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  • Articles  (13,085)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2004-11-20
    Description: An autoregulatory transcription-translation feedback loop is thought to be essential in generating circadian rhythms in any model organism. In the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus, the essential clock protein KaiC is proposed to form this type of transcriptional negative feedback. Nevertheless, we demonstrate here temperature-compensated, robust circadian cycling of KaiC phosphorylation even without kaiBC messenger RNA accumulation under continuous dark conditions. This rhythm persisted in the presence of a transcription or translation inhibitor. Moreover, kinetic profiles in the ratio of KaiC autophosphorylation-dephosphorylation were also temperature compensated in vitro. Thus, the cyanobacterial clock can keep time independent of de novo transcription and translation processes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tomita, Jun -- Nakajima, Masato -- Kondo, Takao -- Iwasaki, Hideo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 14;307(5707):251-4. Epub 2004 Nov 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, and Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15550625" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/biosynthesis/*metabolism ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Circadian Rhythm Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Darkness ; Feedback, Physiological ; Light ; Mutation ; Operon ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA, Bacterial/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Synechococcus/*genetics/*metabolism ; Temperature ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2004-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beckman, Mary -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 25;304(5679):1888-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15218114" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Bedding and Linens ; *Behavior, Animal ; Female ; Male ; *Maternal Deprivation ; Mice ; *Mothers ; Mutation ; *Object Attachment ; Odors ; Receptors, Opioid, mu/genetics/*physiology ; Vocalization, Animal
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-11-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, Jean -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 26;306(5701):1455-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15567822" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells/*cytology ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Fusion ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Gastric Mucosa/chemistry/pathology ; Gastritis/microbiology/*pathology ; Helicobacter Infections/*pathology ; *Helicobacter felis ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Stem Cells/*cytology ; Stomach Neoplasms/*pathology
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-08-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bedalov, Antonio -- Simon, Julian A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 13;305(5686):954-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Clinical Research Division and J. A. Simon is in the Clinical Research and Human Biology Divisions, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. abedalov@fhcrc.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15310883" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/*physiology ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Ganglia, Spinal/cytology ; Mice ; Mutation ; NAD/biosynthesis/*metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/drug therapy/physiopathology ; Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use ; Nicotinamide-Nucleotide Adenylyltransferase/metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Sirtuin 1 ; Sirtuins/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism ; Wallerian Degeneration/metabolism/*physiopathology
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  • 5
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-11-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, Jean -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 5;306(5698):966-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15528423" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; Humans ; Inflammation/*complications/immunology ; Isoenzymes/metabolism ; Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/physiology ; Macrophages/immunology ; Membrane Proteins ; Mice ; NF-kappa B/physiology ; Neoplasms/*etiology/immunology ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/metabolism ; Risk Factors
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2004-10-02
    Description: The Golgi enzyme beta1,6 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (Mgat5) is up-regulated in carcinomas and promotes the substitution of N-glycan with poly N-acetyllactosamine, the preferred ligand for galectin-3 (Gal-3). Here, we report that expression of Mgat5 sensitized mouse cells to multiple cytokines. Gal-3 cross-linked Mgat5-modified N-glycans on epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta receptors at the cell surface and delayed their removal by constitutive endocytosis. Mgat5 expression in mammary carcinoma was rate limiting for cytokine signaling and consequently for epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell motility, and tumor metastasis. Mgat5 also promoted cytokine-mediated leukocyte signaling, phagocytosis, and extravasation in vivo. Thus, conditional regulation of N-glycan processing drives synchronous modification of cytokine receptors, which balances their surface retention against loss via endocytosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Partridge, Emily A -- Le Roy, Christine -- Di Guglielmo, Gianni M -- Pawling, Judy -- Cheung, Pam -- Granovsky, Maria -- Nabi, Ivan R -- Wrana, Jeffrey L -- Dennis, James W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 1;306(5693):120-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15459394" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cell Movement ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; *Endocytosis ; Galectin 3/metabolism ; Genetic Vectors ; Glycosylation ; Golgi Apparatus/enzymology ; Growth Substances/metabolism/pharmacology ; Macrophages, Peritoneal/physiology ; Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/metabolism/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases/genetics/*metabolism ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Phagocytosis ; Polysaccharides/*metabolism ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/*metabolism ; Receptors, Cytokine/*metabolism ; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2004-05-08
    Description: There are 481 segments longer than 200 base pairs (bp) that are absolutely conserved (100% identity with no insertions or deletions) between orthologous regions of the human, rat, and mouse genomes. Nearly all of these segments are also conserved in the chicken and dog genomes, with an average of 95 and 99% identity, respectively. Many are also significantly conserved in fish. These ultraconserved elements of the human genome are most often located either overlapping exons in genes involved in RNA processing or in introns or nearby genes involved in the regulation of transcription and development. Along with more than 5000 sequences of over 100 bp that are absolutely conserved among the three sequenced mammals, these represent a class of genetic elements whose functions and evolutionary origins are yet to be determined, but which are more highly conserved between these species than are proteins and appear to be essential for the ontogeny of mammals and other vertebrates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bejerano, Gill -- Pheasant, Michael -- Makunin, Igor -- Stephen, Stuart -- Kent, W James -- Mattick, John S -- Haussler, David -- 1P41HG02371/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 28;304(5675):1321-5. Epub 2004 May 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. jill@soe.ucsc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15131266" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alternative Splicing ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chickens/genetics ; Computational Biology ; *Conserved Sequence ; DNA, Intergenic ; Dogs/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Exons ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Genome ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Introns ; Mice/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; RNA/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Rats/genetics ; Takifugu/genetics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2004-01-06
    Description: Pairing, synapsis, and recombination are prerequisites for accurate chromosome segregation in meiosis. The phs1 gene in maize is required for pairing to occur between homologous chromosomes. In the phs1 mutant, homologous chromosome synapsis is completely replaced by synapsis between nonhomologous partners. The phs1 gene is also required for installation of the meiotic recombination machinery on chromosomes, as the mutant almost completely lacks chromosomal foci of the recombination protein RAD51. Thus, in the phs1 mutant, synapsis is uncoupled from recombination and pairing. The protein encoded by the phs1 gene likely acts in a multistep process to coordinate pairing, recombination, and synapsis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pawlowski, Wojciech P -- Golubovskaya, Inna N -- Timofejeva, Ljudmilla -- Meeley, Robert B -- Sheridan, William F -- Cande, W Zacheus -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 2;303(5654):89-92.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. wpawlows@nature.berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14704428" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; *Chromosome Pairing ; Chromosomes, Plant/*physiology ; Cloning, Molecular ; Conserved Sequence ; DNA, Plant/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Genes, Plant ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling/methods ; *Meiosis ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Plant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; RNA, Ribosomal, 5S/genetics ; Rad51 Recombinase ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Sequence Alignment ; Synaptonemal Complex/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Telomere/physiology ; Zea mays/*genetics/physiology
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2004-01-06
    Description: MDM2 binds the p53 tumor suppressor protein with high affinity and negatively modulates its transcriptional activity and stability. Overexpression of MDM2, found in many human tumors, effectively impairs p53 function. Inhibition of MDM2-p53 interaction can stabilize p53 and may offer a novel strategy for cancer therapy. Here, we identify potent and selective small-molecule antagonists of MDM2 and confirm their mode of action through the crystal structures of complexes. These compounds bind MDM2 in the p53-binding pocket and activate the p53 pathway in cancer cells, leading to cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and growth inhibition of human tumor xenografts in nude mice.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vassilev, Lyubomir T -- Vu, Binh T -- Graves, Bradford -- Carvajal, Daisy -- Podlaski, Frank -- Filipovic, Zoran -- Kong, Norman -- Kammlott, Ursula -- Lukacs, Christine -- Klein, Christian -- Fotouhi, Nader -- Liu, Emily A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 6;303(5659):844-8. Epub 2004 Jan 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Discovery Oncology, Roche Research Center, Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc., Nutley, NJ 07110, USA. lyubomir.vassilev@roche.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14704432" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis/*drug effects ; Binding Sites ; Cell Cycle/drug effects ; Cell Division/*drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 ; Cyclins/metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Gene Expression ; Genes, p53 ; Humans ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Imidazoles/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Weight ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy/metabolism/*pathology ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Phosphorylation ; Piperazines/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Protein Conformation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 ; Stereoisomerism ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/*metabolism
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2004-01-06
    Description: RNA interference (RNAi) is a widespread silencing mechanism that acts at both the posttranscriptional and transcriptional levels. Here, we describe the purification of an RNAi effector complex termed RITS (RNA-induced initiation of transcriptional gene silencing) that is required for heterochromatin assembly in fission yeast. The RITS complex contains Ago1 (the fission yeast Argonaute homolog), Chp1 (a heterochromatin-associated chromodomain protein), and Tas3 (a novel protein). In addition, the complex contains small RNAs that require the Dicer ribonuclease for their production. These small RNAs are homologous to centromeric repeats and are required for the localization of RITS to heterochromatic domains. The results suggest a mechanism for the role of the RNAi machinery and small RNAs in targeting of heterochromatin complexes and epigenetic gene silencing at specific chromosomal loci.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3244756/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3244756/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Verdel, Andre -- Jia, Songtao -- Gerber, Scott -- Sugiyama, Tomoyasu -- Gygi, Steven -- Grewal, Shiv I S -- Moazed, Danesh -- R01 GM072805/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM072805-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 30;303(5658):672-6. Epub 2004 Jan 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14704433" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Argonaute Proteins ; Cell Cycle Proteins/chemistry/genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Centromere/metabolism ; Chromosomes, Fungal/metabolism ; Endoribonucleases/chemistry/genetics/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Genes, Reporter ; Heterochromatin/*metabolism ; Mass Spectrometry ; Models, Genetic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Precipitin Tests ; Protein Binding ; *RNA Interference ; RNA, Fungal/metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; Ribonuclease III/metabolism ; Schizosaccharomyces/*genetics/metabolism ; Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins/chemistry/genetics/isolation & ; purification/*metabolism
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2004-02-21
    Description: We have engineered a pathway for the formation of disulfide bonds. By imposing evolutionary pressure, we isolated mutations that changed thioredoxin, which is a monomeric disulfide reductase, into a [2Fe-2S] bridged dimer capable of catalyzing O2-dependent sulfhydryl oxidation in vitro. Expression of the mutant protein in Escherichia coli with oxidizing cytoplasm and secretion via the Tat pathway restored disulfide bond formation in strains that lacked the complete periplasmic oxidative machinery (DsbA and DsbB). The evolution of [2Fe-2S] thioredoxin illustrates how mutations within an existing scaffold can add a cofactor and markedly change protein function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Masip, Lluis -- Pan, Jonathan L -- Haldar, Suranjana -- Penner-Hahn, James E -- DeLisa, Matthew P -- Georgiou, George -- Bardwell, James C A -- Collet, Jean-Francois -- GM-38047/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-55090/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-57039/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-64662/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41-RR01633/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 20;303(5661):1185-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14976313" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cysteine/analysis ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Dimerization ; Directed Molecular Evolution ; Disulfides/chemistry/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli/genetics/*metabolism/physiology ; Hirudins/chemistry/metabolism ; Iron/analysis ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Movement ; Mutation ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Protein Disulfide-Isomerases/genetics/metabolism ; *Protein Engineering ; Protein Folding ; Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Sulfides/analysis ; Thioredoxins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 12
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-01-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berger, Frederic -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 23;303(5657):483-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, Laboratoire RDP UMR 5667, F-69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France. frederic.berger@ens-lyon.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14739448" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Arabidopsis/*genetics/growth & development/metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase/genetics/metabolism ; DNA Methylation ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Gene Silencing ; *Genomic Imprinting ; Homeodomain Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Mutation ; N-Glycosyl Hydrolases/genetics/metabolism ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Seeds/*genetics/metabolism ; Trans-Activators/genetics/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/*genetics/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2004-10-30
    Description: Polar transport-dependent local accumulation of auxin provides positional cues for multiple plant patterning processes. This directional auxin flow depends on the polar subcellular localization of the PIN auxin efflux regulators. Overexpression of the PINOID protein kinase induces a basal-to-apical shift in PIN localization, resulting in the loss of auxin gradients and strong defects in embryo and seedling roots. Conversely, pid loss of function induces an apical-to-basal shift in PIN1 polar targeting at the inflorescence apex, accompanied by defective organogenesis. Our results show that a PINOID-dependent binary switch controls PIN polarity and mediates changes in auxin flow to create local gradients for patterning processes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Friml, Jiri -- Yang, Xiong -- Michniewicz, Marta -- Weijers, Dolf -- Quint, Ab -- Tietz, Olaf -- Benjamins, Rene -- Ouwerkerk, Pieter B F -- Ljung, Karin -- Sandberg, Goran -- Hooykaas, Paul J J -- Palme, Klaus -- Offringa, Remko -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 29;306(5697):862-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Developmental Genetics, Center for Molecular Biology of Plants, University Tubingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 3, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15514156" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/cytology/genetics/growth & development/*metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Biological Transport ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Indoleacetic Acids/*metabolism ; Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Meristem/metabolism ; Mutation ; Plant Epidermis/cytology/metabolism ; Plant Roots/metabolism ; Plant Shoots/metabolism ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Seeds/metabolism
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  • 14
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beutler, Ernest -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 17;306(5704):2051-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. beutler@scripps.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15604397" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/*metabolism ; Biological Transport ; Cation Transport Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Enterocytes/metabolism ; Erythropoiesis ; Erythropoietin/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Hemochromatosis/genetics ; Hepatocytes/metabolism ; Hepcidins ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics ; Homeostasis ; Iron/*metabolism ; Iron Regulatory Protein 1/*metabolism ; Iron Regulatory Protein 2/*metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/genetics ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Oxygen/physiology ; Response Elements ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 15
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-06-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 18;304(5678):1736.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15205506" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Alleles ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Breeding ; Crosses, Genetic ; Environment ; Extremities/growth & development ; Fresh Water ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Genome ; Homeodomain Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Mutation ; Paired Box Transcription Factors ; Seawater ; Selection, Genetic ; Smegmamorpha/*anatomy & histology/*genetics ; Transcription Factors/*genetics/metabolism
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2004-09-11
    Description: The turnover of Jun proteins, like that of other transcription factors, is regulated through ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. Usually, such processes are regulated by extracellular stimuli through phosphorylation of the target protein, which allows recognition by F box-containing E3 ubiquitin ligases. In the case of c-Jun and JunB, we found that extracellular stimuli also modulate protein turnover by regulating the activity of an E3 ligase by means of its phosphorylation. Activation of the Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade after T cell stimulation accelerated degradation of c-Jun and JunB through phosphorylation-dependent activation of the E3 ligase Itch. This pathway modulates cytokine production by effector T cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gao, Min -- Labuda, Tord -- Xia, Ying -- Gallagher, Ewen -- Fang, Deyu -- Liu, Yun-Cai -- Karin, Michael -- AI43477/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- ES04151/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- ES06376/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- R21AI48542/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 8;306(5694):271-5. Epub 2004 Sep 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0723, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15358865" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD28/immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/*metabolism ; Interferon-gamma/metabolism ; Interleukins/metabolism ; Lymphocyte Activation ; *MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 1 ; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8 ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 9 ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology/*metabolism ; Th2 Cells/cytology/immunology/metabolism ; Ubiquitin/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/*metabolism
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2004-12-14
    Description: Mammalian oocytes are held in prophase arrest by an unknown signal from the surrounding somatic cells. Here we show that the orphan Gs-linked receptor GPR3, which is localized in the oocyte, maintains this arrest. Oocytes from Gpr3 knockout mice resume meiosis within antral follicles, independently of an increase in luteinizing hormone, and this phenotype can be reversed by injection of Gpr3 RNA into the oocytes. Thus, the GPR3 receptor is a link in communication between the somatic cells and oocyte of the ovarian follicle and is crucial for the regulation of meiosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mehlmann, Lisa M -- Saeki, Yoshinaga -- Tanaka, Shigeru -- Brennan, Thomas J -- Evsikov, Alexei V -- Pendola, Frank L -- Knowles, Barbara B -- Eppig, John J -- Jaffe, Laurinda A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 10;306(5703):1947-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center (UCHC), Farmington, CT 06032, USA. lmehlmann@neuron.uchc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15591206" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism ; Animals ; Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans/genetics/metabolism ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Female ; Granulosa Cells/physiology ; Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; In Situ Hybridization ; Lectins, C-Type ; Ligands ; Luteinizing Hormone/metabolism ; *Meiosis ; Metaphase ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Mitosis ; Oocytes/*physiology ; Ovarian Follicle/*physiology ; RNA/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics/*physiology ; Versicans
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2004-04-24
    Description: The mechanisms controlling axon guidance are of fundamental importance in understanding brain development. Growing corticospinal and somatosensory axons cross the midline in the medulla to reach their targets and thus form the basis of contralateral motor control and sensory input. The motor and sensory projections appeared uncrossed in patients with horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis (HGPPS). In patients affected with HGPPS, we identified mutations in the ROBO3 gene, which shares homology with roundabout genes important in axon guidance in developing Drosophila, zebrafish, and mouse. Like its murine homolog Rig1/Robo3, but unlike other Robo proteins, ROBO3 is required for hindbrain axon midline crossing.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1618874/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1618874/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jen, Joanna C -- Chan, Wai-Man -- Bosley, Thomas M -- Wan, Jijun -- Carr, Janai R -- Rub, Udo -- Shattuck, David -- Salamon, Georges -- Kudo, Lili C -- Ou, Jing -- Lin, Doris D M -- Salih, Mustafa A M -- Kansu, Tulay -- Al Dhalaan, Hesham -- Al Zayed, Zayed -- MacDonald, David B -- Stigsby, Bent -- Plaitakis, Andreas -- Dretakis, Emmanuel K -- Gottlob, Irene -- Pieh, Christina -- Traboulsi, Elias I -- Wang, Qing -- Wang, Lejin -- Andrews, Caroline -- Yamada, Koki -- Demer, Joseph L -- Karim, Shaheen -- Alger, Jeffry R -- Geschwind, Daniel H -- Deller, Thomas -- Sicotte, Nancy L -- Nelson, Stanley F -- Baloh, Robert W -- Engle, Elizabeth C -- DC00162/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- DC05524/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- EY12498/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY13583/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY15298/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY15311/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- MH60233/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P30 HD 18655/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY008313/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY008313-14/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL066251/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 4;304(5676):1509-13. Epub 2004 Apr 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. jjen@ucla.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15105459" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Alternative Splicing ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Axons/*physiology ; Evoked Potentials, Motor ; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory ; Female ; Functional Laterality ; Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Medulla Oblongata/growth & development/pathology ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Morphogenesis ; Mutation ; Neural Pathways ; Ophthalmoplegia/*genetics/pathology/physiopathology ; Pedigree ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Immunologic/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rhombencephalon/*growth & development/pathology ; Scoliosis/*genetics/pathology/physiopathology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Syndrome
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  • 19
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-08-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 13;305(5686):929.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15310869" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blast Crisis/*pathology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism ; Granulocytes/cytology ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/blood/*pathology ; Macrophages/cytology ; Mice ; Myeloid Progenitor Cells/pathology/*physiology ; Stem Cells/physiology ; Trans-Activators/metabolism ; beta Catenin
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  • 20
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-11-06
    Description: One of the important roles of microRNA (miRNA) is to direct the cleavage of messenger RNA (mRNA). However, the mechanisms of decay of the cleaved mRNA products is not well understood. We show that miRNA-directed cleavage products in organisms as diverse as Arabidopsis, mouse, and Epstein-Barr virus have at their 3' ends a stretch (1 to 24 nucleotides) of oligouridine posttranscriptionally added downstream of the cleavage site. This 3' uridine addition, as shown for Arabidopsis, is correlated with decapping and 5' shortening of the cleaved products, suggesting a mechanistic step in the miRNA-directed mRNA decay mechanism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shen, Binzhang -- Goodman, Howard M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 5;306(5698):997.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15528436" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arabidopsis ; Cells, Cultured ; Cloning, Molecular ; Herpesvirus 4, Human/metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; MicroRNAs/*metabolism ; Poly U/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Uridine/*metabolism
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  • 21
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-04-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 23;304(5670):501-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15105467" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; *Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; *Genomic Imprinting ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II/genetics/physiology ; Japan ; Mice ; Mutation ; Oocytes/*physiology ; *Parthenogenesis ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; RNA, Untranslated/genetics/physiology
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  • 22
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-08-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 30;305(5684):589.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15286333" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amyloid/chemistry/metabolism ; Animals ; Brain Chemistry ; Escherichia coli/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Prion Diseases/*etiology ; Prions/administration & dosage/biosynthesis/chemistry/*pathogenicity ; Protein Folding ; Recombinant Proteins/administration & dosage/chemistry ; Time Factors
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2004-11-06
    Description: In RNA interference (RNAi), double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) triggers degradation of homologous messenger RNA. In many organisms, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is required to initiate or amplify RNAi, but the substrate for dsRNA synthesis in vivo is not known. Here, we show that RdRp-dependent transgene silencing in Arabidopsis was caused by mutation of XRN4, which is a ribonuclease (RNase) implicated in mRNA turnover by means of decapping and 5'-3' exonucleolysis. When both XRN4 and the RdRp were mutated, the plants accumulated decapped transgene mRNA. We propose that mRNAs lacking a cap structure become exposed to RdRp to initiate or maintain RNAi.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gazzani, S -- Lawrenson, T -- Woodward, C -- Headon, D -- Sablowski, R -- BBS/E/J/00000594/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 5;306(5698):1046-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15528448" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arabidopsis/*genetics ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics ; Exoribonucleases/genetics ; Gene Silencing ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics ; Mutation ; Plant Proteins/genetics ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; RNA Caps ; *RNA Interference ; RNA Replicase/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/*metabolism ; RNA, Plant/*metabolism ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2004-05-25
    Description: The protein-remodeling factor Hsp104 governs inheritance of [PSI+], a yeast prion formed by self-perpetuating amyloid conformers of the translation termination factor Sup35. Perplexingly, either excess or insufficient Hsp104 eliminates [PSI+]. In vitro, at low concentrations, Hsp104 catalyzed the formation of oligomeric intermediates that proved critical for the nucleation of Sup 35 fibrillization de novo and displayed a conformation common among amyloidogenic polypeptides. At higher Hsp104 concentrations, amyloidogenic oligomerization and contingent fibrillization were abolished. Hsp104 also disassembled mature fibers in a manner that initially exposed new surfaces for conformational replication but eventually exterminated prion conformers. These Hsp104 activities differed in their reaction mechanism and can explain [PSI+] inheritance patterns.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shorter, James -- Lindquist, Susan -- GM25874/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 18;304(5678):1793-7. Epub 2004 May 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15155912" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Amyloid/chemistry ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/chemistry/immunology ; Antibodies/immunology ; Biopolymers ; Catalysis ; Heat-Shock Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Hydrolysis ; Mutation ; Peptide Fragments/chemistry/immunology ; Peptide Termination Factors ; Prions/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2004-03-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bidoia, C -- Misgeld, T -- Weinzierl, E -- Buffelli, M -- Feng, G -- Cangiano, A -- Lichtman, J W -- Sanes, J R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 26;303(5666):1977; author reply 1977.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche e della Visione, Universita' di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, Verona, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15044788" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/physiology/ultrastructure ; Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/genetics/*physiology ; Crosses, Genetic ; Diaphragm/innervation ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Neurologic Mutants ; Mice, Transgenic ; Motor Endplate/ultrastructure ; Muscle, Skeletal/innervation ; Mutation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Neuromuscular Junction/*growth & development/physiology/ultrastructure ; Phenotype ; Serine Endopeptidases ; Synapses/*physiology/ultrastructure
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  • 26
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-08-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 6;305(5685):772-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15297645" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antirheumatic Agents/therapeutic use ; Arthritis, Juvenile/drug therapy/genetics/immunology ; Autoimmunity ; Cell Movement ; Child ; Dendritic Cells/*immunology/physiology ; Humans ; *Immune Tolerance ; Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein ; Interleukin-1/genetics/physiology ; Lymph Nodes/immunology ; Mice ; Sialoglycoproteins/therapeutic use ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Up-Regulation
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2004-02-21
    Description: Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) induces a disease similar to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in cats, yet in contrast to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), CD4 is not the viral receptor. We identified a primary receptor for FIV as CD134 (OX40), a T cell activation antigen and costimulatory molecule. CD134 expression promotes viral binding and renders cells permissive for viral entry, productive infection, and syncytium formation. Infection is CXCR4-dependent, analogous to infection with X4 strains of HIV. Thus, despite the evolutionary divergence of the feline and human lentiviruses, both viruses use receptors that target the virus to a subset of cells that are pivotal to the acquired immune response.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shimojima, Masayuki -- Miyazawa, Takayuki -- Ikeda, Yasuhiro -- McMonagle, Elizabeth L -- Haining, Hayley -- Akashi, Hiroomi -- Takeuchi, Yasuhiro -- Hosie, Margaret J -- Willett, Brian J -- R01 AI49765-01A1/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 20;303(5661):1192-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14976315" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism/virology ; Cats ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA, Complementary ; Gene Library ; HIV/metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Heterocyclic Compounds/pharmacology ; Humans ; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline/*metabolism/pathogenicity ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Receptors, CXCR4/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Receptors, OX40 ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/chemistry/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Receptors, Virus/chemistry/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Species Specificity ; Transduction, Genetic ; Transfection
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2004-02-07
    Description: Stromal cells can have a significant impact on the carcinogenic process in adjacent epithelia. The role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling in such epithelial-mesenchymal interactions was determined by conditional inactivation of the TGF-beta type II receptor gene in mouse fibroblasts (Tgfbr2fspKO). The loss of TGF-beta responsiveness in fibroblasts resulted in intraepithelial neoplasia in prostate and invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the forestomach, both associated with an increased abundance of stromal cells. Activation of paracrine hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signaling was identified as one possible mechanism for stimulation of epithelial proliferation. Thus, TGF-beta signaling in fibroblasts modulates the growth and oncogenic potential of adjacent epithelia in selected tissues.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhowmick, Neil A -- Chytil, Anna -- Plieth, David -- Gorska, Agnieszka E -- Dumont, Nancy -- Shappell, Scott -- Washington, M Kay -- Neilson, Eric G -- Moses, Harold L -- AR41943/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- CA102162/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA68485/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA85492/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DK46282/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 6;303(5659):848-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14764882" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/etiology/metabolism/pathology ; Cell Division ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cells, Cultured ; Epithelial Cells/*physiology ; Female ; Fibroblasts/*physiology ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/*etiology/metabolism/pathology ; Prostate/cytology/metabolism/pathology ; Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia/etiology/metabolism/pathology ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/metabolism ; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics/metabolism ; Recombination, Genetic ; *Signal Transduction ; Stomach/cytology/metabolism/pathology ; Stomach Neoplasms/etiology/metabolism/pathology ; Stromal Cells/*physiology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/*physiology
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2004-05-15
    Description: In higher metazoans, phagocytosis is essential in host defense against microbial pathogens and in clearance of apoptotic cells. Both microbial and apoptotic cells are delivered on a common route from phagosomes to lysosomes for degradation. Here, we found that activation of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway by bacteria, but not apoptotic cells, regulated phagocytosis at multiple steps including internalization and phagosome maturation. Phagocytosis of bacteria was impaired in the absence of TLR signaling. Two modes of phagosome maturation were observed, constitutive and inducible; their differential engagement depended on the ability of the cargo to trigger TLR signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blander, J Magarian -- Medzhitov, Ruslan -- AI46688/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 14;304(5673):1014-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15143282" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Animals ; Antigens, Differentiation/metabolism ; Apoptosis ; Bacteria/*immunology/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Escherichia coli/immunology/physiology ; Lysosomes/ultrastructure ; Macrophages/*immunology/metabolism/microbiology/ultrastructure ; Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Microscopy, Immunoelectron ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 ; *Phagocytosis ; Phagosomes/microbiology/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Salmonella typhimurium/immunology/physiology ; *Signal Transduction ; Staphylococcus aureus/immunology/physiology ; Toll-Like Receptors ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2004-08-17
    Description: The SOS response aids bacterial propagation by inhibiting cell division during repair of DNA damage. We report that inactivation of the ftsI gene product, penicillin binding protein 3, by either beta-lactam antibiotics or genetic mutation induces SOS in Escherichia coli through the DpiBA two-component signal transduction system. This event, which requires the SOS-promoting recA and lexA genes as well as dpiA, transiently halts bacterial cell division, enabling survival to otherwise lethal antibiotic exposure. Our findings reveal defective cell wall synthesis as an unexpected initiator of the bacterial SOS response, indicate that beta-lactam antibiotics are extracellular stimuli of this response, and demonstrate a novel mechanism for mitigation of antimicrobial lethality.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Christine -- Thomsen, Line Elnif -- Gaggero, Carina -- Mosseri, Ronen -- Ingmer, Hanne -- Cohen, Stanley N -- R01 AI08619/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 10;305(5690):1629-31. Epub 2004 Aug 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15308764" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ampicillin/*pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Division ; Cell Wall/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/*drug effects/genetics/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Hexosyltransferases/genetics/metabolism ; Lac Operon ; Muramoylpentapeptide Carboxypeptidase/genetics/metabolism ; Mutation ; Operon ; Penicillin-Binding Proteins ; *Peptidoglycan Glycosyltransferase ; Peptidyl Transferases/genetics/metabolism ; Protein Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; *SOS Response (Genetics) ; Signal Transduction ; Temperature ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; beta-Galactosidase/biosynthesis ; beta-Lactams/metabolism/*pharmacology
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2004-12-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Godfrey, Dale I -- Pellicci, Daniel G -- Smyth, Mark J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 3;306(5702):1687-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. godfrey@unimelb.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15576595" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD1/immunology ; Antigens, CD1d ; Carbohydrate Conformation ; Galactosyltransferases/genetics/metabolism ; Globosides/*immunology/metabolism ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; Killer Cells, Natural/*immunology ; Ligands ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Lysosomes/metabolism ; Mice ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology ; Thymus Gland/immunology ; beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases/metabolism
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  • 32
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-11-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Michalakis, Yannis -- Roze, Denis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 26;306(5701):1492-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genetique et Evolution des Maladies Infectieuses, UMR CNRS IRD 2724, Montpellier Cedex 5, France. yannis.michalakis@mpl.ird.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15567846" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; *Epistasis, Genetic ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Genes, Viral ; HIV Infections/drug therapy/virology ; HIV Protease/chemistry/genetics ; HIV Reverse Transcriptase/chemistry/genetics ; HIV-1/*genetics/physiology ; Humans ; Models, Genetic ; Mutation ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Reproduction ; Selection, Genetic ; Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus/*genetics/physiology
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2004-11-30
    Description: Reproductive strategies such as sexual reproduction and recombination that involve the shuffling of parental genomes for the production of offspring are ubiquitous in nature. However, their evolutionary benefit remains unclear. Many theories have identified potential benefits, but progress is hampered by the scarcity of relevant data. One class of theories is based on the assumption that mutations affecting fitness exhibit negative epistasis. Retroviruses recombine frequently and thus provide a unique opportunity to test these theories. Using amino acid sequence data and fitness values from 9466 human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) isolates, we find in contrast to these theories strong statistical evidence for a predominance of positive epistasis in HIV-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bonhoeffer, Sebastian -- Chappey, Colombe -- Parkin, Neil T -- Whitcomb, Jeanette M -- Petropoulos, Christos J -- R43 AI050321/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R43 AI057068/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 26;306(5701):1547-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ecology and Evolution, ETH Zurich, ETH Zentrum NW, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. seb@env.ethz.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15567861" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acids ; Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; *Epistasis, Genetic ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Genotype ; HIV Infections/drug therapy/virology ; HIV Protease/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; HIV Reverse Transcriptase/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; HIV-1/drug effects/*genetics/physiology ; Humans ; Mutation ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Software ; Virus Replication
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  • 34
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-05-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Watts, Colin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 14;304(5673):976-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Biocentre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK. c.watts@dundee.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15143270" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Animals ; Antigens, Differentiation/metabolism ; Apoptosis ; Bacteria/*immunology/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Guanine Nucleotide Dissociation Inhibitors/metabolism ; Lysosomes/physiology ; Macrophages/*immunology/metabolism/microbiology ; Membrane Fusion ; Membrane Glycoproteins/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology/metabolism ; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 ; *Phagocytosis ; Phagosomes/microbiology/*physiology ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism ; Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptors ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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  • 35
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-05-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ploegh, Hidde L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 28;304(5675):1262-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ploegh@hms.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15166355" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antigen Presentation ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology ; Antigens/*immunology ; Antigens, Viral/immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; *Cross-Priming ; Cysteine Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology/metabolism ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology ; Immune Tolerance ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Multienzyme Complexes/metabolism ; Peptides/immunology/metabolism ; Phagocytosis ; Phagosomes/immunology/metabolism ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology ; Vaccines/immunology
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2004-02-07
    Description: Theory on the evolution of virulence generally predicts selection for an optimal level of virulence determined by trade-offs with transmission and/or recovery. Here we consider the evolution of pathogen virulence in hosts who acquire long-lived immunity and live in a spatially structured population. We show theoretically that large shifts in virulence may occur in pathogen populations as a result of a bistability in evolutionary dynamics caused by the local contact or social population structure of the host. This model provides an explanation for the rapid emergence of the highly virulent strains of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boots, M -- Hudson, P J -- Sasaki, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 6;303(5659):842-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK. m.boots@sheffield.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14764881" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Caliciviridae Infections/epidemiology/*veterinary/virology ; *Communicable Diseases/epidemiology/immunology/transmission ; Disease Susceptibility ; Hemorrhagic Disease Virus, Rabbit/genetics/*pathogenicity ; Humans ; Immunity, Active ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Mutation ; Recombination, Genetic ; *Virulence/genetics
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2004-01-31
    Description: Neuronal death is a prominent, but poorly understood, pathological hallmark of prion disease. Notably, in the absence of the cellular prion protein (PrPC), the disease-associated isoform, PrPSc, appears not to be intrinsically neurotoxic, suggesting that PrPC itself may participate directly in the prion neurodegenerative cascade. Here, cross-linking PrPC in vivo with specific monoclonal antibodies was found to trigger rapid and extensive apoptosis in hippocampal and cerebellar neurons. These findings suggest that PrPC functions in the control of neuronal survival and provides a model to explore whether cross-linking of PrPC by oligomeric PrPSc can promote neuronal loss during prion infection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Solforosi, Laura -- Criado, Jose R -- McGavern, Dorian B -- Wirz, Sebastian -- Sanchez-Alavez, Manuel -- Sugama, Shuei -- DeGiorgio, Lorraine A -- Volpe, Bruce T -- Wiseman, Erika -- Abalos, Gil -- Masliah, Eliezer -- Gilden, Donald -- Oldstone, Michael B -- Conti, Bruno -- Williamson, R Anthony -- AG00080/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG04342/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AI09484/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HL63817/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 5;303(5663):1514-6. Epub 2004 Jan 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14752167" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology/*metabolism ; *Apoptosis ; Cell Survival ; Cerebellum/*cytology ; Complement Activation ; Dimerization ; Hippocampus/*cytology ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/immunology/metabolism ; Immunoglobulin G/immunology/metabolism ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules/immunology/metabolism ; Neurons/*physiology ; PrPC Proteins/chemistry/immunology/*metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2004-06-12
    Description: During embryogenesis, differentiation of skeletal muscle is regulated by transcription factors that include members of the Msx homeoprotein family. By investigating Msx1 function in repression of myogenic gene expression, we identified a physical interaction between Msx1 and H1b, a specific isoform of mouse histone H1. We found that Msx1 and H1b bind to a key regulatory element of MyoD, a central regulator of skeletal muscle differentiation, where they induce repressed chromatin. Moreover, Msx1 and H1b cooperate to inhibit muscle differentiation in cell culture and in Xenopus animal caps. Our findings define a previously unknown function for "linker" histones in gene-specific transcriptional regulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, Hansol -- Habas, Raymond -- Abate-Shen, Cory -- HD29446/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 11;304(5677):1675-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ)-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15192231" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/cytology/metabolism ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Histones/genetics/*metabolism ; Homeodomain Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; MSX1 Transcription Factor ; Mice ; Models, Genetic ; *Muscle Development ; Muscle, Skeletal/*cytology/metabolism ; Mutation ; MyoD Protein/genetics ; Myoblasts/*cytology/metabolism ; Precipitin Tests ; Protein Binding ; RNA Interference ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Xenopus/embryology/metabolism ; Xenopus Proteins
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2004-07-13
    Description: Erythropoietin (EPO) is both hematopoietic and tissue protective, putatively through interaction with different receptors. We generated receptor subtype-selective ligands allowing the separation of EPO's bioactivities at the cellular level and in animals. Carbamylated EPO (CEPO) or certain EPO mutants did not bind to the classical EPO receptor (EPOR) and did not show any hematopoietic activity in human cell signaling assays or upon chronic dosing in different animal species. Nevertheless, CEPO and various nonhematopoietic mutants were cytoprotective in vitro and conferred neuroprotection against stroke, spinal cord compression, diabetic neuropathy, and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis at a potency and efficacy comparable to EPO.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leist, Marcel -- Ghezzi, Pietro -- Grasso, Giovanni -- Bianchi, Roberto -- Villa, Pia -- Fratelli, Maddalena -- Savino, Costanza -- Bianchi, Marina -- Nielsen, Jacob -- Gerwien, Jens -- Kallunki, Pekka -- Larsen, Anna Kirstine -- Helboe, Lone -- Christensen, Soren -- Pedersen, Lars O -- Nielsen, Mette -- Torup, Lars -- Sager, Thomas -- Sfacteria, Alessandra -- Erbayraktar, Serhat -- Erbayraktar, Zubeyde -- Gokmen, Necati -- Yilmaz, Osman -- Cerami-Hand, Carla -- Xie, Qiao-Wen -- Coleman, Thomas -- Cerami, Anthony -- Brines, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 9;305(5681):239-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉H. Lundbeck A/S, 2500 Valby, Denmark.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15247477" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis ; Binding Sites ; Cells, Cultured ; Diabetic Neuropathies/drug therapy ; Drug Design ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy ; Erythropoiesis ; Erythropoietin/*analogs & ; derivatives/chemistry/genetics/metabolism/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Female ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Ligands ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Mutagenesis ; Nervous System Diseases/*drug therapy ; Neurons/metabolism ; Neuroprotective Agents/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Erythropoietin/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins ; Signal Transduction ; Spinal Cord Compression/drug therapy ; Stroke/drug therapy ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2004-06-26
    Description: Endogenous opioid binding to micro receptors is hypothesized to mediate natural rewards and has been proposed to be the basis of infant attachment behavior. Here, we report that micro-opioid receptor knockout mouse pups emit fewer ultrasonic vocalizations when removed from their mothers but not when exposed to cold or male mice odors. Moreover these knockout pups do not show a preference toward their mothers' cues and do not show ultrasonic calls potentiation after brief maternal exposure. Results from this study may indicate a molecular mechanism for diseases characterized by deficits in attachment behavior, such as autism or reactive attachment disorder.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moles, Anna -- Kieffer, Brigitte L -- D'Amato, Francesca R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 25;304(5679):1983-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience, Psychobiology and Psychopharmacology, Viale Marx 43, 00137 Roma, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15218152" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Bedding and Linens ; *Behavior, Animal ; Cold Temperature ; Cues ; Female ; Genotype ; Male ; Maternal Behavior ; *Maternal Deprivation ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; *Mothers ; Mutation ; *Object Attachment ; Odors ; Receptors, Opioid, mu/genetics/*physiology ; Reward ; Vocalization, Animal
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2004-12-25
    Description: In the developing brain, transcription factors (TFs) direct the formation of a diverse array of neurons and glia. We identifed 1445 putative TFs in the mouse genome. We used in situ hybridization to map the expression of over 1000 of these TFs and TF-coregulator genes in the brains of developing mice. We found that 349 of these genes showed restricted expression patterns that were adequate to describe the anatomical organization of the brain. We provide a comprehensive inventory of murine TFs and their expression patterns in a searchable brain atlas database.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gray, Paul A -- Fu, Hui -- Luo, Ping -- Zhao, Qing -- Yu, Jing -- Ferrari, Annette -- Tenzen, Toyoaki -- Yuk, Dong-In -- Tsung, Eric F -- Cai, Zhaohui -- Alberta, John A -- Cheng, Le-Ping -- Liu, Yang -- Stenman, Jan M -- Valerius, M Todd -- Billings, Nathan -- Kim, Haesun A -- Greenberg, Michael E -- McMahon, Andrew P -- Rowitch, David H -- Stiles, Charles D -- Ma, Qiufu -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 24;306(5705):2255-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15618518" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Brain/anatomy & histology/embryology/*growth & development/*metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; Corpus Striatum/anatomy & histology/embryology/growth & development/metabolism ; DNA Primers ; Databases, Factual ; *Gene Expression Profiling ; *Genome ; Hypothalamus/anatomy & histology/embryology/growth & development/metabolism ; In Situ Hybridization ; Mesencephalon/anatomy & histology/embryology/growth & development/metabolism ; Mice ; Neocortex/anatomy & histology/embryology/growth & development/metabolism ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rhombencephalon/anatomy & histology/embryology/growth & development/metabolism ; Spinal Cord/anatomy & histology/embryology/growth & development/metabolism ; Thalamus/anatomy & histology/embryology/growth & development/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/*genetics/*metabolism
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  • 42
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-01-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levitt, Pat -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 2;303(5654):48-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development and Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37203, USA. pat.levitt@vanderbilt.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14704417" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; Cerebral Cortex/*cytology/embryology ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism ; Down-Regulation ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Mice ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism ; Neurons/*cytology/*physiology ; Stem Cells/cytology/*physiology ; Time Factors ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2004-04-06
    Description: Huntington's disease (HD) is characterized by the accumulation of a pathogenic protein, Huntingtin (Htt), that contains an abnormal polyglutamine expansion. Here, we report that a pathogenic fragment of Htt (Httex1p) can be modified either by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-1 or by ubiquitin on identical lysine residues. In cultured cells, SUMOylation stabilizes Httex1p, reduces its ability to form aggregates, and promotes its capacity to repress transcription. In a Drosophila model of HD, SUMOylation of Httex1p exacerbates neurodegeneration, whereas ubiquitination of Httex1p abrogates neurodegeneration. Lysine mutations that prevent both SUMOylation and ubiquitination of Httex1p reduce HD pathology, indicating that the contribution of SUMOylation to HD pathology extends beyond preventing Htt ubiquitination and degradation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Steffan, Joan S -- Agrawal, Namita -- Pallos, Judit -- Rockabrand, Erica -- Trotman, Lloyd C -- Slepko, Natalia -- Illes, Katalin -- Lukacsovich, Tamas -- Zhu, Ya-Zhen -- Cattaneo, Elena -- Pandolfi, Pier Paolo -- Thompson, Leslie Michels -- Marsh, J Lawrence -- CA-62203/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HD36049/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD36081/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 2;304(5667):100-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Gillespie 2121, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15064418" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Corpus Striatum/cytology ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Drosophila ; Genes, MDR ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Huntington Disease/metabolism/*pathology ; Lysine/genetics/metabolism ; Mutation ; Nerve Degeneration ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Neurons/metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Proline/genetics/metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; SUMO-1 Protein/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection ; Ubiquitin/metabolism
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  • 44
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-10-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grimm, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 15;306(5695):389.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486263" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aneuploidy ; Animals ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Child ; *Chromosomal Instability ; *DNA Repair ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genomic Instability ; Humans ; Mice ; Mosaicism ; Mutation ; Neoplasms/*genetics ; Protein Kinases/genetics ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2004-01-06
    Description: Hsp70s are a ubiquitous family of molecular chaperones involved in many cellular processes. Two Hsp70s, Lhs1p and Kar2p, are required for protein biogenesis in the yeast endoplasmic reticulum. Here, we found that Lhs1p and Kar2p specifically interacted to couple, and coordinately regulate, their respective activities. Lhs1p stimulated Kar2p by providing a specific nucleotide exchange activity, whereas Kar2p reciprocally activated the Lhs1p adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase). The two ATPase activities are coupled, and their coordinated regulation is essential for normal function in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Steel, Gregor J -- Fullerton, Donna M -- Tyson, John R -- Stirling, Colin J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 2;303(5654):98-101.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14704430" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; *Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Heat-Shock Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Membrane Transport Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Molecular Chaperones/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Mutation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/chemistry/metabolism
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  • 46
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-04-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levitan, Irwin B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 16;304(5669):394-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. levitani@mail.med.upenn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15087533" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Channels, L-Type/chemistry/*metabolism ; Calcium Signaling ; Calmodulin/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Mutation ; Peptides/chemistry/genetics ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2004-02-21
    Description: PTEN is a tumor suppressor protein that dephosphorylates phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5 trisphosphate and antagonizes the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase signaling pathway. We show here that PTEN can also inhibit cell migration through its C2 domain, independent of its lipid phosphatase activity. This activity depends on the protein phosphatase activity of PTEN and on dephosphorylation at a single residue, threonine(383). The ability of PTEN to control cell migration through its C2 domain is likely to be an important feature of its tumor suppressor activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Raftopoulou, Myrto -- Etienne-Manneville, Sandrine -- Self, Annette -- Nicholls, Sarah -- Hall, Alan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 20;303(5661):1179-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and Cell Biology Unit, Cancer Research UK Oncogene and Signal Transduction Group, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14976311" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; COS Cells ; Catalysis ; Catalytic Domain ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement/*physiology ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Glioma ; Humans ; Mutation ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/chemistry/metabolism ; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphothreonine/metabolism ; Precipitin Tests ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; Sequence Deletion ; Transfection ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism/*physiology
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2004-04-17
    Description: Calmodulin (CaM) interactions with Ca2+ channels mediate both Ca2+ regulation of channels and local Ca2+ triggering of transcription factors implicated in neuronal memory. Crucial to these functions are the number of CaM molecules (CaMs) regulating each channel, and the number of CaMs privy to the local Ca2+ signal from each channel. To resolve these parameters, we fused L-type Ca2+ channels to single CaM molecules. These chimeric molecules revealed that a single CaM directs L-type channel regulation. Similar fusion molecules were used to estimate the local CaM concentration near Ca2+ channels. This estimate indicates marked enrichment of local CaM, as if a "school" of nearby CaMs were poised to enhance the transduction of local Ca2+ entry into diverse signaling pathways.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mori, Masayuki X -- Erickson, Michael G -- Yue, David T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 16;304(5669):432-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ca2+ Signals Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15087548" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Channels, L-Type/chemistry/*metabolism ; Calcium Signaling ; Calmodulin/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism ; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer ; Humans ; Mathematics ; Mutation ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Peptides/chemistry/genetics ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Transfection
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2004-04-10
    Description: Directionality in intracellular trafficking is essential to ensure the correct localization of proteins along the secretory pathway. Here, we found evidence for an active mechanism that prohibited back-fusion of de novo-generated vesicles with their donor compartment. Tip20p is a peripheral membrane protein implicated in consumption of COPI vesicles at the endoplasmic reticulum. However, a specific mutant of TIP20 did not interfere with COPII vesicle generation but allowed these vesicles to fuse back to the endoplasmic reticulum, a process that does not occur normally in the cell.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kamena, Faustin -- Spang, Anne -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 9;304(5668):286-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Friedrich Miescher Laboratorium der Max Planck Gesellschaft, Spemannstrasse 39, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15073376" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: COP-Coated Vesicles/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Glycoproteins/genetics/*physiology ; Golgi Apparatus/metabolism ; Intracellular Membranes/physiology/ultrastructure ; *Membrane Fusion ; Mutation ; Peptides/metabolism ; Protein Transport ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Vesicular Transport Proteins ; alpha-Glucosidases/genetics/metabolism
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  • 50
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-09-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wills-Karp, Marsha -- Karp, Christopher L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 17;305(5691):1726-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA. wildc7@cchmc.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15375256" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Asthma/immunology/*pathology/*physiopathology ; Cytokines/physiology/secretion ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Eosinophil Peroxidase ; Eosinophils/*physiology ; Erythroid-Specific DNA-Binding Factors ; Gene Targeting ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E/blood ; Lung/immunology/*pathology/*physiopathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mucus/secretion ; Peroxidases/genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Respiratory Hypersensitivity/immunology/*pathology/physiopathology ; Th2 Cells/immunology ; Transcription Factors/genetics
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2004-10-23
    Description: Computational tools can markedly accelerate the rate at which murine genetic models can be analyzed. We developed a computational method for mapping phenotypic traits that vary among inbred strains onto haplotypic blocks. This method correctly predicted the genetic basis for strain-specific differences in several biologically important traits. It was also used to identify an allele-specific functional genomic element regulating H2-Ealpha gene expression. This functional element, which contained the binding sites for YY1 and a second transcription factor that is probably serum response factor, is located within the first intron of the H2-Ealpha gene. This computational method will greatly improve our ability to identify the genetic basis for a variety of phenotypic traits, ranging from qualitative trait information to quantitative gene expression data, which vary among inbred mouse strains.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liao, Guochun -- Wang, Jianmei -- Guo, Jingshu -- Allard, John -- Cheng, Janet -- Ng, Anh -- Shafer, Steve -- Puech, Anne -- McPherson, John D -- Foernzler, Dorothee -- Peltz, Gary -- Usuka, Jonathan -- 1 R01 HG02322-01/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 22;306(5696):690-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics and Genomics, Roche Palo Alto, 3431 Hillview Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304-1397, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15499019" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; *Computational Biology ; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, MHC Class II ; Genetic Variation ; H-2 Antigens/*genetics ; Haplotypes ; Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/pharmacology ; Introns ; Liver/metabolism ; Lung/metabolism ; Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/metabolism ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Serum Response Factor/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
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  • 52
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-07-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guy-Grand, Delphine -- Vassalli, Pierre -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 9;305(5681):185-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Unite de Recherche et d'Expertise Antivirale, INSERM U277, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France. guygrand@pasteur.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15247461" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Cell Lineage ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/immunology/physiology ; Immunity, Innate ; Immunity, Mucosal ; Interleukins/biosynthesis ; Intestinal Mucosa/cytology/*immunology ; Killer Cells, Natural/immunology ; Ligands ; Lymphoid Tissue/embryology/immunology ; Lymphotoxin-alpha/analysis ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Mice, Transgenic ; Models, Immunological ; Mutation ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3 ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/analysis/genetics ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/analysis ; Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Thyroid Hormone/genetics/metabolism ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Thymus Gland/cytology/*immunology
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  • 53
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-10-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Muoio, Deborah M -- Newgard, Christopher B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 15;306(5695):425-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486283" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue/metabolism ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/*metabolism ; Endoribonucleases ; Enzyme Activation ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Insulin/*metabolism ; Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins ; Insulin Resistance/*physiology ; Islets of Langerhans/metabolism ; Liver/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8 ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Obesity/*metabolism ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors ; eIF-2 Kinase/metabolism
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2004-09-14
    Description: Signaling proteins are tightly regulated spatially and temporally to perform multiple functions. For Cdc42 and other guanosine triphosphatases, the subcellular location of activation is a critical determinant of cell behavior. However, current approaches are limited in their ability to examine the dynamics of Cdc42 activity in living cells. We report the development of a biosensor capable of visualizing the changing activation of endogenous, unlabeled Cdc42 in living cells. With the use of a dye that reports protein interactions, the biosensor revealed localized activation in the trans-Golgi apparatus, microtubule-dependent Cdc42 activation at the cell periphery, and activation kinetics precisely coordinated with cell extension and retraction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nalbant, Perihan -- Hodgson, Louis -- Kraynov, Vadim -- Toutchkine, Alexei -- Hahn, Klaus M -- GM57464/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM64346/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM057464/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 10;305(5690):1615-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15361624" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/metabolism ; Algorithms ; Animals ; *Biosensing Techniques ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/*metabolism ; Cell Polarity ; Cell Surface Extensions/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Endothelial Cells/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Fibroblasts ; Fluorescence ; Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry/metabolism ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; Humans ; Luminescent Proteins ; Mice ; Microtubules/metabolism ; Neutrophil Activation ; Neutrophils/*metabolism ; Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Pseudopodia/metabolism ; Pyrimidinones/metabolism ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein ; cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein/*metabolism ; rho GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; trans-Golgi Network/*metabolism/ultrastructure
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  • 55
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-10-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hall, Alan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 1;306(5693):65-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology & Cell Biology Unit, University College, London WC1E 6BT, UK. alan.hall@ucl. ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15459376" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin Cytoskeleton/metabolism/virology ; Actins/metabolism ; Catenins ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism/virology ; Enzyme Activation ; Kinesin/metabolism ; Membrane Fusion ; Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics/metabolism ; Microtubules/metabolism ; Mutation ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Vaccinia virus/genetics/growth & development/*metabolism ; Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Viral Structural Proteins/*metabolism ; src-Family Kinases/*metabolism
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  • 56
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-01-31
    Description: Sixty-one SARS coronavirus genomic sequences derived from the early, middle, and late phases of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic were analyzed together with two viral sequences from palm civets. Genotypes characteristic of each phase were discovered, and the earliest genotypes were similar to the animal SARS-like coronaviruses. Major deletions were observed in the Orf8 region of the genome, both at the start and the end of the epidemic. The neutral mutation rate of the viral genome was constant but the amino acid substitution rate of the coding sequences slowed during the course of the epidemic. The spike protein showed the strongest initial responses to positive selection pressures, followed by subsequent purifying selection and eventual stabilization.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chinese SARS Molecular Epidemiology Consortium -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 12;303(5664):1666-9. Epub 2004 Jan 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14752165" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Carnivora/virology ; China/epidemiology ; Cluster Analysis ; Coronavirus/genetics/isolation & purification ; *Disease Outbreaks ; *Evolution, Molecular ; *Genome, Viral ; Genotype ; Humans ; Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Open Reading Frames ; Phylogeny ; Point Mutation ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; SARS Virus/*genetics/isolation & purification/physiology ; Selection, Genetic ; Sequence Deletion ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/*epidemiology/*virology ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics ; Viral Matrix Proteins/chemistry/genetics
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2004-01-13
    Description: During genetic recombination and the recombinational repair of chromosome breaks, DNA molecules become linked at points of strand exchange. Branch migration and resolution of these crossovers, or Holliday junctions (HJs), complete the recombination process. Here, we show that extracts from cells carrying mutations in the recombination/repair genes RAD51C or XRCC3 have reduced levels of HJ resolvase activity. Moreover, depletion of RAD51C from fractionated human extracts caused a loss of branch migration and resolution activity, but these functions were restored by complementation with a variety of RAD51 paralog complexes containing RAD51C. We conclude that the RAD51 paralogs are involved in HJ processing in human cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Yilun -- Masson, Jean-Yves -- Shah, Rajvee -- O'Regan, Paul -- West, Stephen C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 9;303(5655):243-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms, Hertfordshire EN6 3LD, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14716019" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; CHO Cells ; Cell Line ; Cricetinae ; DNA Repair ; DNA, Cruciform/chemistry/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Female ; HeLa Cells ; Holliday Junction Resolvases/*metabolism ; Humans ; Mutation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Recombination, Genetic
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2004-06-12
    Description: Cells regulate the biophysical properties of their membranes by coordinated synthesis of different classes of lipids. Here, we identified a highly dynamic feedback mechanism by which the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae can regulate phospholipid biosynthesis. Phosphatidic acid on the endoplasmic reticulum directly bound to the soluble transcriptional repressor Opi1p to maintain it as inactive outside the nucleus. After the addition of the lipid precursor inositol, this phosphatidic acid was rapidly consumed, releasing Opi1p from the endoplasmic reticulum and allowing its nuclear translocation and repression of target genes. Thus, phosphatidic acid appears to be both an essential ubiquitous metabolic intermediate and a signaling lipid.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Loewen, C J R -- Gaspar, M L -- Jesch, S A -- Delon, C -- Ktistakis, N T -- Henry, S A -- Levine, T P -- BBS/E/B/0000F969/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- GM-19629/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 11;304(5677):1644-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Cell Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology, Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15192221" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; COS Cells ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Cytidine Diphosphate Diglycerides/metabolism ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; Inositol/*metabolism ; Liposomes/metabolism ; Mutation ; Nuclear Envelope/metabolism ; Phosphatidic Acids/*metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositols/metabolism ; Phospholipids/biosynthesis/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2004-01-24
    Description: Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) are essential for neuronal microtubule assembly and apoptosis. Phosphorylation of the activating protein 1 (AP1) transcription factor c-Jun, at multiple sites within its transactivation domain, is required for JNK-induced neurotoxicity. We report that in neurons the stability of c-Jun is regulated by the E3 ligase SCF(Fbw7), which ubiquitinates phosphorylated c-Jun and facilitates c-Jun degradation. Fbw7 depletion resulted in accumulation of phosphorylated c-Jun, stimulation of AP1 activity, and neuronal apoptosis. SCF(Fbw7) therefore antagonizes the apoptotic c-Jun-dependent effector arm of JNK signaling, allowing neurons to tolerate potentially neurotoxic JNK activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nateri, Abdolrahman S -- Riera-Sans, Lluis -- Da Costa, Clive -- Behrens, Axel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 27;303(5662):1374-8. Epub 2004 Jan 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Mammalian Genetics Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratories, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PX, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14739463" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Base Sequence ; Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; F-Box Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Mice ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neurons/*physiology ; PC12 Cells ; Phosphorylation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun/*metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism ; Rats ; Transcription Factor AP-1/metabolism ; Transfection ; Ubiquitin/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2004-02-07
    Description: The bacterium Listeria monocytogenes can cause a life-threatening systemic illness in humans. Despite decades of progress in animal models of listeriosis, much remains unknown about the processes of infection and colonization. Here, we report that L. monocytogenes can replicate in the murine gall bladder and provide evidence that its replication there is extracellular and intraluminal. In vivo bioluminescence imaging was employed to determine the location of the infection over time in live animals, revealing strong signals from the gall bladder over a period of several days, in diseased as well as asymptomatic animals. The data suggest that L. monocytogenes may be carried in the human gall bladder.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hardy, Jonathan -- Francis, Kevin P -- DeBoer, Monica -- Chu, Pauline -- Gibbs, Karine -- Contag, Christopher H -- R01HD37543/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 6;303(5659):851-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14764883" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Colony Count, Microbial ; Female ; Gallbladder/*microbiology ; Gallbladder Diseases/*microbiology ; Listeria monocytogenes/genetics/*growth & development/isolation & ; purification/pathogenicity ; Listeriosis/*microbiology ; Liver/microbiology ; Luminescence ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mutation ; Spleen/microbiology ; Time Factors ; Virulence
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2004-01-31
    Description: The lantibiotic lacticin 481 is synthesized on ribosomes as a prepeptide (LctA) and posttranslationally modified to its mature form. These modifications include dehydration of serines and threonines, followed by intramolecular addition of cysteines to the unsaturated amino acids, which generates cyclic thioethers. This process breaks eight chemical bonds and forms six newbonds and is catalyzed by one enzyme, LctM. We have characterized the in vitro activity of LctM, which completely processed a series of LctA mutants, displaying a permissive substrate specificity that holds promise for antibiotic engineering.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xie, Lili -- Miller, Leah M -- Chatterjee, Champak -- Averin, Olga -- Kelleher, Neil L -- van der Donk, Wilfred A -- GM 067725/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM58822/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 30;303(5658):679-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL61801, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14752162" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacterial Proteins/*biosynthesis/genetics ; *Bacteriocins ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cysteine/metabolism ; Enzymes/chemistry/genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Lactococcus lactis/enzymology/genetics/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Protein Precursors/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Serine/metabolism ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization ; Substrate Specificity ; Threonine/metabolism
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2004-05-25
    Description: Bacteria use conjugation systems, a subfamily of the type IV secretion systems, to transfer DNA to recipient cells. Despite 50 years of research, the architecture and mechanism of action of the channel mediating DNA transfer across the bacterial cell envelope remains obscure. By use of a sensitive, quantifiable assay termed transfer DNA immunoprecipitation (TrIP), we identify contacts between a DNA substrate (T-DNA) and 6 of 12 components of the VirB/D4 conjugation system of the phytopathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Our results define the translocation pathway for a DNA substrate through a bacterial conjugation machine, specifying the contributions of each subunit of the secretory apparatus to substrate passage.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3882297/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3882297/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cascales, Eric -- Christie, Peter J -- GM48746/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM048746/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 21;304(5674):1170-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, 6431 Fannin, JFB1.765, Houston, TX 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15155952" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism ; Agrobacterium tumefaciens/*genetics/*metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/*metabolism ; Biological Transport ; Cell Membrane/*metabolism ; *Conjugation, Genetic ; Cross-Linking Reagents ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Formaldehyde ; Ion Channels/metabolism ; Lipoproteins/metabolism ; Mutation ; Precipitin Tests ; Virulence Factors/*metabolism
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2004-06-26
    Description: The nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) family of transcription factors plays a seminal role in inflammation, apoptosis, development, and cancer. Modulation of NF-kappaB-mediated gene expression in response to diverse signals is coordinated by the IkappaB kinase (IKK) complex. We identified ELKS, an essential regulatory subunit of the IKK complex. Silencing ELKS expression by RNA interference blocked induced expression of NF-kappaB target genes, including the NF-kappaB inhibitor IkappaBalpha and proinflammatory genes such as cyclo-oxygenase 2 and interleukin 8. These cells were also not protected from apoptosis in response to cytokines. ELKS likely functions by recruiting IkappaBalpha to the IKK complex and thus serves a regulatory function for IKK activation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ducut Sigala, Jeanette L -- Bottero, Virginie -- Young, David B -- Shevchenko, Andrej -- Mercurio, Frank -- Verma, Inder M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 25;304(5679):1963-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15218148" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; Gene Expression ; Genes, Reporter ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; I-kappa B Kinase ; I-kappa B Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Interleukin-1/pharmacology ; Interleukin-8/genetics ; Isoenzymes/genetics ; Membrane Proteins ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Mutation ; NF-kappa B/*metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Precipitin Tests ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/genetics ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism ; RNA Interference ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2004-01-31
    Description: Protein tyrosine kinases and phosphatases cooperate to regulate normal immune cell function. We examined the role of PEST domain-enriched tyrosine phosphatase (PEP) in regulating T cell antigen-receptor function during thymocyte development and peripheral T cell differentiation. Although normal naive T cell functions were retained in pep-deficient mice, effector/memory T cells demonstrated enhanced activation of Lck. In turn, this resulted in increased expansion and function of the effector/memory T cell pool, which was also associated with spontaneous development of germinal centers and elevated serum antibody levels. These results revealed a central role for PEP in negatively regulating specific aspects of T cell development and function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hasegawa, Kiminori -- Martin, Flavius -- Huang, Guangming -- Tumas, Dan -- Diehl, Lauri -- Chan, Andrew C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 30;303(5658):685-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14752163" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoimmunity ; B-Lymphocytes/physiology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/physiology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/physiology ; Cell Cycle ; Gene Targeting ; Germinal Center/physiology ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Immunoglobulins/blood ; *Immunologic Memory ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocyte Count ; Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck)/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Transgenic ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 12 ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics/immunology ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 65
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-02-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hartwell, Lee -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 6;303(5659):774-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. lhartwel@fhcrc.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14764857" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Computational Biology ; Gene Deletion ; Genes, Essential ; *Genes, Fungal ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Humans ; Mice ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Quantitative Trait, Heritable ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Selection, Genetic
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2004-05-08
    Description: Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a crucial mediator of inflammatory pain sensitization. Here, we demonstrate that inhibition of a specific glycine receptor subtype (GlyR alpha3) by PGE2-induced receptor phosphorylation underlies central inflammatory pain sensitization. We show that GlyR alpha3 is distinctly expressed in superficial layers of the spinal cord dorsal horn. Mice deficient in GlyR alpha3 not only lack the inhibition of glycinergic neurotransmission by PGE2 seen in wild-type mice but also show a reduction in pain sensitization induced by spinal PGE2 injection or peripheral inflammation. Thus, GlyR alpha3 may provide a previously unrecognized molecular target in pain therapy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harvey, Robert J -- Depner, Ulrike B -- Wassle, Heinz -- Ahmadi, Seifollah -- Heindl, Cornelia -- Reinold, Heiko -- Smart, Trevor G -- Harvey, Kirsten -- Schutz, Burkhard -- Abo-Salem, Osama M -- Zimmer, Andreas -- Poisbeau, Pierrick -- Welzl, Hans -- Wolfer, David P -- Betz, Heinrich -- Zeilhofer, Hanns Ulrich -- Muller, Ulrike -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 7;304(5672):884-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, London WC1N 1AX, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15131310" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Dinoprostone/administration & dosage/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Female ; Freund's Adjuvant ; Glycine/metabolism ; Humans ; Inflammation/metabolism/*physiopathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neurons/metabolism ; Pain/*physiopathology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Phosphorylation ; Posterior Horn Cells/*metabolism ; Receptors, Glycine/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Spinal Cord/*metabolism ; Synaptic Transmission ; Transfection ; Zymosan
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2004-03-06
    Description: The central amygdala (CeA) plays a role in the relationship among stress, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), and alcohol abuse. In whole-cell recordings, both CRF and ethanol enhanced gamma-aminobutyric acid-mediated (GABAergic) neurotransmission in CeA neurons from wild-type and CRF2 receptor knockout mice, but not CRF1 receptor knockout mice. CRF1 (but not CRF2) receptor antagonists blocked both CRF and ethanol effects in wild-type mice. These data indicate that CRF1 receptors mediate ethanol enhancement of GABAergic synaptic transmission in the CeA, and they suggest a cellular mechanism underlying involvement of CRF in ethanol's behavioral and motivational effects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nie, Zhiguo -- Schweitzer, Paul -- Roberts, Amanda J -- Madamba, Samuel G -- Moore, Scott D -- Siggins, George Robert -- AA06420/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- AA10994/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- DA03665/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA13658/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 5;303(5663):1512-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuropharmacology and Alcohol Research Center, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15001778" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alcohol Drinking ; Amygdala/drug effects/*physiology ; Animals ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Ethanol/*pharmacology ; Evoked Potentials/drug effects ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Neurons/drug effects/*physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/antagonists & ; inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, GABA-A/metabolism ; Stress, Psychological/physiopathology ; Synaptic Transmission/*drug effects ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*metabolism
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2004-01-06
    Description: A previously unknown maltose transporter is essential for the conversion of starch to sucrose in Arabidopsis leaves at night. The transporter was identified by isolating two allelic mutants with high starch levels and very high maltose, an intermediate of starch breakdown. The mutations affect a gene of previously unknown function, MEX1. We show that MEX1is a maltose transporter that is unrelated to other sugar transporters. The severe mex1 phenotype demonstrates that MEX1is the predominant route of carbohydrate export from chloroplasts at night. Homologous genes in plants including rice and potato indicate that maltose export is of widespread significance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Niittyla, Totte -- Messerli, Gaelle -- Trevisan, Martine -- Chen, Jychian -- Smith, Alison M -- Zeeman, Samuel C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 2;303(5654):87-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14704427" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Arabidopsis/genetics/*metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Biological Transport ; Chloroplasts/metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; Crosses, Genetic ; DNA, Complementary ; Genes, Plant ; Glucose/metabolism ; Maltose/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Monosaccharide Transport Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Plant Leaves/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; Starch/*metabolism
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2004-04-17
    Description: Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of beta-amyloid (Abeta)-induced neuronal toxicity in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we demonstrate that Abeta-binding alcohol dehydrogenase (ABAD) is a direct molecular link from Abeta to mitochondrial toxicity. Abeta interacts with ABAD in the mitochondria of AD patients and transgenic mice. The crystal structure of Abeta-bound ABAD shows substantial deformation of the active site that prevents nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) binding. An ABAD peptide specifically inhibits ABAD-Abeta interaction and suppresses Abeta-induced apoptosis and free-radical generation in neurons. Transgenic mice overexpressing ABAD in an Abeta-rich environment manifest exaggerated neuronal oxidative stress and impaired memory. These data suggest that the ABAD-Abeta interaction may be a therapeutic target in AD.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lustbader, Joyce W -- Cirilli, Maurizio -- Lin, Chang -- Xu, Hong Wei -- Takuma, Kazuhiro -- Wang, Ning -- Caspersen, Casper -- Chen, Xi -- Pollak, Susan -- Chaney, Michael -- Trinchese, Fabrizio -- Liu, Shumin -- Gunn-Moore, Frank -- Lue, Lih-Fen -- Walker, Douglas G -- Kuppusamy, Periannan -- Zewier, Zay L -- Arancio, Ottavio -- Stern, David -- Yan, Shirley ShiDu -- Wu, Hao -- 1K07AG00959/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG16736/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG17490/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- NS42855/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P50AG08702/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 16;304(5669):448-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Reproductive Sciences and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15087549" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3-Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrogenases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alzheimer Disease/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Brain/*metabolism ; Brain Chemistry ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebral Cortex/chemistry/metabolism ; Crystallization ; DNA Fragmentation ; Hippocampus/physiology ; Humans ; Learning ; Memory ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Microscopy, Immunoelectron ; Mitochondria/chemistry/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; NAD/metabolism ; Neurons/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
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  • 70
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-03-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, Leslie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 26;303(5666):1960-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15044779" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child ; Child, Preschool ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; Endemic Diseases ; *Global Health ; Humans ; *Immunization Programs ; Infant ; Mutation ; Nigeria/epidemiology ; Poliomyelitis/*epidemiology/*prevention & control/transmission/virology ; Poliovirus/genetics/pathogenicity ; Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated ; *Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral/administration & dosage/adverse effects/genetics ; Vaccination ; World Health Organization
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  • 71
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-05-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lybarger, Suzanne R -- Sandkvist, Maria -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 21;304(5674):1122-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉American Red Cross, Holland Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Rockville, MD 20855, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15155939" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agrobacterium tumefaciens/*genetics/*metabolism/pathogenicity ; Bacteria/genetics/metabolism/pathogenicity ; Bacterial Proteins/*metabolism ; Biological Transport ; Cell Membrane/*metabolism ; Conjugation, Genetic ; Cross-Linking Reagents ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics/*metabolism ; Formaldehyde ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Precipitin Tests ; Protein Transport ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Virulence Factors/*metabolism
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2004-02-21
    Description: Adult stem cells offer the potential to treat many diseases through a combination of ex vivo genetic manipulation and autologous transplantation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs, also referred to as marrow stromal cells) are adult stem cells that can be isolated as proliferating, adherent cells from bones. MSCs can differentiate into multiple cell types present in several tissues, including bone, fat, cartilage, and muscle, making them ideal candidates for a variety of cell-based therapies. Here, we have used adeno-associated virus vectors to disrupt dominant-negative mutant COL1A1 collagen genes in MSCs from individuals with the brittle bone disorder osteogenesis imperfecta, demonstrating successful gene targeting in adult human stem cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chamberlain, Joel R -- Schwarze, Ulrike -- Wang, Pei-Rong -- Hirata, Roli K -- Hankenson, Kurt D -- Pace, James M -- Underwood, Robert A -- Song, Kit M -- Sussman, Michael -- Byers, Peter H -- Russell, David W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 20;303(5661):1198-201.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14976317" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells/physiology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Collagen Type I/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Dependovirus/genetics ; *Gene Targeting ; Genetic Therapy ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Kanamycin Kinase/genetics ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells/*physiology ; Mice ; Osteogenesis ; Osteogenesis Imperfecta/*genetics/*therapy ; Point Mutation ; Recombination, Genetic ; Stem Cell Transplantation
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 73
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-04-24
    Description: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous approximately 22-nucleotide RNAs, some of which are known to play important regulatory roles in animals by targeting the messages of protein-coding genes for translational repression. We find that miR-196, a miRNA encoded at three paralogous locations in the A, B, and C mammalian HOX clusters, has extensive, evolutionarily conserved complementarity to messages of HOXB8, HOXC8, and HOXD8. RNA fragments diagnostic of miR-196-directed cleavage of HOXB8 were detected in mouse embryos. Cell culture experiments demonstrated down-regulation of HOXB8, HOXC8, HOXD8, and HOXA7 and supported the cleavage mechanism for miR-196-directed repression of HOXB8. These results point to a miRNA-mediated mechanism for the posttranscriptional restriction of HOX gene expression during vertebrate development and demonstrate that metazoan miRNAs can repress expression of their natural targets through mRNA cleavage in addition to inhibiting productive translation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yekta, Soraya -- Shih, I-Hung -- Bartel, David P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 23;304(5670):594-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15105502" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3' Untranslated Regions ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Down-Regulation ; *Genes, Homeobox ; Genes, Reporter ; HeLa Cells ; Homeodomain Proteins/*genetics ; Humans ; Mice ; MicroRNAs/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neoplasm Proteins/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; Transfection
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2004-09-28
    Description: The correct timing of flowering is essential for plants to maximize reproductive success and is controlled by environmental and endogenous signals. We report that nitric oxide (NO) repressed the floral transition in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plants treated with NO, as well as a mutant overproducing NO (nox1), flowered late, whereas a mutant producing less NO (nos1) flowered early. NO suppressed CONSTANS and GIGANTEA gene expression and enhanced FLOWERING LOCUS C expression, which indicated that NO regulates the photoperiod and autonomous pathways. Because NO is induced by environmental stimuli and constitutively produced, it may integrate both external and internal cues into the floral decision.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉He, Yikun -- Tang, Ru-Hang -- Hao, Yi -- Stevens, Robert D -- Cook, Charles W -- Ahn, Sun M -- Jing, Liufang -- Yang, Zhongguang -- Chen, Longen -- Guo, Fangqing -- Fiorani, Fabio -- Jackson, Robert B -- Crawford, Nigel M -- Pei, Zhen-Ming -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 24;305(5692):1968-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15448272" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/drug effects/genetics/*physiology ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Flowers/growth & development/*physiology ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Mutation ; Nitric Oxide/genetics/*physiology ; Nitroprusside/pharmacology ; Photoperiod ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2004-07-13
    Description: Intestinal intraepithelial T lymphocytes (IELs) are likely to play a key role in host mucosal immunity and, unlike other T cells, have been proposed to differentiate from local precursors rather than from thymocytes. We show here that IELs expressing the alphabeta T cell receptor are derived from precursors that express RORgammat, an orphan nuclear hormone receptor detected only in immature CD4+CD8+ thymocytes, fetal lymphoid tissue-inducer (LTi) cells, and LTi-like cells in cryptopatches within the adult intestinal lamina propria. Using cell fate mapping, we found that all intestinal alphabeta T cells are progeny of CD4+CD8+ thymocytes, indicating that the adult intestine is not a significant site for alphabeta T cell development. Our results suggest that intestinal RORgammat+ cells are local organizers of mucosal lymphoid tissue.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eberl, Gerard -- Littman, Dan R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 9;305(5681):248-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Pathogenesis Program, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15247480" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD4/analysis ; Antigens, CD8/analysis ; Cell Lineage ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/immunology/physiology ; Immunity, Mucosal ; Intestinal Mucosa/cytology/*immunology ; Lymphoid Tissue/embryology/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3 ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/*analysis/genetics ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/analysis/genetics ; Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Thyroid Hormone/genetics/*metabolism ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/cytology/*immunology ; Thymus Gland/cytology/*immunology
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2004-02-21
    Description: Double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA) serves as a danger signal associated with viral infection and leads to stimulation of innate immune cells. In contrast, the immunostimulatory potential of single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) is poorly understood and innate immune receptors for ssRNA are unknown. We report that guanosine (G)- and uridine (U)-rich ssRNA oligonucleotides derived from human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) stimulate dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages to secrete interferon-alpha and proinflammatory, as well as regulatory, cytokines. By using Toll-like receptor (TLR)-deficient mice and genetic complementation, we show that murine TLR7 and human TLR8 mediate species-specific recognition of GU-rich ssRNA. These data suggest that ssRNA represents a physiological ligand for TLR7 and TLR8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heil, Florian -- Hemmi, Hiroaki -- Hochrein, Hubertus -- Ampenberger, Franziska -- Kirschning, Carsten -- Akira, Shizuo -- Lipford, Grayson -- Wagner, Hermann -- Bauer, Stefan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 5;303(5663):1526-9. Epub 2004 Feb 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universitat Munchen, Trogerstr. 9, D - 81675 Munich, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14976262" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Animals ; Antigens, Differentiation/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Cytokines/biosynthesis ; Dendritic Cells/*immunology ; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated ; Genetic Complementation Test ; Guanosine/analysis ; HIV-1/genetics/*immunology ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha/biosynthesis ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology ; Macrophages/*immunology ; Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 ; Oligoribonucleotides/chemistry/*immunology ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ; RNA, Viral/chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism ; Species Specificity ; Thionucleotides/chemistry/immunology ; Toll-Like Receptor 7 ; Toll-Like Receptor 8 ; Toll-Like Receptors ; Transfection ; Uridine/analysis
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  • 77
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-11-30
    Description: Plants use a structurally very simple gas molecule, the hydrocarbon ethylene, to modulate various developmental programs and coordinate responses to a multitude of external stress factors. How this simple molecule generates such a diverse array of effects has been the subject of intense research for the past two decades. A fascinating signaling pathway, with classical as well as novel plant-specific signaling elements, is emerging from these studies. We describe the four main modules that constitute this signaling pathway: a phosphotransfer relay, an EIN2-based unit, a ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation component, and a transcriptional cascade. The canonical and Arabidopsis ethylene signaling pathways in the Signal Transduction Knowledge Environment Connections Maps provide a complete panoramic view of these signaling events in plants.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alonso, Jose M -- Stepanova, Anna N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 26;306(5701):1513-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. jmalonso@unity.ncsu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15567852" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/genetics/*metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Ethylenes/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Plant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Plants/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry/metabolism ; SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 78
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-09-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Anderson, Daniel G -- Burdick, Jason A -- Langer, Robert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 24;305(5692):1923-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15448260" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Animals ; *Biocompatible Materials ; Cell Differentiation ; Humans ; Laminin/chemistry ; Mice ; Peptide Fragments/chemistry ; Stem Cells/cytology ; Surface Properties
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2004-06-05
    Description: Strategies for inhibiting phagolysosome fusion are essential for the intracellular survival and replication of many pathogens. We found that the lysosomal synaptotagmin Syt VII is required for a mechanism that promotes phagolysosomal fusion and limits the intracellular growth of pathogenic bacteria. Syt VII was required for a form of Ca2+-dependent phagolysosome fusion that is analogous to Ca2+-regulated exocytosis of lysosomes, which can be triggered by membrane injury. Bacterial type III secretion systems, which permeabilize membranes and cause Ca2+ influx in mammalian cells, promote lysosomal exocytosis and inhibit intracellular survival in Syt VII +/+ but not -/- cells. Thus, the lysosomal repair response can also protect cells against pathogens that trigger membrane permeabilization.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roy, Deepannita -- Liston, David R -- Idone, Vincent J -- Di, Anke -- Nelson, Deborah J -- Pujol, Celine -- Bliska, James B -- Chakrabarti, Sabyasachi -- Andrews, Norma W -- AI34867/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI43389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI48507/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM64625/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 4;304(5676):1515-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Microbial Pathogenesis and Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15178804" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteria/*growth & development/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; CHO Cells ; Calcium/metabolism ; *Calcium-Binding Proteins ; Cell Membrane/*physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cricetinae ; Endocytosis ; Exocytosis ; Listeria monocytogenes/growth & development ; Lysosomes/microbiology/physiology ; Macrophages/microbiology ; Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics/*physiology ; Mice ; Mutation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Permeability ; Phagosomes/microbiology/physiology ; Salmonella typhimurium/*growth & development/metabolism ; Synaptotagmins ; Vacuoles/microbiology ; Yersinia pseudotuberculosis/genetics/growth & development
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2004-01-24
    Description: Mammalian sex chromosomes have undergone profound changes since evolving from ancestral autosomes. By examining retroposed genes in the human and mouse genomes, we demonstrate that, during evolution, the mammalian X chromosome has generated and recruited a disproportionately high number of functional retroposed genes, whereas the autosomes experienced lower gene turnover. Most autosomal copies originating from X-linked genes exhibited testis-biased expression. Such export is incompatible with mutational bias and is likely driven by natural selection to attain male germline function. However, the excess recruitment is consistent with a combination of both natural selection and mutational bias.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Emerson, J J -- Kaessmann, Henrik -- Betran, Esther -- Long, Manyuan -- GM-065429-01A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 23;303(5657):537-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14739461" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Chromosomes, Human/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, X/*genetics ; Chromosomes, Mammalian/genetics ; Computational Biology ; Dosage Compensation, Genetic ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Genes, Duplicate ; Genetic Linkage ; Genome ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Introns ; Male ; Mice ; Monte Carlo Method ; Mutation ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Ovary/metabolism ; Pseudogenes/*genetics ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Retroelements/*genetics ; Selection, Genetic ; Sex Characteristics ; Testis/metabolism ; X Chromosome/*genetics
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2004-06-12
    Description: Anterior-to-posterior patterning, the process whereby our digits are differently shaped, is a key aspect of limb development. It depends on the localized expression in posterior limb bud of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and the morphogenetic potential of its diffusing product. By using an inversion of and a large deficiency in the mouse HoxD cluster, we found that a perturbation in the early collinear expression of Hoxd11, Hoxd12, and Hoxd13 in limb buds led to a loss of asymmetry. Ectopic Hox gene expression triggered abnormal Shh transcription, which in turn induced symmetrical expression of Hox genes in digits, thereby generating double posterior limbs. We conclude that early posterior restriction of Hox gene products sets up an anterior-posterior prepattern, which determines the localized activation of Shh. This signal is subsequently translated into digit morphological asymmetry by promoting the late expression of Hoxd genes, two collinear processes relying on opposite genomic topographies, upstream and downstream Shh signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zakany, Jozsef -- Kmita, Marie -- Duboule, Denis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 11;304(5677):1669-72.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology and Animal Biology and National Program Frontiers in Genetics, University of Geneva, Sciences III, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15192229" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; *Body Patterning ; Chromosome Inversion ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Forelimb/abnormalities/*embryology ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Gene Targeting ; *Genes, Homeobox ; Hedgehog Proteins ; Heterozygote ; Hindlimb/abnormalities/embryology ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Homozygote ; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors ; Limb Buds/*embryology/metabolism ; Mice ; Morphogenesis ; *Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Recombination, Genetic ; Signal Transduction ; Toes/abnormalities/embryology ; Trans-Activators/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; Zebrafish Proteins
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2004-02-14
    Description: The tumor suppressor p53 exerts its anti-neoplastic activity primarily through the induction of apoptosis. We found that cytosolic localization of endogenous wild-type or trans-activation-deficient p53 was necessary and sufficient for apoptosis. p53 directly activated the proapoptotic Bcl-2 protein Bax in the absence of other proteins to permeabilize mitochondria and engage the apoptotic program. p53 also released both proapoptotic multidomain proteins and BH3-only proteins [Proapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins that share only the third Bcl-2 homology domain (BH3)] that were sequestered by Bcl-xL. The transcription-independent activation of Bax by p53 occurred with similar kinetics and concentrations to those produced by activated Bid. We propose that when p53 accumulates in the cytosol, it can function analogously to the BH3-only subset of proapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins to activate Bax and trigger apoptosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chipuk, Jerry E -- Kuwana, Tomomi -- Bouchier-Hayes, Lisa -- Droin, Nathalie M -- Newmeyer, Donald D -- Schuler, Martin -- Green, Douglas R -- AI40646/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI47891/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM52735/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 13;303(5660):1010-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Cellular Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 10355 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14963330" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Apoptosis ; BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Line, Transformed ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytochromes c/metabolism ; Cytosol/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, p53 ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Intracellular Membranes/*physiology ; Liposomes/metabolism ; Mice ; Mitochondria/*physiology ; Mutation ; Permeability ; Protein Conformation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/chemistry/*metabolism ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Wheat Germ Agglutinins/pharmacology ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; bcl-X Protein
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2004-12-18
    Description: The inositol pyrophosphates IP7 and IP8 contain highly energetic pyrophosphate bonds. Although implicated in various biologic functions, their molecular sites of action have not been clarified. Using radiolabeled IP7, we detected phosphorylation of multiple eukaryotic proteins. We also observed phosphorylation of endogenous proteins by endogenous IP7 in yeast. Phosphorylation by IP7 is nonenzymatic and may represent a novel intracellular signaling mechanism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saiardi, Adolfo -- Bhandari, Rashna -- Resnick, Adam C -- Snowman, Adele M -- Snyder, Solomon H -- DA00074/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH068830-02/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH18501/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 17;306(5704):2101-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15604408" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Drosophila Proteins/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Escherichia coli Proteins/metabolism ; Humans ; Inositol Phosphates/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotransferases (Phosphate Group Acceptor)/metabolism ; Protein Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; Proteins/*metabolism ; RNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Serine/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Temperature
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2004-05-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Samet, Jonathan M -- DeMarini, David M -- Malling, Heinrich V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 14;304(5673):971-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. jsamet@jhsph.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15143266" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air Pollutants/*toxicity ; Air Pollution/*adverse effects ; Animals ; DNA Damage ; Female ; Filtration/instrumentation ; *Germ-Line Mutation ; Humans ; Industry ; Male ; Mice ; Mutagens/*toxicity ; Ontario ; Particle Size ; Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/toxicity ; Pregnancy ; Spermatogonia/drug effects/physiology ; Stem Cells/drug effects/physiology ; Tandem Repeat Sequences
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2004-08-31
    Description: Group A streptococci, a common human pathogen, secrete streptokinase, which activates the host's blood clot-dissolving protein, plasminogen. Streptokinase is highly specific for human plasminogen, exhibiting little or no activity against other mammalian species, including mouse. Here, a transgene expressing human plasminogen markedly increased mortality in mice infected with streptococci, and this susceptibility was dependent on bacterial streptokinase expression. Thus, streptokinase is a key pathogenicity factor and the primary determinant of host species specificity for group A streptococcal infection. In addition, local fibrin clot formation may be implicated in host defense against microbial pathogens.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, Hongmin -- Ringdahl, Ulrika -- Homeister, Jonathon W -- Fay, William P -- Engleberg, N Cary -- Yang, Angela Y -- Rozek, Laura S -- Wang, Xixi -- Sjobring, Ulf -- Ginsburg, David -- P01HL057346/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 27;305(5688):1283-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15333838" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ancrod/pharmacology ; Animals ; Anticoagulants/pharmacology ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Colony Count, Microbial ; Disease Susceptibility ; Fibrin/metabolism ; Fibrinolysin/metabolism ; Fibrinolysis ; Gene Deletion ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Plasminogen/genetics/*metabolism ; Skin/blood supply/microbiology ; Species Specificity ; Spleen/microbiology ; Streptococcal Infections/*microbiology ; Streptococcus pyogenes/*enzymology/growth & development/*pathogenicity ; Streptokinase/genetics/*metabolism ; Transgenes ; Virulence
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2004-12-18
    Description: Olig1 and Olig2 are closely related basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors that are expressed in myelinating oligodendrocytes and their progenitor cells in the developing central nervous system (CNS). Olig2 is necessary for the specification of oligodendrocytes, but the biological functions of Olig1 during oligodendrocyte lineage development are poorly understood. We show here that Olig1 function in mice is required not to develop the brain but to repair it. Specifically, we demonstrate a genetic requirement for Olig1 in repairing the types of lesions that occur in patients with multiple sclerosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arnett, Heather A -- Fancy, Stephen P J -- Alberta, John A -- Zhao, Chao -- Plant, Sheila R -- Kaing, Sovann -- Raine, Cedric S -- Rowitch, David H -- Franklin, Robin J M -- Stiles, Charles D -- 689/Multiple Sclerosis Society/United Kingdom -- NS08952/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS11920/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS4051/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 17;306(5704):2111-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15604411" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; Brain/growth & development/*physiology ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cuprizone/pharmacology ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Demyelinating Diseases/*physiopathology ; Ethidium/pharmacology ; Humans ; Lysophosphatidylcholines/pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Multiple Sclerosis/physiopathology ; Myelin Sheath/*physiology ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/*metabolism/physiology ; Oligodendroglia/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spinal Cord/growth & development/*physiology ; Stem Cells/physiology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2004-10-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Szule, Joseph A -- Coorssen, Jens R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 29;306(5697):813; author reply 813.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cellular and Molecular NeurobiologyResearch Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15514140" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane Structures/*chemistry/metabolism ; *Exocytosis ; Membrane Fusion ; Membrane Microdomains/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Neurons/*physiology ; PC12 Cells ; Qa-SNARE Proteins ; Rats
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2004-06-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 18;304(5678):1726-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15205495" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthrax ; Anthrax Vaccines ; *Bacillus anthracis ; *Containment of Biohazards ; Humans ; Laboratory Infection ; Mice ; *Safety Management ; United States
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2004-07-17
    Description: Vertebrate limb outgrowth is driven by a positive feedback loop involving Sonic Hedgehog (Shh), Gremlin, and Fgf4. By overexpressing individual components of the loop at a time after these genes are normally down-regulated in chicken embryos, we found that Shh no longer maintains Gremlin in the posterior limb. Shh-expressing cells and their descendants cannot express Gremlin. The proliferation of these descendants forms a barrier separating the Shh signal from Gremlin-expressing cells, which breaks down the Shh-Fgf4 loop and thereby affects limb size and provides a mechanism explaining regulative properties of the limb bud.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scherz, Paul J -- Harfe, Brian D -- McMahon, Andrew P -- Tabin, Clifford J -- 5T32GM0719T6/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD32443/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS33642/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 16;305(5682):396-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15256670" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Division ; Chick Embryo ; Down-Regulation ; Feedback, Physiological ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 4 ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 8 ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 9 ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Hedgehog Proteins ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Limb Buds/cytology/*embryology/metabolism ; Mesoderm/*cytology/metabolism ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Trans-Activators/*metabolism ; Up-Regulation
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 90
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-05-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Erwin, Douglas H -- Krakauer, David C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 21;304(5674):1117-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Paleobiology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA. erwin@santafe.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15155937" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Diffusion of Innovation ; Economics ; Ecosystem ; *Engineering ; Environment ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Gene Duplication ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; Genotype ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Selection, Genetic ; *Technology
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2004-11-20
    Description: Mobilization of fatty acids from triglyceride stores in adipose tissue requires lipolytic enzymes. Dysfunctional lipolysis affects energy homeostasis and may contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity and insulin resistance. Until now, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) was the only enzyme known to hydrolyze triglycerides in mammalian adipose tissue. Here, we report that a second enzyme, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), catalyzes the initial step in triglyceride hydrolysis. It is interesting that ATGL contains a "patatin domain" common to plant acyl-hydrolases. ATGL is highly expressed in adipose tissue of mice and humans. It exhibits high substrate specificity for triacylglycerol and is associated with lipid droplets. Inhibition of ATGL markedly decreases total adipose acyl-hydrolase activity. Thus, ATGL and HSL coordinately catabolize stored triglycerides in adipose tissue of mammals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zimmermann, Robert -- Strauss, Juliane G -- Haemmerle, Guenter -- Schoiswohl, Gabriele -- Birner-Gruenberger, Ruth -- Riederer, Monika -- Lass, Achim -- Neuberger, Georg -- Eisenhaber, Frank -- Hermetter, Albin -- Zechner, Rudolf -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 19;306(5700):1383-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15550674" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3T3-L1 Cells ; Adipocytes/enzymology/*metabolism ; Adipose Tissue/enzymology/*metabolism ; Adipose Tissue, Brown/enzymology/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; COS Cells ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/enzymology ; DNA, Complementary ; Diglycerides/metabolism ; Fatty Acids/metabolism ; Gene Silencing ; Glycerol/metabolism ; Humans ; Isoproterenol/pharmacology ; *Lipid Mobilization ; Lipolysis ; Lipoprotein Lipase/chemistry/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Sterol Esterase/genetics/*metabolism ; Substrate Specificity ; Transfection ; Triglycerides/metabolism
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  • 92
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-10-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schulz, Burkhard -- Frommer, Wolf B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 22;306(5696):622-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15499001" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Arabidopsis/genetics/*metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Biological Transport, Active ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Dimerization ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; Fatty Acids/*metabolism ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Substrate Specificity ; Waxes/*metabolism
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  • 93
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-06-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schuske, Kim -- Jorgensen, Erik M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 18;304(5678):1750-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0840, USA. jorgensen@biology.utah.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15205517" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Brain/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Hippocampus/cytology/metabolism ; Membrane Fusion ; *Membrane Transport Proteins ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Models, Neurological ; Mutation ; Neurons/*metabolism ; *Synaptic Transmission ; Synaptic Vesicles/*metabolism/physiology ; Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 1 ; Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2 ; *Vesicular Transport Proteins
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2004-02-21
    Description: Cyclic nucleotides regulate axonal responses to a number of guidance cues through unknown molecular events. We report here that Drosophila nervy, a member of the myeloid translocation gene family of A kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs), regulates repulsive axon guidance by linking the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) to the Semaphorin 1a (Sema-1a) receptor Plexin A (PlexA). Nervy and PKA antagonize Sema-1a-PlexA-mediated repulsion, and the AKAP binding region of Nervy is critical for this effect. Thus, Nervy couples cAMP-PKA signaling to PlexA to regulate Sema-1a-mediated axonal repulsion, revealing a simple molecular mechanism that allows growing axons to integrate inputs from multiple guidance cues.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Terman, Jonathan R -- Kolodkin, Alex L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 20;303(5661):1204-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1001 PCTB/725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14976319" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Axons/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Central Nervous System/embryology ; Cues ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Drosophila/cytology/*embryology/genetics/metabolism ; Drosophila Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/cytology/metabolism/physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Motor Neurons/metabolism/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Muscles/embryology/innervation/metabolism ; Mutation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*metabolism ; Neural Pathways ; Phenotype ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism ; Semaphorins/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transgenes
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  • 95
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-09-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Testa, Giuseppe -- Harris, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 17;305(5691):1719.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genomics, BIOTEC, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany. testa@mpi-cbg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15375251" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bioethical Issues ; Cloning, Organism/*ethics ; Embryo Research/ethics ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Genomic Imprinting ; *Germ Cells ; Humans ; Infertility ; Male ; Mice ; Parents ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted/*ethics ; *Stem Cells
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2004-09-09
    Description: Human genetic diseases that resemble accelerated aging provide useful models for gerontologists. They combine known single-gene mutations with deficits in selected tissues that are reminiscent of changes seen during normal aging. Here, we describe recent progress toward linking molecular and cellular changes with the phenotype seen in two of these disorders. One in particular, Werner syndrome, provides evidence to support the hypothesis that the senescence of somatic cells may be a causal agent of normal aging.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kipling, David -- Davis, Terence -- Ostler, Elizabeth L -- Faragher, Richard G A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 3;305(5689):1426-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15353794" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Animals ; Cell Aging ; Cell Division ; DNA Helicases/genetics/physiology ; Exodeoxyribonucleases ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Models, Animal ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; RecQ Helicases ; Telomere/metabolism ; *Werner Syndrome/genetics/pathology/physiopathology
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2004-10-09
    Description: We identified a previously unknown riboswitch class in bacteria that is selectively triggered by glycine. A representative of these glycine-sensing RNAs from Bacillus subtilis operates as a rare genetic on switch for the gcvT operon, which codes for proteins that form the glycine cleavage system. Most glycine riboswitches integrate two ligand-binding domains that function cooperatively to more closely approximate a two-state genetic switch. This advanced form of riboswitch may have evolved to ensure that excess glycine is efficiently used to provide carbon flux through the citric acid cycle and maintain adequate amounts of the amino acid for protein synthesis. Thus, riboswitches perform key regulatory roles and exhibit complex performance characteristics that previously had been observed only with protein factors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mandal, Maumita -- Lee, Mark -- Barrick, Jeffrey E -- Weinberg, Zasha -- Emilsson, Gail Mitchell -- Ruzzo, Walter L -- Breaker, Ronald R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 8;306(5694):275-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, Post Office Box 208103, New Haven, CT 06520-8103, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15472076" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 5' Untranslated Regions/chemistry/*metabolism ; Allosteric Regulation ; Allosteric Site ; Bacillus subtilis/*genetics/metabolism ; Base Pairing ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Glycine/*metabolism ; Ligands ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Operon ; RNA, Bacterial/chemistry/*metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/chemistry/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; Vibrio cholerae/*genetics/metabolism
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  • 98
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-02-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Klejnot, John -- Lin, Chentao -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 13;303(5660):965-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14963316" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/genetics/growth & development/*physiology ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Circadian Rhythm ; Cryptochromes ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Darkness ; *Drosophila Proteins ; *Eye Proteins ; Flavoproteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Flowers/*growth & development ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Light ; Mutation ; *Photoperiod ; *Photoreceptor Cells ; *Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate ; Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Phytochrome/genetics/*metabolism ; Phytochrome A ; Phytochrome B ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Plant/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2004-02-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1237009/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1237009/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Klett, Eric L -- Patel, Shailesh B -- R01 HL060613/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 20;303(5661):1149-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Genetics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14976303" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics/metabolism ; Animals ; Anticholesteremic Agents/pharmacology ; Azetidines/pharmacology ; Cholesterol, Dietary/*metabolism ; Enterocytes/*metabolism ; Ezetimibe ; Humans ; *Intestinal Absorption/drug effects ; Intestine, Small/metabolism ; Lipoproteins/genetics/metabolism ; Liver/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Sitosterols/blood
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2004-04-06
    Description: Because ethical restrictions limit in vivo studies of the human hemato-lymphoid system, substitute human to small animal xenotransplantation models have been employed. Existing models, however, sustain only limited development and maintenance of human lymphoid cells and rarely produce immune responses. Here we show that intrahepatic injection of CD34+ human cord blood cells into conditioned newborn Rag2-/-gammac-/- mice leads to de novo development of B, T, and dendritic cells; formation of structured primary and secondary lymphoid organs; and production of functional immune responses. This provides a valuable model to study development and function of the human adaptive immune system in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Traggiai, Elisabetta -- Chicha, Laurie -- Mazzucchelli, Luca -- Bronz, Lucio -- Piffaretti, Jean-Claude -- Lanzavecchia, Antonio -- Manz, Markus G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 2;304(5667):104-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Via Vela 6, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15064419" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Antigens, CD34/analysis ; B-Lymphocytes/cytology/*immunology ; Bone Marrow Cells/immunology ; Dendritic Cells/cytology/*immunology ; Dendritic Cells, Follicular/cytology/immunology ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/immunology ; Fetal Blood/*cytology ; Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte ; *Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Immune System/*physiology ; Immunoglobulins/analysis ; Infant, Newborn ; Lymph Nodes/cytology/immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Spleen/cytology/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/cytology/*immunology ; Tetanus Toxoid/immunology ; Thymus Gland/cytology/immunology ; Transplantation, Heterologous
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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