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  • Articles  (271)
  • Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press  (271)
  • Rats  (165)
  • Base Sequence  (105)
  • Rabbits
  • 2020-2022
  • 2000-2004  (74)
  • 1980-1984  (197)
  • 1925-1929
  • 2003  (74)
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  • Articles  (271)
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  • 2020-2022
  • 2000-2004  (74)
  • 1980-1984  (197)
  • 1925-1929
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  • 1
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    Retrograde viral delivery of IGF-1 prolongs survival in a mouse ALS model (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-08-09
    Description: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, lethal neuromuscular disease that is associated with the degeneration of spinal and brainstem motor neurons, leading to atrophy of limb, axial, and respiratory muscles. The cause of ALS is unknown, and there is no effective therapy. Neurotrophic factors are candidates for therapeutic evaluation in ALS. Although chronic delivery of molecules to the central nervous system has proven difficult, we recently discovered that adeno-associated virus can be retrogradely transported efficiently from muscle to motor neurons of the spinal cord. We report that insulin-like growth factor 1 prolongs life and delays disease progression, even when delivered at the time of overt disease symptoms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaspar, Brian K -- Llado, Jeronia -- Sherkat, Nushin -- Rothstein, Jeffrey D -- Gage, Fred H -- AG12992/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG21876/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- NS33958/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 8;301(5634):839-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12907804" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/pathology/physiopathology/*therapy ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Base Sequence ; Caspase 9 ; Caspases/metabolism ; Cell Count ; Dependovirus/*genetics ; Disease Models, Animal ; Disease Progression ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; *Genetic Therapy ; *Genetic Vectors/administration & dosage ; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/*genetics ; Luminescent Proteins/genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Motor Neurons/pathology/virology ; Muscle, Skeletal/virology ; Nerve Growth Factors/genetics ; *Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; Random Allocation ; Spinal Cord/chemistry/pathology/virology ; Superoxide Dismutase/genetics/metabolism ; Ubiquitin/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Evolutionary discrimination of mammalian conserved non-genic sequences (CNGs) (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-10-04
    Description: Analysis of the human and mouse genomes identified an abundance of conserved non-genic sequences (CNGs). The significance and evolutionary depth of their conservation remain unanswered. We have quantified levels and patterns of conservation of 191 CNGs of human chromosome 21 in 14 mammalian species. We found that CNGs are significantly more conserved than protein-coding genes and noncoding RNAS (ncRNAs) within the mammalian class from primates to monotremes to marsupials. The pattern of substitutions in CNGs differed from that seen in protein-coding and ncRNA genes and resembled that of protein-binding regions. About 0.3% to 1% of the human genome corresponds to a previously unknown class of extremely constrained CNGs shared among mammals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dermitzakis, Emmanouil T -- Reymond, Alexandre -- Scamuffa, Nathalie -- Ucla, Catherine -- Kirkness, Ewen -- Rossier, Colette -- Antonarakis, Stylianos E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 7;302(5647):1033-5. Epub 2003 Oct 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Medical Genetics and National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) Frontiers in Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School and University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Emmanouil.Dermitzakis@medecine.unige.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14526086" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/*genetics ; Chromosomes, Mammalian/*genetics ; *Conserved Sequence ; DNA, Intergenic/*genetics ; Discriminant Analysis ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Genetic Code ; Genome ; Humans ; Male ; Mammals/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Proteins/genetics ; RNA, Untranslated/genetics ; Selection, Genetic ; Sequence Alignment ; Species Specificity ; Time ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Common structure of soluble amyloid oligomers implies common mechanism of pathogenesis (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-04-19
    Description: Soluble oligomers are common to most amyloids and may represent the primary toxic species of amyloids, like the Abeta peptide in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here we show that all of the soluble oligomers tested display a common conformation-dependent structure that is unique to soluble oligomers regardless of sequence. The in vitro toxicity of soluble oligomers is inhibited by oligomer-specific antibody. Soluble oligomers have a unique distribution in human AD brain that is distinct from fibrillar amyloid. These results indicate that different types of soluble amyloid oligomers have a common structure and suggest they share a common mechanism of toxicity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kayed, Rakez -- Head, Elizabeth -- Thompson, Jennifer L -- McIntire, Theresa M -- Milton, Saskia C -- Cotman, Carl W -- Glabe, Charles G -- AG00538/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG16573/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- NS31230/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 18;300(5618):486-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-3900, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12702875" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alzheimer Disease/metabolism/pathology ; Amyloid/chemistry/toxicity ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/analysis/*chemistry/immunology/toxicity ; Animals ; Antibodies/immunology ; Antibody Specificity ; Biopolymers/analysis/chemistry/toxicity ; Brain/pathology ; Brain Chemistry ; Cell Survival ; Humans ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Microscopy, Electron ; Molecular Mimicry ; Neurofibrillary Tangles/chemistry ; Peptide Fragments/chemistry/immunology ; Protein Conformation ; Rabbits ; Solubility ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Whales before whaling in the North Atlantic (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-07-26
    Description: It is well known that hunting dramatically reduced all baleen whale populations, yet reliable estimates of former whale abundances are elusive. Based on coalescent models for mitochondrial DNA sequence variation, the genetic diversity of North Atlantic whales suggests population sizes of approximately 240,000 humpback, 360,000 fin, and 265,000 minke whales. Estimates for fin and humpback whales are far greater than those previously calculated for prewhaling populations and 6 to 20 times higher than present-day population estimates. Such discrepancies suggest the need for a quantitative reevaluation of historical whale populations and a fundamental revision in our conception of the natural state of the oceans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roman, Joe -- Palumbi, Stephen R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 25;301(5632):508-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12881568" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Base Sequence ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Time Factors ; *Whales/classification/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Genetic control of surface curvature (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-03-01
    Description: Although curvature of biological surfaces has been considered from mathematical and biophysical perspectives, its molecular and developmental basis is unclear. We have studied the cin mutant of Antirrhinum, which has crinkly rather than flat leaves. Leaves of cin display excess growth in marginal regions, resulting in a gradual introduction of negative curvature during development. This reflects a change in the shape and the progression of a cell-cycle arrest front moving from the leaf tip toward the base. CIN encodes a TCP protein and is expressed downstream of the arrest front. We propose that CIN promotes zero curvature (flatness) by making cells more sensitive to an arrest signal, particularly in marginal regions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nath, Utpal -- Crawford, Brian C W -- Carpenter, Rosemary -- Coen, Enrico -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Feb 28;299(5611):1404-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12610308" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antirrhinum/cytology/*genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cell Size ; Cyclin D3 ; Cyclins/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Deletion ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; *Genes, Plant ; Histones/genetics/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Insertional ; Mutation ; Plant Leaves/anatomy & histology/cytology/*growth & development/metabolism ; Plant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Surface Properties ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Consensus and ancestral state HIV vaccines (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-03-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nickle, David C -- Jensen, Mark A -- Gottlieb, Geoffrey S -- Shriner, Daniel -- Learn, Gerald H -- Rodrigo, Allen G -- Mullins, James I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 7;299(5612):1515-8; author reply 1515-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12624248" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *AIDS Vaccines/immunology ; Base Sequence ; Consensus Sequence ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genes, env ; Genes, gag ; Genetic Variation ; HIV Antigens/genetics/immunology ; HIV-1/classification/*genetics/*immunology ; Humans ; *Phylogeny
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Scanning human gene deserts for long-range enhancers (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-10-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nobrega, Marcelo A -- Ovcharenko, Ivan -- Afzal, Veena -- Rubin, Edward M -- HL66728/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 17;302(5644):413.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14563999" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anura/genetics ; Base Sequence ; Conserved Sequence ; *DNA, Intergenic ; *Drosophila Proteins ; *Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Reporter ; Humans ; Introns ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Nuclear Proteins/*genetics ; Synteny ; Takifugu/genetics ; Tetraodontiformes/genetics ; Xenopus/genetics ; Zebrafish/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Facilitation of spinal NMDA receptor currents by spillover of synaptically released glycine (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-06-28
    Description: In the mammalian CNS, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors serve prominent roles in many physiological and pathophysiological processes including pain transmission. For full activation, NMDA receptors require the binding of glycine. It is not known whether the brain uses changes in extracellular glycine to modulate synaptic NMDA responses. Here, we show that synaptically released glycine facilitates NMDA receptor currents in the superficial dorsal horn, an area critically involved in pain processing. During high presynaptic activity, glycine released from inhibitory interneurons escapes the synaptic cleft and reaches nearby NMDA receptors by so-called spillover. In vivo, this process may contribute to the development of inflammatory hyperalgesia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ahmadi, Seifollah -- Muth-Selbach, Uta -- Lauterbach, Andreas -- Lipfert, Peter -- Neuhuber, Winfried L -- Zeilhofer, Hanns Ulrich -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jun 27;300(5628):2094-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut fur Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Fahrstrasse 17, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12829784" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Analgesics/pharmacology ; Animals ; Anterior Horn Cells/drug effects/metabolism ; Diffusion ; Electric Stimulation ; Evoked Potentials/drug effects ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials/drug effects ; Glycine/*metabolism/pharmacology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Interneurons/metabolism ; Neural Inhibition/drug effects ; Opioid Peptides/pharmacology ; Pain Measurement ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Posterior Horn Cells/drug effects/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/*metabolism ; Serine/pharmacology ; Spinal Cord/drug effects/metabolism ; Synapses/*metabolism ; *Synaptic Transmission/drug effects ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Derepression of BDNF transcription involves calcium-dependent phosphorylation of MeCP2 (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-11-01
    Description: Mutations in MeCP2, which encodes a protein that has been proposed to function as a global transcriptional repressor, are the cause of Rett syndrome (RT T), an X-linked progressive neurological disorder. Although the selective inactivation of MeCP2 in neurons is sufficient to confer a Rett-like phenotype in mice, the specific functions of MeCP2 in postmitotic neurons are not known. We find that MeCP2 binds selectively to BDNF promoter III and functions to repress expression of the BDNF gene. Membrane depolarization triggers the calcium-dependent phosphorylation and release of MeCP2 from BDNF promoter III, thereby facilitating transcription. These studies indicate that MeCP2 plays a key role in the control of neuronal activity-dependent gene regulation and suggest that the deregulation of this process may underlie the pathology of RT T.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Wen G -- Chang, Qiang -- Lin, Yingxi -- Meissner, Alexander -- West, Anne E -- Griffith, Eric C -- Jaenisch, Rudolf -- Greenberg, Michael E -- HD 18655/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS28829/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 31;302(5646):885-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Neuroscience, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14593183" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/*genetics ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; *Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone ; Cloning, Molecular ; CpG Islands ; DNA Methylation ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Silencing ; Histones/metabolism ; Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2 ; Methylation ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Neurons/metabolism/physiology ; Phosphorylation ; Potassium Chloride/pharmacology ; Precipitin Tests ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Rats ; *Repressor Proteins ; Rett Syndrome/genetics ; *Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 10
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    Experience strengthening transmission by driving AMPA receptors into synapses (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-03-08
    Description: The mechanisms underlying experience-dependent plasticity in the brain may depend on the AMPA subclass of glutamate receptors (AMPA-Rs). We examined the trafficking of AMPA-Rs into synapses in the developing rat barrel cortex. In vivo gene delivery was combined with in vitro recordings to show that experience drives recombinant GluR1, an AMPA-R subunit, into synapses formed between layer 4 and layer 2/3 neurons. Moreover, expression of the GluR1 cytoplasmic tail, a construct that inhibits synaptic delivery of endogenous AMPA-Rs during long-term potentiation, blocked experience-driven synaptic potentiation. In general, synaptic incorporation of AMPA-Rs in vivo conforms to rules identified in vitro and contributes to plasticity driven by natural stimuli in the mammalian brain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Takahashi, Takuya -- Svoboda, Karel -- Malinow, Roberto -- NS032827/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS038259/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 7;299(5612):1585-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Jones Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12624270" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Electrophysiology ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Long-Term Potentiation ; *Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/*metabolism/virology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Rats ; Receptors, AMPA/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Sindbis Virus/genetics ; Somatosensory Cortex/*metabolism/virology ; Synapses/*metabolism ; *Synaptic Transmission ; Touch ; Vibrissae/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 11
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    Inflammatory blockade restores adult hippocampal neurogenesis (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-11-15
    Description: Cranial radiation therapy causes a progressive decline in cognitive function that is linked to impaired neurogenesis. Chronic inflammation accompanies radiation injury, suggesting that inflammatory processes may contribute to neural stem cell dysfunction. Here, we show that neuroinflammation alone inhibits neurogenesis and that inflammatory blockade with indomethacin, a common nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, restores neurogenesis after endotoxin-induced inflammation and augments neurogenesis after cranial irradiation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Monje, Michelle L -- Toda, Hiroki -- Palmer, Theo D -- F30 NS04696701/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- MH20016-05/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 5;302(5651):1760-5. Epub 2003 Nov 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stanford University, Department of Neurosurgery, MSLS P309, Mail Code 5487, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94305-5487, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14615545" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology ; Antigens, CD/metabolism ; Apoptosis ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Coculture Techniques ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; Cytokine Receptor gp130 ; Cytokines/physiology ; Dentate Gyrus/cytology/drug effects/physiology/radiation effects ; Female ; Gamma Rays ; Hippocampus/cytology/drug effects/*physiology/radiation effects ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Indomethacin/*pharmacology ; Inflammation/drug therapy/*physiopathology ; Interleukin-6/pharmacology/physiology ; Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology ; Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Microglia/*physiology ; Mitotic Index ; Neurons/drug effects/*physiology/radiation effects ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred F344 ; Receptors, Interleukin-6/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/physiology
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  • 12
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    Eukaryotic intron loss (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-05-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mourier, Tobias -- Jeffares, Daniel C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 30;300(5624):1393.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. tmourier@zi.ku.dk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12775832" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiosperms/genetics ; Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; Eukaryota/genetics ; *Eukaryotic Cells ; Fungi/genetics ; Humans ; Insects/genetics ; Interspersed Repetitive Sequences ; *Introns ; Mice ; Plasmodium/genetics ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism ; Rats ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Takifugu/genetics ; Templates, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 13
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    TRB3: a tribbles homolog that inhibits Akt/PKB activation by insulin in liver (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-06-07
    Description: Insulin resistance is a major hallmark in the development of type II diabetes, which is characterized by the failure of insulin to promote glucose uptake in muscle and to suppress glucose production in liver. The serine-threonine kinase Akt (PKB) is a principal target of insulin signaling that inhibits hepatic glucose output when glucose is available from food. Here we show that TRB3, a mammalian homolog of Drosophila tribbles, functions as a negative modulator of Akt. TRB3 expression is induced in liver under fasting conditions, and TRB3 disrupts insulin signaling by binding directly to Akt and blocking activation of the kinase. Amounts of TRB3 RNA and protein were increased in livers of db/db diabetic mice compared with those in wild-type mice. Hepatic overexpression of TRB3 in amounts comparable to those in db/db mice promoted hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance. Our results suggest that, by interfering with Akt activation, TRB3 contributes to insulin resistance in individuals with susceptibility to type II diabetes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Du, Keyong -- Herzig, Stephan -- Kulkarni, Rohit N -- Montminy, Marc -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jun 6;300(5625):1574-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Peptide Biology Laboratories, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12791994" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenoviridae/genetics/physiology ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Diabetes Mellitus/genetics/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Fasting ; Genetic Vectors ; Glucose/metabolism ; Glucose Intolerance ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3/metabolism ; Humans ; Insulin/blood/*metabolism ; Insulin Resistance ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/pharmacology ; Liver/*metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Phosphorylation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; RNA Interference ; Rats ; Repressor Proteins ; Signal Transduction ; Transfection ; Transgenes ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques
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    Society for Neuroscience meeting. Pills and games help conquer fear (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-11-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Greg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 21;302(5649):1321.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14631016" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior Therapy ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic ; Cycloserine/*therapeutic use ; *Fear ; Humans ; Learning ; Phobic Disorders/*therapy ; Rats ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/agonists/*metabolism ; *User-Computer Interface
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  • 15
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    Stability of retrieved memory: inverse correlation with trace dominance (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-08-23
    Description: In memory consolidation, the memory trace stabilizes and becomes resistant to certain amnesic agents. The textbook account is that for any memorized item, consolidation starts and ends just once. However, evidence has accumulated that upon activation in retrieval, the trace may reconsolidate. Whereas some authors reported transient renewed susceptibility of retrieved memories to consolidation blockers, others could not detect it. Here, we report that in both conditioned taste aversion in the rat and fear conditioning in the medaka fish, the stability of retrieved memory is inversely correlated with the control of behavior by that memory. This result may explain some conflicting findings on reconsolidation of activated memories.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eisenberg, Mark -- Kobilo, Tali -- Berman, Diego E -- Dudai, Yadin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 22;301(5636):1102-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12934010" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aminobenzoates/pharmacology ; Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Anisomycin/administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Avoidance Learning ; Cerebral Cortex/drug effects ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Cues ; Electroshock ; *Extinction, Psychological/drug effects ; Fear ; Male ; *Memory ; *Mental Recall ; Oryzias ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Taste ; meta-Aminobenzoates
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    Genomics. Defining genes in the genomics era (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-04-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Snyder, Michael -- Gerstein, Mark -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 11;300(5617):258-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12690176" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alternative Splicing ; Base Sequence ; Conserved Sequence ; Gene Silencing ; *Genes ; Genome, Fungal ; Genome, Human ; *Genomics ; Humans ; Open Reading Frames ; Pseudogenes ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic
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    LysM domain receptor kinases regulating rhizobial Nod factor-induced infection (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-08-30
    Description: The rhizobial infection of legumes has the most stringent demand toward Nod factor structure of all host responses, and therefore a specific Nod factor entry receptor has been proposed. The SYM2 gene identified in certain ecotypes of pea (Pisum sativum) is a good candidate for such an entry receptor. We exploited the close phylogenetic relationship of pea and the model legume Medicago truncatula to identify genes specifically involved in rhizobial infection. The SYM2 orthologous region of M. truncatula contains 15 putative receptor-like genes, of which 7 are LysM domain-containing receptor-like kinases (LYKs). Using reverse genetics in M. truncatula, we show that two LYK genes are specifically involved in infection thread formation. This, as well as the properties of the LysM domains, strongly suggests that they are Nod factor entry receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Limpens, Erik -- Franken, Carolien -- Smit, Patrick -- Willemse, Joost -- Bisseling, Ton -- Geurts, Rene -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 24;302(5645):630-3. Epub 2003 Aug 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703HA, Wageningen, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12947035" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Gene Expression ; *Genes, Plant ; Ligands ; Lipopolysaccharides/*metabolism ; Medicago/genetics/microbiology/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nitrogen Fixation ; Peas ; Phenotype ; Plant Roots/*microbiology/physiology ; Protein Kinases/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA Interference ; Signal Transduction ; Sinorhizobium meliloti/chemistry/genetics/growth & development/*physiology ; *Symbiosis
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    Micellar nanocontainers distribute to defined cytoplasmic organelles (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-04-26
    Description: Block copolymer micelles are water-soluble biocompatible nanocontainers with great potential for delivering hydrophobic drugs. An understanding of their cellular distribution is essential to achieving selective delivery of drugs at the subcellular level. Triple-labeling confocal microscopy in live cells revealed the localization of micelles in several cytoplasmic organelles, including mitochondria, but not in the nucleus. Moreover, micelles change the cellular distribution of and increase the amount of the agent delivered to the cells. These micelles may thus be worth exploring for their potential to selectively deliver drugs to specified subcellular targets.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Savic, Radoslav -- Luo, Laibin -- Eisenberg, Adi -- Maysinger, Dusica -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 25;300(5619):615-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12714738" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Azides/chemistry ; Biocompatible Materials ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/*metabolism ; Diffusion ; Drug Carriers/chemistry/*metabolism ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; Ethylene Oxide/chemistry/metabolism ; Fluoresceins ; Fluorescence ; Golgi Apparatus/metabolism ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Lactones/chemistry/metabolism ; Lysosomes/metabolism ; *Micelles ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; *Nanotechnology ; Organelles/*metabolism ; PC12 Cells ; Polyethylene Glycols/chemistry ; Polymers/chemistry/metabolism ; Rats ; Rhodamines/chemistry ; Solubility ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence
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    Virology. The SARS coronavirus: a postgenomic era (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-05-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holmes, Kathryn V -- Enjuanes, Luis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 30;300(5624):1377-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, USA. kathryn.holmes@UCHSC.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12775826" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, Viral/immunology ; Antiviral Agents ; Base Sequence ; Coronavirus/classification/genetics ; Drug Design ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Genome, Viral ; Humans ; Open Reading Frames ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA, Viral/*genetics ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; SARS Virus/classification/*genetics/physiology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/drug therapy/prevention & control/virology ; Transcription, Genetic ; Viral Proteins/chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Viral Vaccines
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    Nervous system targets of RNA editing identified by comparative genomics (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-08-09
    Description: An unknown number of precursor messenger RNAs undergo genetic recoding by modification of adenosine to inosine, a reaction catalyzed by the adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs). Discovery of these edited transcripts has always been serendipitous. Using comparative genomics, we identified a phylogenetic signature of RNA editing. We report the identification and experimental verification of 16 previously unknown ADAR target genes in the fruit fly Drosophila and one in humans-more than the sum total previously reported. All of these genes are involved in rapid electrical and chemical neurotransmission, and many of the edited sites recode conserved and functionally important amino acids. These results point to a pivotal role for RNA editing in nervous system function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoopengardner, Barry -- Bhalla, Tarun -- Staber, Cynthia -- Reenan, Robert -- R01 GM062291/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 8;301(5634):832-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12907802" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine/metabolism ; Adenosine Deaminase/*metabolism ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Drosophila/*genetics ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics ; *Genes, Insect ; Genomics ; Humans ; Inosine/metabolism ; Ion Channel Gating ; Ion Channels/*genetics/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nervous System/metabolism ; Phylogeny ; Potassium Channels/genetics/metabolism ; *RNA Editing ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Synapses ; *Synaptic Transmission
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Diverse plant and animal genetic records from Holocene and Pleistocene sediments (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-04-19
    Description: Genetic analyses of permafrost and temperate sediments reveal that plant and animal DNA may be preserved for long periods, even in the absence of obvious macrofossils. In Siberia, five permafrost cores ranging from 400,000 to 10,000 years old contained at least 19 different plant taxa, including the oldest authenticated ancient DNA sequences known, and megafaunal sequences including mammoth, bison, and horse. The genetic data record a number of dramatic changes in the taxonomic diversity and composition of Beringian vegetation and fauna. Temperate cave sediments in New Zealand also yielded DNA sequences of extinct biota, including two species of ratite moa, and 29 plant taxa characteristic of the prehuman environment. Therefore, many sedimentary deposits may contain unique, and widespread, genetic records of paleoenvironments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Willerslev, Eske -- Hansen, Anders J -- Binladen, Jonas -- Brand, Tina B -- Gilbert, M Thomas P -- Shapiro, Beth -- Bunce, Michael -- Wiuf, Carsten -- Gilichinsky, David A -- Cooper, Alan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 2;300(5620):791-5. Epub 2003 Apr 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Denmark DK-2100 O.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12702808" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiosperms/classification/genetics ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Bryopsida/classification/genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/*analysis/genetics ; DNA, Chloroplast/analysis ; DNA, Mitochondrial/analysis/genetics ; DNA, Plant/*analysis/genetics ; Ecosystem ; Fossils ; *Geologic Sediments ; Gymnosperms/classification/genetics ; History, Ancient ; Mammals/classification/genetics ; New Zealand ; Phylogeny ; *Plants/classification ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Siberia ; *Soil ; *Vertebrates/classification/genetics
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    Allosteric activators of glucokinase: potential role in diabetes therapy (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-07-19
    Description: Glucokinase (GK) plays a key role in whole-body glucose homeostasis by catalyzing the phosphorylation of glucose in cells that express this enzyme, such as pancreatic beta cells and hepatocytes. We describe a class of antidiabetic agents that act as nonessential, mixed-type GK activators (GKAs) that increase the glucose affinity and maximum velocity (Vmax) of GK. GKAs augment both hepatic glucose metabolism and glucose-induced insulin secretion from isolated rodent pancreatic islets, consistent with the expression and function of GK in both cell types. In several rodent models of type 2 diabetes mellitus, GKAs lowered blood glucose levels, improved the results of glucose tolerance tests, and increased hepatic glucose uptake. These findings may lead to the development of new drug therapies for diabetes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grimsby, Joseph -- Sarabu, Ramakanth -- Corbett, Wendy L -- Haynes, Nancy-Ellen -- Bizzarro, Fred T -- Coffey, John W -- Guertin, Kevin R -- Hilliard, Darryl W -- Kester, Robert F -- Mahaney, Paige E -- Marcus, Linda -- Qi, Lida -- Spence, Cheryl L -- Tengi, John -- Magnuson, Mark A -- Chu, Chang An -- Dvorozniak, Mark T -- Matschinsky, Franz M -- Grippo, Joseph F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 18;301(5631):370-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Metabolic Diseases, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley, NJ 07110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12869762" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Allosteric Regulation ; Animals ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; *Carrier Proteins ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*drug therapy/metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Enzyme Activation ; Enzyme Activators/chemistry/pharmacology ; Glucokinase/*metabolism ; Glucose/*metabolism ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents/chemistry/pharmacology ; Insulin/blood/*secretion ; Islets of Langerhans/*drug effects/secretion ; Keto Acids/metabolism ; Liver/*drug effects/metabolism ; Liver Glycogen/biosynthesis ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Obese ; Proteins/metabolism/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Stereoisomerism ; Thiazoles/chemistry/*pharmacology
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    Anterior-posterior guidance of commissural axons by Wnt-frizzled signaling (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-12-13
    Description: Commissural neurons in the mammalian dorsal spinal cord send axons ventrally toward the floor plate, where they cross the midline and turn anteriorly toward the brain; a gradient of chemoattractant(s) inside the spinal cord controls this turning. In rodents, several Wnt proteins stimulate the extension of commissural axons after midline crossing (postcrossing). We found that Wnt4 messenger RNA is expressed in a decreasing anterior-to-posterior gradient in the floor plate, and that a directed source of Wnt4 protein attracted postcrossing commissural axons. Commissural axons in mice lacking the Wnt receptor Frizzled3 displayed anterior-posterior guidance defects after midline crossing. Thus, Wnt-Frizzled signaling guides commissural axons along the anterior-posterior axis of the spinal cord.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lyuksyutova, Anna I -- Lu, Chin-Chun -- Milanesio, Nancy -- King, Leslie A -- Guo, Nini -- Wang, Yanshu -- Nathans, Jeremy -- Tessier-Lavigne, Marc -- Zou, Yimin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 12;302(5652):1984-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14671310" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Brain/embryology/metabolism ; COS Cells ; Central Nervous System/cytology/*embryology/metabolism ; Cues ; Culture Techniques ; Diffusion ; Frizzled Receptors ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Growth Cones/physiology/ultrastructure ; In Situ Hybridization ; *Membrane Proteins ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Neurons/*physiology ; Proteins/pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Spinal Cord/*cytology/embryology/metabolism ; Transfection ; Wnt Proteins ; Wnt4 Protein
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    Mitochondrial biogenesis in mammals: the role of endogenous nitric oxide (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2003-02-08
    Description: Nitric oxide was found to trigger mitochondrial biogenesis in cells as diverse as brown adipocytes and 3T3-L1, U937, and HeLa cells. This effect of nitric oxide was dependent on guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) and was mediated by the induction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1alpha, a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. Moreover, the mitochondrial biogenesis induced by exposure to cold was markedly reduced in brown adipose tissue of endothelial nitric oxide synthase null-mutant (eNOS-/-) mice, which had a reduced metabolic rate and accelerated weight gain as compared to wild-type mice. Thus, a nitric oxide-cGMP-dependent pathway controls mitochondrial biogenesis and body energy balance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nisoli, Enzo -- Clementi, Emilio -- Paolucci, Clara -- Cozzi, Valeria -- Tonello, Cristina -- Sciorati, Clara -- Bracale, Renata -- Valerio, Alessandra -- Francolini, Maura -- Moncada, Salvador -- Carruba, Michele O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Feb 7;299(5608):896-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Preclinical Sciences, Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan 20157, Italy. enzo.nisoli@unimi.it〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12574632" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3T3 Cells ; 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate/pharmacology ; Adipocytes/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Adipose Tissue, Brown/cytology/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Animals ; Cold Temperature ; Cyclic GMP/metabolism ; DNA, Mitochondrial/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Eating ; Energy Metabolism ; Female ; HeLa Cells ; High Mobility Group Proteins ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mitochondria/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; *Mitochondrial Proteins ; Motor Activity ; NF-E2-Related Factor 1 ; Nitric Oxide/*physiology ; Nitric Oxide Synthase/genetics/*metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Nuclear Respiratory Factors ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology ; Oxadiazoles/pharmacology ; Oxygen Consumption ; Penicillamine/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Quinoxalines/pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; Trans-Activators/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; U937 Cells ; Weight Gain
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    Environmental noise retards auditory cortical development (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-04-19
    Description: The mammalian auditory cortex normally undergoes rapid and progressive functional maturation. Here we show that rearing infant rat pups in continuous, moderate-level noise delayed the emergence of adultlike topographic representational order and the refinement of response selectivity in the primary auditory cortex (A1) long beyond normal developmental benchmarks. When those noise-reared adult rats were subsequently exposed to a pulsed pure-tone stimulus, A1 rapidly reorganized, demonstrating that exposure-driven plasticity characteristic of the critical period was still ongoing. These results demonstrate that A1 organization is shaped by a young animal's exposure to salient, structured acoustic inputs-and implicate noise as a risk factor for abnormal child development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chang, Edward F -- Merzenich, Michael M -- NS-10414/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS-38416/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 18;300(5618):498-502.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉W. M. Keck Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. echang@itsa.ucsf.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12702879" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acoustic Stimulation ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Auditory Cortex/*growth & development/physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Electrophysiology ; Female ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/*physiology ; Noise/*adverse effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Infectious diseases. Hungry for details, scientists zoom in on SARS genomes (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-05-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 2;300(5620):715-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12730563" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Coronavirus/classification/genetics ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; *Genetic Variation ; *Genome, Viral ; Humans ; Internet ; Mutation ; Publishing ; SARS Virus/classification/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/*virology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Identified sources and targets of slow inhibition in the neocortex (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-03-22
    Description: There are two types of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in the cerebral cortex. Fast inhibition is mediated by ionotropic gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) receptors, and slow inhibition is due to metabotropic GABA(B) receptors. Several neuron classes elicit inhibitory postsynaptic potentials through GABA(A) receptors, but possible distinct sources of slow inhibition remain unknown. We identified a class of GABAergic interneurons, the neurogliaform cells, that, in contrast to other GABA-releasing cells, elicited combined GABA(A) and GABA(B) receptor-mediated responses with single action potentials and that predominantly targeted the dendritic spines of pyramidal neurons. Slow inhibition evoked by a distinct interneuron in spatially restricted postsynaptic compartments could locally and selectively modulate cortical excitability.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tamas, Gabor -- Lorincz, Andrea -- Simon, Andrea -- Szabadics, Janos -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 21;299(5614):1902-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Comparative Physiology, University of Szeged, Kozep fasor 52, Szeged H-6726, Hungary. gtamas@bio.u-szeged.hu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12649485" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Bicuculline/pharmacology ; Dendrites/physiology ; Evoked Potentials ; GABA Antagonists/pharmacology ; GABA-A Receptor Antagonists ; GABA-B Receptor Antagonists ; Interneurons/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Neocortex/cytology/*physiology ; *Neural Inhibition ; Organophosphorus Compounds/pharmacology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Pyramidal Cells/*physiology ; Pyridazines/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, GABA-A/physiology ; Receptors, GABA-B/physiology ; Somatosensory Cortex/cytology/*physiology ; Synapses/physiology/ultrastructure ; *Synaptic Transmission
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Nuclear membrane proteins with potential disease links found by subtractive proteomics (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-09-06
    Description: To comprehensively identify integral membrane proteins of the nuclear envelope (NE), we prepared separately NEs and organelles known to cofractionate with them from liver. Proteins detected by multidimensional protein identification technology in the cofractionating organelles were subtracted from the NE data set. In addition to all 13 known NE integral proteins, 67 uncharacterized open reading frames with predicted membrane-spanning regions were identified. All of the eight proteins tested targeted to the NE, indicating that there are substantially more integral proteins of the NE than previously thought. Furthermore, 23 of these mapped within chromosome regions linked to a variety of dystrophies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schirmer, Eric C -- Florens, Laurence -- Guan, Tinglu -- Yates, John R 3rd -- Gerace, Larry -- F32 GM19085/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM28521/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RR11823/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Sep 5;301(5638):1380-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12958361" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Animals ; Cell Fractionation ; Chromosome Mapping ; DNA, Complementary ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn/*genetics ; Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; Liver/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Membrane Proteins/*analysis/genetics/isolation & purification ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Nuclear Envelope/*chemistry ; Nuclear Proteins/*analysis/genetics/isolation & purification ; Open Reading Frames ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; *Proteomics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Characterization of mammalian selenoproteomes (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-05-31
    Description: In the genetic code, UGA serves as a stop signal and a selenocysteine codon, but no computational methods for identifying its coding function are available. Consequently, most selenoprotein genes are misannotated. We identified selenoprotein genes in sequenced mammalian genomes by methods that rely on identification of selenocysteine insertion RNA structures, the coding potential of UGA codons, and the presence of cysteine-containing homologs. The human selenoproteome consists of 25 selenoproteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kryukov, Gregory V -- Castellano, Sergi -- Novoselov, Sergey V -- Lobanov, Alexey V -- Zehtab, Omid -- Guigo, Roderic -- Gladyshev, Vadim N -- GM61603/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 30;300(5624):1439-43.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0664, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12775843" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Codon ; Codon, Terminator ; Computational Biology ; DNA Transposable Elements ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Open Reading Frames ; Proteins/*chemistry/*genetics ; *Proteome ; Rats ; *Selenium ; Selenocysteine/chemistry/*genetics ; Selenoproteins ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Software
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    The Genome sequence of the SARS-associated coronavirus (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-05-06
    Description: We sequenced the 29,751-base genome of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus known as the Tor2 isolate. The genome sequence reveals that this coronavirus is only moderately related to other known coronaviruses, including two human coronaviruses, HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-229E. Phylogenetic analysis of the predicted viral proteins indicates that the virus does not closely resemble any of the three previously known groups of coronaviruses. The genome sequence will aid in the diagnosis of SARS virus infection in humans and potential animal hosts (using polymerase chain reaction and immunological tests), in the development of antivirals (including neutralizing antibodies), and in the identification of putative epitopes for vaccine development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marra, Marco A -- Jones, Steven J M -- Astell, Caroline R -- Holt, Robert A -- Brooks-Wilson, Angela -- Butterfield, Yaron S N -- Khattra, Jaswinder -- Asano, Jennifer K -- Barber, Sarah A -- Chan, Susanna Y -- Cloutier, Alison -- Coughlin, Shaun M -- Freeman, Doug -- Girn, Noreen -- Griffith, Obi L -- Leach, Stephen R -- Mayo, Michael -- McDonald, Helen -- Montgomery, Stephen B -- Pandoh, Pawan K -- Petrescu, Anca S -- Robertson, A Gordon -- Schein, Jacqueline E -- Siddiqui, Asim -- Smailus, Duane E -- Stott, Jeff M -- Yang, George S -- Plummer, Francis -- Andonov, Anton -- Artsob, Harvey -- Bastien, Nathalie -- Bernard, Kathy -- Booth, Timothy F -- Bowness, Donnie -- Czub, Martin -- Drebot, Michael -- Fernando, Lisa -- Flick, Ramon -- Garbutt, Michael -- Gray, Michael -- Grolla, Allen -- Jones, Steven -- Feldmann, Heinz -- Meyers, Adrienne -- Kabani, Amin -- Li, Yan -- Normand, Susan -- Stroher, Ute -- Tipples, Graham A -- Tyler, Shaun -- Vogrig, Robert -- Ward, Diane -- Watson, Brynn -- Brunham, Robert C -- Krajden, Mel -- Petric, Martin -- Skowronski, Danuta M -- Upton, Chris -- Roper, Rachel L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 30;300(5624):1399-404. Epub 2003 May 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉British Columbia Cancer Agency (BCCA) Genome Sciences Centre, 600 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada. mmarra@bccgsc.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12730501" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3' Untranslated Regions ; 5' Untranslated Regions ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Conserved Sequence ; Coronavirus/classification/genetics ; DNA, Complementary ; Frameshifting, Ribosomal ; *Genome, Viral ; Humans ; Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry/genetics ; Nucleocapsid Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Open Reading Frames ; Phylogeny ; RNA Replicase/chemistry/genetics ; RNA, Viral/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; SARS Virus/classification/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/virology ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; Viral Envelope Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Viral Matrix Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Viral Proteins/chemistry/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Control of effector CD8+ T cell function by the transcription factor Eomesodermin (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-11-08
    Description: Activated CD8+ T cells play a critical role in host defense against viruses, intracellular microbes, and tumors. It is not clear if a key regulatory transcription factor unites the effector functions of CD8+ T cells. We now show that Eomesodermin (Eomes), a paralogue of T-bet, is induced in effector CD8+ T cells in vitro and in vivo. Ectopic expression of Eomes was sufficient to invoke attributes of effector CD8+ T cells, including interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), perforin, and granzyme B. Loss-of-function analysis suggests Eomes may also be necessary for full effector differentiation of CD8+ T cells. We suggest that Eomesodermin is likely to complement the actions of T-bet and act as a key regulatory gene in the development of cell-mediated immunity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pearce, Erika L -- Mullen, Alan C -- Martins, Gislaine A -- Krawczyk, Connie M -- Hutchins, Anne S -- Zediak, Valerie P -- Banica, Monica -- DiCioccio, Catherine B -- Gross, Darrick A -- Mao, Chai-An -- Shen, Hao -- Cereb, Nezih -- Yang, Soo Y -- Lindsten, Tullia -- Rossant, Janet -- Hunter, Christopher A -- Reiner, Steven L -- AI-042370/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM-07229/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 7;302(5647):1041-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, and Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14605368" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Arenaviridae Infections/immunology ; Base Sequence ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/physiology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Granzymes ; Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus/immunology ; Membrane Glycoproteins/biosynthesis/genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Perforin ; Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Serine Endopeptidases/biosynthesis/genetics ; T-Box Domain Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; Th2 Cells/immunology/physiology ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/physiology
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    Requirement of mammalian Timeless for circadian rhythmicity (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-10-18
    Description: Despite a central circadian role in Drosophila for the transcriptional regulator Timeless (dTim), the relevance of mammalian Timeless (mTim) remains equivocal. Conditional knockdown of mTim protein expression in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) disrupted SCN neuronal activity rhythms, and altered levels of known core clock elements. Full-length mTim protein (mTIM-fl) exhibited a 24-hour oscillation, where as a truncated isoform (mTIM-s) was constitutively expressed. mTIM-fl associated with the mammalian clock Period proteins (mPERs) in oscillating SCN cells. These data suggest that mTim is required for rhythmicity and is a functional homolog of dTim on the negative-feedback arm of the mammalian molecular clockwork.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barnes, Jessica W -- Tischkau, Shelley A -- Barnes, Jeffrey A -- Mitchell, Jennifer W -- Burgoon, Penny W -- Hickok, Jason R -- Gillette, Martha U -- GM07143/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL67007/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- NS10170/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS11134/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS11158/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS22155/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS35859/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL067007/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS022155/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS035859/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 17;302(5644):439-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell and Structural Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14564007" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Clocks ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Cell Line ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Cryptochromes ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Electrophysiology ; *Eye Proteins ; Flavoproteins/metabolism ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Neurons/physiology ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology ; Period Circadian Proteins ; *Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/*physiology ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Developmental biology. Newborn neurons search for meaning (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2003-01-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barinaga, Marcia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 3;299(5603):32-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12511626" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/cytology/*physiology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cell Survival ; Dentate Gyrus/cytology/*physiology ; Female ; Humans ; *Learning ; Male ; Memory ; Mice ; Neurons/*physiology ; Odors ; Olfactory Bulb/cytology/physiology ; Pregnancy ; Prolactin/*physiology ; Rats ; Receptors, Prolactin/genetics/physiology ; Seasons ; Smell ; Songbirds/physiology ; Stem Cells/physiology ; Vocalization, Animal
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    Hirschsprung disease is linked to defects in neural crest stem cell function (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-08-16
    Description: Genes associated with Hirschsprung disease, a failure to form enteric ganglia in the hindgut, were highly up-regulated in gut neural crest stem cells relative to whole-fetus RNA. One of these genes, the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) receptor Ret, was necessary for neural crest stem cell migration in the gut. GDNF promoted the migration of neural crest stem cells in culture but did not affect their survival or proliferation. Gene expression profiling, combined with reverse genetics and analyses of stem cell function, suggests that Hirschsprung disease is caused by defects in neural crest stem cell function.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2614078/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2614078/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Iwashita, Toshihide -- Kruger, Genevieve M -- Pardal, Ricardo -- Kiel, Mark J -- Morrison, Sean J -- CA46592/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DK58771/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- NIH5P60-DK20572/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 AR48310/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- P60-AR20557/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS040750/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS040750-01/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS40750-01/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R21 HD40760-02/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 15;301(5635):972-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0934, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12920301" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cell Movement ; Cell Separation ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Digestive System/cytology/*embryology/innervation/metabolism ; Fetus/metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Receptors ; Hirschsprung Disease/*etiology/genetics ; Mice ; Multipotent Stem Cells/*physiology ; Nerve Growth Factors/genetics/metabolism/pharmacology ; Neural Crest/*cytology/physiology ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*genetics/metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Signal Transduction ; Up-Regulation
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    American Chemical Society meeting. Molecular scaffolding helps raise a crop of neurons (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-10-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, Robert F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 3;302(5642):46-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14526056" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Hydrocarbons ; Mice ; *Nanotechnology ; Neurons/*cytology ; *Peptides/chemistry ; Rats ; Spinal Cord Injuries/therapy ; Stem Cells/*cytology
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    Hypermutation of HIV-1 DNA in the absence of the Vif protein (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2003-05-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lecossier, Denise -- Bouchonnet, Francine -- Clavel, Francois -- Hance, Allan J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 16;300(5622):1112.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉INSERM U552, Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12750511" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cytidine Deaminase ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; DNA, Viral/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Gene Products, vif/*physiology ; HIV-1/genetics/*physiology ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Nucleoside Deaminases ; Proteins/physiology ; Repressor Proteins ; Virion/genetics/physiology ; Virus Replication ; vif Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Synthesis of serotonin by a second tryptophan hydroxylase isoform (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2003-01-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walther, Diego J -- Peter, Jens-Uwe -- Bashammakh, Saleh -- Hortnagl, Heide -- Voits, Mechthild -- Fink, Heidrun -- Bader, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 3;299(5603):76.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rossle-Strasse 10, D-13092 Berlin-Buch, Germany. dwalther@mdc-berlin.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12511643" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Brain/*enzymology/metabolism ; COS Cells ; Cloning, Molecular ; Conserved Sequence ; DNA, Complementary ; Duodenum/enzymology/metabolism ; Humans ; Hydroxylation ; Isoenzymes/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Molecular Sequence Data ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Serotonin/*biosynthesis ; Transfection ; Tryptophan Hydroxylase/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Mutation of MEF2A in an inherited disorder with features of coronary artery disease (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-12-03
    Description: The early genetic pathway(s) triggering the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarction (MI) remain largely unknown. Here, we describe an autosomal dominant form of CAD/MI (adCAD1) that is caused by the deletion of seven amino acids in transcription factor MEF2A. The deletion disrupts nuclear localization of MEF2A, reduces MEF2A-mediated transcription activation, and abolishes synergistic activation by MEF2A and by the transcription factor GATA-1 through a dominant-negative mechanism. The MEF2A protein demonstrates strong expression in the endothelium of coronary arteries. These results identify a pathogenic gene for a familial vascular disease with features of CAD and implicate the MEF2A signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of CAD/MI.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1618876/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1618876/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Lejin -- Fan, Chun -- Topol, Sarah E -- Topol, Eric J -- Wang, Qing -- R01 HL065630/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL066251/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL65630/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL66251/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 28;302(5650):1578-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14645853" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Arteries/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15/genetics ; Coronary Artery Disease/*genetics/metabolism ; Coronary Vessels/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Dimerization ; Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism ; Erythroid-Specific DNA-Binding Factors ; Female ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; GATA1 Transcription Factor ; Gene Expression ; Genes, Dominant ; Genetic Linkage ; Genetic Markers ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; MADS Domain Proteins ; MEF2 Transcription Factors ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muscle, Smooth/cytology/metabolism ; Myocardial Infarction/*genetics/metabolism ; Myogenic Regulatory Factors ; Pedigree ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Transport ; Rats ; Risk Factors ; *Sequence Deletion ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Transcriptional Activation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Diffusion dynamics of glycine receptors revealed by single-quantum dot tracking (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-10-18
    Description: Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are nanometer-sized fluorescent probes suitable for advanced biological imaging. We used QDs to track individual glycine receptors (GlyRs) and analyze their lateral dynamics in the neuronal membrane of living cells for periods ranging from milliseconds to minutes. We characterized multiple diffusion domains in relation to the synaptic, perisynaptic, or extrasynaptic GlyR localization. The entry of GlyRs into the synapse by diffusion was observed and further confirmed by electron microscopy imaging of QD-tagged receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dahan, Maxime -- Levi, Sabine -- Luccardini, Camilla -- Rostaing, Philippe -- Riveau, Beatrice -- Triller, Antoine -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 17;302(5644):442-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, CNRS UMR 8552, Ecole Normale Superieure and Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France. maxime.dahan@lkb.ens.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14564008" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Membrane/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Cells, Cultured ; Dendrites/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Diffusion ; Fluorescence ; *Fluorescent Dyes ; Microscopy, Electron ; *Nanotechnology ; Neurites/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Neurons/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Pyridinium Compounds ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Glycine/*metabolism ; Semiconductors ; Spinal Cord/cytology ; Synapses/metabolism/ultrastructure
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Inhibition of neuroepithelial patched-induced apoptosis by sonic hedgehog (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-08-09
    Description: During early development in vertebrates, Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is produced by the notochord and the floor plate. A ventrodorsal gradient of Shh directs ventrodorsal patterning of the neural tube. However, Shh is also required for the survival of neuroepithelial cells. We show that Patched (Ptc) induces apoptotic cell death unless its ligand Shh is present to block the signal. Moreover, the blockade of Ptc-induced cell death partly rescues the chick spinal cord defect provoked by Shh deprivation. Thus, the proapoptotic activity of unbound Ptc and the positive effect of Shh-bound Ptc on cell differentiation probably cooperate to achieve the appropriate spinal cord development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thibert, Chantal -- Teillet, Marie-Aimee -- Lapointe, Francoise -- Mazelin, Laetitia -- Le Douarin, Nicole M -- Mehlen, Patrick -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 8;301(5634):843-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Apoptosis/Differentiation Laboratory, "La Ligue," Molecular and Cellular Genetic Center, CNRS Unite Mixte Recherche (UMR) 5534, University of Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12907805" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Caspase 3 ; Caspases/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Central Nervous System/cytology/*embryology/metabolism ; Chick Embryo ; Electroporation ; Epithelial Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Hedgehog Proteins ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mutation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rats ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; Signal Transduction ; Spinal Cord/cytology/embryology ; Trans-Activators/genetics/*metabolism ; Transfection
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Constitutive display of cryptic translation products by MHC class I molecules (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-09-06
    Description: Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules display tens of thousands of peptides on the cell surface, derived from virtually all endogenous proteins, for inspection by cytotoxic T cells (CTLs). We show that, in normal mouse cells, MHC I molecules present a peptide encoded in the 3' "untranslated" region. Despite its rarity, the peptide elicits CTL responses and induces self-tolerance, establishing that immune surveillance extends well beyond conventional polypeptides. Furthermore, translation of this cryptic peptide occurs by a previously unknown mechanism that decodes the CUG initiation codon as leucine rather than the canonical methionine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schwab, Susan R -- Li, Katy C -- Kang, Chulho -- Shastri, Nilabh -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Sep 5;301(5638):1367-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12958358" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3' Untranslated Regions ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Antigen Presentation ; B-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Codon, Initiator ; Codon, Terminator ; Dendritic Cells/immunology/metabolism ; Female ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; H-2 Antigens/*immunology ; Hybridomas ; Leucine/genetics/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Minor Histocompatibility Antigens/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptides/*genetics/*immunology ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; Proteins/genetics ; Self Tolerance ; Spleen/cytology/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology ; Transfection ; Transgenes
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Finding functional features in Saccharomyces genomes by phylogenetic footprinting (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-05-31
    Description: The sifting and winnowing of DNA sequence that occur during evolution cause nonfunctional sequences to diverge, leaving phylogenetic footprints of functional sequence elements in comparisons of genome sequences. We searched for such footprints among the genome sequences of six Saccharomyces species and identified potentially functional sequences. Comparison of these sequences allowed us to revise the catalog of yeast genes and identify sequence motifs that may be targets of transcriptional regulatory proteins. Some of these conserved sequence motifs reside upstream of genes with similar functional annotations or similar expression patterns or those bound by the same transcription factor and are thus good candidates for functional regulatory sequences.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cliften, Paul -- Sudarsanam, Priya -- Desikan, Ashwin -- Fulton, Lucinda -- Fulton, Bob -- Majors, John -- Waterston, Robert -- Cohen, Barak A -- Johnston, Mark -- R01 GM63803/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 4;301(5629):71-6. Epub 2003 May 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12775844" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Computational Biology ; *Conserved Sequence ; *DNA, Intergenic ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Genes, Fungal ; *Genome, Fungal ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Phylogeny ; *Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Saccharomyces/classification/*genetics/physiology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/physiology ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Neuroscience. Possible role for environmental copper in Alzheimer's disease (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-08-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, Jean -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 15;301(5635):905.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12920276" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alzheimer Disease/*etiology/metabolism/pathology ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/*metabolism ; Animals ; Brain/metabolism/pathology ; Cholesterol, Dietary/*administration & dosage ; Copper/analysis/*toxicity ; Drinking ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Plaque, Amyloid/pathology ; Rabbits ; Water/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Evolution. Heirlooms in the attic (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-11-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johnston, Mark -- Stormo, Gary D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 7;302(5647):997-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. mj@wustl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14605357" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chickens/genetics ; Chromosomes/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7/genetics ; Chromosomes, Mammalian/genetics ; *Conserved Sequence ; DNA, Intergenic/*genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Fishes/genetics ; Genome ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Mammals/genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 45
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    A targeting motif involved in sodium channel clustering at the axonal initial segment (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-06-28
    Description: The sorting of sodium channels to axons and the formation of clusters are of primary importance for neuronal electrogenesis. Here, we showed that the cytoplasmic loop connecting domains II and III of the Nav1 subunit contains a determinant conferring compartmentalization in the axonal initial segment of rat hippocampal neurons. Expression of a soluble Nav1.2II-III linker protein led to the disorganization of endogenous sodium channels. The motif was sufficient to redirect a somatodendritic potassium channel to the axonal initial segment, a process involving association with ankyrin G. Thus, this motif may play a fundamental role in controlling electrical excitability during development and plasticity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garrido, Juan Jose -- Giraud, Pierre -- Carlier, Edmond -- Fernandes, Fanny -- Moussif, Anissa -- Fache, Marie-Pierre -- Debanne, Dominique -- Dargent, Benedicte -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jun 27;300(5628):2091-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale Unite 464, Institut Jean Roche, Universite de la Mediterranee, Faculte de Medecine Secteur-Nord, Boulevard P. Dramard, 13916 Marseille Cedex 20, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12829783" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Ankyrins/metabolism ; Axons/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Delayed Rectifier Potassium Channels ; Hippocampus/cytology ; Humans ; Ion Channel Gating ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; NAV1.2 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Neurons/metabolism ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Potassium Channels/metabolism ; *Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Transport ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Sodium Channels/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Transfection
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    Neuroscience. Stout guards of the central nervous system (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-10-04
    Description: Endocannabinoids have paradoxical effects on the mammalian nervous system: Sometimes they block neuronal excitability and other times they augment it. In their Perspective, Mechoulam and Lichtman discuss new work (Marsicano et al.) showing that activation of the cannabinoid receptor CB1 by the endocannabinoid anandamide protects against excitotoxic damage in a mouse model of kainic acid-induced epilepsy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mechoulam, R -- Lichtman, A H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 3;302(5642):65-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Medical Faculty, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel. mechou@cc.huji.ac.il〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14526067" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anticonvulsants/metabolism ; Arachidonic Acids/*metabolism/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Brain/drug effects/*metabolism ; Brain Diseases/drug therapy ; Cannabidiol/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators ; Cannabinoids/*metabolism/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Convulsants/metabolism ; Dronabinol/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Endocannabinoids ; Epilepsy/drug therapy/*metabolism ; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists/pharmacology ; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Glycerides/metabolism/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Kainic Acid/pharmacology ; Mice ; Neurons/drug effects/metabolism ; Neuroprotective Agents/*metabolism ; Polyunsaturated Alkamides ; Rats ; Receptors, Cannabinoid ; Receptors, Drug/agonists/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism
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    Medicine. Drug deals diabetes a one-two punch (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-07-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 18;301(5631):290.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12869732" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*drug therapy/metabolism ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Enzyme Activation ; Enzyme Activators/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Glucokinase/*metabolism ; Glucose/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents/chemistry/pharmacology ; Insulin/*secretion ; Islets of Langerhans/*drug effects/secretion ; Liver/*drug effects/metabolism ; Mice ; Rats
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    Essential role of Fkbp6 in male fertility and homologous chromosome pairing in meiosis (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-05-24
    Description: Meiosis is a critical stage of gametogenesis in which alignment and synapsis of chromosomal pairs occur, allowing for the recombination of maternal and paternal genomes. Here we show that FK506 binding protein (Fkbp6) localizes to meiotic chromosome cores and regions of homologous chromosome synapsis. Targeted inactivation of Fkbp6 in mice results in aspermic males and the absence of normal pachytene spermatocytes. Moreover, we identified the deletion of Fkbp6 exon 8 as the causative mutation in spontaneously male sterile as/as mutant rats. Loss of Fkbp6 results in abnormal pairing and misalignments between homologous chromosomes, nonhomologous partner switches, and autosynapsis of X chromosome cores in meiotic spermatocytes. Fertility and meiosis are normal in Fkbp6 mutant females. Thus, Fkbp6 is a component of the synaptonemal complex essential for sex-specific fertility and for the fidelity of homologous chromosome pairing in meiosis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2882960/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2882960/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crackower, Michael A -- Kolas, Nadine K -- Noguchi, Junko -- Sarao, Renu -- Kikuchi, Kazuhiro -- Kaneko, Hiroyuki -- Kobayashi, Eiji -- Kawai, Yasuhiro -- Kozieradzki, Ivona -- Landers, Rushin -- Mo, Rong -- Hui, Chi-Chung -- Nieves, Edward -- Cohen, Paula E -- Osborne, Lucy R -- Wada, Teiji -- Kunieda, Tetsuo -- Moens, Peter B -- Penninger, Josef M -- 38103/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 23;300(5623):1291-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), c/o Dr. Bohrgasse 7, 1030, Vienna, Austria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12764197" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Chromosome Pairing/*physiology ; Cloning, Molecular ; Exons ; Female ; Fertility/*physiology ; Gene Targeting ; Humans ; Infertility, Male/genetics/*physiopathology ; Male ; *Meiosis ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Oogenesis ; Ovary/physiology ; Prophase ; Rats ; Sequence Deletion ; Spermatids/physiology ; Spermatocytes/physiology/ultrastructure ; Spermatogenesis ; Synaptonemal Complex/*physiology ; Tacrolimus Binding Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology ; Testis/physiology ; X Chromosome/physiology
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    Hong Kong SARS sequence (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-07-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leung, Frederick C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 18;301(5631):309-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12869741" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 5' Untranslated Regions ; Base Sequence ; DNA Primers ; Gene Library ; *Genome, Viral ; Internet ; RNA, Viral/*genetics ; SARS Virus/*genetics ; Sequence Analysis, RNA
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    High-probability uniquantal transmission at excitatory synapses in barrel cortex (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-12-13
    Description: The number of vesicles released at excitatory synapses and the number of release sites per synaptic connection are key determinants of information processing in the cortex, yet they remain uncertain. Here we show that the number of functional release sites and the number of anatomically identified synaptic contacts are equal at connections between spiny stellate and pyramidal cells in rat barrel cortex. Moreover, our results indicate that the amount of transmitter released per synaptic contact is independent of release probability and the intrinsic release probability is high. These properties suggest that connections between layer 4 and layer 2/3 are tuned for reliable transmission of spatially distributed, timing-based signals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Silver, R Angus -- Lubke, Joachim -- Sakmann, Bert -- Feldmeyer, Dirk -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 12;302(5652):1981-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K. a.silver@ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14671309" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Axons/physiology/ultrastructure ; Calcium/pharmacology ; Dendrites/physiology/ultrastructure ; Dipeptides/pharmacology ; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/pharmacology ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials/drug effects ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; In Vitro Techniques ; Kynurenic Acid/pharmacology ; Lysine/*analogs & derivatives ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Probability ; Pyramidal Cells/physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Glutamate/metabolism ; Somatosensory Cortex/cytology/*physiology ; Synapses/*physiology ; Synaptic Transmission/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Molecular biology. MeCP2 repression goes nonglobal (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-11-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Klose, Robert -- Bird, Adrian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 31;302(5646):793-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14593157" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/*genetics/physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromatin/metabolism ; *Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone ; CpG Islands/*physiology ; *DNA Methylation ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Silencing ; Histones/metabolism ; Humans ; Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2 ; Mice ; Mutation ; Nervous System/embryology ; Neurons/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Potassium Chloride/pharmacology ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Rats ; *Repressor Proteins ; Rett Syndrome/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic ; Xenopus Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Xenopus laevis
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Detection of hydroxyl ions in bone mineral by solid-state NMR spectroscopy (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-05-17
    Description: Previous measurements of the hydroxyl (OH-) ion content of the calcium phosphate crystals of bone mineral have indicated a substantial depletion or near-absence of OH-, despite its presumed status as a constituent of the hydroxyapatite lattice. Analytical methods for determining bone crystal OH- content have depended on procedures or assumptions that may have biased the results, such as chemical pretreatment to eliminate interference from the organic matrix. We demonstrate a two-dimensional solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy technique that detects the proton spectrum of bone crystals while suppressing the interfering matrix signals, eliminating the need for specimen pretreatment other than cryogenic grinding. Results on fresh-frozen and ground whole bone of several mammalian species show that the bone crystal OH- is readily detectable; a rough estimate yields an OH- content of human cortical bone of about 20% of the amount expected in stoichiometric hydroxyapatite. This finding sheds light on the biochemical processes underlying normal and abnormal bone mineral metabolism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cho, Gyunggoo -- Wu, Yaotang -- Ackerman, Jerome L -- AR42258/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- RR03264/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 16;300(5622):1123-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biomaterials Laboratory, NMR Center, Room 2301, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12750514" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone Density ; Bone and Bones/*chemistry ; Calcium Phosphates/chemistry ; Cattle ; Crystallization ; Humans ; Hydroxides/*analysis ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/*methods ; Minerals/chemistry ; Rats
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    Design and chemical synthesis of a homogeneous polymer-modified erythropoiesis protein (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-02-08
    Description: We report the design and total chemical synthesis of "synthetic erythropoiesis protein" (SEP), a 51-kilodalton protein-polymer construct consisting of a 166-amino-acid polypeptide chain and two covalently attached, branched, and monodisperse polymer moieties that are negatively charged. The ability to control the chemistry allowed us to synthesize a macromolecule of precisely defined covalent structure. SEP was homogeneous as shown by high-resolution analytical techniques, with a mass of 50,825 +/-10 daltons by electrospray mass spectrometry, and with a pI of 5.0. In cell and animal assays for erythropoiesis, SEP displayed potent biological activity and had significantly prolonged duration of action in vivo. These chemical methods are a powerful tool in the rational design of protein constructs with potential therapeutic applications.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kochendoerfer, Gerd G -- Chen, Shiah-Yun -- Mao, Feng -- Cressman, Sonya -- Traviglia, Stacey -- Shao, Haiyan -- Hunter, Christie L -- Low, Donald W -- Cagle, E Neil -- Carnevali, Maia -- Gueriguian, Vincent -- Keogh, Peter J -- Porter, Heather -- Stratton, Stephen M -- Wiedeke, M Con -- Wilken, Jill -- Tang, Jie -- Levy, Jay J -- Miranda, Les P -- Crnogorac, Milan M -- Kalbag, Suresh -- Botti, Paolo -- Schindler-Horvat, Janice -- Savatski, Laura -- Adamson, John W -- Kung, Ada -- Kent, Stephen B H -- Bradburne, James A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Feb 7;299(5608):884-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Gryphon Therapeutics, 250 East Grand Avenue, Suite 90, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA. Gkochendoerfer@gryphonRX.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12574628" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Circular Dichroism ; *Drug Design ; Drug Stability ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; *Erythropoiesis ; Erythropoietin/chemistry/pharmacology ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Isoelectric Point ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Structure ; Molecular Weight ; *Polymers/*chemical synthesis/*chemistry/pharmacokinetics/pharmacology ; Protein Folding ; Proteins/*chemical synthesis/*chemistry/pharmacokinetics/pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, Erythropoietin/drug effects/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Evolution of the protein repertoire (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-06-14
    Description: Most proteins have been formed by gene duplication, recombination, and divergence. Proteins of known structure can be matched to about 50% of genome sequences, and these data provide a quantitative description and can suggest hypotheses about the origins of these processes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chothia, Cyrus -- Gough, Julian -- Vogel, Christine -- Teichmann, Sarah A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jun 13;300(5626):1701-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Structural Studies Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12805536" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Computational Biology ; Enzymes/*chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Duplication ; Genome ; Humans ; Metabolism ; Mutation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins/*chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Recombination, Genetic ; Substrate Specificity
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    Single-molecule kinetics of lambda exonuclease reveal base dependence and dynamic disorder (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-08-30
    Description: We used a multiplexed approach based on flow-stretched DNA to monitor the enzymatic digestion of lambda-phage DNA by individual bacteriophage lambda exonuclease molecules. Statistical analyses of multiple single-molecule trajectories observed simultaneously reveal that the catalytic rate is dependent on the local base content of the substrate DNA. By relating single-molecule kinetics to the free energies of hydrogen bonding and base stacking, we establish that the melting of a base from the DNA is the rate-limiting step in the catalytic cycle. The catalytic rate also exhibits large fluctuations independent of the sequence, which we attribute to conformational changes of the enzyme-DNA complex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉van Oijen, Antoine M -- Blainey, Paul C -- Crampton, Donald J -- Richardson, Charles C -- Ellenberger, Tom -- Xie, X Sunney -- 5R01GM61577-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM55390-07/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 29;301(5637):1235-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12947199" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteriophage lambda/*enzymology ; Base Composition ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; DNA, Single-Stranded/chemistry/*metabolism ; DNA, Viral/chemistry/*metabolism ; Exodeoxyribonucleases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrolysis ; Kinetics ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Protein Conformation ; Thermodynamics ; Viral Proteins
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    Molecular biology. A self-help guide for a trim genome (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-06-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Selker, Eric U -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jun 6;300(5625):1517-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12791973" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; DNA Transposable Elements ; DNA, Protozoan/genetics/*metabolism ; Genes, Protozoan ; *Genome, Protozoan ; Methylation ; Models, Genetic ; Protozoan Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Double-Stranded/*metabolism ; RNA, Protozoan/*metabolism ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; *Sequence Deletion ; Tetrahymena thermophila/*genetics/growth & development/metabolism ; Transgenes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Dating the tree of life (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-06-14
    Description: The relative merits of molecular and paleontological dates of major branching points in the tree of life are currently debated. In some cases, molecular date estimates are up to twice as old as paleontological dates. However, although it is true that paleontological dates are often too young (missing fossils), molecular dates are often too old (statistical bias). Intense study of the dating of major splits in the tree of mammals has shown rapprochement as fossil dates become older and molecular dates become younger.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Benton, Michael J -- Ayala, Francisco J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jun 13;300(5626):1698-700.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK. Mike.Benton@bris.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12805535" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; Birds/classification ; Classification/*methods ; DNA/analysis ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Fossils ; Invertebrates/classification ; Mammals/classification ; *Paleontology ; *Phylogeny ; Plants/classification ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Proteins/analysis ; RNA/analysis ; Time ; Vertebrates/classification
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    Medicine. A sigh of relief for painkillers (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-07-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 11;301(5630):150.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12855777" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Analgesics, Opioid/*pharmacology/toxicity ; Animals ; Brain Stem/cytology/*metabolism ; Fentanyl/*pharmacology/toxicity ; Neurons/metabolism ; Pain Measurement ; Rats ; Receptors, Opioid, mu/*metabolism ; Receptors, Serotonin/*metabolism ; Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT4 ; Respiration/*drug effects
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    Redox regulation of germline and vulval development in Caenorhabditis elegans (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-12-06
    Description: In vitro studies have indicated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the oxidation of signaling molecules are important mediators of signal transduction. We have identified two pathways by which the altered redox chemistry of the clk-1 mutants of Caenorhabditis elegans acts in vivo on germline development. One pathway depends on the oxidation of an analog of vertebrate low density lipoprotein (LDL) and acts on the germline through the Ack-related tyrosine kinase (ARK-1) kinase and inositol trisphosphate (IP3) signaling. The other pathway is the oncogenic ras signaling pathway, whose action on germline as well as vulval development appears to be modulated by cytoplasmic ROS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shibata, Yukimasa -- Branicky, Robyn -- Landaverde, Irene Oviedo -- Hekimi, Siegfried -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 5;302(5651):1779-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Avenue Docteur Penfield, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3A 1B1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14657502" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Apolipoproteins B/genetics/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics/*growth & development/*metabolism ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Cholesterol/metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; Disorders of Sex Development ; Female ; Inositol Phosphates/metabolism ; Lipoproteins, LDL/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Phenotype ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; RNA Interference ; Reactive Oxygen Species/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Vulva/growth & development ; ras Proteins/genetics/metabolism
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    A modular PIP2 binding site as a determinant of capsaicin receptor sensitivity (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-05-24
    Description: The capsaicin receptor (TRPV1), a heat-activated ion channel of the pain pathway, is sensitized by phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) hydrolysis after phospholipase C activation. We identify a site within the C-terminal domain of TRPV1 that is required for PIP2-mediated inhibition of channel gating. Mutations that weaken PIP2-TRPV1 interaction reduce thresholds for chemical or thermal stimuli, whereas TRPV1 channels in which this region is replaced with a lipid-binding domain from PIP2-activated potassium channels remain inhibited by PIP2. The PIP2-interaction domain therefore serves as a critical determinant of thermal threshold and dynamic sensitivity range, tuning TRPV1, and thus the sensory neuron, to appropriately detect heat under normal or pathophysiological conditions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Prescott, Elizabeth D -- Julius, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 23;300(5623):1284-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-2140, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12764195" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Arsenicals/pharmacology ; Binding Sites ; Capsaicin/metabolism/pharmacology ; Carrier Proteins ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Ion Channel Gating ; Membrane Proteins ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Oocytes ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rats ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism ; Receptor, trkA/metabolism ; Receptors, Drug/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Sequence Deletion ; Type C Phospholipases/metabolism ; Xenopus
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    Targeted protein degradation and synapse remodeling by an inducible protein kinase (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-10-25
    Description: Synaptic plasticity involves the reorganization of synapses at the protein and the morphological levels. Here, we report activity-dependent remodeling of synapses by serum-inducible kinase (SNK). SNK was induced in hippocampal neurons by synaptic activity and was targeted to dendritic spines. SNK bound to and phosphorylated spine-associated Rap guanosine triphosphatase activating protein (SPAR), a postsynaptic actin regulatory protein, leading to degradation of SPAR. Induction of SNK in hippocampal neurons eliminated SPAR protein, depleted postsynaptic density-95 and Bassoon clusters, and caused loss of mature dendritic spines. These results implicate SNK as a mediator of activity-dependent change in the molecular composition and morphology of synapses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pak, Daniel T S -- Sheng, Morgan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 21;302(5649):1368-73. Epub 2003 Oct 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Picower Center for Learning and Memory, RIKEN Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Neuroscience Research Center, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. dtp6@georgetown.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14576440" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/metabolism ; Animals ; COS Cells ; Cells, Cultured ; Cysteine Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Dendrites/chemistry/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Enzyme Induction ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; GTPase-Activating Proteins/analysis/*metabolism ; Hippocampus/cytology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Multienzyme Complexes/metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism ; *Neuronal Plasticity ; Phosphorylation ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Pseudopodia/ultrastructure ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Synapses/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Transfection ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques ; Ubiquitin/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism
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    Neuroscience. The ups and downs of Wnt signaling (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-12-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Imondi, Ralph -- Thomas, John B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 12;302(5652):1903-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. imondi@salk.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14671283" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/*physiology ; Central Nervous System/cytology/*embryology/metabolism ; Cues ; Diffusion ; Frizzled Receptors ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Growth Cones/physiology ; Mice ; Models, Neurological ; Neurons/physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Spinal Cord/*cytology/embryology/metabolism ; Wnt Proteins ; Wnt4 Protein
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    Synaptic plasticity in spinal lamina I projection neurons that mediate hyperalgesia (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-02-22
    Description: Inflammation, trauma, or nerve injury may cause enduring hyperalgesia, an enhanced sensitivity to painful stimuli. Neurons in lamina I of the spinal dorsal horn that express the neurokinin 1 receptor for substance P mediate this abnormal pain sensitivity by an unknown cellular mechanism. We report that in these, but not in other nociceptive lamina I cells, neurokinin 1 receptor-activated signal transduction pathways and activation of low-threshold (T-type) voltage-gated calcium channels synergistically facilitate activity- and calcium-dependent long-term potentiation at synapses from nociceptive nerve fibers. Thereby, memory traces of painful events are retained.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ikeda, Hiroshi -- Heinke, Bernhard -- Ruscheweyh, Ruth -- Sandkuhler, Jurgen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Feb 21;299(5610):1237-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12595694" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials/drug effects ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Channels, T-Type/*metabolism ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Hyperalgesia/*physiopathology ; Ion Channel Gating ; *Long-Term Potentiation ; Membrane Potentials ; Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated/physiology ; Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists ; Nickel/pharmacology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Posterior Horn Cells/metabolism/*physiology ; Quinuclidines/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism ; Receptors, Neurokinin-1/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Substance P/pharmacology
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    5-HT4(a) receptors avert opioid-induced breathing depression without loss of analgesia (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-07-12
    Description: Opiates are widely used analgesics in anesthesiology, but they have serious adverse effects such as depression of breathing. This is caused by direct inhibition of rhythm-generating respiratory neurons in the Pre-Boetzinger complex (PBC) of the brainstem. We report that serotonin 4(a) [5-HT4(a)] receptors are strongly expressed in respiratory PBC neurons and that their selective activation protects spontaneous respiratory activity. Treatment of rats with a 5-HT4 receptor-specific agonist overcame fentanyl-induced respiratory depression and reestablished stable respiratory rhythm without loss of fentanyl's analgesic effect. These findings imply the prospect of a fine-tuned recovery from opioid-induced respiratory depression, through adjustment of intracellular adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate levels through the convergent signaling pathways in neurons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Manzke, Till -- Guenther, Ulf -- Ponimaskin, Evgeni G -- Haller, Miriam -- Dutschmann, Mathias -- Schwarzacher, Stephan -- Richter, Diethelm W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 11;301(5630):226-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University of Goettingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Goettingen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12855812" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Analgesics, Opioid/*pharmacology/toxicity ; Animals ; Benzimidazoles/pharmacology ; Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/pharmacology ; Brain Stem/cytology/*metabolism ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Fentanyl/*pharmacology/toxicity ; In Vitro Techniques ; Interneurons/metabolism ; Medulla Oblongata/cytology/metabolism ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Pain Measurement ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Neurokinin-1/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Opioid, mu/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Serotonin/*metabolism ; Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT4 ; Respiration/*drug effects ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Serotonin Receptor Agonists/pharmacology ; Signal Transduction ; Spinal Cord
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    Cell biology. NO says yes to mitochondria (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-02-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, Guy C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Feb 7;299(5608):838-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK. gcb@mole.bio.cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12574611" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipocytes/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Adipose Tissue, Brown/cytology/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Cyclic GMP/metabolism ; Energy Metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mitochondria/*metabolism ; Muscles/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Nitric Oxide/*physiology ; Nitric Oxide Synthase/*metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III ; Oxygen Consumption ; Rats ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Up-Regulation ; Weight Gain
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    A four-base paired genetic helix with expanded size (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-11-01
    Description: We describe a new molecular class of genetic-pairing system that has a native DNA backbone but has all four base pairs replaced by new, larger pairs. The base pairs include size-expanded analogs of thymine and of adenine, both extended by the width of a benzene ring (2.4 A). The expanded-diameter double helices are more thermodynamically stable than the Watson-Crick helix, likely because of enhanced base stacking. Structural data confirm a right-handed, double-stranded, and base-paired helical form. Because of the larger base size, all the pairs of this helical system are fluorescent, which suggests practical applications in detection of natural DNA and RNA. Our findings establish that there is no apparent structural or thermodynamic prohibition against genetic systems having sizes different from the natural one.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Haibo -- Gao, Jianmin -- Lynch, Stephen R -- Saito, Y David -- Maynard, Lystranne -- Kool, Eric T -- GM52956/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM63587/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 31;302(5646):868-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5080, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14593180" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenine/*analogs & derivatives/chemistry ; *Base Pairing ; Base Sequence ; Benzene/chemistry ; Circular Dichroism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ; *Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Nucleic Acid Denaturation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/*chemistry ; Temperature ; Thermodynamics ; Thymine/*analogs & derivatives/chemistry
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    Inactivation of TNF signaling by rationally designed dominant-negative TNF variants (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-09-27
    Description: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a key regulator of inflammatory responses and has been implicated in many pathological conditions. We used structure-based design to engineer variant TNF proteins that rapidly form heterotrimers with native TNF to give complexes that neither bind to nor stimulate signaling through TNF receptors. Thus, TNF is inactivated by sequestration. Dominant-negative TNFs represent a possible approach to anti-inflammatory biotherapeutics, and experiments in animal models show that the strategy can attenuate TNF-mediated pathology. Similar rational design could be used to engineer inhibitors of additional TNF superfamily cytokines as well as other multimeric ligands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Steed, Paul M -- Tansey, Malu G -- Zalevsky, Jonathan -- Zhukovsky, Eugene A -- Desjarlais, John R -- Szymkowski, David E -- Abbott, Christina -- Carmichael, David -- Chan, Cheryl -- Cherry, Lisa -- Cheung, Peter -- Chirino, Arthur J -- Chung, Hyo H -- Doberstein, Stephen K -- Eivazi, Araz -- Filikov, Anton V -- Gao, Sarah X -- Hubert, Rene S -- Hwang, Marian -- Hyun, Linus -- Kashi, Sandhya -- Kim, Alice -- Kim, Esther -- Kung, James -- Martinez, Sabrina P -- Muchhal, Umesh S -- Nguyen, Duc-Hanh T -- O'Brien, Christopher -- O'Keefe, Donald -- Singer, Karen -- Vafa, Omid -- Vielmetter, Jost -- Yoder, Sean C -- Dahiyat, Bassil I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Sep 26;301(5641):1895-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Xencor, 111 West Lemon Avenue, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14512626" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Antigens, CD/metabolism ; Apoptosis ; Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy ; Biopolymers ; Caspases/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Computer Simulation ; Disease Progression ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Galactosamine/pharmacology ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Liver/drug effects ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Point Mutation ; *Protein Engineering ; Rats ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/metabolism ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II ; *Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factor RelA ; Transcription, Genetic ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/*antagonists & ; inhibitors/genetics/metabolism/*pharmacology
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    Neuroscience. Microglia: the enemy within? (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-12-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kempermann, Gerd -- Neumann, Harald -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 5;302(5651):1689-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neuronal Stem Cells Research Group, Max-Delbruck-Centrum fur Molekulare Medizin Berlin-Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany. gerd.kempermann@mdc-berlin.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14657479" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/physiology ; Cell Differentiation ; Hippocampus/cytology/immunology/*physiology/radiation effects ; Immunity, Innate ; Inflammation/drug therapy/*physiopathology ; Inflammation Mediators/physiology ; Interleukin-6/*physiology ; Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology ; Mice ; Microglia/*physiology ; Minocycline/pharmacology ; Neuronal Plasticity/drug effects ; Neurons/*physiology ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/physiology/radiation effects
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    Roles of NPM2 in chromatin and nucleolar organization in oocytes and embryos (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-04-26
    Description: Upon fertilization, remodeling of condensed maternal and paternal gamete DNA occurs to form the diploid genome. In Xenopus laevis, nucleoplasmin 2 (NPM2) decondenses sperm DNA in vitro. To study chromatin remodeling in vivo, we isolated mammalian NPM2 orthologs. Mouse NPM2 accumulates in oocyte nuclei and persists in preimplantation embryos. Npm2 knockout females have fertility defects owing to failed preimplantation embryo development. Although sperm DNA decondensation proceeds without NPM2, abnormalities are evident in oocyte and early embryonic nuclei. These defects include an absence of coalesced nucleolar structures and loss of heterochromatin and deacetylated histone H3 that normally circumscribe nucleoli in oocytes and early embryos, respectively. Thus, Npm2 is a maternal effect gene critical for nuclear and nucleolar organization and embryonic development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burns, Kathleen H -- Viveiros, Maria M -- Ren, Yongsheng -- Wang, Pei -- DeMayo, Francesco J -- Frail, Donald E -- Eppig, John J -- Matzuk, Martin M -- HD07495/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD21970/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD33438/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD42500/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- T32GM07330/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 25;300(5619):633-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12714744" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Nucleolus/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Chorionic Gonadotropin/pharmacology ; Chromatin/physiology/ultrastructure ; Crosses, Genetic ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Embryo, Mammalian/*physiology ; *Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Female ; Fertilization ; Heterochromatin/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Histones/metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Meiosis ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mitosis ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; Nucleoplasmins ; Oocytes/*physiology ; Oogenesis ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Rats ; Spindle Apparatus/physiology/ultrastructure ; Transcription, Genetic ; Zygote/physiology
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    Loss of an MDR transporter in compact stalks of maize br2 and sorghum dw3 mutants (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-10-04
    Description: Agriculturally advantageous reduction in plant height is usually achieved by blocking the action or production of gibberellins. Here, we describe a different dwarfing mechanism found in maize brachytic2 (br2) mutants characterized by compact lower stalk internodes. The height reduction in these plants results from the loss of a P-glycoprotein that modulates polar auxin transport in the maize stalk. The sorghum ortholog of br2 is dwarf3 (dw3), an unstable mutant of long-standing commercial interest and concern. A direct duplication within the dw3 gene is responsible for its mutant nature and also for its instability, because it facilitates unequal crossing-over at the locus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Multani, Dilbag S -- Briggs, Steven P -- Chamberlin, Mark A -- Blakeslee, Joshua J -- Murphy, Angus S -- Johal, Gurmukh S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 3;302(5642):81-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Pioneer Hi-Bred International, 7250 Northwest 62nd Avenue, Johnston, IA 50131, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14526073" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Biological Transport ; Cloning, Molecular ; Crossing Over, Genetic ; Gene Duplication ; *Genes, Plant ; Genes, Recessive ; Indoleacetic Acids/*metabolism ; Light ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; P-Glycoproteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Plant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Plant Stems/cytology/metabolism ; Poaceae/cytology/genetics/growth & development/*metabolism ; Recombination, Genetic ; Zea mays/cytology/genetics/growth & development/*metabolism
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    A wish list for learning about learning (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-04-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Greg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 4;300(5616):79.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12677055" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/cytology/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; *Diagnostic Imaging ; Fluorescent Dyes ; *Learning ; Luminescent Proteins ; Mice ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Rats ; Synapses/physiology
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    Comment on "Hexapod origins: monophyletic or paraphyletic?" (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-09-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Delsuc, Frederic -- Phillips, Matthew J -- Penny, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Sep 12;301(5639):1482; author reply 1482.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Allan Wilson Center for Molecular, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Molecular BioSciences, Science Tower D, Massey University, Post Office Box 11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand. D.Penny@massey.ac.nz〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12970547" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Arthropods/classification/*genetics ; Base Composition ; Base Sequence ; Bayes Theorem ; Insects/classification/genetics ; Likelihood Functions ; Mitochondria/genetics ; *Phylogeny ; Proteins/chemistry/genetics
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    Structure-based carbon nanotube sorting by sequence-dependent DNA assembly (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-12-04
    Description: Wrapping of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) was found to be sequence-dependent. A systematic search of the ssDNA library selected a sequence d(GT)n, n = 10 to 45 that self-assembles into a helical structure around individual nanotubes in such a way that the electrostatics of the DNA-CNT hybrid depends on tube diameter and electronic properties, enabling nanotube separation by anion exchange chromatography. Optical absorption and Raman spectroscopy show that early fractions are enriched in the smaller diameter and metallic tubes, whereas late fractions are enriched in the larger diameter and semiconducting tubes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zheng, Ming -- Jagota, Anand -- Strano, Michael S -- Santos, Adelina P -- Barone, Paul -- Chou, S Grace -- Diner, Bruce A -- Dresselhaus, Mildred S -- McLean, Robert S -- Onoa, G Bibiana -- Samsonidze, Georgii G -- Semke, Ellen D -- Usrey, Monica -- Walls, Dennis J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 28;302(5650):1545-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉DuPont Central Research and Development, Experimental Station, Wilmington, DE 19880, USA. ming.zheng@usa.dupont.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14645843" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anions ; Base Sequence ; Chromatography, Ion Exchange ; DNA, Single-Stranded/*chemistry ; Deoxyribonucleotides/chemistry ; Gene Library ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Microscopy, Atomic Force ; *Nanotechnology ; *Nanotubes, Carbon ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Semiconductors ; Spectrum Analysis ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman ; Static Electricity
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    Generation of fertile cloned rats by regulating oocyte activation (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-09-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhou, Qi -- Renard, Jean-Paul -- Le Friec, Gaelle -- Brochard, Vincent -- Beaujean, Nathalie -- Cherifi, Yacine -- Fraichard, Alexandre -- Cozzi, Jean -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 14;302(5648):1179. Epub 2003 Sep 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Developmental Biology and Reproduction Unit, INRA, Jouy en Josas, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14512506" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 4-Butyrolactone/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; *Cloning, Organism ; Embryo Transfer ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Female ; Fertility ; Leupeptins/pharmacology ; Male ; Meiosis ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Mitosis ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Oocytes/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley/*genetics/physiology
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    Inhibition of dihydropteridine reductase by novel 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine analogs (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-04-27
    Description: Hydroxylated derivatives of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a nigrostriatal neurotoxin in humans and primates, noncompetitively inhibited dihydropteridine reductase from human liver and rat striatal synaptosomes in vitro at micromolar concentrations. In contrast, MPTP and its chloro- and norderivatives did not inhibit this enzyme at lower than millimolar concentrations. Dihydropteridine reductase converts dihydrobiopterin to tetrahydrobiopterin, the required cofactor for the hydroxylation of aromatic amino acids during the synthesis of dopamine and serotonin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abell, C W -- Shen, R S -- Gessner, W -- Brossi, A -- HD 14635/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Apr 27;224(4647):405-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6608790" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine ; Animals ; Corpus Striatum/enzymology ; Dihydropteridine Reductase/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Humans ; Hydroxylation ; Liver/enzymology ; NAD/metabolism ; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Pyridines/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Synaptosomes/enzymology
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    Plasticity of substance P in mature and aged sympathetic neurons in culture (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-09-28
    Description: The effect of age on the plasticity of the putative peptide neurotransmitter substance P (SP) was examined in the rat superior cervical sympathetic ganglion. Explantation of ganglia from 6-month-old rats to serum-supplemented culture resulted in a tenfold increase in SP concentration, reproducing results previously obtained for ganglia from neonatal rats. Veratridine prevented the increase in SP concentration in adult ganglia, and tetrodotoxin blocked the veratridine effect, suggesting that membrane depolarization and sodium influx prevented the rise in the SP content of adult ganglia as well as of neonatal ganglia. However, the time courses of the increase in the amount of the peptide differed in neonatal and mature ganglia, suggesting that some aspects of regulation may differ in the two. The effects of aging on neural plasticity were further analyzed by explanting ganglia from 2-year-old rats. No significant increase in SP concentration was observed in these ganglia. Remarkable plasticity thus seems to persist in mature neurons but may be deficient in aged sympathetic neurons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Adler, J E -- Black, I B -- HD 12108/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS 10259/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Sep 28;225(4669):1499-500.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6206570" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animals ; Culture Techniques ; Ganglia, Sympathetic/*analysis/cytology/physiology ; *Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/*analysis/physiology ; Rats ; Substance P/*analysis ; Tetrodotoxin/pharmacology ; Veratridine/pharmacology
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  • 77
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    Leptospirosis in laboratory mice (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-06-15
    Description: The obituary for William A. Altemeier, Jr. (4 May, p. 525), was incorrect. Dr. Altemeier was chairman of the Department of Surgery at the University of Cincinnati.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alexander, A D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jun 15;224(4654):1158.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6729449" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Laboratory/*microbiology ; Dogs ; Humans ; Leptospira ; Leptospirosis/*microbiology/transmission ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Primates ; Rats
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  • 78
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    Magnesium deficiency and hypertension: correlation between magnesium-deficient diets and microcirculatory changes in situ (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-03-23
    Description: Rats maintained for 12 weeks on diets moderately or more severely deficient in magnesium showed significant elevations in arterial blood pressure compared to control animals. Examination of the mesenteric microcirculation in situ revealed that dietary magnesium deficiency resulted in reduced capillary, postcapillary, and venular blood flow concomitant with reduced terminal arteriolar, precapillary sphincter, and venular lumen sizes. The greater the degree of dietary magnesium deficiency the greater the reductions in microvascular lumen sizes. These findings may provide a rationale for the etiology, as well as treatment, of some forms of hypertensive vascular disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Altura, B M -- Altura, B T -- Gebrewold, A -- Ising, H -- Gunther, T -- HL18015/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL29600/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Mar 23;223(4642):1315-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6701524" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arterioles/pathology ; *Blood Pressure ; Capillaries/pathology ; Magnesium/blood ; Magnesium Deficiency/pathology/*physiopathology ; Male ; *Microcirculation ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; *Vasoconstriction ; Venules/pathology
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  • 79
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    Rapid expulsion of Trichinella spiralis in suckling rats (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-10-05
    Description: Orally administered Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae were rapidly expelled by rat pups suckling an immune dam. The immunity was delivered in the milk; substantial resistance was conferred on normal rat pups suckled for only 24 hours by a Trichinella-immune foster mother. The pups were protected by oral or systemic administration of specific serum antibodies. When infused into a normal lactating dam, these antibodies accumulated in the serum of her suckling pups.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Appleton, J A -- McGregor, D D -- AI 14490/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Oct 5;226(4670):70-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6474191" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Suckling ; Antibodies/immunology ; Colostrum/immunology ; Female ; *Immunity, Maternally-Acquired ; Immunization, Passive ; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/*immunology/parasitology ; Intestinal Mucosa/parasitology ; Milk/*immunology ; Rats ; Trichinella/*immunology/physiology ; Trichinellosis/*immunology/parasitology
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  • 80
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    Inhibition of aldosterone production by an atrial extract (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-06-01
    Description: Crude extracts of rat atria reduced the basal amount of aldosterone released from rat zona glomerulosa cells and partially inhibited aldosterone stimulation by adrenocorticotropic hormone and angiotensin II. The destruction of this activity by trypsin suggests that the active factor is a peptide, possibly atrial natriuretic factor. These data suggest that atrial natriuretic factor affects sodium excretion by the kidneys both directly and through the inhibition of aldosterone production.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Atarashi, K -- Mulrow, P J -- Franco-Saenz, R -- Snajdar, R -- Rapp, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jun 1;224(4652):992-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6326267" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/pharmacology ; Aldosterone/*biosynthesis ; Angiotensin II/pharmacology ; Animals ; *Atrial Function ; Dogs ; Female ; Kidney/drug effects/metabolism ; Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology ; Natriuresis/drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Trypsin/pharmacology
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  • 81
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    Regulation of a hybrid gene by glucose and temperature in hamster fibroblasts (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-10-12
    Description: A novel eukaryotic hybrid gene has been constructed from the 5' sequence of a rat gene and the bacterial neomycin-resistance gene. After transfection into hamster fibroblasts, the neo transcripts can be induced to high levels by the absence of glucose. Furthermore, this hybrid gene can be regulated by temperature when it is introduced into a temperature-sensitive mutant cell line.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Attenello, J W -- Lee, A S -- CA-27607/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Oct 12;226(4671):187-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6484570" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cricetinae ; DNA, Recombinant ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Fibroblasts ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Bacterial ; *Genes, Regulator ; Glucose/*pharmacology ; *HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; Membrane Proteins/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Mutation ; Neomycin/pharmacology ; Rats ; Temperature ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection
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  • 82
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    Homology of genome of AIDS-associated virus with genomes of human T-cell leukemia viruses (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-08-31
    Description: A T lymphotropic virus found in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or lymphadenopathy syndrome has been postulated to be the cause of AIDS. Immunological analysis of this retrovirus and its biological properties suggest that it is a member of the family of human T-lymphotropic retroviruses known as HTLV. Accordingly, it has been named HTLV-III. In the present report it is shown by nucleic acid hybridization that sequences of the genome of HTLV-III are homologous to the structural genes (gag, pol, and env) of both HTLV-I and HTLV-II and to a potential coding region called pX located between the env gene and the long terminal repeating sequence that is unique to the HTLV family of retroviruses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arya, S K -- Gallo, R C -- Hahn, B H -- Shaw, G M -- Popovic, M -- Salahuddin, S Z -- Wong-Staal, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Aug 31;225(4665):927-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6089333" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*microbiology ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Dna ; DNA, Viral ; Deltaretrovirus/classification/*genetics ; Genes ; *Genes, Viral ; Humans ; *Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA, Viral ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
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  • 83
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    Fast and slow magnetic phenomena in focal epileptic seizures (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-11-16
    Description: The magnetic fields associated with penicillin-induced focal epilepsy were measured in laboratory rats. Interictal magnetic spikes were similar to those previously observed in humans with focal seizure disorders. The magnetic fields of the seizure itself displayed both slow and fast phenomena, reversing in direction on opposite sides of the head.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barth, D S -- Sutherling, W -- Beatty, J -- 1-R01-NS20806-01/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- 1K07NS00678-01A1/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- 5-S07 RR07009/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Nov 16;226(4676):855-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6436979" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Electroencephalography ; *Electromagnetic Fields ; *Electromagnetic Phenomena ; Electrophysiology ; Epilepsies, Partial/*physiopathology ; Humans ; Penicillins/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Seizures/physiopathology
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  • 84
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    Autoantibodies to a 64-kilodalton islet cell protein precede the onset of spontaneous diabetes in the BB rat (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-06-22
    Description: Spontaneous insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in the BB rat is associated with the presence of antibodies to a 64-kilodalton rat islet cell protein. These protein antibodies appeared in young animals and remained for as long as 8 weeks before the clinical onset of IDDM. Antibodies to a 64-kilodalton human islet cell protein were found to be associated with human IDDM. Detection of the antibodies may therefore be used to predict an early immune reaction against pancreatic B cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baekkeskov, S -- Dyrberg, T -- Lernmark, A -- AM26190/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jun 22;224(4655):1348-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6374896" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoantibodies/*immunology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/*immunology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology ; Humans ; Islets of Langerhans/*immunology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Rats, Mutant Strains
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  • 85
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    Induction of pituitary lactotrope differentiation by luteinizing hormone alpha subunit (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-11-02
    Description: Addition of gonadotropin releasing hormone to cultures of fetal rat pituitary induced differentiation of lactotropes as revealed by immunocytochemistry. Antiserum to luteinizing hormone (LH) (recognizing native LH), but not antiserum to LH-beta (recognizing both native LH and its beta subunit), inhibited this induction. Further addition of highly purified LH-alpha subunit in culture medium also induced lactotrope differentiation. Thus, the alpha subunit may have a specific biological activity of its own with probable practical use in clinical investigations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Begeot, M -- Hemming, F J -- Dubois, P M -- Combarnous, Y -- Dubois, M P -- Aubert, M L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Nov 2;226(4674):566-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6208610" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Fetus/physiology ; Glycoprotein Hormones, alpha Subunit ; Humans ; Luteinizing Hormone/immunology/pharmacology/physiology ; Peptide Fragments/*pharmacology/physiology ; Pituitary Gland/*drug effects/growth & development ; Pituitary Hormone-Releasing Hormones/pharmacology ; Pituitary Hormones, Anterior/*pharmacology/physiology ; Rats
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  • 86
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    Identification of DNA sequence responsible for 5-bromodeoxyuridine-induced gene amplification (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-08-31
    Description: Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) treatment of the prolactin nonproducing subclone of GH cells (rat pituitary tumor cells) induces amplification of a 20-kilobase DNA fragment including all of the prolactin gene coding sequences. This amplified DNA segment, which is flanked by two unamplified regions, thus designates a unit of BrdUrd-induced amplified sequence. Cloned DNA segments, 10.3 kilobases long, from the 5' end of the rat prolactin gene of BrdUrd-responsive and -nonresponsive cells, were ligated to the thymidine kinase gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1TK), and the hybrid DNA was transferred to thymidine kinase-deficient mouse fibroblast cells by transfection. The HSV1TK gene and the rat prolactin gene were amplified together in drug-treated transfectants carrying the hybrid DNA HSV1TK gene and rat prolactin gene of BrdUrd-responsive GH cells. These results suggest that the 10.3-kilobase DNA segment at the 5' end of the rat prolactin gene of BrdUrd-responsive GH cells carries the information for drug-induced gene amplification (amplicon) and that another gene, such as the HSV1TK gene, is also amplified when the latter is placed adjacent to this segment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Biswas, D K -- Hartigan, J A -- Pichler, M H -- CA28218/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Aug 31;225(4665):941-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6089335" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Bromodeoxyuridine/*pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/*genetics ; DNA, Recombinant ; *Gene Amplification ; Genes, Viral ; Mice ; Prolactin/genetics ; Rats ; Simplexvirus/genetics ; Thymidine Kinase/genetics ; Transfection
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  • 87
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    Anatomically distinct opiate receptor fields mediate reward and physical dependence (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-05-04
    Description: Rats never before exposed to opioids rapidly learned to press a lever for microinjections of morphine into the ventral tegmental area. Challenge by a narcotic antagonist produced no signs of physical dependence. Dependence was not seen after long-term morphine infusions into the ventral tegmentum but was seen after similar infusions into the periventricular gray region. Thus a major rewarding property of morphine is independent of the drug's ability to produce physical dependence. These data challenge models of drug addiction that propose physical dependence as necessary for the rewarding effects of opioids.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bozarth, M A -- Wise, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 May 4;224(4648):516-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6324347" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Brain Chemistry ; Humans ; Microinjections ; Morphine/*pharmacology ; *Morphine Dependence ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, Opioid/*physiology ; *Reward
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  • 88
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    Polyene toxicity in renal medulla: injury mediated by transport activity (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-04-06
    Description: Polyene antibiotics such as amphotericin and nystatin increase membrane permeability and thus increase the amount of oxygen consumed in active electrolyte transport. In isolated perfused rat kidneys, the polyenes produced extensive injury to the medullary thick ascending limb, a segment of the nephron with limited oxygen supply. This damage was prevented if reabsorptive transport was inhibited by ouabain. Cell death under these circumstances thus appears to be mediated by increased oxygen demand for transport activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brezis, M -- Rosen, S -- Silva, P -- Spokes, K -- Epstein, F H -- AM18078/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Apr 6;224(4644):66-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6322305" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amphotericin B/adverse effects ; Animals ; Biological Transport, Active/drug effects ; Cell Membrane Permeability/drug effects ; Furosemide/pharmacology ; Glomerular Filtration Rate/drug effects ; Kidney Medulla/*drug effects/pathology ; Loop of Henle/drug effects ; Nystatin/adverse effects ; Ouabain/pharmacology ; Oxygen Consumption/drug effects ; Polyenes/*adverse effects ; Rats ; Sodium/metabolism ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/metabolism
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  • 89
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    Essential role of insulin in transcription of the rat 25,000 molecular weight casein gene (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-12-14
    Description: Insulin is essential for the accumulation of rat casein messenger RNA (mRNA) in the presence of glucocorticoid and prolactin. The accumulation of certain mRNA's in other tissues has also been linked to insulin action. The present study shows that the accumulation effect on the 25,000 molecular weight rat casein mRNA does not reflect stabilization of the transcript by insulin. Rather, insulin is essential for its synthesis in the presence of glucocorticoid and prolactin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chomczynski, P -- Qasba, P -- Topper, Y J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Dec 14;226(4680):1326-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6390680" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caseins/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Culture Techniques ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Half-Life ; Hydrocortisone/physiology ; Insulin/*physiology ; Mammary Glands, Animal/metabolism ; Molecular Weight ; Prolactin/physiology ; RNA, Messenger/physiology ; Rats ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 90
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    Enhancement of sexual motivation in male rats by yohimbine (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-08-24
    Description: Yohimbine hydrochloride, an alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist, increased sexual motivation in male rats as evidenced by increased mounting performance in mating tests conducted after genital anesthetization, increased percentage of male rats ejaculating in their first heterosexual encounter, and induction of copulatory behavior in sexually inactive male rats. These observations lead to the suggestion that alpha-adrenoceptors are important modulators of sexual arousal in intact male rats. These results indicate that pharmacological treatment of sexual (libido) dysfunction may be useful.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clark, J T -- Smith, E R -- Davidson, J M -- MH 21178/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Aug 24;225(4664):847-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6474156" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aphrodisiacs/*pharmacology ; Copulation/drug effects ; Ejaculation/drug effects ; Male ; Motivation/drug effects ; Rats ; Receptors, Adrenergic/drug effects ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*drug effects ; Yohimbine/*pharmacology
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  • 91
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    Enhanced neural response to familiar olfactory cues (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-08-24
    Description: Norway rat pups have an enhanced olfactory bulb response to a familiar odor. A specific complex of glomeruli showed increased carbon-14-labeled 2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake in response to peppermint odor in 19-day-old pups exposed to peppermint on days 1 to 18 after birth, relative to control pups that had been exposed to clean air. The increased activity was not due to increased respiration of the familiar odor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coopersmith, R -- Leon, M -- MH 0037/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- RRO 1192/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Aug 24;225(4664):849-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6474157" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoradiography ; Deoxy Sugars/*metabolism ; Deoxyglucose/*metabolism ; *Odors ; Oils, Volatile ; Olfactory Bulb/*metabolism ; Plant Extracts ; *Plant Oils ; Rats ; Respiration ; *Smell
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  • 92
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    Differential NK cell and macrophage killing of hamster cells infected with nononcogenic or oncogenic adenovirus (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-05-11
    Description: Hamster cells infected with highly oncogenic human adenovirus type 12 (Ad12) were resistant to lysis by natural killer cells and macrophages, compared to cells infected with nononcogenic adenovirus type 2 (Ad2). The data suggest that early adenovirus gene expression in hamster cells results in preferential survival of Ad12, compared to Ad2, infected cells in vivo, thus providing an explanation for the differences in the oncogenicities of these two transforming viruses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cook, J L -- Lewis, A M Jr -- CA 31732/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 May 11;224(4649):612-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6710160" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenoviruses, Human/*immunology ; Animals ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism ; Cell Transformation, Viral ; Cricetinae ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Killer Cells, Natural/*physiology ; Macrophages/*physiology ; Mesocricetus ; Oncogenic Viruses/*immunology ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 93
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    Characterization and molecular cloning of a human parvovirus genome (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-12-07
    Description: The genome of the small human virus serologically associated with erythrocyte aplasia and erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) is shown to be a linear, nonpermuted, single-stranded DNA molecule with self-priming hairpin termini, properties which are characteristic of the genomes of the family Parvoviridae. This human parvovirus chromosome was molecularly cloned into bacterial plasmid vectors and the cloned DNA was used to explore its relatedness to other mammalian parvovirus serotypes by DNA:DNA hybridization. It is not related to the human adeno-associated viruses but does show a distant evolutionary relationship to genomes of the helper-independent parvoviruses of rodents. This strongly suggests that it is an autonomous parvovirus, and as such is the first example of a member of this group of common animal pathogens to cause disease in man.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cotmore, S F -- Tattersall, P -- CA29303/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Dec 7;226(4679):1161-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6095448" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Single-Stranded/analysis ; DNA, Viral/*analysis ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase ; Dependovirus/genetics ; Escherichia coli/enzymology ; Nucleic Acid Denaturation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Parvoviridae/*genetics ; Plasmids ; Templates, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 94
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    A single troponin T gene regulated by different programs in cardiac and skeletal muscle development (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-11-23
    Description: A cloned complementary DNA derived from a messenger RNA transiently present at low abundance levels in early chick embryonic skeletal muscle hybridizes to a messenger RNA present at high abundance levels in cardiac muscle. Genomic DNA hybridization and nucleotide sequence identity of complementary DNA's from both heart and skeletal muscle demonstrate that the messenger RNA's from both sources are encoded by the same gene. The encoded polypeptide is a troponin T sequence which is probably a cardiac isoform. This single copy troponin T isogene is governed by different regulatory programs in heart and skeletal muscle differentiation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cooper, T A -- Ordahl, C P -- R01-GM32018/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Nov 23;226(4677):979-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6095446" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chick Embryo ; Chickens ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genes ; Heart/*embryology ; Muscles/*embryology/metabolism ; Myocardium/metabolism ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Troponin/*genetics ; Troponin T
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 95
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    Regressive events in neurogenesis (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-09-21
    Description: The development of most regions of the vertebrate nervous system includes a distinct phase of neuronal degeneration during which a substantial proportion of the neurons initially generated die. This degeneration primarily adjusts the magnitude of each neuronal population to the size or functional needs of its projection field, but in the process it seems also to eliminate many neurons whose axons have grown to either the wrong target or an inappropriate region within the target area. In addition, many connections that are initially formed are later eliminated without the death of the parent cell. In most cases such process elimination results in the removal of terminal axonal branches and hence serves as a mechanism to "fine-tune" neuronal wiring. However, there are now also several examples of the large-scale elimination of early-formed pathways as a result of the selective degeneration of long axon collaterals. Thus, far from being relatively minor aspects of neural development, these regressive phenomena are now recognized as playing a major role in determining the form of the mature nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cowan, W M -- Fawcett, J W -- O'Leary, D D -- Stanfield, B B -- EY-03653/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- NS-18506/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Sep 21;225(4668):1258-65.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6474175" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animals ; Brain/*growth & development ; Cricetinae ; *Nerve Degeneration ; Nerve Growth Factors/pharmacology ; Nervous System/*growth & development ; Purkinje Cells/physiology ; Rats ; Retina/growth & development ; Superior Colliculi/growth & development ; Synapses/physiology ; Visual Pathways/growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 96
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    Structure of the gene encoding the immunodominant surface antigen on the sporozoite of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-08-10
    Description: The gene for the circumsporozoite (CS) protein of Plasmodium falciparum has been cloned and its nucleotide sequence determined. The gene encodes a protein of 412 amino acids as deduced from the nucleotide sequence. The protein contains 41 tandem repeats of a tetrapeptide, 37 of which are Asn-Ala-Asn-Pro and four of which are Asn-Val-Asp-Pro. Monoclonal antibodies against the CS protein of Plasmodium falciparum were inhibited from binding to the protein by synthetic peptides of the repeat sequence. The CS protein of Plasmodium falciparum and the CS protein of a simian malaria parasite, Plasmodium knowlesi, have two regions of homology, one of which is present on either side of the repeat. One region contains 12 of 13 identical amino acids. Within the nucleotide sequence of this region, 25 of 27 nucleotides are conserved. The conservation of these regions in parasites widely separated in evolution suggests that they may have a function such as binding to liver cells and may represent an invariant target for immunity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dame, J B -- Williams, J L -- McCutchan, T F -- Weber, J L -- Wirtz, R A -- Hockmeyer, W T -- Maloy, W L -- Haynes, J D -- Schneider, I -- Roberts, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Aug 10;225(4662):593-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6204383" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Antigens, Surface/*genetics/immunology ; Base Sequence ; Epitopes/genetics ; *Genes ; Humans ; Liver/parasitology ; Malaria/*immunology ; Plasmodium/genetics ; Plasmodium falciparum/*genetics/immunology ; *Protozoan Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 97
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    Cyclic AMP receptor protein: role in transcription activation (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-05-25
    Description: The structure of this pleiotropic activator of gene transcription in bacteria and its interaction sites at promoter DNA's as well as the role of this protein in the RNA polymerase-promoter interactions are reviewed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de Crombrugghe, B -- Busby, S -- Buc, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 May 25;224(4651):831-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6372090" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography ; DNA, Bacterial/metabolism ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/metabolism ; Galactose/genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Lac Operon ; Operon ; Protein Conformation ; Receptors, Cyclic AMP/*physiology ; *Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
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    Nucleotide sequence of a human Blym transforming gene activated in a Burkitt's lymphoma (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-08-03
    Description: The nucleotide sequence of a human Blym-1 transforming gene activated in a Burkitt's lymphoma cell line was determined. This sequence predicts a small protein of 58 amino acids that is 33 percent identical to the predicted product of chicken Blym-1, the activated transforming gene of chicken B cell lymphomas. Both the human and chicken Blym-1 genes exhibit significant identity to an amino-terminal region of transferrins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Diamond, A -- Devine, J M -- Cooper, G M -- CA 07250/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 28946/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Aug 3;225(4661):516-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6330897" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Burkitt Lymphoma/*genetics ; Cell Line ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Humans ; *Oncogenes ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transferrin/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    Activation of dormant genes in specialized cells (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-06-01
    Description: In several experimental systems the genomic capacity in specialized cells can be assessed by examining the activation of dormant genes. Since some of these specialized cells can be induced to change cell phenotype, all cell specializations do not necessarily involve irreversible genetic changes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DiBerardino, M A -- Hoffner, N J -- Etkin, L D -- GM 23635/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM 31479/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jun 1;224(4652):946-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6719127" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anura ; *Cell Differentiation ; Cell Fusion ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism ; Chickens ; Chromatin/physiology ; DNA/genetics/metabolism ; Drosophila ; Embryo, Mammalian/physiology ; Embryo, Nonmammalian ; Extremities/growth & development ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells ; Iris/growth & development ; Methylation ; Mice ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Phenotype ; Rats ; Xenopus
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    Haploid expression of a mouse testis alpha-tubulin gene (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-04-06
    Description: A complementary DNA clone for an alpha-tubulin has been isolated from a mouse testis complementary DNA library. The untranslated 3' end of this complementary DNA is homologous to two RNA transcripts present in postmeiotic cells of the testis but absent from meiotic cells and from several tissues including brain. The temporal expression of this alpha-tubulin complementary DNA provides evidence for the haploid expression of a mammalian structural gene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Distel, R J -- Kleene, K C -- Hecht, N B -- GM 29224/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Apr 6;224(4644):68-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6701535" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics ; Drosophila ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Haploidy ; Male ; Mice ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Rats ; Spermatids/metabolism ; Spermatogenesis ; Spermatozoa/physiology ; Testis/*metabolism ; Tubulin/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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