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  • Female  (176)
  • Molecular Sequence Data  (65)
  • *Biological Evolution  (50)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (279)
  • BioMed Central
  • Hindawi
  • 2010-2014  (279)
  • 1980-1984
  • 2013  (279)
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  • 2010-2014  (279)
  • 1980-1984
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  • 1
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    Genetic and molecular basis of drug resistance and species-specific drug action in schistosome parasites (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-11-23
    Description: Oxamniquine resistance evolved in the human blood fluke (Schistosoma mansoni) in Brazil in the 1970s. We crossed parental parasites differing ~500-fold in drug response, determined drug sensitivity and marker segregation in clonally derived second-generation progeny, and identified a single quantitative trait locus (logarithm of odds = 31) on chromosome 6. A sulfotransferase was identified as the causative gene by using RNA interference knockdown and biochemical complementation assays, and we subsequently demonstrated independent origins of loss-of-function mutations in field-derived and laboratory-selected resistant parasites. These results demonstrate the utility of linkage mapping in a human helminth parasite, while crystallographic analyses of protein-drug interactions illuminate the mode of drug action and provide a framework for rational design of oxamniquine derivatives that kill both S. mansoni and S. haematobium, the two species responsible for 〉99% of schistosomiasis cases worldwide.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4136436/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4136436/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Valentim, Claudia L L -- Cioli, Donato -- Chevalier, Frederic D -- Cao, Xiaohang -- Taylor, Alexander B -- Holloway, Stephen P -- Pica-Mattoccia, Livia -- Guidi, Alessandra -- Basso, Annalisa -- Tsai, Isheng J -- Berriman, Matthew -- Carvalho-Queiroz, Claudia -- Almeida, Marcio -- Aguilar, Hector -- Frantz, Doug E -- Hart, P John -- LoVerde, Philip T -- Anderson, Timothy J C -- 098051/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 5R21-AI072704/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- 5R21-AI096277/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- C06 RR013556/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- HHSN272201000005I/PHS HHS/ -- R01 AI097576/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01-AI097576/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21 AI072704/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21 AI096277/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 13;342(6164):1385-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1243106. Epub 2013 Nov 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Biochemistry and Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24263136" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Drug Resistance/*genetics ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Genetic Linkage ; Helminth Proteins/*genetics ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Oxamniquine/*pharmacology ; Phylogeny ; Protein Conformation ; Quantitative Trait Loci ; RNA Interference ; Schistosoma mansoni/*drug effects/*genetics ; Schistosomicides/*pharmacology ; Sulfotransferases/chemistry/classification/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Stepwise evolution of essential centromere function in a Drosophila neogene (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-08
    Description: Evolutionarily young genes that serve essential functions represent a paradox; they must perform a function that either was not required until after their birth or was redundant with another gene. How young genes rapidly acquire essential function is largely unknown. We traced the evolutionary steps by which the Drosophila gene Umbrea acquired an essential role in chromosome segregation in D. melanogaster since the gene's origin less than 15 million years ago. Umbrea neofunctionalization occurred via loss of an ancestral heterochromatin-localizing domain, followed by alterations that rewired its protein interaction network and led to species-specific centromere localization. Our evolutionary cell biology approach provides temporal and mechanistic detail about how young genes gain essential function. Such innovations may constantly alter the repertoire of centromeric proteins in eukaryotes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4119826/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4119826/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ross, Benjamin D -- Rosin, Leah -- Thomae, Andreas W -- Hiatt, Mary Alice -- Vermaak, Danielle -- de la Cruz, Aida Flor A -- Imhof, Axel -- Mellone, Barbara G -- Malik, Harmit S -- R01 GM074108/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM074108/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32HG000035/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 7;340(6137):1211-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1234393.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23744945" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Centromere/genetics/*physiology ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/*genetics ; Drosophila/*genetics ; Drosophila Proteins/*genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Duplication ; Genes, Insect/*physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Little emperors: behavioral impacts of China's One-Child Policy (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-12
    Description: We document that China's One-Child Policy (OCP), one of the most radical approaches to limiting population growth, has produced significantly less trusting, less trustworthy, more risk-averse, less competitive, more pessimistic, and less conscientious individuals. Our data were collected from economics experiments conducted with 421 individuals born just before and just after the OCP's introduction in 1979. Surveys to elicit personality traits were also used. We used the exogenous imposition of the OCP to identify the causal impact of being an only child, net of family background effects. The OCP thus has significant ramifications for Chinese society.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cameron, L -- Erkal, N -- Gangadharan, L -- Meng, X -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 22;339(6122):953-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1230221. Epub 2013 Jan 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Econometrics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia. lisa.cameron@monash.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23306438" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Altruism ; Anxiety Disorders ; *Attitude ; *Behavior ; China ; Competitive Behavior ; Family ; *Family Planning Policy ; Female ; Games, Experimental ; Humans ; Male ; Only Child/*psychology ; *Personality ; Risk-Taking ; Trust ; Urban Population
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    FtsZ protofilaments use a hinge-opening mechanism for constrictive force generation (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-28
    Description: The essential bacterial protein FtsZ is a guanosine triphosphatase that self-assembles into a structure at the division site termed the "Z ring". During cytokinesis, the Z ring exerts a constrictive force on the membrane by using the chemical energy of guanosine triphosphate hydrolysis. However, the structural basis of this constriction remains unresolved. Here, we present the crystal structure of a guanosine diphosphate-bound Mycobacterium tuberculosis FtsZ protofilament, which exhibits a curved conformational state. The structure reveals a longitudinal interface that is important for function. The protofilament curvature highlights a hydrolysis-dependent conformational switch at the T3 loop that leads to longitudinal bending between subunits, which could generate sufficient force to drive cytokinesis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3816583/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3816583/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Ying -- Hsin, Jen -- Zhao, Lingyun -- Cheng, Yiwen -- Shang, Weina -- Huang, Kerwyn Casey -- Wang, Hong-Wei -- Ye, Sheng -- 1F32GM100677-01A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- DP2 OD006466/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP2OD006466/OD/NIH HHS/ -- F32 GM100677/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jul 26;341(6144):392-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1239248.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang, P.R. China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23888039" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; *Cytokinesis ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli/chemistry ; Guanosine Diphosphate/chemistry/metabolism ; Guanosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Hydrolysis ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/*chemistry/physiology ; Point Mutation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Subunits/chemistry/metabolism ; Staphylococcus aureus/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Voltage-gated sodium channel in grasshopper mice defends against bark scorpion toxin (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-26
    Description: Painful venoms are used to deter predators. Pain itself, however, can signal damage and thus serves an important adaptive function. Evolution to reduce general pain responses, although valuable for preying on venomous species, is rare, likely because it comes with the risk of reduced response to tissue damage. Bark scorpions capitalize on the protective pain pathway of predators by inflicting intensely painful stings. However, grasshopper mice regularly attack and consume bark scorpions, grooming only briefly when stung. Bark scorpion venom induces pain in many mammals (house mice, rats, humans) by activating the voltage-gated Na(+) channel Nav1.7, but has no effect on Nav1.8. Grasshopper mice Nav1.8 has amino acid variants that bind bark scorpion toxins and inhibit Na(+) currents, blocking action potential propagation and inducing analgesia. Thus, grasshopper mice have solved the predator-pain problem by using a toxin bound to a nontarget channel to block transmission of the pain signals the venom itself is initiating.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4172297/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4172297/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rowe, Ashlee H -- Xiao, Yucheng -- Rowe, Matthew P -- Cummins, Theodore R -- Zakon, Harold H -- NS 053422/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS053422/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Oct 25;342(6157):441-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1236451.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Neurobiology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24159039" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials/drug effects/physiology ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Arvicolinae/*metabolism ; *Food Chain ; Formaldehyde/pharmacology ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NAV1.7 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; NAV1.8 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Pain/chemically induced/*metabolism ; *Predatory Behavior ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Scorpion Venoms
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Deciphering the glycosylome of dystroglycanopathies using haploid screens for lassa virus entry (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-23
    Description: Glycosylated alpha-dystroglycan (alpha-DG) serves as cellular entry receptor for multiple pathogens, and defects in its glycosylation cause hereditary Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS). At least eight proteins are critical to glycosylate alpha-DG, but many genes mutated in WWS remain unknown. To identify modifiers of alpha-DG, we performed a haploid screen for Lassa virus entry, a hemorrhagic fever virus causing thousands of deaths annually that hijacks glycosylated alpha-DG to enter cells. In complementary screens, we profiled cells for absence of alpha-DG carbohydrate chains or biochemically related glycans. This revealed virus host factors and a suite of glycosylation units, including all known Walker-Warburg genes and five additional factors critical for the modification of alpha-DG. Our findings accentuate the complexity of this posttranslational feature and point out genes defective in dystroglycanopathies.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3919138/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3919138/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jae, Lucas T -- Raaben, Matthijs -- Riemersma, Moniek -- van Beusekom, Ellen -- Blomen, Vincent A -- Velds, Arno -- Kerkhoven, Ron M -- Carette, Jan E -- Topaloglu, Haluk -- Meinecke, Peter -- Wessels, Marja W -- Lefeber, Dirk J -- Whelan, Sean P -- van Bokhoven, Hans -- Brummelkamp, Thijn R -- AI057159/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI081842/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI081842/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U54 AI057159/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 26;340(6131):479-83. doi: 10.1126/science.1233675. Epub 2013 Mar 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23519211" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Cell Line ; Dystroglycans/*metabolism ; Female ; Glycosylation ; Haploidy ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/*genetics ; Humans ; Infant ; Lassa Fever/*genetics/virology ; Lassa virus/*physiology ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Proteome/*metabolism ; *Virus Internalization ; Walker-Warburg Syndrome/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Comment on "Nuclear genomic sequences reveal that polar bears are an old and distinct bear lineage" (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-30
    Description: Based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, Hailer et al. (Reports, 20 April 2012, p. 344) suggested early divergence of polar bears from a common ancestor with brown bears and subsequent introgression. Our population genetic analysis that traces each of the genealogies in the independent nuclear loci does not support the evolutionary model proposed by the authors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nakagome, Shigeki -- Mano, Shuhei -- Hasegawa, Masami -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Mar 29;339(6127):1522. doi: 10.1126/science.1227339.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan. nakagome@ism.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23539580" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Genome ; *Multilocus Sequence Typing ; Ursidae/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    The genome of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi and its implications for cell type evolution (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-18
    Description: An understanding of ctenophore biology is critical for reconstructing events that occurred early in animal evolution. Toward this goal, we have sequenced, assembled, and annotated the genome of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi. Our phylogenomic analyses of both amino acid positions and gene content suggest that ctenophores rather than sponges are the sister lineage to all other animals. Mnemiopsis lacks many of the genes found in bilaterian mesodermal cell types, suggesting that these cell types evolved independently. The set of neural genes in Mnemiopsis is similar to that of sponges, indicating that sponges may have lost a nervous system. These results present a newly supported view of early animal evolution that accounts for major losses and/or gains of sophisticated cell types, including nerve and muscle cells.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3920664/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3920664/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ryan, Joseph F -- Pang, Kevin -- Schnitzler, Christine E -- Nguyen, Anh-Dao -- Moreland, R Travis -- Simmons, David K -- Koch, Bernard J -- Francis, Warren R -- Havlak, Paul -- NISC Comparative Sequencing Program -- Smith, Stephen A -- Putnam, Nicholas H -- Haddock, Steven H D -- Dunn, Casey W -- Wolfsberg, Tyra G -- Mullikin, James C -- Martindale, Mark Q -- Baxevanis, Andreas D -- ZIA HG000140-13/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- ZIA HG000140-14/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- ZIA HG000140-15/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 13;342(6164):1242592. doi: 10.1126/science.1242592.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genome Technology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24337300" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Biological Evolution ; Cell Lineage/*genetics ; Ctenophora/classification/*cytology/*genetics ; *Genome ; Mesoderm/cytology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muscle Development/genetics ; Neurogenesis/genetics ; Phylogeny
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Topology of feather melanocyte progenitor niche allows complex pigment patterns to emerge (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-27
    Description: Color patterns of bird plumage affect animal behavior and speciation. Diverse patterns are present in different species and within the individual. Here, we study the cellular and molecular basis of feather pigment pattern formation. Melanocyte progenitors are distributed as a horizontal ring in the proximal follicle, sending melanocytes vertically up into the epithelial cylinder, which gradually emerges as feathers grow. Different pigment patterns form by modulating the presence, arrangement, or differentiation of melanocytes. A layer of peripheral pulp further regulates pigmentation via patterned agouti expression. Lifetime feather cyclic regeneration resets pigment patterns for physiological needs. Thus, the evolution of stem cell niche topology allows complex pigment patterning through combinatorial co-option of simple regulatory mechanisms.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4144997/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4144997/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lin, S J -- Foley, J -- Jiang, T X -- Yeh, C Y -- Wu, P -- Foley, A -- Yen, C M -- Huang, Y C -- Cheng, H C -- Chen, C F -- Reeder, B -- Jee, S H -- Widelitz, R B -- Chuong, C M -- AR060306/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- AR42177/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- AR47364/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR042177/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR047364/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 21;340(6139):1442-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1230374. Epub 2013 Apr 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23618762" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agouti Signaling Protein/metabolism ; Animals ; Birds/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Proliferation ; Chickens/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Columbidae/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Feathers/*cytology/growth & development ; Female ; Galliformes/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Male ; Melanocytes/*cytology/physiology ; Models, Biological ; *Pigmentation ; Regeneration ; *Stem Cell Niche ; Stem Cells/*cytology/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    2013 Runners-Up. Human cloning at last (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 20;342(6165):1436. doi: 10.1126/science.342.6165.1436-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24357287" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Separation ; Cloning, Organism/*methods ; Female ; Humans ; *Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Pregnancy ; *Research Embryo Creation ; Surrogate Mothers
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    27-Hydroxycholesterol links hypercholesterolemia and breast cancer pathophysiology (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-11-30
    Description: Hypercholesterolemia is a risk factor for estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancers and is associated with a decreased response of tumors to endocrine therapies. Here, we show that 27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC), a primary metabolite of cholesterol and an ER and liver X receptor (LXR) ligand, increases ER-dependent growth and LXR-dependent metastasis in mouse models of breast cancer. The effects of cholesterol on tumor pathology required its conversion to 27HC by the cytochrome P450 oxidase CYP27A1 and were attenuated by treatment with CYP27A1 inhibitors. In human breast cancer specimens, CYP27A1 expression levels correlated with tumor grade. In high-grade tumors, both tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages exhibited high expression levels of the enzyme. Thus, lowering circulating cholesterol levels or interfering with its conversion to 27HC may be a useful strategy to prevent and/or treat breast cancer.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3899689/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3899689/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nelson, Erik R -- Wardell, Suzanne E -- Jasper, Jeff S -- Park, Sunghee -- Suchindran, Sunil -- Howe, Matthew K -- Carver, Nicole J -- Pillai, Ruchita V -- Sullivan, Patrick M -- Sondhi, Varun -- Umetani, Michihisa -- Geradts, Joseph -- McDonnell, Donald P -- K99CA172357/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK048807/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R37DK048807/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA059365/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Nov 29;342(6162):1094-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1241908.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24288332" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/blood/*metabolism/*pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cholestanetriol 26-Monooxygenase/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Humans ; Hydroxycholesterols/antagonists & inhibitors/blood/*metabolism ; Hypercholesterolemia/blood/*metabolism ; Lung Neoplasms/secondary ; Mice ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Two dimensions of value: dopamine neurons represent reward but not aversiveness (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-03
    Description: Whereas reward (appetitiveness) and aversiveness (punishment) have been distinguished as two discrete dimensions within psychology and behavior, physiological and computational models of their neural representation have treated them as opposite sides of a single continuous dimension of "value." Here, I show that although dopamine neurons of the primate ventral midbrain are activated by evidence for reward and suppressed by evidence against reward, they are insensitive to aversiveness. This indicates that reward and aversiveness are represented independently as two dimensions, even by neurons that are closely related to motor function. Because theory and experiment support the existence of opponent neural representations for value, the present results imply four types of value-sensitive neurons corresponding to reward-ON (dopamine), reward-OFF, aversive-ON, and aversive-OFF.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fiorillo, Christopher D -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 2;341(6145):546-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1238699.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea. fiorillo@kaist.ac.kr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23908236" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Appetitive Behavior/*physiology ; Conditioning, Classical/physiology ; Dopaminergic Neurons/*physiology ; Female ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Mesencephalon/cytology/*physiology ; Punishment/*psychology ; *Reward
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    Adaptive evolution of multiple traits through multiple mutations at a single gene (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-16
    Description: The identification of precise mutations is required for a complete understanding of the underlying molecular and evolutionary mechanisms driving adaptive phenotypic change. Using plasticine models in the field, we show that the light coat color of deer mice that recently colonized the light-colored soil of the Nebraska Sand Hills provides a strong selective advantage against visually hunting predators. Color variation in an admixed population suggests that this light Sand Hills phenotype is composed of multiple traits. We identified distinct regions within the Agouti locus associated with each color trait and found that only haplotypes associated with light trait values have evidence of selection. Thus, local adaptation is the result of independent selection on many mutations within a single locus, each with a specific effect on an adaptive phenotype, thereby minimizing pleiotropic consequences.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3836219/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3836219/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Linnen, Catherine R -- Poh, Yu-Ping -- Peterson, Brant K -- Barrett, Rowan D H -- Larson, Joanna G -- Jensen, Jeffrey D -- Hoekstra, Hopi E -- 308796/European Research Council/International -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Mar 15;339(6125):1312-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1233213.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA. catherine.linnen@uky.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23493712" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological/*genetics ; Agouti Signaling Protein/genetics ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Color ; Food Chain ; *Multifactorial Inheritance ; Mutation ; Organic Chemicals ; Peromyscus/genetics/*physiology ; Pigmentation/*genetics ; Selection, Genetic
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  • 14
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    Identification of wheat gene Sr35 that confers resistance to Ug99 stem rust race group (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-03
    Description: Wheat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), is a devastating disease that can cause severe yield losses. A previously uncharacterized Pgt race, designated Ug99, has overcome most of the widely used resistance genes and is threatening major wheat production areas. Here, we demonstrate that the Sr35 gene from Triticum monococcum is a coiled-coil, nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat gene that confers near immunity to Ug99 and related races. This gene is absent in the A-genome diploid donor and in polyploid wheat but is effective when transferred from T. monococcum to polyploid wheat. The cloning of Sr35 opens the door to the use of biotechnological approaches to control this devastating disease and to analyses of the molecular interactions that define the wheat-rust pathosystem.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4748951/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4748951/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saintenac, Cyrille -- Zhang, Wenjun -- Salcedo, Andres -- Rouse, Matthew N -- Trick, Harold N -- Akhunov, Eduard -- Dubcovsky, Jorge -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 16;341(6147):783-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1239022. Epub 2013 Jun 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23811222" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alternative Splicing ; Amino Acid Sequence ; *Basidiomycota/pathogenicity ; Cloning, Molecular ; Disease Resistance/genetics ; *Genes, Plant ; Haplotypes ; Molecular Sequence Annotation ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phylogeny ; Plant Diseases/genetics/*immunology/microbiology ; Plant Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Plant Stems/microbiology ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Polyploidy ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Triticum/*genetics/immunology/microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    Immunology. Welcome to the microgenderome (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4005781/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4005781/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Flak, Magdalena B -- Neves, Joana F -- Blumberg, Richard S -- DK0034854/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK044319/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK051362/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK053056/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK088199/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK088199/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK044319/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Mar 1;339(6123):1044-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1236226.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Digestive Diseases Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23449586" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Autoimmunity ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/*microbiology ; Female ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones/*immunology ; Intestines/*microbiology ; Male ; *Metagenome ; *Sex Characteristics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    Influence of HLA-C expression level on HIV control (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-06
    Description: A variant upstream of human leukocyte antigen C (HLA-C) shows the most significant genome-wide effect on HIV control in European Americans and is also associated with the level of HLA-C expression. We characterized the differential cell surface expression levels of all common HLA-C allotypes and tested directly for effects of HLA-C expression on outcomes of HIV infection in 5243 individuals. Increasing HLA-C expression was associated with protection against multiple outcomes independently of individual HLA allelic effects in both African and European Americans, regardless of their distinct HLA-C frequencies and linkage relationships with HLA-B and HLA-A. Higher HLA-C expression was correlated with increased likelihood of cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses and frequency of viral escape mutation. In contrast, high HLA-C expression had a deleterious effect in Crohn's disease, suggesting a broader influence of HLA expression levels in human disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3784322/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3784322/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Apps, Richard -- Qi, Ying -- Carlson, Jonathan M -- Chen, Haoyan -- Gao, Xiaojiang -- Thomas, Rasmi -- Yuki, Yuko -- Del Prete, Greg Q -- Goulder, Philip -- Brumme, Zabrina L -- Brumme, Chanson J -- John, Mina -- Mallal, Simon -- Nelson, George -- Bosch, Ronald -- Heckerman, David -- Stein, Judy L -- Soderberg, Kelly A -- Moody, M Anthony -- Denny, Thomas N -- Zeng, Xue -- Fang, Jingyuan -- Moffett, Ashley -- Lifson, Jeffrey D -- Goedert, James J -- Buchbinder, Susan -- Kirk, Gregory D -- Fellay, Jacques -- McLaren, Paul -- Deeks, Steven G -- Pereyra, Florencia -- Walker, Bruce -- Michael, Nelson L -- Weintrob, Amy -- Wolinsky, Steven -- Liao, Wilson -- Carrington, Mary -- 5-M01-RR-00722/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- HHSN261200800001E/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HHSN261200800001E/PHS HHS/ -- K08 AR057763/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- K08AR057763/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- K24 AI069994/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- K24AI069994/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- N02-CP-55504/CP/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 AI027763/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P30 AI027767/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P30 AI027767-24/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P30 MH62246/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- PG/09/077/27964/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom -- R01 AI046995/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI060460/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI087145/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR065174/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-AI046995/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01-AI060460/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01-DA-04334/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01-DA-12568/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01-DA04334/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01-DA12568/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R24 AI067039/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01-AI-067854/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01-AI-35039/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01-AI-35040/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01-AI-35041/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01-AI-35042/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01-AI-35043/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01-AI-37613/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01-AI-37984/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR024131/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 5;340(6128):87-91. doi: 10.1126/science.1232685.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer and Inflammation Program, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23559252" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: African Americans/genetics ; Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Crohn Disease/genetics/immunology ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; HIV/genetics/*immunology ; HIV Infections/drug therapy/*genetics/*immunology ; HLA-C Antigens/*genetics ; Humans ; Immunodominant Epitopes/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Peptide Fragments/immunology ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology ; Viral Load/genetics
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    Human Evolution. Elusive Denisovans sighted in oldest human DNA (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 6;342(6163):1156. doi: 10.1126/science.342.6163.1156.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24311652" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Bone and Bones ; *DNA, Mitochondrial ; *Fossils ; *Hominidae ; Humans ; Neanderthals ; Spain
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  • 18
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    Mechanism of eukaryotic RNA polymerase III transcription termination (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-03
    Description: Gene expression in organisms involves many factors and is tightly controlled. Although much is known about the initial phase of transcription by RNA polymerase III (Pol III), the enzyme that synthesizes the majority of RNA molecules in eukaryotic cells, termination is poorly understood. Here, we show that the extensive structure of Pol III-synthesized transcripts dictates the release of elongation complexes at the end of genes. The poly-T termination signal, which does not cause termination in itself, causes catalytic inactivation and backtracking of Pol III, thus committing the enzyme to termination and transporting it to the nearest RNA secondary structure, which facilitates Pol III release. Similarity between termination mechanisms of Pol III and bacterial RNA polymerase suggests that hairpin-dependent termination may date back to the common ancestor of multisubunit RNA polymerases.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3760304/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3760304/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nielsen, Soren -- Yuzenkova, Yulia -- Zenkin, Nikolay -- 202994/European Research Council/International -- BB/F013558/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/J006378/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 28;340(6140):1577-80. doi: 10.1126/science.1237934.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23812715" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Poly T/metabolism ; Poly U/metabolism ; RNA Polymerase III/*metabolism ; RNA, Ribosomal, 5S/chemistry/genetics ; RNA, Transfer, Tyr/chemistry/genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*enzymology/genetics ; *Transcription Termination, Genetic
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  • 19
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    Paleoanthropology. Stunning skull gives a fresh portrait of early humans (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Oct 18;342(6156):297-8. doi: 10.1126/science.342.6156.297.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24136941" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Anthropology ; *Biological Evolution ; *Fossils ; Georgia (Republic) ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Skull/*anatomy & histology/*growth & development
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  • 20
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    The thousand-year graveyard (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 13;342(6164):1306-10. doi: 10.1126/science.342.6164.1306.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24337272" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Anthropology, Physical ; Archaeology ; *Cause of Death ; Cemeteries/*history ; DNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification ; Epidemics/*history ; Female ; History, Medieval ; Humans ; Italy/epidemiology ; Jaw/microbiology ; Plague/epidemiology/history ; Skull/microbiology ; Tooth/microbiology ; Yersinia pestis/classification/genetics/isolation & purification
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 21
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    Ardi's a hominin--but how did she move? (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 26;340(6131):427. doi: 10.1126/science.340.6131.427.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23620032" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthropology, Physical/*history ; *Biological Evolution ; Female ; Foot/*anatomy & histology/*physiology ; History, Ancient ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Walking/*history
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  • 22
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    Prediction error governs pharmacologically induced amnesia for learned fear (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-16
    Description: Although reconsolidation opens up new avenues to erase excessive fear memory, subtle boundary conditions put constraints on retrieval-induced plasticity. Reconsolidation may only take place when memory reactivation involves an experience that engages new learning (prediction error). Thus far, it has not been possible to determine the optimal degree of novelty required for destabilizing the memory. The occurrence of prediction error could only be inferred from the observation of a reconsolidation process itself. Here, we provide a noninvasive index of memory destabilization that is independent from the occurrence of reconsolidation. Using this index, we show in humans that prediction error is (i) a necessary condition for reconsolidation of associative fear memory and (ii) determined by the interaction between original learning and retrieval. Insight into the process of memory updating is crucial for understanding the optimal and boundary conditions on reconsolidation and provides a clear guide for the development of reconsolidation-based treatments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sevenster, Dieuwke -- Beckers, Tom -- Kindt, Merel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 15;339(6121):830-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1231357.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23413355" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-Propanol/administration & dosage ; Amnesia/chemically induced/*psychology ; Conditioning (Psychology)/drug effects ; Fear/drug effects/*psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Learning/drug effects/*physiology ; Male ; Mental Recall/drug effects/physiology ; Models, Psychological ; Reinforcement Schedule ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Paleontology. Feathers before flight (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clarke, Julia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 10;340(6133):690-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1235463.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA. julia_clarke@jsg.utexas.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23661746" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Birds/anatomy & histology/growth & development ; Dinosaurs/anatomy & histology/growth & development ; Feathers/anatomy & histology/*growth & development/ultrastructure ; *Flight, Animal ; *Fossils ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; beta-Keratins/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    IBI series winner. Exploring the evolution of human mate preference (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-11-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Foster, Valerie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Nov 29;342(6162):1060-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1230005.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Natural Sciences Division, Pasadena City College, 1570 East Colorado Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91106, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24288326" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Courtship/*psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Marriage/*psychology ; Personality ; Problem-Based Learning/*methods ; Selection, Genetic ; Voice Quality ; Young Adult
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    Immunology. Guilty by association (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Joshi, Nikhil S -- Jacks, Tyler -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Mar 8;339(6124):1160-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1235528.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23471395" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; *Immune Tolerance ; Male ; Prostate/*immunology ; Prostatic Neoplasms/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/*immunology ; Thymus Gland/*growth & development/*immunology ; Transcription Factors/*immunology
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    Comment on "Bateman in nature: predation on offspring reduces the potential for sexual selection" (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-04
    Description: Byers and Dunn (Reports, 9 November 2012, p. 802) reported that sexual selection and natural selection are closely related in a wild population of pronghorns. Here, I argue that this conclusion is incorrect. Their main finding is due to the fact that, unsurprisingly, juvenile mortality and juvenile survival are negatively related across years.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arnqvist, Goran -- 294333/European Research Council/International -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 3;340(6132):549. doi: 10.1126/science.1233413.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Norbyvagen 18D, SE75236 Uppsala, Sweden. goran.arnqvist@ebc.uu.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23641095" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antelopes/*physiology ; Female ; Male ; *Mating Preference, Animal ; *Predatory Behavior ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Genomic diversity and evolution of the head crest in the rock pigeon (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-02
    Description: The geographic origins of breeds and the genetic basis of variation within the widely distributed and phenotypically diverse domestic rock pigeon (Columba livia) remain largely unknown. We generated a rock pigeon reference genome and additional genome sequences representing domestic and feral populations. We found evidence for the origins of major breed groups in the Middle East and contributions from a racing breed to North American feral populations. We identified the gene EphB2 as a strong candidate for the derived head crest phenotype shared by numerous breeds, an important trait in mate selection in many avian species. We also found evidence that this trait evolved just once and spread throughout the species, and that the crest originates early in development by the localized molecular reversal of feather bud polarity.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3778192/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3778192/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shapiro, Michael D -- Kronenberg, Zev -- Li, Cai -- Domyan, Eric T -- Pan, Hailin -- Campbell, Michael -- Tan, Hao -- Huff, Chad D -- Hu, Haofu -- Vickrey, Anna I -- Nielsen, Sandra C A -- Stringham, Sydney A -- Hu, Hao -- Willerslev, Eske -- Gilbert, M Thomas P -- Yandell, Mark -- Zhang, Guojie -- Wang, Jun -- GO RC2HG005619/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM104390/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004694/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01HG004694/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R44 HG006579/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- RC2 HG005619/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007464/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 HD007491/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- T32GM007464/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32HD07491/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Mar 1;339(6123):1063-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1230422. Epub 2013 Jan 31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA. mike.shapiro@utah.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23371554" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Animals, Domestic/anatomy & histology/classification/genetics ; Animals, Wild/anatomy & histology/classification/genetics ; Breeding ; Columbidae/anatomy & histology/*classification/*genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Feathers/anatomy & histology ; *Genetic Variation ; Genome ; Head/*anatomy & histology ; Models, Genetic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; *Quantitative Trait, Heritable ; Receptor, EphB2/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Loss of function of the melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein 2 is associated with mammalian obesity (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-23
    Description: Melanocortin receptor accessory proteins (MRAPs) modulate signaling of melanocortin receptors in vitro. To investigate the physiological role of brain-expressed melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein 2 (MRAP2), we characterized mice with whole-body and brain-specific targeted deletion of Mrap2, both of which develop severe obesity at a young age. Mrap2 interacts directly with melanocortin 4 receptor (Mc4r), a protein previously implicated in mammalian obesity, and it enhances Mc4r-mediated generation of the second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate, suggesting that alterations in Mc4r signaling may be one mechanism underlying the association between Mrap2 disruption and obesity. In a study of humans with severe, early-onset obesity, we found four rare, potentially pathogenic genetic variants in MRAP2, suggesting that the gene may also contribute to body weight regulation in humans.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3788688/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3788688/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Asai, Masato -- Ramachandrappa, Shwetha -- Joachim, Maria -- Shen, Yuan -- Zhang, Rong -- Nuthalapati, Nikhil -- Ramanathan, Visali -- Strochlic, David E -- Ferket, Peter -- Linhart, Kirsten -- Ho, Caroline -- Novoselova, Tatiana V -- Garg, Sumedha -- Ridderstrale, Martin -- Marcus, Claude -- Hirschhorn, Joel N -- Keogh, Julia M -- O'Rahilly, Stephen -- Chan, Li F -- Clark, Adrian J -- Farooqi, I Sadaf -- Majzoub, Joseph A -- 098497/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G0802796/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0900554/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G9824984/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- P30-HD18655/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK075787/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01DK075787/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32 DK007699/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32 MH020017/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jul 19;341(6143):275-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1233000.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23869016" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Animals ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight/*genetics ; Carrier Proteins/*genetics ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Energy Metabolism/genetics ; Female ; Gene Deletion ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Obesity/*genetics/metabolism ; Receptor Activity-Modifying Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/genetics/*metabolism ; Young Adult
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Stress in puberty unmasks latent neuropathological consequences of prenatal immune activation in mice (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-02
    Description: Prenatal infection and exposure to traumatizing experiences during peripuberty have each been associated with increased risk for neuropsychiatric disorders. Evidence is lacking for the cumulative impact of such prenatal and postnatal environmental challenges on brain functions and vulnerability to psychiatric disease. Here, we show in a translational mouse model that combined exposure to prenatal immune challenge and peripubertal stress induces synergistic pathological effects on adult behavioral functions and neurochemistry. We further demonstrate that the prenatal insult markedly increases the vulnerability of the pubescent offspring to brain immune changes in response to stress. Our findings reveal interactions between two adverse environmental factors that have individually been associated with neuropsychiatric disease and support theories that mental illnesses with delayed onsets involve multiple environmental hits.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Giovanoli, Sandra -- Engler, Harald -- Engler, Andrea -- Richetto, Juliet -- Voget, Mareike -- Willi, Roman -- Winter, Christine -- Riva, Marco A -- Mortensen, Preben B -- Feldon, Joram -- Schedlowski, Manfred -- Meyer, Urs -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Mar 1;339(6123):1095-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1228261.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23449593" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cytokines/immunology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Humans ; Mental Disorders/*immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Poly I-C/immunology/pharmacology ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/*immunology/virology ; Puberty/*immunology ; Stress, Physiological/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Poverty impedes cognitive function (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The poor often behave in less capable ways, which can further perpetuate poverty. We hypothesize that poverty directly impedes cognitive function and present two studies that test this hypothesis. First, we experimentally induced thoughts about finances and found that this reduces cognitive performance among poor but not in well-off participants. Second, we examined the cognitive function of farmers over the planting cycle. We found that the same farmer shows diminished cognitive performance before harvest, when poor, as compared with after harvest, when rich. This cannot be explained by differences in time available, nutrition, or work effort. Nor can it be explained with stress: Although farmers do show more stress before harvest, that does not account for diminished cognitive performance. Instead, it appears that poverty itself reduces cognitive capacity. We suggest that this is because poverty-related concerns consume mental resources, leaving less for other tasks. These data provide a previously unexamined perspective and help explain a spectrum of behaviors among the poor. We discuss some implications for poverty policy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mani, Anandi -- Mullainathan, Sendhil -- Shafir, Eldar -- Zhao, Jiaying -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 30;341(6149):976-80. doi: 10.1126/science.1238041.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Economics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23990553" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Agriculture ; *Cognition ; Female ; Financial Management ; Humans ; Male ; Poverty/*psychology ; Public Policy
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    Response to comment on "Stress in puberty unmasks latent neuropathological consequences of prenatal immune activation in mice" (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-21
    Description: Lazic criticizes the statistical analyses used to support the conclusions in our mouse model. His theory-biased criticism is disproportionate in view of the robustness of our findings (even if different statistical methods are applied) and falls short in explaining the postpubertal onset of effects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Giovanoli, Sandra -- Meyer, Urs -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 17;340(6134):811. doi: 10.1126/science.1238060.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23687030" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Humans ; Mental Disorders/*immunology ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/*immunology ; Puberty/*immunology ; Stress, Physiological/*immunology
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    Response to comment on "Bilaterian burrows and grazing behavior at 〉585 million years ago" (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-07
    Description: Gaucher et al. suggest that their field observations and petrographic analysis of one thin section do not support an Ediacaran age for the trace fossils-bearing strata of the Tacuari Formation. We have strengthened our conclusion of an Ediacaran age for the Tacuari Formation based on reassessment of new and previously presented field and petrographic evidence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pecoits, Ernesto -- Konhauser, Kurt O -- Aubet, Natalie R -- Heaman, Larry M -- Veroslavsky, Gerardo -- Stern, Richard -- Gingras, Murray K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 22;339(6122):906. doi: 10.1126/science.1230677.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E3, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23430639" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Fossils
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    Immunology. Pasteur approach to a malaria vaccine may take the lead (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Good, Michael F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Sep 20;341(6152):1352-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1244157.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4222, Australia. michael.good@griffith.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24052298" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Humans ; Malaria Vaccines/*administration & dosage/*immunology ; Malaria, Falciparum/*prevention & control ; Male ; Plasmodium falciparum/*immunology
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    Virology. Our viral inheritance (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weiss, Robin A -- Stoye, Jonathan P -- MC_U117512710/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 17;340(6134):820-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1235148.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK. rweiss@ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23687035" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; Endogenous Retroviruses/*genetics ; Female ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Humans ; Placenta/virology ; Pregnancy ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Proviruses/*genetics ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Cancer. Cholesterol forges link between obesity and breast cancer (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-11-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Nov 29;342(6162):1028. doi: 10.1126/science.342.6162.1028.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24288308" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/*metabolism/*pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Hydroxycholesterols/*metabolism ; Hypercholesterolemia/*metabolism
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    Identification of a colonial chordate histocompatibility gene (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-28
    Description: Histocompatibility is the basis by which multicellular organisms of the same species distinguish self from nonself. Relatively little is known about the mechanisms underlying histocompatibility reactions in lower organisms. Botryllus schlosseri is a colonial urochordate, a sister group of vertebrates, that exhibits a genetically determined natural transplantation reaction, whereby self-recognition between colonies leads to formation of parabionts with a common vasculature, whereas rejection occurs between incompatible colonies. Using genetically defined lines, whole-transcriptome sequencing, and genomics, we identified a single gene that encodes self-nonself and determines "graft" outcomes in this organism. This gene is significantly up-regulated in colonies poised to undergo fusion and/or rejection, is highly expressed in the vasculature, and is functionally linked to histocompatibility outcomes. These findings establish a platform for advancing the science of allorecognition.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3810301/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3810301/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Voskoboynik, Ayelet -- Newman, Aaron M -- Corey, Daniel M -- Sahoo, Debashis -- Pushkarev, Dmitry -- Neff, Norma F -- Passarelli, Benedetto -- Koh, Winston -- Ishizuka, Katherine J -- Palmeri, Karla J -- Dimov, Ivan K -- Keasar, Chen -- Fan, H Christina -- Mantalas, Gary L -- Sinha, Rahul -- Penland, Lolita -- Quake, Stephen R -- Weissman, Irving L -- 1R01AG037968/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- 1R56AI089968/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- K12 HL087746/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K99 CA151673/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K99CA151673-01A1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG037968/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM100315/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM100315/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R56 AI089968/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA009302/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jul 26;341(6144):384-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1238036.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ayeletv@stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23888037" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; *Genes ; Genome ; Genotype ; Histocompatibility/*genetics ; Immune Tolerance ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Transcriptome ; Up-Regulation ; Urochordata/*genetics/*immunology/physiology
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    PINK1-phosphorylated mitofusin 2 is a Parkin receptor for culling damaged mitochondria (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-27
    Description: Senescent and damaged mitochondria undergo selective mitophagic elimination through mechanisms requiring two Parkinson's disease factors, the mitochondrial kinase PINK1 (PTEN-induced putative kinase protein 1; PTEN is phosphatase and tensin homolog) and the cytosolic ubiquitin ligase Parkin. The nature of the PINK-Parkin interaction and the identity of key factors directing Parkin to damaged mitochondria are unknown. We show that the mitochondrial outer membrane guanosine triphosphatase mitofusin (Mfn) 2 mediates Parkin recruitment to damaged mitochondria. Parkin bound to Mfn2 in a PINK1-dependent manner; PINK1 phosphorylated Mfn2 and promoted its Parkin-mediated ubiqitination. Ablation of Mfn2 in mouse cardiac myocytes prevented depolarization-induced translocation of Parkin to the mitochondria and suppressed mitophagy. Accumulation of morphologically and functionally abnormal mitochondria induced respiratory dysfunction in Mfn2-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes and in Parkin-deficient Drosophila heart tubes, causing dilated cardiomyopathy. Thus, Mfn2 functions as a mitochondrial receptor for Parkin and is required for quality control of cardiac mitochondria.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3774525/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3774525/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Yun -- Dorn, Gerald W 2nd -- R01 HL059888/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R21 HL107276/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 26;340(6131):471-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1231031.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23620051" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Autophagy ; Cardiomyopathies/enzymology ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Fibroblasts/ultrastructure ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/genetics/*metabolism ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Mitochondria/enzymology ; Mitochondria, Heart/*enzymology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Myocytes, Cardiac/*enzymology/ultrastructure ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/*metabolism ; Ubiquitination
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    Comment on "Poverty impedes cognitive function" (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-07
    Description: Mani et al. (Research Articles, 30 August, p. 976) presented laboratory experiments that aimed to show that poverty-related worries impede cognitive functioning. A reanalysis without dichotomization of income fails to corroborate their findings and highlights spurious interactions between income and experimental manipulation due to ceiling effects caused by short and easy tests. This suggests that effects of financial worries are not limited to the poor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wicherts, Jelte M -- Scholten, Annemarie Zand -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 6;342(6163):1169. doi: 10.1126/science.1246680.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Jelte Wicherts, Department of Methodology and Statistics, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24311665" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Cognition ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Poverty/*psychology
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    Genomics. Initiative aims to minister to Mexico's unique genetic heritage (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-11-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wade, Lizzie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Nov 15;342(6160):788. doi: 10.1126/science.342.6160.788.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24233700" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Alleles ; Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology/genetics ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*genetics ; Genetic Variation ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Mexico/epidemiology ; Pedigree ; Population/*genetics
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    Following gene duplication, paralog interference constrains transcriptional circuit evolution (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-05
    Description: Most models of gene duplication assume that the ancestral functions of the preduplication gene are independent and can therefore be neatly partitioned between descendant paralogs. However, many gene products, such as transcriptional regulators, are components within cooperative assemblies; here, we show that a natural consequence of duplication and divergence of such proteins can be competitive interference between the paralogs. Our example is based on the duplication of the essential MADS-box transcriptional regulator Mcm1, which is found in all fungi and regulates a large set of genes. We show that a set of historical amino acid sequence substitutions minimized paralog interference in contemporary species and, in doing so, increased the molecular complexity of this gene regulatory network. We propose that paralog interference is a common constraint on gene duplicate evolution, and its resolution, which can generate additional regulatory complexity, is needed to stabilize duplicated genes in the genome.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3911913/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3911913/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baker, Christopher R -- Hanson-Smith, Victor -- Johnson, Alexander D -- F32 GM108299/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM037049/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM057049/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Oct 4;342(6154):104-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1240810.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24092741" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Arginine/genetics ; Candida albicans/genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; *Gene Duplication ; *Gene Regulatory Networks ; Kluyveromyces/genetics ; Minichromosome Maintenance 1 Protein/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; Sequence Deletion ; *Transcription, Genetic
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    Plant biology. Evolution heresy? Epigenetics underlies heritable plant traits (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Sep 6;341(6150):1055. doi: 10.1126/science.341.6150.1055.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24009370" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/*genetics/growth & development ; *Biological Evolution ; Breeding ; Congresses as Topic ; *Epigenesis, Genetic ; Flowers/*genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Portugal ; *Quantitative Trait, Heritable ; Time Factors
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    Compartmentalization of GABAergic inhibition by dendritic spines (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-11
    Description: gamma-aminobutyric acid-mediated (GABAergic) inhibition plays a critical role in shaping neuronal activity in the neocortex. Numerous experimental investigations have examined perisomatic inhibitory synapses, which control action potential output from pyramidal neurons. However, most inhibitory synapses in the neocortex are formed onto pyramidal cell dendrites, where theoretical studies suggest they may focally regulate cellular activity. The precision of GABAergic control over dendritic electrical and biochemical signaling is unknown. By using cell type-specific optical stimulation in combination with two-photon calcium (Ca(2+)) imaging, we show that somatostatin-expressing interneurons exert compartmentalized control over postsynaptic Ca(2+) signals within individual dendritic spines. This highly focal inhibitory action is mediated by a subset of GABAergic synapses that directly target spine heads. GABAergic inhibition thus participates in localized control of dendritic electrical and biochemical signaling.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3752161/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3752161/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chiu, Chiayu Q -- Lur, Gyorgy -- Morse, Thomas M -- Carnevale, Nicholas T -- Ellis-Davies, Graham C R -- Higley, Michael J -- DC009977/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- GM053395/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- K01 MH097961/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH099045/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS011613/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS069720/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 DC009977/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM053395/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH099045/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS011613/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS069720/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 10;340(6133):759-62. doi: 10.1126/science.1234274.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23661763" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Computer Simulation ; Dendritic Spines/*physiology ; Female ; Glutamic Acid/physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Models, Neurological ; Neocortex/*physiology ; *Neural Inhibition ; Photic Stimulation ; Pyramidal Cells/*physiology ; Rhodopsin/metabolism ; Synapses/physiology ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*physiology
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    Biomedicine. Rare cancer successes spawn 'exceptional' research efforts (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-04-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 19;340(6130):263. doi: 10.1126/science.340.6130.263.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23599454" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents/*therapeutic use ; Biomarkers, Pharmacological ; Biomedical Research ; Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic ; DNA Repair Enzymes/genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Everolimus ; Female ; Humans ; National Cancer Institute (U.S.) ; Remission Induction ; Sirolimus/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics ; United States ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*drug therapy/*genetics ; Uterine Neoplasms/*drug therapy/*genetics
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    The downside of diversity (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-03-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Mar 29;339(6127):1543-5. doi: 10.1126/science.339.6127.1543.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23539593" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis ; Breast Neoplasms/*drug therapy/genetics/*pathology ; Clone Cells/pathology ; Female ; Fluorescent Dyes/analysis ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/*drug therapy/genetics/*pathology ; Treatment Failure
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    Interferon-epsilon protects the female reproductive tract from viral and bacterial infection (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-03-02
    Description: The innate immune system senses pathogens through pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) that signal to induce effector cytokines, such as type I interferons (IFNs). We characterized IFN-epsilon as a type I IFN because it signaled via the Ifnar1 and Ifnar2 receptors to induce IFN-regulated genes. In contrast to other type I IFNs, IFN-epsilon was not induced by known PRR pathways; instead, IFN-epsilon was constitutively expressed by epithelial cells of the female reproductive tract (FRT) and was hormonally regulated. Ifn-epsilon-deficient mice had increased susceptibility to infection of the FRT by the common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) herpes simplex virus 2 and Chlamydia muridarum. Thus, IFN-epsilon is a potent antipathogen and immunoregulatory cytokine that may be important in combating STIs that represent a major global health and socioeconomic burden.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3617553/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3617553/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fung, Ka Yee -- Mangan, Niamh E -- Cumming, Helen -- Horvat, Jay C -- Mayall, Jemma R -- Stifter, Sebastian A -- De Weerd, Nicole -- Roisman, Laila C -- Rossjohn, Jamie -- Robertson, Sarah A -- Schjenken, John E -- Parker, Belinda -- Gargett, Caroline E -- Nguyen, Hong P T -- Carr, Daniel J -- Hansbro, Philip M -- Hertzog, Paul J -- R01 AI053108/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Mar 1;339(6123):1088-92. doi: 10.1126/science.1233321.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23449591" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Chlamydia Infections/genetics/*immunology ; *Chlamydia muridarum ; Estrogens/administration & dosage/immunology ; Female ; HEK293 Cells ; Herpes Genitalis/genetics/*immunology ; *Herpesvirus 2, Human ; Humans ; Interferons/genetics/*immunology ; Ligands ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/immunology ; Poly I-C/immunology ; Poly dA-dT/immunology ; Toll-Like Receptors/*immunology ; Uterus/immunology ; Vagina/*immunology/microbiology/virology
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    Standing up for GMOs (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alberts, Bruce -- Beachy, Roger -- Baulcombe, David -- Blobel, Gunter -- Datta, Swapan -- Fedoroff, Nina -- Kennedy, Donald -- Khush, Gurdev S -- Peacock, Jim -- Rees, Martin -- Sharp, Phillip -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Sep 20;341(6152):1320. doi: 10.1126/science.1245017.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24052276" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Carotenoids/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; *Oryza ; Philippines ; *Plants, Genetically Modified ; Seeds/chemistry/genetics ; Violence/*prevention & control ; Vitamin A/metabolism ; Vitamin A Deficiency/*prevention & control
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    Economics. Women, fertility, and the rise of modern capitalism (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-10-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alesina, Alberto -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Oct 25;342(6157):427-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1246228.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Economics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24159032" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Capitalism ; Europe ; Family/*history ; Female ; *Fertility ; History, Medieval ; Humans ; Income/history ; Marriage/history ; Plague/*history/mortality ; Women/*history ; Work/*history
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    Treatment as prevention, real world (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-02-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 22;339(6122):901. doi: 10.1126/science.339.6122.901.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23430630" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use ; *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; Female ; HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*prevention & control ; Humans ; Male ; *Rural Health
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    Multiple fitness peaks on the adaptive landscape drive adaptive radiation in the wild (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-12
    Description: The relationship between phenotype and fitness can be visualized as a rugged landscape. Multiple fitness peaks on this landscape are predicted to drive early bursts of niche diversification during adaptive radiation. We measured the adaptive landscape in a nascent adaptive radiation of Cyprinodon pupfishes endemic to San Salvador Island, Bahamas, and found multiple coexisting high-fitness regions driven by increased competition at high densities, supporting the early burst model. Hybrids resembling the generalist phenotype were isolated on a local fitness peak separated by a valley from a higher-fitness region corresponding to trophic specialization. This complex landscape could explain both the rarity of specialists across many similar environments due to stabilizing selection on generalists and the rapid morphological diversification rate of specialists due to their higher fitness.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Martin, Christopher H -- Wainwright, Peter C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jan 11;339(6116):208-11. doi: 10.1126/science.1227710.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Evolution and Ecology and Center for Population Biology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA. chmartin@ucdavis.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23307743" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological/*genetics ; Animals ; Bahamas ; *Biological Evolution ; Crosses, Genetic ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Female ; *Genetic Fitness ; Genetic Speciation ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Killifishes/*genetics/*physiology ; Lakes ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Phenotype ; Selection, Genetic
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    Evolution. Diverse crystals account for beetle sheen (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jul 12;341(6142):120. doi: 10.1126/science.341.6142.120.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23846885" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Color ; DNA/genetics ; Pigments, Biological/*chemistry ; Weevils/*anatomy & histology/*chemistry/genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Following the males' trail, 1.5 million years later (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balter, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 26;340(6131):426-7. doi: 10.1126/science.340.6131.426-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23620031" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anthropology, Physical/*history ; Female ; Foot/*anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Fossils ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Kenya ; Male ; Social Behavior/*history ; Walking/*history
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    Immunology. An interferon paradox (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Odorizzi, Pamela M -- Wherry, E John -- T32 AI007632/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 12;340(6129):155-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1237568.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Immunology and Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23580520" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arenaviridae Infections/*immunology/*virology ; Female ; Interferon Type I/*immunology/*metabolism ; Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus/*immunology/*physiology ; Male ; *Signal Transduction
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    Expanding the fluorine chemistry of living systems using engineered polyketide synthase pathways (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-07
    Description: Organofluorines represent a rapidly expanding proportion of molecules that are used in pharmaceuticals, diagnostics, agrochemicals, and materials. Despite the prevalence of fluorine in synthetic compounds, the known biological scope is limited to a single pathway that produces fluoroacetate. Here, we demonstrate that this pathway can be exploited as a source of fluorinated building blocks for introduction of fluorine into natural-product scaffolds. Specifically, we have constructed pathways involving two polyketide synthase systems, and we show that fluoroacetate can be used to incorporate fluorine into the polyketide backbone in vitro. We further show that fluorine can be inserted site-selectively and introduced into polyketide products in vivo. These results highlight the prospects for the production of complex fluorinated natural products using synthetic biology.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4057101/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4057101/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walker, Mark C -- Thuronyi, Benjamin W -- Charkoudian, Louise K -- Lowry, Brian -- Khosla, Chaitan -- Chang, Michelle C Y -- 1 DP2 OD008696/OD/NIH HHS/ -- 1 T32 GMO66698/PHS HHS/ -- 1S10RR023679-01/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- F32 CA137994/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM087934/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- S10 RR16634-01/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM066698/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Sep 6;341(6150):1089-94. doi: 10.1126/science.1242345.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-1460, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24009388" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Biological Products/chemistry/*metabolism ; Burkholderia/enzymology ; Coenzyme A Ligases/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Escherichia coli ; Fluoroacetates/chemistry/*metabolism ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polyketide Synthases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Polyketides/chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Engineering ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Streptomyces coelicolor/enzymology
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    Genetics. Simple genetics for a complex disease (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3839083/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3839083/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jonathan C -- Hobbs, Helen H -- P01 HL020948/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 10;340(6133):689-90. doi: 10.1126/science.1239101.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. jonathan.cohen@utsouthwestern.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23661745" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anticholesteremic Agents/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Cholesterol, LDL/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Coronary Disease/*drug therapy/metabolism/prevention & control ; Drug Design ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Humans ; Lipoproteins, LDL/metabolism ; *Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Proprotein Convertases/*antagonists & inhibitors/*genetics ; Proteolysis ; Receptors, LDL/metabolism ; Serine Endopeptidases/*genetics
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    Protection against malaria by intravenous immunization with a nonreplicating sporozoite vaccine (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-10
    Description: Consistent, high-level, vaccine-induced protection against human malaria has only been achieved by inoculation of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) sporozoites (SPZ) by mosquito bites. We report that the PfSPZ Vaccine--composed of attenuated, aseptic, purified, cryopreserved PfSPZ--was safe and well tolerated when administered four to six times intravenously (IV) to 40 adults. Zero of six subjects receiving five doses and three of nine subjects receiving four doses of 1.35 x 10(5) PfSPZ Vaccine and five of six nonvaccinated controls developed malaria after controlled human malaria infection (P = 0.015 in the five-dose group and P = 0.028 for overall, both versus controls). PfSPZ-specific antibody and T cell responses were dose-dependent. These data indicate that there is a dose-dependent immunological threshold for establishing high-level protection against malaria that can be achieved with IV administration of a vaccine that is safe and meets regulatory standards.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seder, Robert A -- Chang, Lee-Jah -- Enama, Mary E -- Zephir, Kathryn L -- Sarwar, Uzma N -- Gordon, Ingelise J -- Holman, LaSonji A -- James, Eric R -- Billingsley, Peter F -- Gunasekera, Anusha -- Richman, Adam -- Chakravarty, Sumana -- Manoj, Anita -- Velmurugan, Soundarapandian -- Li, MingLin -- Ruben, Adam J -- Li, Tao -- Eappen, Abraham G -- Stafford, Richard E -- Plummer, Sarah H -- Hendel, Cynthia S -- Novik, Laura -- Costner, Pamela J M -- Mendoza, Floreliz H -- Saunders, Jamie G -- Nason, Martha C -- Richardson, Jason H -- Murphy, Jittawadee -- Davidson, Silas A -- Richie, Thomas L -- Sedegah, Martha -- Sutamihardja, Awalludin -- Fahle, Gary A -- Lyke, Kirsten E -- Laurens, Matthew B -- Roederer, Mario -- Tewari, Kavita -- Epstein, Judith E -- Sim, B Kim Lee -- Ledgerwood, Julie E -- Graham, Barney S -- Hoffman, Stephen L -- VRC 312 Study Team -- 3R44AI055229-06S1/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- 4R44AI055229-08/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- 5R44AI058499-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- N01-AI-40096/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Sep 20;341(6152):1359-65. doi: 10.1126/science.1241800. Epub 2013 Aug 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA. rseder@mail.nih.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23929949" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administration, Intravenous ; Adult ; Animals ; Cytokines/immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Malaria Vaccines/*administration & dosage/adverse effects/*immunology ; Malaria, Falciparum/*prevention & control ; Male ; Mice ; Plasmodium falciparum/*immunology ; Sporozoites/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Vaccination/adverse effects/methods
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    Network-based diffusion analysis reveals cultural transmission of lobtail feeding in humpback whales (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-04-27
    Description: We used network-based diffusion analysis to reveal the cultural spread of a naturally occurring foraging innovation, lobtail feeding, through a population of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) over a period of 27 years. Support for models with a social transmission component was 6 to 23 orders of magnitude greater than for models without. The spatial and temporal distribution of sand lance, a prey species, was also important in predicting the rate of acquisition. Our results, coupled with existing knowledge about song traditions, show that this species can maintain multiple independently evolving traditions in its populations. These insights strengthen the case that cetaceans represent a peak in the evolution of nonhuman culture, independent of the primate lineage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Allen, Jenny -- Weinrich, Mason -- Hoppitt, Will -- Rendell, Luke -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 26;340(6131):485-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1231976.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sea Mammal Research Unit and Centre for Social Learning and Cognitive Evolution, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Fife, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23620054" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cultural Evolution ; *Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Humpback Whale/*psychology ; Male ; Population ; *Social Behavior ; Social Networking ; *Transfer (Psychology)
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    Evolution. Why male mammals are monogamous (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kappeler, Peter M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 2;341(6145):469-70. doi: 10.1126/science.1242001.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center (DPZ), and Department of Sociobiology/Anthropology, University of Gottingen, Gottingen, Germany. pkappel@gwdg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23908214" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Female ; Male ; *Marriage ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal
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    Insect morphological diversification through the modification of wing serial homologs (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-03-16
    Description: Fossil insects living some 300 million years ago show winglike pads on all thoracic and abdominal segments, which suggests their serial homology. It remains unclear whether winglike structures in nonwinged segments have been lost or modified through evolution. Here, we identified a ventral lateral part of the body wall on the first thoracic segment, the hypomeron, and pupal dorsolateral denticular outgrowths as wing serial homologs in the mealworm beetle Tenebrio molitor. Both domains transform into winglike structures under Hox RNA interference conditions. Gene expression and functional analyses revealed central roles for the key wing selector genes, vestigial and scalloped, in the hypomeron and the denticular outgrowth formation. We propose that modification, rather than loss, of dorsal appendages has provided an additional diversifying mechanism of insect body plan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ohde, Takahiro -- Yaginuma, Toshinobu -- Niimi, Teruyuki -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 26;340(6131):495-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1234219. Epub 2013 Mar 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23493422" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Genes, Homeobox/genetics ; Genes, Insect/genetics/physiology ; Larva/anatomy & histology/genetics/growth & development ; Molecular Sequence Data ; RNA Interference ; Tenebrio/*anatomy & histology/genetics/*growth & development ; Wings, Animal/*anatomy & histology/*growth & development
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    Response to comment on "The placental mammal ancestor and the post-K-Pg radiation of placentals" (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-10
    Description: Tree-building with diverse data maximizes explanatory power. Application of molecular clock models to ancient speciation events risks a bias against detection of fast radiations subsequent to the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) event. Contrary to Springer et al., post-K-Pg placental diversification does not require "virus-like" substitution rates. Even constraining clade ages to their model, the explosive model best explains placental evolution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Leary, Maureen A -- Bloch, Jonathan I -- Flynn, John J -- Gaudin, Timothy J -- Giallombardo, Andres -- Giannini, Norberto P -- Goldberg, Suzann L -- Kraatz, Brian P -- Luo, Zhe-Xi -- Meng, Jin -- Ni, Xijun -- Novacek, Michael J -- Perini, Fernando A -- Randall, Zachary -- Rougier, Guillermo W -- Sargis, Eric J -- Silcox, Mary T -- Simmons, Nancy B -- Spaulding, Michelle -- Velazco, Paul M -- Weksler, Marcelo -- Wible, John R -- Cirranello, Andrea L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 9;341(6146):613. doi: 10.1126/science.1238162.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anatomical Sciences, HSC T-8 (040), Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8081, USA. maureen.oleary@stonybrook.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23929968" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Female ; *Fossils ; *Mammals ; *Phylogeny ; Pregnancy
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    BigBrain: an ultrahigh-resolution 3D human brain model (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-22
    Description: Reference brains are indispensable tools in human brain mapping, enabling integration of multimodal data into an anatomically realistic standard space. Available reference brains, however, are restricted to the macroscopic scale and do not provide information on the functionally important microscopic dimension. We created an ultrahigh-resolution three-dimensional (3D) model of a human brain at nearly cellular resolution of 20 micrometers, based on the reconstruction of 7404 histological sections. "BigBrain" is a free, publicly available tool that provides considerable neuroanatomical insight into the human brain, thereby allowing the extraction of microscopic data for modeling and simulation. BigBrain enables testing of hypotheses on optimal path lengths between interconnected cortical regions or on spatial organization of genetic patterning, redefining the traditional neuroanatomy maps such as those of Brodmann and von Economo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Amunts, Katrin -- Lepage, Claude -- Borgeat, Louis -- Mohlberg, Hartmut -- Dickscheid, Timo -- Rousseau, Marc-Etienne -- Bludau, Sebastian -- Bazin, Pierre-Louis -- Lewis, Lindsay B -- Oros-Peusquens, Ana-Maria -- Shah, Nadim J -- Lippert, Thomas -- Zilles, Karl -- Evans, Alan C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 21;340(6139):1472-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1235381.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1, INM-4), Research Centre Julich, Julich, Germany. k.amunts@fz-juelich.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23788795" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Brain/*anatomy & histology/*cytology ; *Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/anatomy & histology/cytology ; Female ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; *Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Microtomy
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    Behavioral ecology. At home on the range: prairie rodents yield their secrets to a dogged observer (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-03-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Mar 8;339(6124):1136-7. doi: 10.1126/science.339.6124.1136.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23471380" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Distribution ; Animals ; *Competitive Behavior ; Female ; Male ; *Reproduction ; Sciuridae/*physiology ; *Territoriality
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    Gut microbiomes of Malawian twin pairs discordant for kwashiorkor (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-01
    Description: Kwashiorkor, an enigmatic form of severe acute malnutrition, is the consequence of inadequate nutrient intake plus additional environmental insults. To investigate the role of the gut microbiome, we studied 317 Malawian twin pairs during the first 3 years of life. During this time, half of the twin pairs remained well nourished, whereas 43% became discordant, and 7% manifested concordance for acute malnutrition. Both children in twin pairs discordant for kwashiorkor were treated with a peanut-based, ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF). Time-series metagenomic studies revealed that RUTF produced a transient maturation of metabolic functions in kwashiorkor gut microbiomes that regressed when administration of RUTF was stopped. Previously frozen fecal communities from several discordant pairs were each transplanted into gnotobiotic mice. The combination of Malawian diet and kwashiorkor microbiome produced marked weight loss in recipient mice, accompanied by perturbations in amino acid, carbohydrate, and intermediary metabolism that were only transiently ameliorated with RUTF. These findings implicate the gut microbiome as a causal factor in kwashiorkor.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3667500/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3667500/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, Michelle I -- Yatsunenko, Tanya -- Manary, Mark J -- Trehan, Indi -- Mkakosya, Rajhab -- Cheng, Jiye -- Kau, Andrew L -- Rich, Stephen S -- Concannon, Patrick -- Mychaleckyj, Josyf C -- Liu, Jie -- Houpt, Eric -- Li, Jia V -- Holmes, Elaine -- Nicholson, Jeremy -- Knights, Dan -- Ursell, Luke K -- Knight, Rob -- Gordon, Jeffrey I -- DK078669/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK30292/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- F32 DK091044/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P01 DK078669/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK056341/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK030292/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32 HD049338/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- T32-HD049338/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- T35 DK074375/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 1;339(6119):548-54. doi: 10.1126/science.1229000. Epub 2013 Jan 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23363771" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids/metabolism ; Animals ; Arachis ; Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Child, Preschool ; Diseases in Twins/*microbiology ; Feces/microbiology ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract/*microbiology ; Germ-Free Life ; Humans ; Infant ; Kwashiorkor/diet therapy/epidemiology/*microbiology ; Longitudinal Studies ; Malawi/epidemiology ; Male ; *Metagenome ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Distinguishable epidemics of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 in different hosts (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-14
    Description: The global epidemic of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 provides an important example, both in terms of the agent and its resistance, of a widely disseminated zoonotic pathogen. Here, with an unprecedented national collection of isolates collected contemporaneously from humans and animals and including a sample of internationally derived isolates, we have used whole-genome sequencing to dissect the phylogenetic associations of the bacterium and its antimicrobial resistance genes through the course of an epidemic. Contrary to current tenets supporting a single homogeneous epidemic, we demonstrate that the bacterium and its resistance genes were largely maintained within animal and human populations separately and that there was limited transmission, in either direction. We also show considerable variation in the resistance profiles, in contrast to the largely stable bacterial core genome, which emphasizes the critical importance of integrated genotypic data sets in understanding the ecology of bacterial zoonoses and antimicrobial resistance.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4012302/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4012302/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mather, A E -- Reid, S W J -- Maskell, D J -- Parkhill, J -- Fookes, M C -- Harris, S R -- Brown, D J -- Coia, J E -- Mulvey, M R -- Gilmour, M W -- Petrovska, L -- de Pinna, E -- Kuroda, M -- Akiba, M -- Izumiya, H -- Connor, T R -- Suchard, M A -- Lemey, P -- Mellor, D J -- Haydon, D T -- Thomson, N R -- 098051/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 260864/European Research Council/International -- AI107034/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HG006139/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI107034/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM086887/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG006139/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Sep 27;341(6153):1514-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1240578. Epub 2013 Sep 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24030491" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/*genetics ; Epidemics ; Genome, Bacterial ; *Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Salmonella Infections/epidemiology/*microbiology ; Salmonella Infections, Animal/epidemiology/*microbiology ; Salmonella typhimurium/*classification/drug effects/genetics ; Zoonoses/*microbiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Structural basis for molecular recognition at serotonin receptors (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-23
    Description: Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) regulates a wide spectrum of human physiology through the 5-HT receptor family. We report the crystal structures of the human 5-HT1B G protein-coupled receptor bound to the agonist antimigraine medications ergotamine and dihydroergotamine. The structures reveal similar binding modes for these ligands, which occupy the orthosteric pocket and an extended binding pocket close to the extracellular loops. The orthosteric pocket is formed by residues conserved in the 5-HT receptor family, clarifying the family-wide agonist activity of 5-HT. Compared with the structure of the 5-HT2B receptor, the 5-HT1B receptor displays a 3 angstrom outward shift at the extracellular end of helix V, resulting in a more open extended pocket that explains subtype selectivity. Together with docking and mutagenesis studies, these structures provide a comprehensive structural basis for understanding receptor-ligand interactions and designing subtype-selective serotonergic drugs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3644373/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3644373/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Chong -- Jiang, Yi -- Ma, Jinming -- Wu, Huixian -- Wacker, Daniel -- Katritch, Vsevolod -- Han, Gye Won -- Liu, Wei -- Huang, Xi-Ping -- Vardy, Eyal -- McCorvy, John D -- Gao, Xiang -- Zhou, X Edward -- Melcher, Karsten -- Zhang, Chenghai -- Bai, Fang -- Yang, Huaiyu -- Yang, Linlin -- Jiang, Hualiang -- Roth, Bryan L -- Cherezov, Vadim -- Stevens, Raymond C -- Xu, H Eric -- P50 GM073197/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA027170/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA27170/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK071662/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH061887/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH61887/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U19 MH082441/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U19 MH82441/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM094618/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Y1-CO-1020/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Y1-GM-1104/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 3;340(6132):610-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1232807. Epub 2013 Mar 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23519210" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dihydroergotamine/chemistry/*metabolism ; Ergotamine/chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Ligands ; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis ; Norfenfluramine/chemistry/metabolism ; Pindolol/analogs & derivatives/chemistry/metabolism ; Propranolol/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Serotonin 5-HT1 Receptor Agonists/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Tryptamines/chemistry/metabolism
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    Conserved regulation of cardiac calcium uptake by peptides encoded in small open reading frames (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-24
    Description: Small open reading frames (smORFs) are short DNA sequences that are able to encode small peptides of less than 100 amino acids. Study of these elements has been neglected despite thousands existing in our genomes. We and others previously showed that peptides as short as 11 amino acids are translated and provide essential functions during insect development. Here, we describe two peptides of less than 30 amino acids regulating calcium transport, and hence influencing regular muscle contraction, in the Drosophila heart. These peptides seem conserved for more than 550 million years in a range of species from flies to humans, in which they have been implicated in cardiac pathologies. Such conservation suggests that the mechanisms for heart regulation are ancient and that smORFs may be a fundamental genome component that should be studied systematically.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Magny, Emile G -- Pueyo, Jose Ignacio -- Pearl, Frances M G -- Cespedes, Miguel Angel -- Niven, Jeremy E -- Bishop, Sarah A -- Couso, Juan Pablo -- 087516/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Sep 6;341(6150):1116-20. doi: 10.1126/science.1238802. Epub 2013 Aug 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex BN1 9QG, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23970561" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Conserved Sequence ; Drosophila Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Evolution, Molecular ; Ion Transport ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muscle Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal/*metabolism ; *Myocardial Contraction ; Myocardium/*metabolism ; Open Reading Frames ; Peptides/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Transaldolase/genetics/metabolism
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    2013 Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology Annual Meeting. Nervous system may have evolved twice (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jan 25;339(6118):391. doi: 10.1126/science.339.6118.391-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23349266" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Brain/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Ctenophora/anatomy & histology/cytology/*genetics/physiology ; Genome ; Nervous System/anatomy & histology/cytology ; *Neurons/cytology/physiology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
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    A conserved mechanism for centromeric nucleosome recognition by centromere protein CENP-C (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-01
    Description: Chromosome segregation during mitosis requires assembly of the kinetochore complex at the centromere. Kinetochore assembly depends on specific recognition of the histone variant CENP-A in the centromeric nucleosome by centromere protein C (CENP-C). We have defined the determinants of this recognition mechanism and discovered that CENP-C binds a hydrophobic region in the CENP-A tail and docks onto the acidic patch of histone H2A and H2B. We further found that the more broadly conserved CENP-C motif uses the same mechanism for CENP-A nucleosome recognition. Our findings reveal a conserved mechanism for protein recruitment to centromeres and a histone recognition mode whereby a disordered peptide binds the histone tail through hydrophobic interactions facilitated by nucleosome docking.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3763809/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3763809/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kato, Hidenori -- Jiang, Jiansheng -- Zhou, Bing-Rui -- Rozendaal, Marieke -- Feng, Hanqiao -- Ghirlando, Rodolfo -- Xiao, T Sam -- Straight, Aaron F -- Bai, Yawen -- R01 GM074728/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Y1-CO-1020/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Y1-GM-1104/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- ZIA AI000960-07/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 31;340(6136):1110-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1235532.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23723239" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Autoantigens/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Centromere/*metabolism ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/genetics/*metabolism ; Conserved Sequence ; Drosophila ; Histones/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleosomes/*metabolism ; Protein Structure, Secondary
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    2013 Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology Annual Meeting. Eating was tough for early tetrapods (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jan 25;339(6118):390. doi: 10.1126/science.339.6118.390.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23349265" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Deglutition ; *Feeding Behavior ; Fishes/anatomy & histology/physiology ; *Fossils ; Jaw/*anatomy & histology ; Mouth/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Vertebrates/*anatomy & histology/*physiology
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    Erythropoietin derived by chemical synthesis (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-18
    Description: Erythropoietin is a signaling glycoprotein that controls the fundamental process of erythropoiesis, orchestrating the production and maintenance of red blood cells. As administrated clinically, erythropoietin has a polypeptide backbone with complex dishomogeneity in its carbohydrate domains. Here we describe the total synthesis of homogeneous erythropoietin with consensus carbohydrate domains incorporated at all of the native glycosylation sites. The oligosaccharide sectors were built by total synthesis and attached stereospecifically to peptidyl fragments of the wild-type primary sequence, themselves obtained by solid-phase peptide synthesis. The glycopeptidyl constructs were joined by chemical ligation, followed by metal-free dethiylation, and subsequently folded. This homogeneous erythropoietin glycosylated at the three wild-type aspartates with N-linked high-mannose sialic acid-containing oligosaccharides and O-linked glycophorin exhibits Procrit-level in vivo activity in mice.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4080428/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4080428/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Ping -- Dong, Suwei -- Shieh, Jae-Hung -- Peguero, Elizabeth -- Hendrickson, Ronald -- Moore, Malcolm A S -- Danishefsky, Samuel J -- HL025848/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA008748/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM109760/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL025848/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 13;342(6164):1357-60. doi: 10.1126/science.1245095.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24337294" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Aspartic Acid/chemistry ; Cells, Cultured ; Consensus Sequence ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Erythrocyte Count ; Erythropoietin/*administration & dosage/*chemical synthesis/chemistry ; Glycophorin/chemistry ; Glycosylation ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Mannose/chemistry ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Molecular Sequence Data ; N-Acetylneuraminic Acid/chemistry ; Oligosaccharides/chemistry ; Reticulocytes/drug effects
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    Antiviral RNA interference in mammalian cells (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-12
    Description: In antiviral RNA interference (RNAi), the DICER enzyme processes virus-derived double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that guide ARGONAUTE proteins to silence complementary viral RNA. As a counterdefense, viruses deploy viral suppressors of RNAi (VSRs). Well-established in plants and invertebrates, the existence of antiviral RNAi remains unknown in mammals. Here, we show that undifferentiated mouse cells infected with encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) or Nodamura virus (NoV) accumulate ~22-nucleotide RNAs with all the signature features of siRNAs. These derive from viral dsRNA replication intermediates, incorporate into AGO2, are eliminated in Dicer knockout cells, and decrease in abundance upon cell differentiation. Furthermore, genetically ablating a NoV-encoded VSR that antagonizes DICER during authentic infections reduces NoV accumulation, which is rescued in RNAi-deficient mouse cells. We conclude that antiviral RNAi operates in mammalian cells.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3853215/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3853215/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maillard, P V -- Ciaudo, C -- Marchais, A -- Li, Y -- Jay, F -- Ding, S W -- Voinnet, Olivier -- R01 AI052447/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM094396/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RC1 GM091896/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Oct 11;342(6155):235-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1241930.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH-Z), Zurich, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24115438" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Argonaute Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Cardiovirus Infections/*immunology ; Cell Line ; DEAD-box RNA Helicases/genetics/metabolism ; Encephalomyocarditis virus/genetics/*physiology ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nodaviridae/genetics/*physiology ; RNA Interference/*immunology ; RNA Virus Infections/*immunology ; RNA, Double-Stranded/genetics/*immunology/metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics/*immunology/metabolism ; RNA, Viral/genetics/*immunology/metabolism ; Ribonuclease III/genetics/metabolism ; Virus Replication
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    The human THAP9 gene encodes an active P-element DNA transposase (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-26
    Description: The human genome contains ~50 genes that were derived from transposable elements or transposons, and many are now integral components of cellular gene expression programs. The human THAP9 gene is related to the Drosophila P-element transposase. Here, we show that human THAP9 can mobilize Drosophila P-elements in both Drosophila and human cells. Chimeric proteins formed between the Drosophila P-element transposase N-terminal THAP DNA binding domain and the C-terminal regions of human THAP9 can also mobilize Drosophila P elements. Our results indicate that human THAP9 is an active DNA transposase that, although "domesticated," still retains the catalytic activity to mobilize P transposable elements across species.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3779457/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3779457/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Majumdar, Sharmistha -- Singh, Anita -- Rio, Donald C -- R01 GM048862/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM094890/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM097352/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM104385/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM094890/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM104385/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM48862/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM61987/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jan 25;339(6118):446-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1231789.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3204, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23349291" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; *DNA Transposable Elements ; Drosophila/genetics ; Genome, Human ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Transfection ; Transposases/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Evolution. How cooperation defeats cheats (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Spottiswoode, Claire N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 20;342(6165):1452-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1247758.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24357303" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aggression ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Breeding ; *Cooperative Behavior ; *Nesting Behavior ; Passeriformes/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The gene Sr33, an ortholog of barley Mla genes, encodes resistance to wheat stem rust race Ug99 (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-03
    Description: Wheat stem rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, afflicts bread wheat (Triticum aestivum). New virulent races collectively referred to as "Ug99" have emerged, which threaten global wheat production. The wheat gene Sr33, introgressed from the wild relative Aegilops tauschii into bread wheat, confers resistance to diverse stem rust races, including the Ug99 race group. We cloned Sr33, which encodes a coiled-coil, nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat protein. Sr33 is orthologous to the barley (Hordeum vulgare) Mla mildew resistance genes that confer resistance to Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. The wheat Sr33 gene functions independently of RAR1, SGT1, and HSP90 chaperones. Haplotype analysis from diverse collections of Ae. tauschii placed the origin of Sr33 resistance near the southern coast of the Caspian Sea.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Periyannan, Sambasivam -- Moore, John -- Ayliffe, Michael -- Bansal, Urmil -- Wang, Xiaojing -- Huang, Li -- Deal, Karin -- Luo, Mingcheng -- Kong, Xiuying -- Bariana, Harbans -- Mago, Rohit -- McIntosh, Robert -- Dodds, Peter -- Dvorak, Jan -- Lagudah, Evans -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 16;341(6147):786-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1239028. Epub 2013 Jun 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Plant Industry, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23811228" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; *Basidiomycota/pathogenicity ; Cloning, Molecular ; Disease Resistance/genetics ; *Genes, Plant ; Haplotypes ; Hordeum/genetics ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Molecular Chaperones/genetics/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Plant Diseases/genetics/*immunology/microbiology ; Plant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Plant Stems/microbiology ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Poaceae/*genetics ; Synteny ; Triticum/*genetics/*microbiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Technical comment on "The placental mammal ancestor and the post-K-Pg radiation of placentals" (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-10
    Description: O'Leary et al. (Research Article, 8 February 2013, p. 662) examined mammalian relationships and divergence times and concluded that a single placental ancestor crossed the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary. This conclusion relies on phylogenetic analyses that fail to discriminate between homology and homoplasy and further implies virus-like rates of nucleotide substitution in early Paleocene placentals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Springer, Mark S -- Meredith, Robert W -- Teeling, Emma C -- Murphy, William J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 9;341(6146):613. doi: 10.1126/science.1238025.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. mark.springer@ucr.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23929967" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Female ; *Fossils ; *Mammals ; *Phylogeny ; Pregnancy
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Structural basis for kinesin-1:cargo recognition (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-23
    Description: Kinesin-mediated cargo transport is required for many cellular functions and plays a key role in pathological processes. Structural information on how kinesins recognize their cargoes is required for a molecular understanding of this fundamental and ubiquitous process. Here, we present the crystal structure of the tetratricopeptide repeat domain of kinesin light chain 2 in complex with a cargo peptide harboring a "tryptophan-acidic" motif derived from SKIP (SifA-kinesin interacting protein), a critical host determinant in Salmonella pathogenesis and a regulator of lysosomal positioning. Structural data together with biophysical, biochemical, and cellular assays allow us to propose a framework for intracellular transport based on the binding by kinesin-1 of W-acidic cargo motifs through a combination of electrostatic interactions and sequence-specific elements, providing direct molecular evidence of the mechanisms for kinesin-1:cargo recognition.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3693442/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3693442/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pernigo, Stefano -- Lamprecht, Anneri -- Steiner, Roberto A -- Dodding, Mark P -- 097316/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 19;340(6130):356-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1234264. Epub 2013 Mar 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23519214" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Glycoproteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Tryptophan/chemistry/genetics/metabolism
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    Neutralizing tumor-promoting chronic inflammation: a magic bullet? (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-01-19
    Description: There have been substantial advances in cancer diagnostics and therapies in the past decade. Besides chemotherapeutic agents and radiation therapy, approaches now include targeting cancer cell-intrinsic mediators linked to genetic aberrations in cancer cells, in addition to cancer cell-extrinsic pathways, especially those regulating vascular programming of solid tumors. More recently, immunotherapeutics have entered the clinic largely on the basis of the recognition that several immune cell subsets, when chronically activated, foster tumor development. Here, we discuss clinical and experimental studies delineating protumorigenic roles for immune cell subsets that are players in cancer-associated inflammation. Some of these cells can be targeted to reprogram their function, leading to resolution, or at least neutralization, of cancer-promoting chronic inflammation, thereby facilitating cancer rejection.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3591506/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3591506/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coussens, Lisa M -- Zitvogel, Laurence -- Palucka, A Karolina -- R01 CA155331/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U54 CA163123/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jan 18;339(6117):286-91. doi: 10.1126/science.1232227.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA. coussenl@ohsu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23329041" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibodies/therapeutic use ; Breast Neoplasms/immunology/pathology ; Carcinoma, Ductal/immunology/pathology ; Chemokines/antagonists & inhibitors/immunology ; Chronic Disease ; Cytokines/antagonists & inhibitors/immunology ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Humans ; Immunotherapy/*methods ; Inflammation/*immunology/pathology/*therapy ; Leukocytes/*immunology ; Myeloid Cells/immunology ; Neoplasms/*immunology/pathology/*therapy
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    Preferential recognition of avian-like receptors in human influenza A H7N9 viruses (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-07
    Description: The 2013 outbreak of avian-origin H7N9 influenza in eastern China has raised concerns about its ability to transmit in the human population. The hemagglutinin glycoprotein of most human H7N9 viruses carries Leu(226), a residue linked to adaptation of H2N2 and H3N2 pandemic viruses to human receptors. However, glycan array analysis of the H7 hemagglutinin reveals negligible binding to humanlike alpha2-6-linked receptors and strong preference for a subset of avian-like alpha2-3-linked glycans recognized by all avian H7 viruses. Crystal structures of H7N9 hemagglutinin and six hemagglutinin-glycan complexes have elucidated the structural basis for preferential recognition of avian-like receptors. These findings suggest that the current human H7N9 viruses are poorly adapted for efficient human-to-human transmission.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3954636/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3954636/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xu, Rui -- de Vries, Robert P -- Zhu, Xueyong -- Nycholat, Corwin M -- McBride, Ryan -- Yu, Wenli -- Paulson, James C -- Wilson, Ian A -- GM62116/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41GM103393/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41RR001209/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R56 AI099275/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Y1-CO-1020/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Y1-GM-1104/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 6;342(6163):1230-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1243761.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24311689" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Birds ; Carbohydrate Conformation ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype/*metabolism/*pathogenicity ; Influenza in Birds/transmission/virology ; Influenza, Human/transmission/virology ; Ligands ; Microarray Analysis ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Polysaccharides/chemistry/*metabolism ; Receptors, Virus/chemistry/*metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism
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    Pandoraviruses: amoeba viruses with genomes up to 2.5 Mb reaching that of parasitic eukaryotes (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-23
    Description: Ten years ago, the discovery of Mimivirus, a virus infecting Acanthamoeba, initiated a reappraisal of the upper limits of the viral world, both in terms of particle size (〉0.7 micrometers) and genome complexity (〉1000 genes), dimensions typical of parasitic bacteria. The diversity of these giant viruses (the Megaviridae) was assessed by sampling a variety of aquatic environments and their associated sediments worldwide. We report the isolation of two giant viruses, one off the coast of central Chile, the other from a freshwater pond near Melbourne (Australia), without morphological or genomic resemblance to any previously defined virus families. Their micrometer-sized ovoid particles contain DNA genomes of at least 2.5 and 1.9 megabases, respectively. These viruses are the first members of the proposed "Pandoravirus" genus, a term reflecting their lack of similarity with previously described microorganisms and the surprises expected from their future study.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Philippe, Nadege -- Legendre, Matthieu -- Doutre, Gabriel -- Coute, Yohann -- Poirot, Olivier -- Lescot, Magali -- Arslan, Defne -- Seltzer, Virginie -- Bertaux, Lionel -- Bruley, Christophe -- Garin, Jerome -- Claverie, Jean-Michel -- Abergel, Chantal -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jul 19;341(6143):281-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1239181.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Structural and Genomic Information Laboratory, UMR 7256 CNRS Aix-Marseille Universite, 163 Avenue de Luminy, Case 934, 13288 Marseille cedex 9, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23869018" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amoeba/*virology ; Base Sequence ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Fresh Water/virology ; *Genome, Viral ; Mimiviridae/*classification/*genetics/isolation & purification/ultrastructure ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Proteomics ; Seawater/virology
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    Protein equilibration through somatic ring canals in Drosophila (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-05-25
    Description: Although intercellular bridges resulting from incomplete cytokinesis were discovered in somatic Drosophila tissues decades ago, the impact of these structures on intercellular communication and tissue biology is largely unknown. In this work, we demonstrate that the ~250-nanometer-diameter somatic ring canals permit diffusion of cytoplasmic contents between connected cells and across mitotic clone boundaries and enable the equilibration of protein between transcriptionally mosaic follicle cells in the Drosophila ovary. We obtained similar, although more restricted, results in the larval imaginal discs. Our work illustrates the lack of cytoplasmic autonomy in these tissues and suggests a role for somatic ring canals in promoting homogeneous protein expression within the tissue.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3819220/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3819220/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McLean, Peter F -- Cooley, Lynn -- GM043301/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM091791/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41 GM103313/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM043301/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RC1 GM091791/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007499/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 21;340(6139):1445-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1234887. Epub 2013 May 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23704373" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Cycle ; Cytoplasm/*metabolism ; Cytoplasmic Structures/*metabolism/*ultrastructure ; Diffusion ; Drosophila ; Drosophila Proteins/*metabolism ; Female ; Giant Cells/ultrastructure ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/*metabolism ; Imaginal Discs/*metabolism/*ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron ; Mitosis ; Ovarian Follicle/cytology/metabolism/ultrastructure ; *Protein Transport ; Recombination, Genetic ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transgenes
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    Evolution. How fisheries affect evolution (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-12-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Belgrano, Andrea -- Fowler, Charles W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 6;342(6163):1176-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1245490.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Marine Research, Turistgatan 5, SE-453 30 Lysekil, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24311669" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Body Size ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Fisheries/methods ; Fishes/anatomy & histology/*genetics/growth & development ; Phenotype ; Population Dynamics
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    The dizzying journey to a new cancer arsenal (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-07-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin-Frankel, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 28;340(6140):1514-8. doi: 10.1126/science.340.6140.1514.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23812696" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Engineering ; Child ; Female ; Genetic Engineering ; Humans ; Leukemia/*therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pennsylvania ; T-Lymphocytes/*transplantation ; Treatment Outcome
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    Cytomegalovirus vectors violate CD8+ T cell epitope recognition paradigms (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-25
    Description: CD8(+) T cell responses focus on a small fraction of pathogen- or vaccine-encoded peptides, and for some pathogens, these restricted recognition hierarchies limit the effectiveness of antipathogen immunity. We found that simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) protein-expressing rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV) vectors elicit SIV-specific CD8(+) T cells that recognize unusual, diverse, and highly promiscuous epitopes, including dominant responses to epitopes restricted by class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Induction of canonical SIV epitope-specific CD8(+) T cell responses is suppressed by the RhCMV-encoded Rh189 gene (corresponding to human CMV US11), and the promiscuous MHC class I- and class II-restricted CD8(+) T cell responses occur only in the absence of the Rh157.5, Rh157.4, and Rh157.6 (human CMV UL128, UL130, and UL131) genes. Thus, CMV vectors can be genetically programmed to achieve distinct patterns of CD8(+) T cell epitope recognition.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3816976/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3816976/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hansen, Scott G -- Sacha, Jonah B -- Hughes, Colette M -- Ford, Julia C -- Burwitz, Benjamin J -- Scholz, Isabel -- Gilbride, Roxanne M -- Lewis, Matthew S -- Gilliam, Awbrey N -- Ventura, Abigail B -- Malouli, Daniel -- Xu, Guangwu -- Richards, Rebecca -- Whizin, Nathan -- Reed, Jason S -- Hammond, Katherine B -- Fischer, Miranda -- Turner, John M -- Legasse, Alfred W -- Axthelm, Michael K -- Edlefsen, Paul T -- Nelson, Jay A -- Lifson, Jeffrey D -- Fruh, Klaus -- Picker, Louis J -- P01 AI094417/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P51 OD 011092/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI059457/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI060392/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U24 OD010850/OD/NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 24;340(6135):1237874. doi: 10.1126/science.1237874.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23704576" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Cytokines/immunology ; Cytomegalovirus/genetics/*immunology ; Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/*immunology ; Female ; Genetic Vectors/genetics/*immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics ; SAIDS Vaccines/administration & dosage/*immunology ; Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Cancer pharmacogenomics: early promise, but concerted effort needed (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-30
    Description: The past decade has brought together substantial advances in human genome analysis and a maturation of understanding of tumor biology. Although there is much progress still to be made, there are now several prominent examples in which tumor-associated somatic mutations have been used to identify cellular signaling pathways in tumors. This in turn has led to the development of targeted therapies, with somatic mutations serving as genomic predictors of tumor response and providing new leads for drug development. There is also a realization that germline DNA variants can help optimize cancer drug dosing and predict the susceptibility of patients to the adverse side effects of these drugs-knowledge that ultimately can be used to improve the benefit:risk ratio of cancer treatment for individual patients.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3900028/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3900028/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McLeod, Howard L -- P01 CA142538/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01CA142538/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA161608/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01HL110380/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR025747/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Mar 29;339(6127):1563-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1234139.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. hmcleod@unc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23539596" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Biomarkers, Pharmacological ; Biomarkers, Tumor/*genetics ; Drug Design ; Female ; Genetic Markers ; Genome, Human ; Germ-Line Mutation ; Humans ; *Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Neoplasms/*drug therapy/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Global health. The global prevalence of intimate partner violence against women (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Devries, K M -- Mak, J Y T -- Garcia-Moreno, C -- Petzold, M -- Child, J C -- Falder, G -- Lim, S -- Bacchus, L J -- Engell, R E -- Rosenfeld, L -- Pallitto, C -- Vos, T -- Abrahams, N -- Watts, C H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 28;340(6140):1527-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1240937. Epub 2013 Jun 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Gender Violence and Health Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK. karen.devries@lshtm.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23788730" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Global Health ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Primary Prevention/methods ; Spouse Abuse/*prevention & control/*statistics & numerical data
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 85
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    A secreted PTEN phosphatase that enters cells to alter signaling and survival (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-08
    Description: Phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome ten (PTEN) is a tumor suppressor and an antagonist of the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway. We identified a 576-amino acid translational variant of PTEN, termed PTEN-Long, that arises from an alternative translation start site 519 base pairs upstream of the ATG initiation sequence, adding 173 N-terminal amino acids to the normal PTEN open reading frame. PTEN-Long is a membrane-permeable lipid phosphatase that is secreted from cells and can enter other cells. As an exogenous agent, PTEN-Long antagonized PI3K signaling and induced tumor cell death in vitro and in vivo. By providing a means to restore a functional tumor-suppressor protein to tumor cells, PTEN-Long may have therapeutic uses.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3935617/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3935617/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hopkins, Benjamin D -- Fine, Barry -- Steinbach, Nicole -- Dendy, Meaghan -- Rapp, Zachary -- Shaw, Jacquelyn -- Pappas, Kyrie -- Yu, Jennifer S -- Hodakoski, Cindy -- Mense, Sarah -- Klein, Joshua -- Pegno, Sarah -- Sulis, Maria-Luisa -- Goldstein, Hannah -- Amendolara, Benjamin -- Lei, Liang -- Maurer, Matthew -- Bruce, Jeffrey -- Canoll, Peter -- Hibshoosh, Hanina -- Parsons, Ramon -- 2T32 CA09503/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA082783/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA097403/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA097403/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA082783/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA155117/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS066955/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS073610/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01NS066955/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA009503/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM008224/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jul 26;341(6144):399-402. doi: 10.1126/science.1234907. Epub 2013 Jun 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23744781" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; *Cell Survival ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; Glioblastoma/drug therapy/metabolism/pathology ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Peptide Chain Initiation, Translational ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Epigenetic regulation of mouse sex determination by the histone demethylase Jmjd1a (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-07
    Description: Developmental gene expression is defined through cross-talk between the function of transcription factors and epigenetic status, including histone modification. Although several transcription factors play crucial roles in mammalian sex determination, how epigenetic regulation contributes to this process remains unknown. We observed male-to-female sex reversal in mice lacking the H3K9 demethylase Jmjd1a and found that Jmjd1a regulates expression of the mammalian Y chromosome sex-determining gene Sry. Jmjd1a directly and positively controls Sry expression by regulating H3K9me2 marks. These studies reveal a pivotal role of histone demethylation in mammalian sex determination.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kuroki, Shunsuke -- Matoba, Shogo -- Akiyoshi, Mika -- Matsumura, Yasuko -- Miyachi, Hitoshi -- Mise, Nathan -- Abe, Kuniya -- Ogura, Atsuo -- Wilhelm, Dagmar -- Koopman, Peter -- Nozaki, Masami -- Kanai, Yoshiakira -- Shinkai, Yoichi -- Tachibana, Makoto -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Sep 6;341(6150):1106-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1239864.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Experimental Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin, Kawara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24009392" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Epididymis/abnormalities ; *Epigenesis, Genetic ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Histones/*metabolism ; Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases/genetics/*metabolism ; Male ; Methylation ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Mice, Transgenic ; Ovary/abnormalities/enzymology ; *Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Sex Determination Processes/*genetics ; Testis/abnormalities/enzymology ; Uterus/abnormalities
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Island of the snakes (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 6;342(6163):1166-7. doi: 10.1126/science.342.6163.1166.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24311659" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; *Colubridae/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Guam ; *Introduced Species ; Male ; Mice ; Pest Control ; Population Density
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 88
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    Widespread production of extracellular superoxide by heterotrophic bacteria (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-04
    Description: Superoxide and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) originate from several natural sources and profoundly influence numerous elemental cycles, including carbon and trace metals. In the deep ocean, the permanent absence of light precludes currently known ROS sources, yet ROS production mysteriously occurs. Here, we show that taxonomically and ecologically diverse heterotrophic bacteria from aquatic and terrestrial environments are a vast, unrecognized, and light-independent source of superoxide, and perhaps other ROS derived from superoxide. Superoxide production by a model bacterium within the ubiquitous Roseobacter clade involves an extracellular oxidoreductase that is stimulated by the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), suggesting a surprising homology with eukaryotic organisms. The consequences of ROS cycling in immense aphotic zones representing key sites of nutrient regeneration and carbon export must now be considered, including potential control of carbon remineralization and metal bioavailability.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Diaz, Julia M -- Hansel, Colleen M -- Voelker, Bettina M -- Mendes, Chantal M -- Andeer, Peter F -- Zhang, Tong -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 7;340(6137):1223-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1237331. Epub 2013 May 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23641059" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Carbon Cycle ; *Heterotrophic Processes ; Mercury/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NAD/metabolism ; Oxidoreductases/metabolism ; Phylogeny ; Roseobacter/classification/*metabolism ; Superoxides/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    China's rapid urbanization (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yang, X Jin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Oct 18;342(6156):310. doi: 10.1126/science.342.6156.310-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24136949" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Animal Diseases/epidemiology ; Animals ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Plant Diseases/statistics & numerical data ; Rural Population/statistics & numerical data/trends ; Transients and Migrants/statistics & numerical data ; Unemployment/statistics & numerical data/trends ; Urban Population/statistics & numerical data/*trends ; Urbanization/*trends
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 90
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    Evolution. What, where, and when? (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Knapp, Sandra -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Sep 13;341(6151):1182-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1240880. Epub 2013 Aug 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Natural History Museum, London, UK. s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23989953" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Distribution ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; History, 19th Century ; Phylogeography/*history ; *Selection, Genetic
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  • 91
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    Structural reorganization of the Toll-like receptor 8 dimer induced by agonistic ligands (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-23
    Description: Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and TLR8 recognize single-stranded RNA and initiate innate immune responses. Several synthetic agonists of TLR7-TLR8 display novel therapeutic potential; however, the molecular basis for ligand recognition and activation of signaling by TLR7 or TLR8 is largely unknown. In this study, the crystal structures of unliganded and ligand-induced activated human TLR8 dimers were elucidated. Ligand recognition was mediated by a dimerization interface formed by two protomers. Upon ligand stimulation, the TLR8 dimer was reorganized such that the two C termini were brought into proximity. The loop between leucine-rich repeat 14 (LRR14) and LRR15 was cleaved; however, the N- and C-terminal halves remained associated and contributed to ligand recognition and dimerization. Thus, ligand binding induces reorganization of the TLR8 dimer, which enables downstream signaling processes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tanji, Hiromi -- Ohto, Umeharu -- Shibata, Takuma -- Miyake, Kensuke -- Shimizu, Toshiyuki -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Mar 22;339(6126):1426-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1229159.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23520111" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Imidazoles/chemistry/*metabolism ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Quinolines/chemistry/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Thiazoles/chemistry/*metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptor 8/*agonists/*chemistry/metabolism
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  • 92
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    High coverage of ART associated with decline in risk of HIV acquisition in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-23
    Description: The landmark HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 052 trial in HIV-discordant couples demonstrated unequivocally that treatment with antiretroviral therapy (ART) substantially lowers the probability of HIV transmission to the HIV-uninfected partner. However, it has been vigorously debated whether substantial population-level reductions in the rate of new HIV infections could be achieved in "real-world" sub-Saharan African settings where stable, cohabiting couples are often not the norm and where considerable operational challenges exist to the successful and sustainable delivery of treatment and care to large numbers of patients. We used data from one of Africa's largest population-based prospective cohort studies (in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa) to follow up a total of 16,667 individuals who were HIV-uninfected at baseline, observing individual HIV seroconversions over the period 2004 to 2011. Holding other key HIV risk factors constant, individual HIV acquisition risk declined significantly with increasing ART coverage in the surrounding local community. For example, an HIV-uninfected individual living in a community with high ART coverage (30 to 40% of all HIV-infected individuals on ART) was 38% less likely to acquire HIV than someone living in a community where ART coverage was low (〈10% of all HIV-infected individuals on ART).〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4255272/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4255272/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tanser, Frank -- Barnighausen, Till -- Grapsa, Erofili -- Zaidi, Jaffer -- Newell, Marie-Louise -- 082384/Z/07/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 097410/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 1R01-HD058482-01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD058482/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 22;339(6122):966-71. doi: 10.1126/science.1228160.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. tanserf@africacentre.ac.za〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23430656" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use ; *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; Delivery of Health Care ; Female ; HIV Infections/*drug therapy/epidemiology/*prevention & control/transmission ; HIV Seropositivity ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; *Rural Health ; South Africa/epidemiology ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Neuroscience. Why adults need new brain cells (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bergmann, Olaf -- Frisen, Jonas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 10;340(6133):695-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1237976.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23661750" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; Female ; Hippocampus/*embryology ; *Individuality ; Male ; *Neurogenesis ; Neuronal Plasticity/*genetics
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    Mechanisms of age-dependent response to winter temperature in perennial flowering of Arabis alpina (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-01
    Description: Perennial plants live for more than 1 year and flower only after an extended vegetative phase. We used Arabis alpina, a perennial relative of annual Arabidopsis thaliana, to study how increasing age and exposure to winter cold (vernalization) coordinate to establish competence to flower. We show that the APETALA2 transcription factor, a target of microRNA miR172, prevents flowering before vernalization. Additionally, miR156 levels decline as A. alpina ages, causing increased production of SPL (SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN LIKE) transcription factors and ensuring that flowering occurs in response to cold. The age at which plants respond to vernalization can be altered by manipulating miR156 levels. Although miR156 and miR172 levels are uncoupled in A. alpina, miR156 abundance represents the timer controlling age-dependent flowering responses to cold.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bergonzi, Sara -- Albani, Maria C -- Ver Loren van Themaat, Emiel -- Nordstrom, Karl J V -- Wang, Renhou -- Schneeberger, Korbinian -- Moerland, Perry D -- Coupland, George -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 31;340(6136):1094-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1234116.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23723236" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabis/genetics/*physiology ; *Cold Temperature ; Flowers/genetics/*physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; MicroRNAs/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *Seasons ; Time Factors ; Transcription Factors/classification/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Evolution. Fossils versus clocks (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yoder, Anne D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 8;339(6120):656-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1233999.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA. anne.yoder@duke.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23393254" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Female ; *Fossils ; *Mammals ; *Phylogeny ; Pregnancy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Leveling the playing field (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McNutt, Marcia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jul 26;341(6144):317. doi: 10.1126/science.1242309.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23888005" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Career Choice ; Career Mobility ; *Engineering/manpower ; Female ; Humans ; Medicine ; National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) ; Organizations ; *Science/manpower ; United States ; *Women, Working
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Anthropology. Latest skirmish over ancestral violence strikes blow for peace (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Culotta, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jul 19;341(6143):224. doi: 10.1126/science.341.6143.224.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23868993" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aggression/*psychology ; Agriculture/*history ; Animal Husbandry/*history ; Female ; Homicide/*psychology ; Humans ; Male ; *Warfare
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
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    Amplifying genetic logic gates (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-30
    Description: Organisms must process information encoded via developmental and environmental signals to survive and reproduce. Researchers have also engineered synthetic genetic logic to realize simpler, independent control of biological processes. We developed a three-terminal device architecture, termed the transcriptor, that uses bacteriophage serine integrases to control the flow of RNA polymerase along DNA. Integrase-mediated inversion or deletion of DNA encoding transcription terminators or a promoter modulates transcription rates. We realized permanent amplifying AND, NAND, OR, XOR, NOR, and XNOR gates actuated across common control signal ranges and sequential logic supporting autonomous cell-cell communication of DNA encoding distinct logic-gate states. The single-layer digital logic architecture developed here enables engineering of amplifying logic gates to control transcription rates within and across diverse organisms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bonnet, Jerome -- Yin, Peter -- Ortiz, Monica E -- Subsoontorn, Pakpoom -- Endy, Drew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 3;340(6132):599-603. doi: 10.1126/science.1232758. Epub 2013 Mar 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Bioengineering, Y2E2-269B, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305-4201, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23539178" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteriophage M13/genetics ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; *Gene Regulatory Networks ; *Genetic Engineering ; Integrases/genetics/metabolism ; Logic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Plasmids ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Recombination, Genetic ; Sequence Deletion ; Sequence Inversion ; Transcription Termination, Genetic ; *Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Persistent LCMV infection is controlled by blockade of type I interferon signaling (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-13
    Description: During persistent viral infections, chronic immune activation, negative immune regulator expression, an elevated interferon signature, and lymphoid tissue destruction correlate with disease progression. We demonstrated that blockade of type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling using an IFN-I receptor neutralizing antibody reduced immune system activation, decreased expression of negative immune regulatory molecules, and restored lymphoid architecture in mice persistently infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. IFN-I blockade before and after establishment of persistent virus infection resulted in enhanced virus clearance and was CD4 T cell-dependent. Hence, we demonstrate a direct causal link between IFN-I signaling, immune activation, negative immune regulator expression, lymphoid tissue disorganization, and virus persistence. Our results suggest that therapies targeting IFN-I may help control persistent virus infections.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3640797/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3640797/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Teijaro, John R -- Ng, Cherie -- Lee, Andrew M -- Sullivan, Brian M -- Sheehan, Kathleen C F -- Welch, Megan -- Schreiber, Robert D -- de la Torre, Juan Carlos -- Oldstone, Michael B A -- AI007354/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI047140/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI077719/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI09484/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA43059/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HL007195/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- NS041219/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI009484/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI047140/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI077719/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U54 AI057160/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U54AI057160/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 12;340(6129):207-11. doi: 10.1126/science.1235214.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23580529" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Antigens, CD274/metabolism ; Arenaviridae Infections/*immunology/pathology/*virology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Dendritic Cells/immunology/virology ; Female ; Immune Tolerance ; Interferon Type I/immunology/*metabolism ; Interleukin-10/metabolism ; Lymphocytes/immunology/virology ; Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus/*immunology/*physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/immunology/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Spleen/immunology/pathology ; Viremia
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    CRL4 complex regulates mammalian oocyte survival and reprogramming by activation of TET proteins (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-21
    Description: The duration of a woman's reproductive period is determined by the size and persistence of a dormant oocyte pool. Specific oocyte genes are essential for follicle maintenance and female fertility. The mechanisms that regulate the expression of these genes are poorly understood. We found that a cullin-ring finger ligase-4 (CRL4) complex was crucial in this process. Oocyte-specific deletion of the CRL4 linker protein DDB1 or its substrate adaptor VPRBP (also known as DCAF1) caused rapid oocyte loss, premature ovarian insufficiency, and silencing of fertility maintaining genes. CRL4(VPRBP) activates the TET methylcytosine dioxygenases, which are involved in female germ cell development and zygote genome reprogramming. Hence, CRL4(VPRBP) ubiquitin ligase is a guardian of female reproductive life in germ cells and a maternal reprogramming factor after fertilization.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yu, Chao -- Zhang, Yin-Li -- Pan, Wei-Wei -- Li, Xiao-Meng -- Wang, Zhong-Wei -- Ge, Zhao-Jia -- Zhou, Jian-Jie -- Cang, Yong -- Tong, Chao -- Sun, Qing-Yuan -- Fan, Heng-Yu -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 20;342(6165):1518-21. doi: 10.1126/science.1244587.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24357321" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Survival/genetics/physiology ; Cellular Reprogramming/*genetics ; Cullin Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Dioxygenases/genetics/*metabolism ; Female ; Fertility/*genetics ; Gene Silencing ; Gonadal Dysgenesis/genetics ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Oocytes/*physiology ; Ovary/physiopathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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