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  • 1
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    Effects of age and experience on contest behavior in the burying beetle, Nicrophorus vespilloides (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-13
    Description: Contest behavior forms an important part of reproductive investment. Life-history theory predicts that as individuals age and their residual reproductive value decreases, they should increase investment in contest behavior. However, other factors such as social experience may also be important in determining age-related variation in contest behavior. To understand how selection acts on contest behavior over an individual’s lifetime, it is therefore important to tease apart the effects of age per se from other factors that may vary with age. Here, we independently manipulate male age and social experience to examine their effects on male contest behavior in the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides . We found that social experience, but not age, influenced male contest behavior but that these changes in behavior did not alter contest outcomes. Male size (relative to his opponent) was overwhelmingly the most important factor determining contest outcome. Our results suggest that in systems with high variation in fighting ability among males, there may be little opportunity for selection to act on factors that influence contest outcomes by altering motivation to win.
    Print ISSN: 1045-2249
    Electronic ISSN: 1465-7279
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    Common structure of soluble amyloid oligomers implies common mechanism of pathogenesis (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-04-19
    Description: Soluble oligomers are common to most amyloids and may represent the primary toxic species of amyloids, like the Abeta peptide in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here we show that all of the soluble oligomers tested display a common conformation-dependent structure that is unique to soluble oligomers regardless of sequence. The in vitro toxicity of soluble oligomers is inhibited by oligomer-specific antibody. Soluble oligomers have a unique distribution in human AD brain that is distinct from fibrillar amyloid. These results indicate that different types of soluble amyloid oligomers have a common structure and suggest they share a common mechanism of toxicity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kayed, Rakez -- Head, Elizabeth -- Thompson, Jennifer L -- McIntire, Theresa M -- Milton, Saskia C -- Cotman, Carl W -- Glabe, Charles G -- AG00538/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG16573/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- NS31230/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 18;300(5618):486-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-3900, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12702875" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alzheimer Disease/metabolism/pathology ; Amyloid/chemistry/toxicity ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/analysis/*chemistry/immunology/toxicity ; Animals ; Antibodies/immunology ; Antibody Specificity ; Biopolymers/analysis/chemistry/toxicity ; Brain/pathology ; Brain Chemistry ; Cell Survival ; Humans ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Microscopy, Electron ; Molecular Mimicry ; Neurofibrillary Tangles/chemistry ; Peptide Fragments/chemistry/immunology ; Protein Conformation ; Rabbits ; Solubility ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Is there a decline in marine phytoplankton? (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-04-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McQuatters-Gollop, Abigail -- Reid, Philip C -- Edwards, Martin -- Burkill, Peter H -- Castellani, Claudia -- Batten, Sonia -- Gieskes, Winfried -- Beare, Doug -- Bidigare, Robert R -- Head, Erica -- Johnson, Rod -- Kahru, Mati -- Koslow, J Anthony -- Pena, Angelica -- England -- Nature. 2011 Apr 14;472(7342):E6-7; discussion E8-9. doi: 10.1038/nature09950.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK. abiqua@sahfos.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21490625" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aquatic Organisms/growth & development/*isolation & purification/metabolism ; Atlantic Ocean ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Biomass ; Chlorophyll/analysis ; Data Collection/methods ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; Phytoplankton/growth & development/*isolation & purification/metabolism ; Reproducibility of Results ; Seawater/chemistry/microbiology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modified Combustion Procedure for Determining Carbon and Hydrogen in Certain Organometallic Compounds (1956)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 28 (1956), S. 1172-1174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac60115a031
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Di-t-butylberyllium and Beryllium Hydride1 (1957)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 79 (1957), S. 3687-3689 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01571a023
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gut pigment accumulation and destruction by arctic copepods in vitro and in situ (1992)
    Springer
    Marine biology 112 (1992), S. 583-592 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The results presented here were obtained at six locations during three cruises in 1985 (off the coast of Labrador), 1986 (at the eastern end of Viscount Melbourne Sound) and 1988 (off the coast of Labrador). In situ chlorophyll maximum concentrations were 〉7 μgl-1 at depths of between 0 and 30 m in all sampling areas. In feeding experiments copepods attained higher gut pigment concentrations the longer they had been previously starved and higher concentrations when fed in the dark than when fed in the light. Community ingestion rates calculated from changes in particulate chlorophyll were higher than estimates derived from gut pigment data except when copepods had been starved for 24 h. Differences between estimates by the two methods suggested pigment destruction. In feeding experiments pigment: biogenic silica ratios in food and faecal pellets suggested that the length of starvation period affected the degree of pigment destruction differently at different stations and that feeding in the light greatly increased pigment destruction. A comparison of pigment: silica ratios in the water column, and in faecal pellets collected from copepods which had fed there, suggested that pigment destruction may occur in situ sometimes and that the degree to which it occurs may be affected by feeding history, light, diel feeding behaviour and species composition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00346176
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the chemical composition of particulate material and copepod faecal pellets at stations off the coast of Labrador and in the Gulf of St. Lawrence (1992)
    Springer
    Marine biology 112 (1992), S. 593-600 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Faecal pellets were collected in 1988 from copepods which had fed in situ or in laboratory experiments, using screened natural seawater as food, at two stations off the coast of Labrador and one in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The chemical composition of the pellets and of particulate material in profiles and in laboratory food were measured in terms of particulate carbon, carbohydrate (soluble and insoluble), protein and lipid. Faecal pellet composition was somewhat similar in all experiments at the first two stations, where the compositions of particulate material in situ and copepod species assemblages were also similar. At the third station the compositions of faecal pellets and particulate material were slightly different from those at the other stations and the copepod species composition varied between sampling times. Faecal pellets at the first two stations had very low levels of soluble carbohydrate, while concentrations in the food were generally high, suggesting that it was efficiently metabolized by copepods, although it might have been absent because of ‘sloppy feeding’ or release, after passage through the gut, in soluble form or from faecal pellets. Comparisons of POC: biogenic silica ratios in food and faecal pellets, calculated using data presented elsewhere (Head 1992; Mar. Biol. 112: 583–592), suggested that at these stations, where food concentrations were high (chlorophyll concentrations〉8 μgl-1), copepods may have been assimilating carbon rather inefficiently.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00346177
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Night metabolism of recent photosynthate by sea ice algae in the high Arctic (1990)
    Springer
    Marine biology 107 (1990), S. 255-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Changes in intracellular distribution of recent (labelled) photosynthate during light-dark incubations were consistent with overnight consumption of low molecular weight compounds and carbohydrate, but continued protein synthesis, in sea ice algae from Resolute Passage, Canada, during April and May, 1986. Synthesis of labelled protein at night varied with preceding light availability but was always less than 30% of the daytime rate. Comparisons of labelled photosynthate dynamics against oxygen consumption and net changes of particulate matter composition and concentration showed that soluble polysaccharide was not the only major metabolic substrate, and that much of the carbon lost overnight was not recent, labelled photosynthate. Total net lipid synthesis was greatly underestimated by labelled photosynthate allocation. However, overnight consumption of the labelled lipid was directly proportional to photon flux density in the preceding light period, suggesting a short-term energy storage function for the small labelled portion of the total lipid pool. Arctic ice algae appear to incorporate only limited amounts of recent photosynthate into their large lipid pools even over a full 24 h photoperiod.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01319824
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of Arctic copepod grazing rates in vivo and comparison with in-vitro methods (1986)
    Springer
    Marine biology 92 (1986), S. 371-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Gut evacuation rates were measured in Calanus hyperboreus and C. glacialis from two stations in Jones Sound, Northwest Territory (NWT) and one station in an Ellesmere Island Fjord during late summer of 1984. Gut content decreased exponentially with a rate constant, that, for Stage V C. glacialis at least, was independent of food type and time of day. Gut filling rates were measured in Stage V C. glacialis in the light and in the dark, at noon and midnight. Nighttime gut filling rates were very similar for both light intensities, and also similar to the daytime rate in the dark, whereas the daytime rate in the light was much lower. Ingestion rates were calculated for these latter experiments, including a rate term for defecation, and these results were compared to the values obtained from the observations of gut filling rates in vivo as reported in Head et al. (1985) and from long-term (2–3 d) bottle incubations as reported in Head et al. (in press). The following points were made: (1) in-vivo and in-vitro ingestion rates were very close if appropriate in-vitro experimental conditions were used with respect to light intensity and time of day; (2) copepods could fill their guts at a rate apparently higher than their normal nocturnal ingestion rate; and (3) the calculated rations were dependent on the shape of the observed diurnal feeding patterns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00392678
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of positive air ions on reproduction and growth in laboratory rats (1986)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 30 (1986), S. 69-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The aim of the present investigation was to determine the growth rates, reproductive success and early mortality of laboratory rats maintained at 10,000 positive ions/ml over two generations. These findings were compared with those from animals maintained at ambient ion levels. The present work indicates that positive ions do not have any adverse effects on the reproductive capabilities or the growth of laboratory rats. In contrast it is shown that exposure to elevated levels of positive ions promotes overall growth, particularly in male rats. This action of positive ions increases with each successive generation exposed to the ions. It is suggested that the growth promoting effect of positive ions may be mediated via some modulation of the endocrine system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02192062
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