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  • 1
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    Development and application of compact and on-chip electron linear accelerators for dynamic tracking cancer therapy and DNA damage/repair analysis (2015)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-11
    Description: We are developing compact electron linear accelerators (hereafter linac) with high RF (Radio Frequency) frequency (9.3 GHz, wavelength 32.3 mm) of X-band and applying to medicine and non-destructive testing. Especially, potable 950 keV and 3.95 MeV linac X-ray sources have been developed for on-site transmission testing at several industrial plants and civil infrastructures including bridges. 6 MeV linac have been made for pinpoint X-ray dynamic tracking cancer therapy. The length of the accelerating tube is ∼600 mm. The electron beam size at the X-ray target is less than 1 mm and X-ray spot size at the cancer is less than 3 mm. Several hardware and software are under construction for dynamic tracking therapy for moving lung cancer. Moreover, as an ultimate compact linac, we are designing and manufacturing a laser dielectric linac of ∼1 MeV with Yr fiber laser (283 THz, wavelength 1.06 pm). Since the wavelength is 1.06 μm, the length of one accelerating strcture is tens pm and th...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 2
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    Numerical simulation of fluid flow through random packs of polydisperse cylinders (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-12
    Description: The macroscopic properties of two-dimensional random periodic packs of polydisperse cylinders are investigated by means of numerical methods. We solve the unsteady, two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations on a staggered Cartesian grid and use the immersed boundary method to treat internal flow boundaries. The effects of porosity, polydispersity, and Reynolds numbers on the macroscopic permeability are studied. For small Reynolds numbers, we show that the permeability can be correlated to the underlying microstructure by means of a suitably defined statistical descriptor, the mean shortest Delaunay edge. With proper scaling, the results for polydisperse cylinders collapse onto the data for monodisperse cylinders, which can then be fitted with a universal curve. We also carry out a statistical analysis of the permeability computed for 500 samples and show that rare events, where the permeability lies outside the mean plus/minus three times the standard deviation, are possible. Finally, for larger Reynolds numbers, we show that a modified Forchheimer equation can characterize the flow.
    Print ISSN: 1070-6631
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7666
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 3
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    Epigenetic regulation of mouse sex determination by the histone demethylase Jmjd1a (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-07
    Description: Developmental gene expression is defined through cross-talk between the function of transcription factors and epigenetic status, including histone modification. Although several transcription factors play crucial roles in mammalian sex determination, how epigenetic regulation contributes to this process remains unknown. We observed male-to-female sex reversal in mice lacking the H3K9 demethylase Jmjd1a and found that Jmjd1a regulates expression of the mammalian Y chromosome sex-determining gene Sry. Jmjd1a directly and positively controls Sry expression by regulating H3K9me2 marks. These studies reveal a pivotal role of histone demethylation in mammalian sex determination.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kuroki, Shunsuke -- Matoba, Shogo -- Akiyoshi, Mika -- Matsumura, Yasuko -- Miyachi, Hitoshi -- Mise, Nathan -- Abe, Kuniya -- Ogura, Atsuo -- Wilhelm, Dagmar -- Koopman, Peter -- Nozaki, Masami -- Kanai, Yoshiakira -- Shinkai, Yoichi -- Tachibana, Makoto -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Sep 6;341(6150):1106-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1239864.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Experimental Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin, Kawara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24009392" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Epididymis/abnormalities ; *Epigenesis, Genetic ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Histones/*metabolism ; Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases/genetics/*metabolism ; Male ; Methylation ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Mice, Transgenic ; Ovary/abnormalities/enzymology ; *Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Sex Determination Processes/*genetics ; Testis/abnormalities/enzymology ; Uterus/abnormalities
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Asymmetric autocatalysis triggered by carbon isotope (13C/12C) chirality (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-28
    Description: Many apparently achiral organic molecules on Earth may be chiral because of random substitution of the 1.11% naturally abundant 13C for 12C in an enantiotopic moiety within the structure. However, chirality from this source is experimentally difficult to discern because of the very small difference between 13C and 12C. We have demonstrated that this small difference can be amplified to an easily seen experimental outcome using asymmetric autocatalysis. In the reaction between pyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde and diisopropylzinc, addition of chiral molecules in large enantiomeric excess that are, however, chiral only by virtue of isotope substitution causes a slight enantiomeric excess in the zinc alkoxide of the produced pyrimidyl alkanol. Asymmetric autocatalysis then leads to pyrimidyl alcohol with a large enantiomeric excess. The sense of enantiomeric excess of the product alcohol varies consistently with the sense of the excess enantiomer of the carbon isotopically chiral compound.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kawasaki, Tsuneomi -- Matsumura, Yukari -- Tsutsumi, Takashi -- Suzuki, Kenta -- Ito, Masateru -- Soai, Kenso -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 24;324(5926):492-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1170322. Epub 2009 Mar 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19325079" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Variations in phytoplankton photo-physiology and productivity in a dynamic eutrophic ecosystem: a fast repetition rate fluorometer-based study (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-08
    Description: We investigated the photoacclimation state and photosynthetic rate of cells in the highly eutrophic upper Gulf of Thailand (UGOT), using fast repetition rate (FRR) fluorometry. Observations revealed differences in photosystem II (PSII) parameters: the maximum photochemical quantum efficiency of PSII ( F v /F m ), the functional absorption cross-section of PSII ( PSII ) and the rate of reoxidation of the primary PSII electron acceptor (1/ Qa ), which were dependent on the hydrographic structure of the water column. FRR-derived parameters were used to estimate the chlorophyll a -normalized, photosynthetic rate ( P B ); the photosynthesis vs. irradiance ( P – E ) curves were derived from in situ P B profiles. The P – E parameters differed markedly between the upper stratified waters and the mixed water column; that is, the maximum photosynthetic rate $P_{{\rm max}}^{\rm B} $ and the light saturation parameter ( E k ) were higher in the upper stratified waters, while the initial slope of the P – E curve ( α ) was higher in the mixed waters. This indicates that cells acclimated to relatively bright light dominated the upper stratified waters, while cells acclimated to lower light dominated the mixed waters. A significant, positive relationship was found between the average P B in the euphotic zone and surface photosynthetically available radiation, from all profiles at both sampling sites, which suggests that phytoplankton photosynthesis in the UGOT was controlled primarily by irradiance. Furthermore, as stress from nutrient-limitation is unlikely in the UGOT, cells might realize their photosynthetic potential by means of photoacclimation, even under the different light regimes present in the UGOT.
    Print ISSN: 0142-7873
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3774
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 6
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    Numerical simulation of fluid flow through random packs of ellipses (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-06
    Description: The effect of particle shape on permeability is investigated by means of numerical methods of fluid flow through two-dimensional, periodic, random packs of ellipses. We solve the unsteady Navier-Stokes equations on a Cartesian grid and use the immersed boundary method to treat internal flow boundaries. The effect of porosity, aspect ratio, and Reynolds number on the macroscopic permeability and tortuosity is studied. For small Reynolds numbers, it is shown that an area-preserving deformation of a pack of disks, generating a pack of ellipses, can lead to significant variations in the permeability. However, if the ellipses are randomly packed, so that the alignment of their axes is random, the shape effect is small. Irrespective of orientation, the aspect ratio has a strong effect on the tortuosity at all values of the porosity. We also show that the parameters in the Carman-Kozeny equation are not constant but are functions of porosity and aspect ratio. For larger Reynolds numbers, we show results for random packs of bidisperse and polydisperse cylinders, as well as for ellipses. We find that a modified Forchheimer equation can well characterize the flow.
    Print ISSN: 1070-6631
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7666
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electroorganic chemistry. XX. Anodic oxidation of carbamates (1975)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 97 (1975), S. 4264-4268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00848a020
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The isolation and identification of 2-amino-3-hydroxyacetophenone from the urine of rats (1970)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 26 (1970), S. 828-829 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 2-Amino-3-hydroxyacetophenon wurde aus Rattenharn nach Verabreichung vonl-Tryptophan isoliert und identifiziert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02114200
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of the basolateral potassium conductance of theNecturus proximal tubule (1984)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 79 (1984), S. 153-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: potassium conductance ; basolateral membrane ; Necturus ; proximal tubule ; sodium-potassium pump
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Two methods, the measurement of the response of the basolateral membrane potential (V bl) of proximal tubule cells ofNecturus to step changes in basolateral K+ concentration, and cellular cable analysis, were used to assess the changes in basolateral potassium conductance (G K) caused by a variety of maneuvers. The effects of some of these maneuvers on intracellular K+ activity (a K i ) were also evaluated using double-barreled ion-selective electrodes. Perfusion with 0mm K+ basolateral solution for 15 min followed by 45 min of 1mm K+ solution resulted in a fall in basolateral potassium (apparent) transference number (t K),V bl anda K i . Results of cable analysis showed that total basolateral resistance,R b , rose. The electrophysiological effects of additional manipulations, known to inhibit net sodium reabsorption across the proximal tubular epithelium ofNecturus, were also investigated. Ouabain caused a fall int K accompanied by large decreases ina K i andV bl. Lowering luminal sodium caused a fall int K and a small reduction inV bl. Selective reduction of peritubular sodium, a maneuver that has been shown to block sodium transport from lumen to peritubular fluid, also resulted in a significant decrease int K. These results suggest thatG K varies directly with rate of transport of the sodium pump, irrespective of the mechanism of change in pump turnover.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01872119
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrical effects of potassium and bicarbonate on proximal tubule cells ofNecturus (1984)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 79 (1984), S. 145-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: bicarbonate ; Necturus ; proximal tubule ; basolateral membrane ; electrical properties ; transference numbers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The effects of stepwise concentration changes of K+ and HCO 3 − in the basolateral solution on the basolateral membrane potential (V bl) of proximal tubule cells of the doubly-perfusedNecturus kidney were examined using conventional microelectrodes. Apparent transference numbers were calculated from changes inV bl after alterations in external K+ concentration from 1.0 to 2.5mm (t K, 1.0–2.5), 2.5 to 10, and in external HCO 3 − concentration (at constant pH) from 5 to 10mm (t HCO3, 5–10), 10 to 20, or 10 to 50.t K, 2.5–10 was 0.38±0.02 under control conditions but was sharply reduced to 0.08±0.03 (P〉0.001) by 4mm Ba++. This concentration of Ba++ reducedV bl by 9±1 mV (at 2.5 external K+). Perfusion with SITS (5×10−4 m) for 1 hr hyperpolarizedV bl by 10±3 mV and increasedt K, 2.5–10 significantly to 0.52±0.01 (P〈0.001). Ba++ application in the presence of SITS depolarizedV bl by 22±3 mV. In control conditionst HCO3, 10–50 was 0.63±0.05 and was increased to 0.89±0.07 (P〈0.01) by Ba++ but was decreased to 0.14±0.02 (P〈0.001) by SITS. In the absence of apical and basolateral chloride, the response ofV bl to bicarbonate was diminished but still present (t HCO3, 10–20 was 0.35±0.03). Intracellular pH, measured with liquid ion-exchange microelectrodes, increased from 7.42±0.19 to 7.57±0.17 (P〈0.02) when basolateral bicarbonate was increased from 10 to 20mm at constant pH. These data show that the effects of bicarbonate onV bl are largely independent of effects on the K+ conductance and that there is a significant current-carrying bicarbonate pathway in the basolateral membrane. Hence, both K+ and HCO 3 − gradients are important in the generation ofV bl, and their relative effects vary reciprocally.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01872118
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