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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2001-08-11
    Description: Every eukaryotic chromosome has a centromere, the locus responsible for poleward movement at mitosis and meiosis. Although conventional loci are specified by their DNA sequences, current evidence favors a chromatin-based inheritance mechanism for centromeres. The chromosome segregation machinery is highly conserved across all eukaryotes, but the DNA and protein components specific to centromeric chromatin are evolving rapidly. Incompatibilities between rapidly evolving centromeric components may be responsible for both the organization of centromeric regions and the reproductive isolation of emerging species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Henikoff, S -- Ahmad, K -- Malik, H S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 10;293(5532):1098-102.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute Research Laboratories, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11498581" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Centromere/*genetics/physiology ; Chromatin/physiology ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/chemistry/*metabolism ; *DNA, Satellite/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Histones/chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Meiosis ; Models, Genetic ; Nucleosomes/physiology ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2008-12-02
    Description: Distinguishing self from non-self is a fundamental biological challenge. Many pathogens exploit the challenge of self discrimination by employing mimicry to subvert key cellular processes including the cell cycle, apoptosis and cytoskeletal dynamics. Other mimics interfere with immunity. Poxviruses encode K3L, a mimic of eIF2alpha, which is the substrate of protein kinase R (PKR), an important component of innate immunity in vertebrates. The PKR-K3L interaction exemplifies the conundrum imposed by viral mimicry. To be effective, PKR must recognize a conserved substrate (eIF2alpha) while avoiding rapidly evolving substrate mimics such as K3L. Using the PKR-K3L system and a combination of phylogenetic and functional analyses, we uncover evolutionary strategies by which host proteins can overcome mimicry. We find that PKR has evolved under intense episodes of positive selection in primates. The ability of PKR to evade viral mimics is partly due to positive selection at sites most intimately involved in eIF2alpha recognition. We also find that adaptive changes on multiple surfaces of PKR produce combinations of substitutions that increase the odds of defeating mimicry. Thus, although it can seem that pathogens gain insurmountable advantages by mimicking cellular components, host factors such as PKR can compete in molecular 'arms races' with mimics because of evolutionary flexibility at protein interaction interfaces challenged by mimicry.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2629804/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2629804/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Elde, Nels C -- Child, Stephanie J -- Geballe, Adam P -- Malik, Harmit S -- AI026672/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI026672/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI026672-19/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jan 22;457(7228):485-9. doi: 10.1038/nature07529. Epub 2008 Nov 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19043403" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2B/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Fibroblasts/virology ; Humans ; *Models, Biological ; *Molecular Mimicry ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Poxviridae/*physiology ; Primates/*genetics/virology ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Substrate Specificity ; Viral Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; eIF-2 Kinase/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2009-11-26
    Description: Hybrid sterility of the heterogametic sex is one of the first postzygotic reproductive barriers to evolve during speciation, yet the molecular basis of hybrid sterility is poorly understood. We show that the hybrid male sterility gene Odysseus-site homeobox (OdsH) encodes a protein that localizes to evolutionarily dynamic loci within heterochromatin and leads to their decondensation. In Drosophila mauritiana x Drosophila simulans male hybrids, OdsH from D. mauritiana (OdsHmau) acts as a sterilizing factor by associating with the heterochromatic Y chromosome of D. simulans, whereas D. simulans OdsH (OdsHsim) does not. Characterization of sterile hybrid testes revealed that OdsH abundance and localization in the premeiotic phases of spermatogenesis differ between species. These results reveal that rapid heterochromatin evolution affects the onset of hybrid sterility.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2987944/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2987944/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bayes, Joshua J -- Malik, Harmit S -- R01 GM074108/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM074108-05/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM74108/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM07270/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 11;326(5959):1538-41. doi: 10.1126/science.1181756. Epub .〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98185, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19933102" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Chromosomes/metabolism/physiology ; Crosses, Genetic ; DNA, Satellite/*metabolism ; Drosophila/genetics/*physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Female ; Fertility ; G2 Phase ; Genetic Speciation ; Heterochromatin/*metabolism ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Male ; Meiosis ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Spermatocytes/cytology/metabolism ; Spermatogenesis ; Testis/metabolism ; X Chromosome/metabolism ; Y Chromosome/*metabolism/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2013-06-08
    Description: Evolutionarily young genes that serve essential functions represent a paradox; they must perform a function that either was not required until after their birth or was redundant with another gene. How young genes rapidly acquire essential function is largely unknown. We traced the evolutionary steps by which the Drosophila gene Umbrea acquired an essential role in chromosome segregation in D. melanogaster since the gene's origin less than 15 million years ago. Umbrea neofunctionalization occurred via loss of an ancestral heterochromatin-localizing domain, followed by alterations that rewired its protein interaction network and led to species-specific centromere localization. Our evolutionary cell biology approach provides temporal and mechanistic detail about how young genes gain essential function. Such innovations may constantly alter the repertoire of centromeric proteins in eukaryotes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4119826/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4119826/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ross, Benjamin D -- Rosin, Leah -- Thomae, Andreas W -- Hiatt, Mary Alice -- Vermaak, Danielle -- de la Cruz, Aida Flor A -- Imhof, Axel -- Mellone, Barbara G -- Malik, Harmit S -- R01 GM074108/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM074108/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32HG000035/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 7;340(6137):1211-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1234393.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23744945" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Centromere/genetics/*physiology ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/*genetics ; Drosophila/*genetics ; Drosophila Proteins/*genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Duplication ; Genes, Insect/*physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2014-12-04
    Description: Horizontal gene transfer allows organisms to rapidly acquire adaptive traits. Although documented instances of horizontal gene transfer from bacteria to eukaryotes remain rare, bacteria represent a rich source of new functions potentially available for co-option. One benefit that genes of bacterial origin could provide to eukaryotes is the capacity to produce antibacterials, which have evolved in prokaryotes as the result of eons of interbacterial competition. The type VI secretion amidase effector (Tae) proteins are potent bacteriocidal enzymes that degrade the cell wall when delivered into competing bacterial cells by the type VI secretion system. Here we show that tae genes have been transferred to eukaryotes on at least six occasions, and that the resulting domesticated amidase effector (dae) genes have been preserved for hundreds of millions of years through purifying selection. We show that the dae genes acquired eukaryotic secretion signals, are expressed within recipient organisms, and encode active antibacterial toxins that possess substrate specificity matching extant Tae proteins of the same lineage. Finally, we show that a dae gene in the deer tick Ixodes scapularis limits proliferation of Borrelia burgdorferi, the aetiologic agent of Lyme disease. Our work demonstrates that a family of horizontally acquired toxins honed to mediate interbacterial antagonism confers previously undescribed antibacterial capacity to eukaryotes. We speculate that the selective pressure imposed by competition between bacteria has produced a reservoir of genes encoding diverse antimicrobial functions that are tailored for co-option by eukaryotic innate immune systems.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4713192/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4713192/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chou, Seemay -- Daugherty, Matthew D -- Peterson, S Brook -- Biboy, Jacob -- Yang, Youyun -- Jutras, Brandon L -- Fritz-Laylin, Lillian K -- Ferrin, Michael A -- Harding, Brittany N -- Jacobs-Wagner, Christine -- Yang, X Frank -- Vollmer, Waldemar -- Malik, Harmit S -- Mougous, Joseph D -- AI080609/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI083640/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- BB/I020012/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- R01 AI080609/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI083640/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Feb 5;518(7537):98-101. doi: 10.1038/nature13965. Epub 2014 Nov 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. ; 1] Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA. ; Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK. ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. ; 1] Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06516, USA [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06516, USA. ; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, USA. ; 1] Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06516, USA [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06516, USA [3] Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06516, USA [4] Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06516, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25470067" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amidohydrolases/genetics/metabolism/secretion ; Animals ; Bacteria/cytology/*enzymology/*genetics/immunology ; Bacterial Secretion Systems ; Bacterial Toxins/*genetics/metabolism ; Borrelia burgdorferi/cytology/growth & development/immunology ; Cell Wall/metabolism ; Conserved Sequence/genetics ; Eukaryota/*genetics/*immunology/metabolism ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal/*genetics ; Genes, Bacterial/*genetics ; *Immunity, Innate/genetics ; Ixodes/genetics/immunology/metabolism/microbiology ; Phylogeny ; Substrate Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2007-06-26
    Description: Primate genomes contain a large number of endogenous retroviruses and encode evolutionarily dynamic proteins that provide intrinsic immunity to retroviral infections. We report here the resurrection of the core protein of a 4-million-year-old endogenous virus from the chimpanzee genome and show that the human variant of the intrinsic immune protein TRIM5alpha can actively prevent infection by this virus. However, we suggest that selective changes that have occurred in the human lineage during the acquisition of resistance to this virus, and perhaps similar viruses, may have left our species more susceptible to infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Shari M -- Malik, Harmit S -- Emerman, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 22;316(5832):1756-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17588933" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Cats ; Cell Line ; Dna ; Disease Susceptibility ; Endogenous Retroviruses/genetics/*physiology ; Evolution, Molecular ; Gorilla gorilla ; HIV Infections/genetics/immunology ; Hiv-1 ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate/genetics ; Macaca mulatta ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pan troglodytes/genetics/virology ; Retroviridae Infections/genetics/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2015-08-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4692367/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4692367/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Akbari, Omar S -- Bellen, Hugo J -- Bier, Ethan -- Bullock, Simon L -- Burt, Austin -- Church, George M -- Cook, Kevin R -- Duchek, Peter -- Edwards, Owain R -- Esvelt, Kevin M -- Gantz, Valentino M -- Golic, Kent G -- Gratz, Scott J -- Harrison, Melissa M -- Hayes, Keith R -- James, Anthony A -- Kaufman, Thomas C -- Knoblich, Juergen -- Malik, Harmit S -- Matthews, Kathy A -- O'Connor-Giles, Kate M -- Parks, Annette L -- Perrimon, Norbert -- Port, Fillip -- Russell, Steven -- Ueda, Ryu -- Wildonger, Jill -- R01 AI070654/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI110713/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007133/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 28;349(6251):927-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aac7932. Epub 2015 Jul 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Entomology, Univ. of California, Riverside, CA 92507, USA. Center for Disease Vector Research, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, Univ. of California, Riverside, CA 92507, USA. ; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. ; Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Univ. of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92095, USA. kevin.esvelt@wyss.harvard.edu ebier@ucsd.edu. ; Division of Cell Biology, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK. ; Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berks SL5 7PY, UK. ; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, Department of Biology, Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA. ; Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1030 Vienna, Austria. ; CSIRO Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Underwood Avenue, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia. ; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. kevin.esvelt@wyss.harvard.edu ebier@ucsd.edu. ; Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Univ. of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92095, USA. ; Department of Biology, Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA. ; Laboratory of Genetics, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA. ; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA. ; CSIRO Biosecurity Flagship, General Post Of ce Box 1538, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia. ; Departments of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics and Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Univ. of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. ; Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. ; Laboratory of Genetics, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA. Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Univ. of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 3EH, UK. ; Department of Genetics, Graduate Univ. for Advanced Studies, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan. NIG-Fly Stock Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan. ; Department of Biochemistry, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26229113" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; CRISPR-Cas Systems ; *Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats ; *Containment of Biohazards ; Endonucleases/metabolism ; *Genetic Engineering ; *Genetic Research ; Genome ; *Organisms, Genetically Modified ; *Safety
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2015-12-19
    Description: Speciation, the process by which new biological species arise, involves the evolution of reproductive barriers, such as hybrid sterility or inviability between populations. However, identifying hybrid incompatibility genes remains a key obstacle in understanding the molecular basis of reproductive isolation. We devised a genomic screen, which identified a cell cycle-regulation gene as the cause of male inviability in hybrids resulting from a cross between Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans. Ablation of the D. simulans allele of this gene is sufficient to rescue the adult viability of hybrid males. This dominantly acting cell cycle regulator causes mitotic arrest and, thereby, inviability of male hybrid larvae. Our genomic method provides a facile means to accelerate the identification of hybrid incompatibility genes in other model and nonmodel systems.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4703311/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4703311/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Phadnis, Nitin -- Baker, EmilyClare P -- Cooper, Jacob C -- Frizzell, Kimberly A -- Hsieh, Emily -- de la Cruz, Aida Flor A -- Shendure, Jay -- Kitzman, Jacob O -- Malik, Harmit S -- 5T32 HD0741/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HG006283/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM074108/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM115914/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 18;350(6267):1552-5. doi: 10.1126/science.aac7504.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA. nitin.phadnis@utah.edu hsmalik@fhcrc.org. ; Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. ; Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA. ; Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. ; Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. ; Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. nitin.phadnis@utah.edu hsmalik@fhcrc.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26680200" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Cell Cycle/*genetics ; Chimera/genetics ; Crosses, Genetic ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics/growth & development ; Drosophila simulans/*genetics/growth & development ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes, Essential/genetics/physiology ; Genes, Insect ; Genes, Lethal/genetics/*physiology ; *Genetic Speciation ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Reproductive Isolation
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Azospirillum brasilense ; Grain sorghum ; N uptake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Field experiments were conducted to assess the contribution ofAzospirillum brasilense to the N needs of grain sorghumcv. CSH — 5 during monsoon (June–October) seasons of 1978 and 1979.A. brasilense contributed to the N uptake by crop in the range from 5.8 to 19.6 kg N/ha. However, the contribution ofA. brasilense to the N needs of sorghum was more when sorghum was manured with farmyard manure at the rate of 10 tons/ha.
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2013-01-14
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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