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  • 1
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    Nonrelativistic Dynamics of the Amplitude (Higgs) Mode in Superconductors (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-13
    Description: Author(s): T. Cea, C. Castellani, G. Seibold, and L. Benfatto Despite the formal analogy with the Higgs particle, the amplitude fluctuations of the order parameter in weakly coupled superconductors do not identify a real mode with a Lorentz-invariant dynamics. Indeed, its resonance occurs at 2 Δ 0 , which coincides with the threshold 2 E gap for quasiparticle excit… [Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 157002] Published Fri Oct 09, 2015
    Keywords: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 2
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    Unconventional Hall Effect in Pnictides from Interband Interactions (2012)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-08-28
    Description: Author(s): L. Fanfarillo, E. Cappelluti, C. Castellani, and L. Benfatto We calculate the Hall transport in a multiband system with a dominant interband interaction between carriers having electron and hole character. We show that this situation gives rise to an unconventional scenario, beyond the Boltzmann theory, where the quasiparticle currents dressed by vertex corre... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 096402] Published Mon Aug 27, 2012
    Keywords: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 3
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    Effective medium theory for superconducting layers: A systematic analysis including space correlation effects (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-07-27
    Description: Author(s): S. Caprara, M. Grilli, L. Benfatto, and C. Castellani We investigate the effects of mesoscopic inhomogeneities on the metal-superconductor transition occurring in several two-dimensional electron systems. Specifically, as a model of systems with mesoscopic inhomogeneities, we consider a random-resistor network, which we solve both with an exact numeric... [Phys. Rev. B 84, 014514] Published Tue Jul 26, 2011
    Keywords: Superfluidity and superconductivity
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 4
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    Leggett modes in iron-based superconductors as a probe of time-reversal symmetry breaking (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-11
    Description: Author(s): M. Marciani, L. Fanfarillo, C. Castellani, and L. Benfatto Since their discovery, it has been suggested that pairing in pnictides can be mediated by spin fluctuations between hole and electron bands. In this view, multiband superconductivity would substantially differ from other systems like MgB2, where pairing is predominantly intraband. Indeed, interband-... [Phys. Rev. B 88, 214508] Published Tue Dec 10, 2013
    Keywords: Superfluidity and superconductivity
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 5
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    Current-current Fermi-liquid corrections to the superconducting fluctuations on conductivity and diamagnetism (2012)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-01-05
    Description: Author(s): L. Fanfarillo, L. Benfatto, and C. Castellani [Phys. Rev. B 85, 024507] Published Wed Jan 04, 2012
    Keywords: Superfluidity and superconductivity
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
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  • 6
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    The role of non-equilibrium fluxes in the relaxation processes of the linear chemical master equation (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-12
    Description: We propose a non-equilibrium thermodynamical description in terms of the Chemical Master Equation (CME) to characterize the dynamics of a chemical cycle chain reaction among m different species. These systems can be closed or open for energy and molecules exchange with the environment, which determines how they relax to the stationary state. Closed systems reach an equilibrium state (characterized by the detailed balance condition (D.B.)), while open systems will reach a non-equilibrium steady state (NESS). The principal difference between D.B. and NESS is due to the presence of chemical fluxes. In the D.B. condition the fluxes are absent while for the NESS case, the chemical fluxes are necessary for the state maintaining. All the biological systems are characterized by their “far from equilibrium behavior,” hence the NESS is a good candidate for a realistic description of the dynamical and thermodynamical properties of living organisms. In this work we consider a CME written in terms of a discrete Kolmogorov forward equation, which lead us to write explicitly the non-equilibrium chemical fluxes. For systems in NESS, we show that there is a non-conservative “external vector field” whose is linearly proportional to the chemical fluxes. We also demonstrate that the modulation of these external fields does not change their stationary distributions, which ensure us to study the same system and outline the differences in the system's behavior when it switches from the D.B. regime to NESS. We were interested to see how the non-equilibrium fluxes influence the relaxation process during the reaching of the stationary distribution. By performing analytical and numerical analysis, our central result is that the presence of the non-equilibrium chemical fluxes reduces the characteristic relaxation time with respect to the D.B. condition. Within a biochemical and biological perspective, this result can be related to the “plasticity property” of biological systems and to their capabilities to switch from one state to another as is observed during synaptic plasticity, cell fate determination, and differentiation.
    Electronic ISSN: 1931-9223
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 7
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    The role of non-equilibrium fluxes in the relaxation processes of the linear chemical master equation (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-12
    Description: We propose a non-equilibrium thermodynamical description in terms of the Chemical Master Equation (CME) to characterize the dynamics of a chemical cycle chain reaction among m different species. These systems can be closed or open for energy and molecules exchange with the environment, which determines how they relax to the stationary state. Closed systems reach an equilibrium state (characterized by the detailed balance condition (D.B.)), while open systems will reach a non-equilibrium steady state (NESS). The principal difference between D.B. and NESS is due to the presence of chemical fluxes. In the D.B. condition the fluxes are absent while for the NESS case, the chemical fluxes are necessary for the state maintaining. All the biological systems are characterized by their “far from equilibrium behavior,” hence the NESS is a good candidate for a realistic description of the dynamical and thermodynamical properties of living organisms. In this work we consider a CME written in terms of a discrete Kolmogorov forward equation, which lead us to write explicitly the non-equilibrium chemical fluxes. For systems in NESS, we show that there is a non-conservative “external vector field” whose is linearly proportional to the chemical fluxes. We also demonstrate that the modulation of these external fields does not change their stationary distributions, which ensure us to study the same system and outline the differences in the system's behavior when it switches from the D.B. regime to NESS. We were interested to see how the non-equilibrium fluxes influence the relaxation process during the reaching of the stationary distribution. By performing analytical and numerical analysis, our central result is that the presence of the non-equilibrium chemical fluxes reduces the characteristic relaxation time with respect to the D.B. condition. Within a biochemical and biological perspective, this result can be related to the “plasticity property” of biological systems and to their capabilities to switch from one state to another as is observed during synaptic plasticity, cell fate determination, and differentiation.
    Print ISSN: 0021-9606
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7690
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 8
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    Strongly correlated superconductivity (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-29
    Description: High-temperature superconductivity in doped Mott insulators such as the cuprates contradicts the conventional wisdom that electron repulsion is detrimental to superconductivity. Because doped fullerene conductors are also strongly correlated, the recent discovery of high-critical-temperature, presumably s-wave, superconductivity in C60 field effect devices is even more puzzling. We examine a dynamical mean-field solution of a model for electron-doped fullerenes that shows how strong correlations can indeed enhance superconductivity close to the Mott transition. We argue that the mechanism responsible for this enhancement could be common to a wider class of strongly correlated models, including those for cuprate superconductors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Capone, M -- Fabrizio, M -- Castellani, C -- Tosatti, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 28;296(5577):2364-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia (INFM) Center for Statistical Mechanics and Complexity and Physics Department University of Rome "La Sapienza" Piazzale A. Moro, 2, I-00185, Rome, Italy. massimo.capone@roma1.infn.it〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12089436" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Nonlinear optical effects and third-harmonic generation in superconductors: Cooper pairs versus Higgs mode contribution (2016)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-26
    Description: Author(s): T. Cea, C. Castellani, and L. Benfatto In conventional superconductors, the energy gap lies in the frequency range of few tenths of terahertz (THz), making THz spectroscopy the best tool to access its fundamental excitations. Recently it has been shown by R. Matsunaga \textit{et al}. that the use of intense, coherent multicycle THz pulses allows one to measure, in a NbN film, a component of the transmitted pulse oscillating three times faster than the incident light. It is found that this effect, named third-harmonic generation, has its maximum intensity at the temperature below T c , where the light frequency ω matches the superconducting gap value Δ (T), pointing to a resonant process involving excitations specific of the superconducting state. What is the nature of this resonance? While previous work attributed this resonance to the Higgs mode, i.e., to amplitude fluctuations of the superconducting order parameter, the present paper comes to a different conclusion. By providing a detailed microscopic derivation of the nonlinear optical response, the authors show that the 3 ω current response is controlled by the lattice-modulated density fluctuations. As a consequence, the third-harmonic generation turns out to be largely dominated by Cooper-pair excitations, which pile up at 2 Δ . At the same time, in analogy with the standard Raman response, the Higgs signal is suppressed by the extremely small coupling to the probing field. The authors discuss also the polarization dependence of the nonlinear 3 ω response, which opens the route to a Raman-like symmetry-selective probe of the superconducting excitations. This result offers challenging perspectives for THz spectroscopy of several systems, including cuprate superconductors. [Phys. Rev. B 93, 180507(R)] Published Wed May 25, 2016
    Keywords: Superfluidity and superconductivity
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
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  • 10
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    Is there a decline in marine phytoplankton? (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-04-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McQuatters-Gollop, Abigail -- Reid, Philip C -- Edwards, Martin -- Burkill, Peter H -- Castellani, Claudia -- Batten, Sonia -- Gieskes, Winfried -- Beare, Doug -- Bidigare, Robert R -- Head, Erica -- Johnson, Rod -- Kahru, Mati -- Koslow, J Anthony -- Pena, Angelica -- England -- Nature. 2011 Apr 14;472(7342):E6-7; discussion E8-9. doi: 10.1038/nature09950.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK. abiqua@sahfos.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21490625" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aquatic Organisms/growth & development/*isolation & purification/metabolism ; Atlantic Ocean ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Biomass ; Chlorophyll/analysis ; Data Collection/methods ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; Phytoplankton/growth & development/*isolation & purification/metabolism ; Reproducibility of Results ; Seawater/chemistry/microbiology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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