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  • 1
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    Dynamic Evolution of Endogenous Retrovirus-Derived Genes Expressed in Bovine Conceptuses during the Period of Placentation (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-09
    Description: In evolution of mammals, some of essential genes for placental development are known to be of retroviral origin, as syncytin-1 derived from an envelope ( env ) gene of an endogenous retrovirus (ERV) aids in the cell fusion of placenta in humans. Although the placenta serves the same function in all placental mammals, env -derived genes responsible for trophoblast cell fusion and maternal immune tolerance differ among species and remain largely unidentified in the bovine species. To examine env -derived genes playing a role in the bovine placental development comprehensively, we determined the transcriptomic profiles of bovine conceptuses during three crucial windows of implantation periods using a high-throughput sequencer. The sequence reads were mapped into the bovine genome, in which ERV candidates were annotated using RetroTector © (7,624 and 1,542 for ERV-derived and env -derived genes, respectively). The mapped reads showed that approximately 18% (284 genes) of env -derived genes in the genome were expressed during placenta formation, and approximately 4% (63 genes) were detected for all days examined. We verified three env -derived genes that are expressed in trophoblast cells by polymerase chain reaction. Out of these three, the sequence of env -derived gene with the longest open reading frame (named BERV-P env ) was found to show high expression levels in trophoblast cell lines and to be similar to those of syncytin-Car1 genes found in dogs and cats, despite their disparate origins. These results suggest that placentation depends on various retrovirus-derived genes that could have replaced endogenous predecessors during evolution.
    Electronic ISSN: 1759-6653
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    Short minority carrier lifetimes in highly nitrogen-doped 4H-SiC epilayers for suppression of the stacking fault formation in PiN diodes (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-16
    Description: We investigated the dependency of minority carrier lifetimes on the nitrogen concentration, temperature, and the injected carrier concentration for highly nitrogen-doped 4H-SiC epilayers. The minority carrier lifetimes greatly shortened when the nitrogen concentration exceeded 10 18  cm −3 through enhancing direct band-to-band and Auger recombination and showed a slight variation in the temperature range from room temperature (RT) to 250 °C. The epilayer with a nitrogen concentration of 9.3 × 10 18 cm −3 exhibited a very short minority carrier lifetime of 38 ns at RT and 43 ns at 250 °C. The short minority carrier lifetimes of the highly nitrogen-doped epilayer were confirmed to maintain the values even after the subsequent annealing of 1700 °C. 4H-SiC PiN diodes were fabricated by depositing a highly nitrogen-doped epilayer as a “recombination enhancing layer” between an n − drift layer free from basal plane dislocations and the substrate. The PiN diodes showed no formation of stacking faults and no increase in forward voltage during current conduction of 600 A/cm 2 (DC), demonstrating that a highly nitrogen-doped buffer layer with a short minority carrier lifetime successfully suppresses the “bipolar degradation” phenomenon.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 3
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    Contiguous 2,2,4-triamino-5(2H)-oxazolone obstructs DNA synthesis by DNA polymerases {alpha}, {beta}, {eta}, {iota}, {kappa}, REV1 and Klenow Fragment exo-, but not by DNA polymerase {zeta} (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-24
    Description: Guanine is the most easily oxidized of the four DNA bases, and contiguous guanines (GG) in a sequence are more readily oxidized than a single guanine in a sequence. Continued oxidation of GGs results in a contiguous oxidized guanine lesion. Two contiguous 2,5-diamino-4 H -imidazol-4-ones, an oxidized form of guanine that hydrolyses to 2,2,4-triamino-5(2 H )-oxazolone (Oz), are detected following the oxidation of GG. In this study, we analysed translesion synthesis (TLS) across two contiguous Oz molecules (OzOz) using Klenow Fragment exo – (KF exo – ) and DNA polymerases (Pols) α , β , , , , and REV1. We found that KF exo – and Pols α , β , and REV1 inserted one nucleotide opposite the 3' Oz of OzOz and stalled at the subsequent extension, and that Pol incorporated no nucleotide. Pol only inefficiently elongated the primer up to full-length across OzOz; the synthesis of most DNA strands stalled at the 3' or 5' Oz of OzOz. Surprisingly, however, Pol efficiently extended the primer up to full-length across OzOz, unlike the other DNA polymerases, but catalysed error-prone nucleotide incorporation. We therefore believe that Pol is required for efficient TLS of OzOz. These results show that OzOz obstructs DNA synthesis by DNA polymerases except Pol .
    Print ISSN: 0021-924X
    Electronic ISSN: 1756-2651
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Biochemical Society (JBS).
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  • 4
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    Transpiration characteristics of a rubber plantation in central Cambodia (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-29
    Description: The rapid and widespread expansion of rubber plantations in Southeast Asia necessitates a greater understanding of tree physiology and the impacts of water consumption on local hydrology. Sap flow measurements were used to study the intra- and inter-annual variations in transpiration rate ( E t ) in a rubber stand in the low-elevation plain of central Cambodia. Mean stand sap flux density ( J S ) indicates that rubber trees actively transpire in the rainy season, but become inactive in the dry season. A sharp, brief drop in J S occurred simultaneously with leaf shedding in the middle of the dry season in January. Although the annual maxima of J S were approximately the same in the two study years, the maximum daily stand E t of ~2.0 mm day –1 in 2010 increased to ~2.4 mm day –1 in 2011. Canopy-level stomatal response was well explained by changes in solar radiation, vapor pressure deficit, soil moisture availability, leaf area, and stem diameter. Rubber trees had a relatively small potential to transpire at the beginning of the study period, compared with average diffuse-porous species. After 2 years of growth in stem diameter, transpiration potential was comparable to other species. The sensitivity of canopy conductance ( g c ) to atmospheric drought indicates isohydric behavior of rubber trees. Modeling also predicted a relatively small sensitivity of g c to the soil moisture deficit and a rapid decrease in g c under extreme drought conditions. However, annual observations suggest the possibility of a change in leaf characteristics with tree maturity and/or initiation of latex tapping. The estimated annual stand E t was 469 mm year –1 in 2010, increasing to 658 mm year –1 in 2011. Diagnostic analysis using the derived g c model showed that inter-annual change in stand E t in the rapidly growing young rubber stand was determined mainly by tree growth rate, not by differences in air and soil variables in the surrounding environment. Future research should focus on the potentially broad applicability of the relationship between E t and tree size as well as environmental factors at stands different in terms of clonal type and age.
    Print ISSN: 0829-318X
    Electronic ISSN: 1758-4469
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 5
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    Use of CD134 as a primary receptor by the feline immunodeficiency virus (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-02-21
    Description: Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) induces a disease similar to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in cats, yet in contrast to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), CD4 is not the viral receptor. We identified a primary receptor for FIV as CD134 (OX40), a T cell activation antigen and costimulatory molecule. CD134 expression promotes viral binding and renders cells permissive for viral entry, productive infection, and syncytium formation. Infection is CXCR4-dependent, analogous to infection with X4 strains of HIV. Thus, despite the evolutionary divergence of the feline and human lentiviruses, both viruses use receptors that target the virus to a subset of cells that are pivotal to the acquired immune response.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shimojima, Masayuki -- Miyazawa, Takayuki -- Ikeda, Yasuhiro -- McMonagle, Elizabeth L -- Haining, Hayley -- Akashi, Hiroomi -- Takeuchi, Yasuhiro -- Hosie, Margaret J -- Willett, Brian J -- R01 AI49765-01A1/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 20;303(5661):1192-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14976315" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism/virology ; Cats ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA, Complementary ; Gene Library ; HIV/metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Heterocyclic Compounds/pharmacology ; Humans ; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline/*metabolism/pathogenicity ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Receptors, CXCR4/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Receptors, OX40 ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/chemistry/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Receptors, Virus/chemistry/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Species Specificity ; Transduction, Genetic ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Architectures of class-defining and specific domains of glutamyl-tRNA synthetase (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-03-31
    Description: The crystal structure of a class I aminoacyl-transfer RNA synthetase, glutamyl-tRNA synthetase (GluRS) from Thermus thermophilus, was solved and refined at 2.5 A resolution. The amino-terminal half of GluRS shows a geometrical similarity with that of Escherichia coli glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase (GlnRS) of the same subclass in class I, comprising the class I-specific Rossmann fold domain and the intervening subclass-specific alpha/beta domain. These domains were found to have two GluRS-specific, secondary-structure insertions, which then participated in the specific recognition of the D and acceptor stems of tRNA(Glu) as indicated by mutagenesis analyses based on the docking properties of GluRS and tRNA. In striking contrast to the beta-barrel structure of the GlnRS carboxyl-terminal half, the GluRS carboxyl-terminal half displayed an all-alpha-helix architecture, an alpha-helix cage, and mutagenesis analyses indicated that it had a role in the anticodon recognition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nureki, O -- Vassylyev, D G -- Katayanagi, K -- Shimizu, T -- Sekine, S -- Kigawa, T -- Miyazawa, T -- Yokoyama, S -- Morikawa, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Mar 31;267(5206):1958-65.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, School of Science, University of Tokyo, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7701318" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases/chemistry ; Anticodon ; Biological Evolution ; Computer Graphics ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Escherichia coli/enzymology ; Glutamate-tRNA Ligase/*chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA, Transfer, Glu/chemistry/metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; Thermus thermophilus/*enzymology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Single-photon emission at 1.5 μm from an InAs/InP quantum dot with highly suppressed multi-photon emission probabilities (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-30
    Description: We have demonstrated highly pure single-photon emissions from an InAs/InP quantum dot at the wavelength of 1.5  μ m. By applying quasi-resonant excitation, one exciton is deterministically generated in an excited state, which then relaxes to the exciton ground state before recombining to emit a single photon. The photon-correlation function of the emission from the exciton ground state exhibits a record g (2) (0) value of (4.4 ± 0.2) × 10 −4 measured using high-performance super-conducting single-photon detectors, without any background subtraction. This single-photon source with extremely low multi-photon emission probability paves the way to realize long distance quantum key distribution and low error-rate quantum computation.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 8
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    Amadori-glycated phosphatidylethanolamine enhances the physical stability and selective targeting ability of liposomes (2018)
    Royal Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-15
    Description: Liposomes consisting of 100% phosphatidylcholine exhibit poor membrane fusion, cellular uptake and selective targeting capacities. To overcome these limitations, we used Amadori-glycated phosphatidylethanolamine, which is universally present in animals and commonly consumed in foods. We found that liposomes containing Amadori-glycated phosphatidylethanolamine exhibited significantly reduced negative membrane potential and demonstrated high cellular uptake.
    Keywords: biochemistry, biomedical engineering
    Electronic ISSN: 2054-5703
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Royal Society
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Infrared Spectra of Polypeptides in Various Conformations: Amide I and II Bands1 (1961)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 83 (1961), S. 712-719 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01464a042
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular cloning and sequencing of a cDNA encoding the feline T-cell activation antigen CD26 homologue (1999)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 50 (1999), S. 366-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Keywords: Key words Cat ; CD26 ; cDNA ; Cloning ; Dipeptidyl peptidase IV
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050616
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