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Retrograde viral delivery of IGF-1 prolongs survival in a mouse ALS model (2003)

B. K. Kaspar ; J. Llado ; N. Sherkat ; [et al.]

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

In: Science. 301(5634): 839-42. doi: 10.1126/science.1086137.

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Publication Date: 2003-08-09

Description: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, lethal neuromuscular disease that is associated with the degeneration of spinal and brainstem motor neurons, leading to atrophy of limb, axial, and respiratory muscles. The cause of ALS is unknown, and there is no effective therapy. Neurotrophic factors are candidates for therapeutic evaluation in ALS. Although chronic delivery of molecules to the central nervous system has proven difficult, we recently discovered that adeno-associated virus can be retrogradely transported efficiently from muscle to motor neurons of the spinal cord. We report that insulin-like growth factor 1 prolongs life and delays disease progression, even when delivered at the time of overt disease symptoms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaspar, Brian K -- Llado, Jeronia -- Sherkat, Nushin -- Rothstein, Jeffrey D -- Gage, Fred H -- AG12992/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG21876/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- NS33958/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 8;301(5634):839-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12907804" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Keywords: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/pathology/physiopathology/*therapy ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Base Sequence ; Caspase 9 ; Caspases/metabolism ; Cell Count ; Dependovirus/*genetics ; Disease Models, Animal ; Disease Progression ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; *Genetic Therapy ; *Genetic Vectors/administration & dosage ; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/*genetics ; Luminescent Proteins/genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Motor Neurons/pathology/virology ; Muscle, Skeletal/virology ; Nerve Growth Factors/genetics ; *Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; Random Allocation ; Spinal Cord/chemistry/pathology/virology ; Superoxide Dismutase/genetics/metabolism ; Ubiquitin/analysis

Print ISSN: 0036-8075

Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

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The C9orf72 repeat expansion disrupts nucleocytoplasmic transport (2015)

K. Zhang ; C. J. Donnelly ; A. R. Haeusler ; [et al.]

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

In: Nature. 525(7567): 56-61. doi: 10.1038/nature14973.

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Publication Date: 2015-08-27

Description: The hexanucleotide repeat expansion (HRE) GGGGCC (G4C2) in C9orf72 is the most common cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Recent studies support an HRE RNA gain-of-function mechanism of neurotoxicity, and we previously identified protein interactors for the G4C2 RNA including RanGAP1. A candidate-based genetic screen in Drosophila expressing 30 G4C2 repeats identified RanGAP (Drosophila orthologue of human RanGAP1), a key regulator of nucleocytoplasmic transport, as a potent suppressor of neurodegeneration. Enhancing nuclear import or suppressing nuclear export of proteins also suppresses neurodegeneration. RanGAP physically interacts with HRE RNA and is mislocalized in HRE-expressing flies, neurons from C9orf72 ALS patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-derived neurons), and in C9orf72 ALS patient brain tissue. Nuclear import is impaired as a result of HRE expression in the fly model and in C9orf72 iPSC-derived neurons, and these deficits are rescued by small molecules and antisense oligonucleotides targeting the HRE G-quadruplexes. Nucleocytoplasmic transport defects may be a fundamental pathway for ALS and FTD that is amenable to pharmacotherapeutic intervention.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Ke -- Donnelly, Christopher J -- Haeusler, Aaron R -- Grima, Jonathan C -- Machamer, James B -- Steinwald, Peter -- Daley, Elizabeth L -- Miller, Sean J -- Cunningham, Kathleen M -- Vidensky, Svetlana -- Gupta, Saksham -- Thomas, Michael A -- Hong, Ingie -- Chiu, Shu-Ling -- Huganir, Richard L -- Ostrow, Lyle W -- Matunis, Michael J -- Wang, Jiou -- Sattler, Rita -- Lloyd, Thomas E -- Rothstein, Jeffrey D -- CA009110/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K99 NS091486/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS089616/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS091046/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG012992/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P40OD018537/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS074324/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS082563/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS085207/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS089616/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM084947/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01NS085207/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- RC2 NS069395/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA009110/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24 NS078736/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- U54 NS091046/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Sep 3;525(7567):56-61. doi: 10.1038/nature14973. Epub 2015 Aug 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Maryland 21205, USA. ; Brain Science Institute, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Maryland 21205, USA. ; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Maryland 21205, USA. ; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Maryland 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26308891" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Keywords: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus/*genetics ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/genetics/pathology ; Animals ; Brain/metabolism/pathology ; Cell Nucleus/*metabolism ; DNA Repeat Expansion/*genetics ; Drosophila Proteins/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/cytology/metabolism ; Female ; Frontotemporal Dementia/genetics/pathology ; G-Quadruplexes ; GTPase-Activating Proteins/metabolism ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Neurons/metabolism/pathology ; Nuclear Pore/chemistry/metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense/genetics ; Open Reading Frames/*genetics ; Proteins/*genetics ; RNA/genetics/metabolism

Print ISSN: 0028-0836

Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

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3

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C9orf72 nucleotide repeat structures initiate molecular cascades of disease (2014)

A. R. Haeusler ; C. J. Donnelly ; G. Periz ; [et al.]

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

In: Nature. 507(7491): 195-200. doi: 10.1038/nature13124.

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Publication Date: 2014-03-07

Description: A hexanucleotide repeat expansion (HRE), (GGGGCC)n, in C9orf72 is the most common genetic cause of the neurodegenerative diseases amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Here we identify a molecular mechanism by which structural polymorphism of the HRE leads to ALS/FTD pathology and defects. The HRE forms DNA and RNA G-quadruplexes with distinct structures and promotes RNA*DNA hybrids (R-loops). The structural polymorphism causes a repeat-length-dependent accumulation of transcripts aborted in the HRE region. These transcribed repeats bind to ribonucleoproteins in a conformation-dependent manner. Specifically, nucleolin, an essential nucleolar protein, preferentially binds the HRE G-quadruplex, and patient cells show evidence of nucleolar stress. Our results demonstrate that distinct C9orf72 HRE structural polymorphism at both DNA and RNA levels initiates molecular cascades leading to ALS/FTD pathologies, and provide the basis for a mechanistic model for repeat-associated neurodegenerative diseases.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4046618/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉 〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4046618/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haeusler, Aaron R -- Donnelly, Christopher J -- Periz, Goran -- Simko, Eric A J -- Shaw, Patrick G -- Kim, Min-Sik -- Maragakis, Nicholas J -- Troncoso, Juan C -- Pandey, Akhilesh -- Sattler, Rita -- Rothstein, Jeffrey D -- Wang, Jiou -- 5T32CA009110-36/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- NS07432/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS085207/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK089502/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P50 AG005146/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P50AG05146/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS074324/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS085207/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA009110/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- UL1 TR001079/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2014 Mar 13;507(7491):195-200. doi: 10.1038/nature13124. Epub 2014 Mar 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [2] Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA. ; 1] Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [2] The Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA. ; McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA. ; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA. ; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA. ; 1] Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [2] Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [3] The Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24598541" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Keywords: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/genetics ; B-Lymphocytes ; Base Sequence ; Cell Nucleolus/genetics/pathology ; DNA/genetics/metabolism ; DNA Repeat Expansion/*genetics ; Frontotemporal Dementia/genetics ; G-Quadruplexes ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Neurons ; Open Reading Frames/*genetics ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; RNA/biosynthesis/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Ribonucleoproteins/metabolism ; Stress, Physiological ; Transcription, Genetic/genetics

Print ISSN: 0028-0836

Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

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Oligodendroglia metabolically support axons and contribute to neurodegeneration (2012)

Y. Lee ; B. M. Morrison ; Y. Li ; [et al.]

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

In: Nature. 487(7408): 443-8. doi: 10.1038/nature11314.

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Publication Date: 2012-07-18

Description: Oligodendroglia support axon survival and function through mechanisms independent of myelination, and their dysfunction leads to axon degeneration in several diseases. The cause of this degeneration has not been determined, but lack of energy metabolites such as glucose or lactate has been proposed. Lactate is transported exclusively by monocarboxylate transporters, and changes to these transporters alter lactate production and use. Here we show that the most abundant lactate transporter in the central nervous system, monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1, also known as SLC16A1), is highly enriched within oligodendroglia and that disruption of this transporter produces axon damage and neuron loss in animal and cell culture models. In addition, this same transporter is reduced in patients with, and in mouse models of, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, suggesting a role for oligodendroglial MCT1 in pathogenesis. The role of oligodendroglia in axon function and neuron survival has been elusive; this study defines a new fundamental mechanism by which oligodendroglia support neurons and axons.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3408792/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉 〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3408792/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, Youngjin -- Morrison, Brett M -- Li, Yun -- Lengacher, Sylvain -- Farah, Mohamed H -- Hoffman, Paul N -- Liu, Yiting -- Tsingalia, Akivaga -- Jin, Lin -- Zhang, Ping-Wu -- Pellerin, Luc -- Magistretti, Pierre J -- Rothstein, Jeffrey D -- NS33958/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01NS16375/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P50AG05146/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS033958/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Jul 26;487(7408):443-8. doi: 10.1038/nature11314.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22801498" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Keywords: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/genetics/*metabolism/*pathology ; Animals ; Axons/*metabolism/pathology ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; Disease Models, Animal ; Down-Regulation ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Lactic Acid/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Motor Neurons/metabolism/*pathology ; Myelin Sheath/metabolism ; Nerve Degeneration/*metabolism ; Oligodendroglia/*metabolism ; Protein Transport ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Superoxide Dismutase/genetics/metabolism ; Symporters/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism

Print ISSN: 0028-0836

Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

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5

Electronic Resource

Differential expression of three glutamate transporter subtypes in the rat retina (1996)

Rauen, T. ; Rothstein, J. D. ; Wässle, H.

Springer

Cell & tissue research 286 (1996), S. 325-336

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ISSN: 1432-0878

Keywords: Key words: Retina ; Glutamate transporter subtypes (GLT-1 ; EAAC-1 ; GLAST-1) ; Expression ; Anti-peptide antibodies ; Immunohistochemistry ; Glutamatergic pathways ; Rat (Wistar ; Brown Norway)

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: Abstract. The immunocytochemical distribution of the three excitatory amino acid transporter subtypes GLT-1, GLAST-1 and EAAC-1 was studied in the rat retina using antibodies raised against synthetic peptides corresponding to the C-terminus of each transporter subtype (Rothstein et al. 1994). A comparative immunoblot analysis of rat cortex, cerebellum and retina membrane proteins suggested the following rank order of glutamate transporter subtype expression in retina: GLAST-1≥EAAC-1〉GLT-1. GLAST-1 immunoreactivity was seen in Müller cells and astrocytes. EAAC-1 was found in horizontal cells, in amacrine and displaced amacrine cells, and in ganglion cells. A minority of bipolar cells also expressed EAAC-1. GLT-1 was preferentially expressed by different types of bipolar cells; however, it was also found in some amacrine cells. The functional role of this differential distribution of glutamate transporters in the retina is discussed.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050702

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