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  • 1
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    Low-voltage-operation avalanche photodiode based on n-gallium oxide/p-crystalline selenium heterojunction (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-17
    Description: In this study, we demonstrate the avalanche multiplication phenomenon in a crystalline-selenium (c-Se)-based heterojunction photodiode. The carrier injection from an external electrode, which is considered to be the major factor contributing to dark current at a high electric field, was significantly decreased by employing a thin n-type Ga 2 O 3 layer with a high hole-injection barrier. The fabricated Ga 2 O 3 /c-Se diode exhibited extremely high external quantum efficiency of over 100% in the short-wavelength region at a relatively low reverse-bias voltage of ∼20 V. Furthermore, Sn-doping of the Ga 2 O 3 layer increases the carrier concentration; hence, the resulting device has a lower threshold voltage for avalanche multiplication.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 2
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    NF-{kappa}B and heart regeneration [Developmental Biology] (2015)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-28
    Description: Heart regeneration offers a novel therapeutic strategy for heart failure. Unlike mammals, lower vertebrates such as zebrafish mount a strong regenerative response following cardiac injury. Heart regeneration in zebrafish occurs by cardiomyocyte proliferation and reactivation of a cardiac developmental program, as evidenced by induction of gata4 regulatory sequences in regenerating...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 3
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    Multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells are a primary source of induced pluripotent stem cells in human fibroblasts [Developmental Biology] (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-06-15
    Description: The stochastic and elite models have been proposed for the mechanism of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell generation. In this study we report a system that supports the elite model. We previously identified multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells in human dermal fibroblasts that are characterized by stress tolerance, expression of pluripotency markers, self-renewal, and the ability to differentiate into endodermal-, mesodermal-, and ectodermal-lineage cells from a single cell. They can be isolated as stage-specific embryonic antigen-3/CD105 double-positive cells. When human fibroblasts were separated into Muse and non-Muse cells and transduced with Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc, iPS cells were generated exclusively from Muse cells but not from non-Muse cells. Although some colonies were formed from non-Muse cells, they were unlike iPS cells. Furthermore, epigenetic alterations were not seen, and some of the major pluripotency markers were not expressed for the entire period during iPS cell generation. These findings were confirmed further using cells transduced with a single polycistronic virus vector encoding all four factors. The results demonstrate that in adult human fibroblasts a subset of preexisting adult stem cells whose properties are similar in some respects to those of iPS cells selectively become iPS cells, but the remaining cells make no contribution to the generation of iPS cells. Therefore this system seems to fit the elite model rather than the stochastic model.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 4
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    DNA overwinding by single reverse gyrase [Biophysics and Computational Biology] (2015)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-17
    Description: Reverse gyrase, found in hyperthermophiles, is the only enzyme known to overwind (introduce positive supercoils into) DNA. The ATP-dependent activity, detected at 〉70 °C, has so far been studied solely by gel electrophoresis; thus, the reaction dynamics remain obscure. Here, we image the overwinding reaction at 71 °C under a...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 5
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    Primary contribution to zebrafish heart regeneration by gata4(+) cardiomyocytes (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-03-26
    Description: Recent studies indicate that mammals, including humans, maintain some capacity to renew cardiomyocytes throughout postnatal life. Yet, there is little or no significant cardiac muscle regeneration after an injury such as acute myocardial infarction. By contrast, zebrafish efficiently regenerate lost cardiac muscle, providing a model for understanding how natural heart regeneration may be blocked or enhanced. In the absence of lineage-tracing technology applicable to adult zebrafish, the cellular origins of newly regenerated cardiac muscle have remained unclear. Using new genetic fate-mapping approaches, here we identify a population of cardiomyocytes that become activated after resection of the ventricular apex and contribute prominently to cardiac muscle regeneration. Through the use of a transgenic reporter strain, we found that cardiomyocytes throughout the subepicardial ventricular layer trigger expression of the embryonic cardiogenesis gene gata4 within a week of trauma, before expression localizes to proliferating cardiomyocytes surrounding and within the injury site. Cre-recombinase-based lineage-tracing of cells expressing gata4 before evident regeneration, or of cells expressing the contractile gene cmlc2 before injury, each labelled most cardiac muscle in the ensuing regenerate. By optical voltage mapping of surface myocardium in whole ventricles, we found that electrical conduction is re-established between existing and regenerated cardiomyocytes between 2 and 4 weeks post-injury. After injury and prolonged fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibition to arrest cardiac regeneration and enable scar formation, experimental release of the signalling block led to gata4 expression and morphological improvement of the injured ventricular wall without loss of scar tissue. Our results indicate that electrically coupled cardiac muscle regenerates after resection injury, primarily through activation and expansion of cardiomyocyte populations. These findings have implications for promoting regeneration of the injured human heart.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3040215/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3040215/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kikuchi, Kazu -- Holdway, Jennifer E -- Werdich, Andreas A -- Anderson, Ryan M -- Fang, Yi -- Egnaczyk, Gregory F -- Evans, Todd -- Macrae, Calum A -- Stainier, Didier Y R -- Poss, Kenneth D -- GM075846/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL007101/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL007208/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL054737/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL064282/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL081674/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K08 HL068711/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL081674/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL081674-05/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL081674-06/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL109264/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R21 GM075946/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Mar 25;464(7288):601-5. doi: 10.1038/nature08804.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20336144" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Cell Proliferation ; Electric Conductivity ; GATA Transcription Factors/*genetics/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Heart/*physiology ; Myocytes, Cardiac/*cytology/*metabolism ; Regeneration/genetics/*physiology ; Zebrafish/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Zebrafish Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 6
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    Essential role of Fkbp6 in male fertility and homologous chromosome pairing in meiosis (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-05-24
    Description: Meiosis is a critical stage of gametogenesis in which alignment and synapsis of chromosomal pairs occur, allowing for the recombination of maternal and paternal genomes. Here we show that FK506 binding protein (Fkbp6) localizes to meiotic chromosome cores and regions of homologous chromosome synapsis. Targeted inactivation of Fkbp6 in mice results in aspermic males and the absence of normal pachytene spermatocytes. Moreover, we identified the deletion of Fkbp6 exon 8 as the causative mutation in spontaneously male sterile as/as mutant rats. Loss of Fkbp6 results in abnormal pairing and misalignments between homologous chromosomes, nonhomologous partner switches, and autosynapsis of X chromosome cores in meiotic spermatocytes. Fertility and meiosis are normal in Fkbp6 mutant females. Thus, Fkbp6 is a component of the synaptonemal complex essential for sex-specific fertility and for the fidelity of homologous chromosome pairing in meiosis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2882960/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2882960/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crackower, Michael A -- Kolas, Nadine K -- Noguchi, Junko -- Sarao, Renu -- Kikuchi, Kazuhiro -- Kaneko, Hiroyuki -- Kobayashi, Eiji -- Kawai, Yasuhiro -- Kozieradzki, Ivona -- Landers, Rushin -- Mo, Rong -- Hui, Chi-Chung -- Nieves, Edward -- Cohen, Paula E -- Osborne, Lucy R -- Wada, Teiji -- Kunieda, Tetsuo -- Moens, Peter B -- Penninger, Josef M -- 38103/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 23;300(5623):1291-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), c/o Dr. Bohrgasse 7, 1030, Vienna, Austria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12764197" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Chromosome Pairing/*physiology ; Cloning, Molecular ; Exons ; Female ; Fertility/*physiology ; Gene Targeting ; Humans ; Infertility, Male/genetics/*physiopathology ; Male ; *Meiosis ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Oogenesis ; Ovary/physiology ; Prophase ; Rats ; Sequence Deletion ; Spermatids/physiology ; Spermatocytes/physiology/ultrastructure ; Spermatogenesis ; Synaptonemal Complex/*physiology ; Tacrolimus Binding Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology ; Testis/physiology ; X Chromosome/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Structures of DNA duplexes containing O6-carboxymethylguanine, a lesion associated with gastrointestinal cancer, reveal a mechanism for inducing pyrimidine transition mutations (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-29
    Description: N -nitrosation of glycine and its derivatives generates potent alkylating agents that can lead to the formation of O 6 -carboxymethylguanine ( O 6 -CMG) in DNA. O 6 -CMG has been identified in DNA derived from human colon tissue, and its occurrence has been linked to diets high in red and processed meats. By analogy to O 6 -methylguanine, O 6 -CMG is expected to be highly mutagenic, inducing G to A mutations during DNA replication that can increase the risk of gastrointestinal and other cancers. Two crystal structures of DNA dodecamers d(CGCG[ O 6 -CMG]ATTCGCG) and d(CGC[ O 6 -CMG]AATTCGCG) in complex with Hoechst33258 reveal that each can form a self-complementary duplex to retain the B-form conformation. Electron density maps clearly show that O 6 -CMG forms a Watson–Crick–type pair with thymine similar to the canonical A:T pair, and it forms a reversed wobble pair with cytosine. In situ structural modeling suggests that a DNA polymerase can accept the Watson–Crick–type pair of O 6 -CMG with thymine, but might also accept the reversed wobble pair of O 6 -CMG with cytosine. Thus, O 6 -CMG would permit the mis-incorporation of dTTP during DNA replication. Alternatively, the triphosphate that would be formed by carboxymethylation of the nucleotide triphosphate pool d[ O 6 -CMG]TP might compete with dATP incorporation opposite thymine in a DNA template.
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
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    Nutrient digestibility coefficients of diets with varying energy to protein ratio for Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/16452 | 12051 | 2015-03-27 09:15:15 | 16452 | Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: A laboratory trial was conducted in a sea water recirculatory system to study the nutrient digestibility coefficients of diets with varying energy to protein ratios in Japanese flounder Paralicthys olivaceus. Six different experimental diets with two protein levels (45 and 55%) having six different energy to protein ratio of 87, 90, 94, 107, 110 and 114 were formulated using white fish meal and casein as protein sources. The results of the study showed that the apparent protein digestibility (APD) value ranged between 90.59 to 91.61% and there were no significant differences (P〉0.05) between the APD values of diets 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6. The apparent lipid digestibility (ALD) values of diets ranged between 88.24 to 90.18%. The apparent energy digestibility (AED) values ranged between 80.55 to 87.52% with diet 3 producing significantly the highest AED value. In general, except in diet 1 the ALD and AED values increased with the increase of dietary lipid at both protein levels. The results of the present investigation indicated that Japanese flounder can efficiently digest the dietary nutrients at varying energy to protein ratios.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; nutrient digestibility ; energy-protein ratio ; fish culture ; feeding experiments ; Japanese flounder ; Paralichthys olivaceus
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 105-112
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Importance of picocyanobacteria biomass (unicellular, blue-green algae) in the phytoplankton population of the coastal waters off Japan (1985)
    Springer
    Marine biology 89 (1985), S. 63-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Picocyanobacteria, which specifically excited the phycobilin pigments by green light, were numerically counted under an epifluorescence microscope in the Kuroshio and the Oyashio between 1 and 9 July 1983, and in coastal waters between 10 and 12 August 1983 off Japan. The fluorescence, and the various morphological and chemical characters of the picocyanobacteria were evaluated by using monospecific strains isolated from the study area. Plasma volume determined on the epifluorescence microscopic photographs was converted into cellular organic carbon using a relation obtained from the isolates. Percentages of the picocyanobacteria biomass in terms of cellular carbon ranged between 8.3 to 79.4% of the total picophytoplankton (〈3 μm), and between 4.7 to 46.4% of the total phytoplankton. The larger percentages of the picocyanobacteria occurred consistently in low chlorophyll waters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00392878
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics and β-blocking effects of transdermal timolol (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 44 (1993), S. 493-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Timolol ; β-adrenoceptor antagonist ; transdermal ; percutaneous absorption ; skin ; pharmacokinetics ; bioavailability ; adverse effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetic profiles of transdermal timolol 6 and 24 mg (as 5 and 20% w/v patches) was studied in four healthy young volunteers. To assess its bioavailability, the pharmacokinetics of an IV infusion of timolol maleate 5 mg was also determined in the same subjects. When the 20% (w/v) timolol patch was applied, the mean bioavailability was 74.4%. Plasma timolol concentrations were below the detection limit when a 5% patch was applied to the same skin area in all four subjects, except for one in whom the bioavailability was 23.6%. Weak erythema developed at the application site in all of the volunteers after application of the 20% (w/v) patch. However, erythema did not develop in any volunteer when the 5% patch was applied. The β-blocking effect was determined by exercise testing. Similar plasma levels generated similar changes in exercise-induced heart rate after the transdermal and intravenous administration of timolol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315551
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