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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2013-02-01
    Description: Kwashiorkor, an enigmatic form of severe acute malnutrition, is the consequence of inadequate nutrient intake plus additional environmental insults. To investigate the role of the gut microbiome, we studied 317 Malawian twin pairs during the first 3 years of life. During this time, half of the twin pairs remained well nourished, whereas 43% became discordant, and 7% manifested concordance for acute malnutrition. Both children in twin pairs discordant for kwashiorkor were treated with a peanut-based, ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF). Time-series metagenomic studies revealed that RUTF produced a transient maturation of metabolic functions in kwashiorkor gut microbiomes that regressed when administration of RUTF was stopped. Previously frozen fecal communities from several discordant pairs were each transplanted into gnotobiotic mice. The combination of Malawian diet and kwashiorkor microbiome produced marked weight loss in recipient mice, accompanied by perturbations in amino acid, carbohydrate, and intermediary metabolism that were only transiently ameliorated with RUTF. These findings implicate the gut microbiome as a causal factor in kwashiorkor.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3667500/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3667500/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, Michelle I -- Yatsunenko, Tanya -- Manary, Mark J -- Trehan, Indi -- Mkakosya, Rajhab -- Cheng, Jiye -- Kau, Andrew L -- Rich, Stephen S -- Concannon, Patrick -- Mychaleckyj, Josyf C -- Liu, Jie -- Houpt, Eric -- Li, Jia V -- Holmes, Elaine -- Nicholson, Jeremy -- Knights, Dan -- Ursell, Luke K -- Knight, Rob -- Gordon, Jeffrey I -- DK078669/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK30292/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- F32 DK091044/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P01 DK078669/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK056341/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK030292/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32 HD049338/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- T32-HD049338/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- T35 DK074375/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 1;339(6119):548-54. doi: 10.1126/science.1229000. Epub 2013 Jan 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23363771" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids/metabolism ; Animals ; Arachis ; Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Child, Preschool ; Diseases in Twins/*microbiology ; Feces/microbiology ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract/*microbiology ; Germ-Free Life ; Humans ; Infant ; Kwashiorkor/diet therapy/epidemiology/*microbiology ; Longitudinal Studies ; Malawi/epidemiology ; Male ; *Metagenome ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2012-06-16
    Description: Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3376388/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3376388/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yatsunenko, Tanya -- Rey, Federico E -- Manary, Mark J -- Trehan, Indi -- Dominguez-Bello, Maria Gloria -- Contreras, Monica -- Magris, Magda -- Hidalgo, Glida -- Baldassano, Robert N -- Anokhin, Andrey P -- Heath, Andrew C -- Warner, Barbara -- Reeder, Jens -- Kuczynski, Justin -- Caporaso, J Gregory -- Lozupone, Catherine A -- Lauber, Christian -- Clemente, Jose Carlos -- Knights, Dan -- Knight, Rob -- Gordon, Jeffrey I -- DK078669/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- K01 DK090285/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- K05 AA017688/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DK078669/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P01 DK078669-05/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32 HD049338-06/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- T32-HD049338/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 May 9;486(7402):222-7. doi: 10.1038/nature11053.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22699611" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Bacteria/*classification/*genetics ; *Biodiversity ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Feces/microbiology ; Female ; Geography ; Humans ; Infant ; Intestines/*microbiology ; Malawi ; Male ; *Metagenome ; Middle Aged ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Twins, Dizygotic ; Twins, Monozygotic ; United States ; Venezuela ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2013-11-29
    Description: Achieving the goal of malaria elimination will depend on targeting Plasmodium pathways essential across all life stages. Here we identify a lipid kinase, phosphatidylinositol-4-OH kinase (PI(4)K), as the target of imidazopyrazines, a new antimalarial compound class that inhibits the intracellular development of multiple Plasmodium species at each stage of infection in the vertebrate host. Imidazopyrazines demonstrate potent preventive, therapeutic, and transmission-blocking activity in rodent malaria models, are active against blood-stage field isolates of the major human pathogens P. falciparum and P. vivax, and inhibit liver-stage hypnozoites in the simian parasite P. cynomolgi. We show that imidazopyrazines exert their effect through inhibitory interaction with the ATP-binding pocket of PI(4)K, altering the intracellular distribution of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate. Collectively, our data define PI(4)K as a key Plasmodium vulnerability, opening up new avenues of target-based discovery to identify drugs with an ideal activity profile for the prevention, treatment and elimination of malaria.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3940870/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3940870/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McNamara, Case W -- Lee, Marcus C S -- Lim, Chek Shik -- Lim, Siau Hoi -- Roland, Jason -- Nagle, Advait -- Simon, Oliver -- Yeung, Bryan K S -- Chatterjee, Arnab K -- McCormack, Susan L -- Manary, Micah J -- Zeeman, Anne-Marie -- Dechering, Koen J -- Kumar, T R Santha -- Henrich, Philipp P -- Gagaring, Kerstin -- Ibanez, Maureen -- Kato, Nobutaka -- Kuhen, Kelli L -- Fischli, Christoph -- Rottmann, Matthias -- Plouffe, David M -- Bursulaya, Badry -- Meister, Stephan -- Rameh, Lucia -- Trappe, Joerg -- Haasen, Dorothea -- Timmerman, Martijn -- Sauerwein, Robert W -- Suwanarusk, Rossarin -- Russell, Bruce -- Renia, Laurent -- Nosten, Francois -- Tully, David C -- Kocken, Clemens H M -- Glynne, Richard J -- Bodenreider, Christophe -- Fidock, David A -- Diagana, Thierry T -- Winzeler, Elizabeth A -- 078285/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 089275/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 090534/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 096157/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- R01 AI079709/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI085584/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI090141/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI103058/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01079709/PHS HHS/ -- R01085584/PHS HHS/ -- R01AI090141/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- WT078285/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- WT096157/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2013 Dec 12;504(7479):248-53. doi: 10.1038/nature12782. Epub 2013 Nov 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California 92121, USA [2]. ; 1] Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA [2]. ; Novartis Institutes for Tropical Disease, 138670 Singapore. ; Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California 92121, USA. ; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA. ; Department of Parasitology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, PO Box 3306, 2280 GH Rijswijk, The Netherlands. ; TropIQ Health Sciences, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands. ; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA. ; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland. ; 1] Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland [2] University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland. ; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. ; Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland. ; 1] TropIQ Health Sciences, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands [2] Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical CentrePO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands. ; Laboratory of Malaria Immunobiology, Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, 138648 Singapore. ; 1] Laboratory of Malaria Immunobiology, Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, 138648 Singapore [2] Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, 117545 Singapore. ; 1] Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK [2] Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot 63110, Thailand. ; 1] Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA [2] Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA. ; 1] Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California 92121, USA [2] Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24284631" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase/*antagonists & ; inhibitors/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cytokinesis/drug effects ; Drug Resistance/drug effects/genetics ; Fatty Acids/metabolism ; Female ; Hepatocytes/parasitology ; Humans ; Imidazoles/metabolism/pharmacology ; Life Cycle Stages/drug effects ; Macaca mulatta ; Malaria/*drug therapy/*parasitology ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Models, Molecular ; Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates/metabolism ; Plasmodium/classification/*drug effects/*enzymology/growth & development ; Pyrazoles/metabolism/pharmacology ; Quinoxalines/metabolism/pharmacology ; Reproducibility of Results ; Schizonts/cytology/drug effects ; rab GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: Undernourished children exhibit impaired development of their gut microbiota. Transplanting microbiota from 6- and 18-month-old healthy or undernourished Malawian donors into young germ-free mice that were fed a Malawian diet revealed that immature microbiota from undernourished infants and children transmit impaired growth phenotypes. The representation of several age-discriminatory taxa in recipient animals correlated with lean body mass gain; liver, muscle, and brain metabolism; and bone morphology. Mice were cohoused shortly after receiving microbiota from healthy or severely stunted and underweight infants; age- and growth-discriminatory taxa from the microbiota of the former were able to invade that of the latter, which prevented growth impairments in recipient animals. Adding two invasive species, Ruminococcus gnavus and Clostridium symbiosum, to the microbiota from undernourished donors also ameliorated growth and metabolic abnormalities in recipient animals. These results provide evidence that microbiota immaturity is causally related to undernutrition and reveal potential therapeutic targets and agents.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4787260/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4787260/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blanton, Laura V -- Charbonneau, Mark R -- Salih, Tarek -- Barratt, Michael J -- Venkatesh, Siddarth -- Ilkaveya, Olga -- Subramanian, Sathish -- Manary, Mark J -- Trehan, Indi -- Jorgensen, Josh M -- Fan, Yue-Mei -- Henrissat, Bernard -- Leyn, Semen A -- Rodionov, Dmitry A -- Osterman, Andrei L -- Maleta, Kenneth M -- Newgard, Christopher B -- Ashorn, Per -- Dewey, Kathryn G -- Gordon, Jeffrey I -- R37 DK030292/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007172/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 19;351(6275). pii: aad3311. doi: 10.1126/science.aad3311.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology and Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA. ; Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Centerand Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. ; Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. School of Public Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi. ; Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi. ; Department of Nutrition and Program in International and Community Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA. ; Department for International Health, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere 33014, Finland. ; Architecture et Fonction des Macromolecules Biologiques, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Aix-Marseille Universite, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France. Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. ; A. A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127994, Russia. ; A. A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127994, Russia. Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ; Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ; School of Public Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi. ; Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Centerand Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. ; Department for International Health, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere 33014, Finland. Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere 33521, Finland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912898" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteria/*classification ; Bifidobacterium/physiology ; Body Weight ; Bone Development ; Clostridiales/physiology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Feces/microbiology ; Femur/growth & development ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/*physiology ; Germ-Free Life ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Nutrition Disorders/metabolism/*microbiology ; Malawi ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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