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  • Animals  (4,144)
  • Life Sciences (General)  (2,422)
  • Astronomy
  • 2020-2024  (15)
  • 2000-2004  (7,983)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1940-1944
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  • 1
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    Employment of English (2023)
    NYU Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: What sorts of cultural criticism are teachers and scholars to produce, and how can that criticism be "employed" in the culture at large? In recent years, debates about the role and direction of English departments have mushroomed into a broader controversy over the public legitimacy of literary criticism. At first glance this might seem odd: few taxpayers and legislators care whether the nation's English professors are doing justice to the project of identifying the beautiful and the sublime. But in the context of the legitimation crisis in American higher education, the image of English departments has in fact played a major role in determining public attitudes toward colleges and college faculty. Similarly, the changing economic conditions of universities have prompted many English professors to rethink their relations to their "clients," asking how literary study can serve the American public. What sorts of cultural criticism are teachers and scholars to produce, and how can that criticism be "employed" in the culture at large? In The Employment of English, Michael Bérubé, one of our most eloquent and gifted critics, examines the cultural legitimacy of literary study. In witty, engaging prose, Bérubé asserts that we must situate these questions in a context in which nearly half of all college professors are part-time labor and in which English departments are torn between their traditional mission of defining movements of literary history and protocols of textual interpretation, and their newer tasks of interrogating wider systems of signification under rubrics like "gender," "hegemony," "rhetoric," "textuality" (including film and video), and "culture." Are these new roles a betrayal of the field's founding principles, in effect a short-sighted sell-out of the discipline? Do they represent little more that an attempt to shore up the status of--and student enrollments in--English? Or are they legitimate objects of literary study, in need of public support? Simultaneously investigating the economic and the intellectual ramifications of current debates, The Employment of English provides the clearest and most condensed account of this controversy to date.
    Keywords: Astronomy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PG Astronomy, space and time
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Proceedings of the IIIT Lunar Calendar Conference (2023)
    International Institute of Islamic Thought
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This volume brings together both the elementary scientific facts that any lunar calendar formulation cannot ignore and a summary of the pressing scientific questions of particular interest to the Islamic calendar. Scientific aspects of the problem are thoroughly reviewed without prejudicing the argument in purely Islamic juridical questions and differences. The results are of great significance to both Islamic scholars and the general Muslim public. The papers presented are of a high scientific quality and are followed by a unanimous statement of the professional astronomers on the scientific questions. If these conclusions are followed, the varying sets of conventions used by different Islamic populations can be made selfconsistent and free from scientific errors, even if they still differ from each other. This new edition allows the correction of errors in the first edition, makes the style more uniform among the papers, and improves the articles’ graphs and figures. It aims to serve as an effective tool for addressing the calendrical issues that motivated the conference more than being merely a historical record. A new Afterword summarizes refinements in the scientific issues that have taken place in the ten years since the conference, many of which were prompted by the work presented here.
    Keywords: Religion ; Astronomy ; Education ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRP Islam::QRPF Islam: sacred texts and revered writings::QRPF1 The Koran (Qur’an) ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRP Islam ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PG Astronomy, space and time ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRA Religion: general::QRAM Religious issues and debates::QRAM3 Religion and science ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Calgary (2022)
    University of Calgary Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-07-19
    Description: How have our interactions with animals shaped Calgary? What can we do to ensure that humans and animals in the city continue to co-exist, and even flourish together? This wide-ranging book explores the ways that animals inhabit our city, our lives and our imaginations. Essays from animal historians, wildlife specialists, artists and writers address key issues such as human-wildlife interactions, livestock in the city, and animal performers at the Calgary Stampede. Contributions from some of Calgary's iconic arts institutions, including One Yellow Rabbit Performance Theatre, Decidedly Jazz Danceworks, and the Glenbow Museum, demonstrate how animals continue to be a source of inspiration and exploration for fashion, art, dance, and theatre. The full-colour volume is beautifully illustrated throughout with archival images, wildlife photography, documentary and production stills, and original artwork. Calgary: City of Animals is published in co-operation with the Calgary Institute for the Humanities.
    Keywords: Nature ; Animals ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFZ Animals & society
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Animal Metropolis (2022)
    University of Calgary Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-07-19
    Description: Animal Metropolis brings a Canadian perspective to the growing field of animal history, ranging across species and cities, from the beavers who engineered Stanley Park to the carthorses who shaped the city of Montreal. Some essays consider animals as spectacle: orca captivity in Vancouver, polar bear tourism in Churchill, Manitoba, fish on display in the Dominion Fisheries Museum, and the racialized memory of Jumbo the elephant in St. Thomas, Ontario. Others examine the bodily intimacies of shared urban spaces: the regulation of rabid dogs in Banff, the maternal politics of pure milk in Hamilton and the circulation of tetanus bacilli from horse to human in Toronto. Another considers the marginalization of women in Canada’s animal welfare movement. The authors collectively push forward from a historiography that features nonhuman animals as objects within human-centered inquiries to a historiography that considers the eclectic contacts, exchanges, and cohabitation of human and nonhuman animals. With contributions by: Kristoffer Archibald, Jason Colby, George Colpitts, Joanna Dean, Carla Hustak, Darcy Ingram, Sean Kheraj, William Knight, Sherry Olson, Rachel Poliquin, and Christabelle Sethna
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthropology ; Environmental Science ; History ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFZ Animals & society
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Sentient Ecologies (2022)
    Berghahn Books | Berghahn Books
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Employing methodological perspectives from the fields of political geography, environmental studies, anthropology, and their cognate disciplines, this volume explores alternative logics of sentient landscapes as racist, xenophobic, and right-wing. While the field of sentient landscapes has gained critical attention, the literature rarely seems to question the intentionality of sentient landscapes, which are often romanticized as pure, good, and just, and perceived as protectors of those who are powerless, indigenous, and colonized. The book takes a new stance on sentient landscapes with the intention of dispelling the denial of “coevalness” represented by their scholarly romanticization.
    Keywords: Social Science ; Sociology ; Rural ; Nature ; Animals ; Social Science ; Anthropology ; Cultural & Social ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFS Social groups::JFSF Rural communities ; bic Book Industry Communication::W Lifestyle, sport & leisure::WN Natural history::WNC Wildlife: general interest ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social & cultural anthropology, ethnography
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Multispezies-Ethnographie (2021)
    transcript Verlag | transcript Verlag
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Wie werden Natur und Tiere durch die Multispezies-Ethnographie inklusiv in Forschungsprojekte integriert? Katharina Ameli fokussiert die inter- und multidisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit. Aus einer Untersuchung der Schnittstellen zwischen gesellschafts- und naturwissenschaftlich orientierten Fachdisziplinen ergibt sich eine komplexe Betrachtung von Natur, Mensch und Tier. Die Einblicke in Interdependenzen unterschiedlicher Fachdisziplinen verdeutlichen den Bedarf an einer Multispezies-Ethnographie zur Analyse von MenschenTiereNaturenKulturen.
    Keywords: Natur ; Mensch ; Tiere ; Naturverständnis ; Interdisziplinarität ; Qualitative Forschung ; Kultur ; Ethnographie ; Umwelt ; Tier ; Human-animal Studies ; Umweltsoziologie ; Kulturanthropologie ; Kultursoziologie ; Kulturwissenschaft ; Nature ; Human ; Animals ; Understanding of Nature ; Interdisciplinarity ; Qualitative Research ; Culture ; Ethnography ; Environment ; Animal ; Environmental Sociology ; Cultural Anthropology ; Sociology of Culture ; Cultural Studies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues::JBFU Animals and society ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNT Social impact of environmental issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social and cultural anthropology
    Language: German
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  • 7
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    Eratóstenes. Constelações do Zodíaco (2021)
    Coimbra University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Este escrito pseudoeratosténico que se traduz nesta publicação retrata um grupo de episódios que não se limita a 12 constelações. Tampouco discorre acerca de influências/condicionalismos deterministas sobre eventualidades e comportamentos diários, mensais ou anuais das criaturas terrenas da Época Alexandrinista. Embora não se trate de um tratado astronómico e o estilo prime por um carácter simples e sucinto, muito há para descodificar nos pouco mais de quarenta episódios. De conotações astronómicas, apresenta-se como um exercício de aproximação, ao proporcionar ao recetor explicações de algo visível, mas não atingível - as constelações, através de imagens do saber comum, radicadas em cenas e aspetos mitológicos. Ademais, são vastos os topoi desenvolvidos, como philia, traição, cólera, justiça, crime e castigo, reverência, eponímia, etiologia, metamorfose, mitologia.
    Keywords: Astrology ; Tradition ; Alexandrian Era ; Religion ; Astronomy
    Language: Portuguese
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  • 8
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    Animals and Inequality in the Ancient World (2021)
    University Press of Colorado | University Press of Colorado
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Animals and Inequality in the Ancient World explores the current trends in the social archaeology of human-animal relationships, focusing on the ways in which animals are used to structure, create, support, and even deconstruct social inequalities. The authors provide a global range of case studies from both New and Old World archaeology—royal Aztec dog burial, the monumental horse tombs of Central Asia, and the ceremonial macaw cages of ancient Mexico among them. They explore the complex relationships between people and animals in social, economic, political, and ritual contexts, incorporating animal remains from archaeological sites with artifacts, texts, and iconography to develop their interpretations. Animals and Inequality in the Ancient World presents new data and interpretations that reveal the role of animals, their products, and their symbolism in structuring social inequalities in the ancient world. The volume will be of interest to archaeologists, especially zooarchaeologists, and classical scholars of pre-modern civilizations and societies.  Contributors: Alejandra Aguirre Molina, Benjamin S. Arbuckle, Levent Atici, Douglas V. Campana, Roderick Campbell, Ximena Chá­vez Balderas, Pam J. Crabtree, Susan D. deFrance, Kitty F. Emery, Abigail Holeman, H. Edwin Jackson, Leonardo López Lujá­n, Michael MacKinnon, Arkadiusz Marciniak, Sue Ann McCarty, Neil L. Norman, Gilberto Perez, Bernardo Rodriguez, William A. Saturno, Ashley E. Sharpe, Nawa Sugiyama, Charlotte K. Sunseri, Naomi Sykes, Fabiola Torres, Raul Valadez, Norma Valentin Maldonado, Adam S. Watson, Joshua Wright, Belem Zuniga-Arelleno
    Keywords: History ; Ancient ; Social Science ; Archaeology ; Nature ; Animals ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHC Ancient history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NK Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WN Nature and the natural world: general interest::WNC Wildlife: general interest
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    The Nivison Annals (2021)
    De Gruyter
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: In his last essay just weeks before his death at the age of 91, David S. Nivison says, "Breaking into a formal system - such as a chronology - must be like breaking into a code. If you are successful, success will show right off." Since the late 1970's Nivison has focused his scholarship on breaking the code of Three Dynasties (Xia, Shang, Zhou) chronology by establishing an innovative methodology based on mourning periods, astronomical phenomenon, and numerical manipulations derived from them. Nivison is most readily known in the field for revising (and then revising again) the date of the Zhou conquest of Shang, and for his theory that Western Zhou kings employed two calendars (His so-called "Two yuan" theory), the second being set in effect upon the death of the new king's predecessor and counted from the completion of post-mourning rites for him (i.e., a "second 'first' year"). Nivison's enabling discovery that the Bamboo Annal (BA) had a historical basis was initially designed to make Wang Guowei's analysis of lunar phase terms (the so-called "Four quarter" theory that separated each month into four quarters) work for Western Zhou bronze inscriptions. In order to do so he had to assume that some inscriptions used a second yuan counted from completion of mourning. The king's death was the most important event late in a reign, so this implied that a king's reign-of-record was normally counted from the second yuan, omitting initial mourning years. It follows that when the unexpressed mourning years are forgotten (or edited out) but the dates of the beginning and end of the dynasty are still known, the remaining reigns-of-record cluster toward the beginning and end, and a reign in the middle is enlarged. Problems, ideas, and solutions like the one described above are found throughout this new collection of important works on chronology, astronomy, and historiography.
    Keywords: China ; Chronology ; Astronomy ; Historiography ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTM Regional / International studies ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHM Australasian and Pacific history
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Science with the Cherenkov Telescope Array (2021)
    World Scientific Publishing Co.
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    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: This book summarizes the science to be carried out by the upcoming Cherenkov Telescope Array, a major ground-based gamma-ray observatory that will be constructed over the next six to eight years. The major scientific themes, as well as core program of key science projects, have been developed by the CTA Consortium, a collaboration of scientists from many institutions worldwide. CTA will be the major facility in high-energy and very high-energy photon astronomy over the next decade and beyond. CTA will have capabilities well beyond past and present observatories. Thus, CTA's science program is expected to be rich and broad and will complement other major multiwavelength and multimessenger facilities. This book is intended to be the primary resource for the science case for CTA and it thus will be of great interest to the broader physics and astronomy communities. The electronic version (e-book) is available in open access.
    Keywords: Gamma Rays ; Astrophysics ; Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) ; Cherenkov Telescopes ; Astroparticle Physics ; Multiwavelength ; Multimessenger ; Astronomy ; Dark Matter
    Language: English
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  • 11
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    Fremde Galaxien und abstrakte Welten (2021)
    transcript Verlag
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: How does open access change science as social practice? By answering that question, this innovative book provides sociology of science with a new subject: information infrastructure research.
    Description: Frei zugängliches digitales Publizieren wird innerhalb der Scientific Community intensiv diskutiert. Dennoch ist nur wenig darüber bekannt, wie sich das wissenschaftliche Kommunikationssystem mit der Nutzung von Open Access verändert. An den Beispielen der Astronomie und Mathematik untersucht Niels Taubert im Ländervergleich Deutschland/Südafrika die Besonderheiten der darauf basierenden Sozialität und erklärt, wie die Organisation der freien Zugänglichkeit von Publikationen die Rollen der Beteiligten formt. Die Studie trägt damit nicht nur zur Etablierung einer wissenschaftssoziologischen Informationsinfrastrukturforschung bei, sondern leistet mit Blick auf die wissenschaftspolitische Debatte auch soziologische Aufklärung.
    Keywords: Open Access ; Sociology of Science ; Sociology of Technology ; Information Infrastructure ; Open Science ; Digitalization ; Digital Media ; Astronomy ; Mathematics ; Science ; Sociology ; Wissenschaftssoziologie ; Techniksoziologie ; Informationsinfrastruktur ; Open Science ; Digitalisierung ; Digitalität ; Astronomie ; Mathematik ; Wissenschaft ; Soziologie ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDR Impact of science and technology on society
    Language: German
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  • 12
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    As Luzes do Príncipe. Sobre as experiências realizadas na Ilha do Príncipe em 1919, que ajudaram a validar a Teoria da Relatividade Geral (2021)
    Coimbra University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: By creating this comic, Living Science joins the celebrations of the 100th anniversary of the expeditions to the island of Príncipe in São Tomé e Príncipe, and Sobral, in Brazil, which allowed proof of the theory of General Relativity previously predicted by Albert Einstein. This comic will be disseminated and distributed on a large scale and aims to the presentation of the theory of General Relativity, using language understandable throughout the public. In addition, it is intended that the general public be able to value the expeditions made to Island of Príncipe and Sobral by astronomers portrayed here.
    Keywords: Science communication ; History of science ; Astronomy ; Physics
    Language: Portuguese
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  • 13
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    Human and Animal Models for Translational Research on Neurodegeneration: Challenges and Opportunities From South America (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Neurodegenerative diseases are the most frequent cause of dementia, representing a burden for public health systems (especially in middle and middle-high income countries). Although most research on this issue is concentrated in first-world centers, growing efforts in South America are affording important breakthroughs. This emerging agenda poses new challenges for the region but also new opportunities for the field. This book aims to integrate the community of experts across the globe and the region, and to establish new challenges and developments for future investigation. We present research focused on neurodegenerative research in South America. We introduce studies assessing the interplay among genetic, neural, and behavioral dimensions of these diseases, as well as articles on vulnerability factors, comparisons of findings from various countries, and works promoting multicenter and collaborative networking. More generally, our book covers a broad scope of human-research approaches (behavioral assessment, neuroimaging, electromagnetic techniques, brain connectivity, peripheral measures), animal methodologies (genetics, epigenetics, proteomics, metabolomics, other molecular biology tools), species (all human and non-human animals, sporadic, and genetic versions), and article types (original research, review, and opinion papers). Through this wide-ranging proposal, we hope to introduce a fresh approach to the challenges and opportunities of research on neurodegeneration in South America.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; South America ; Multicenter research ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Neurosciences ; Public Health ; Animals ; Clinical Protocols ; Research ; Human Experimentation ; Dementia ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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  • 14
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    Neuropharmacological, Neurobiological and Behavioral Mechanisms of Learning and Memory (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: drugs ; Behavior ; Memory tasks ; pre-clinical ; clinical ; Humans ; Animals ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKG Pharmacology
    Language: English
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  • 15
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    Des Sirius goldne Küsten – Astronomie und Weltraumfiktion (2021)
    Schöningh and Fink Social Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Welche Auswirkungen hat die Ausweitung des Erzählens auf die Galaxis eigentlich für das Erzählen selbst? Und inwiefern zeichnet die galaktische Einbildungskraft nicht nur verantwortlich für Umbrüche auf dem Feld des astronomischen Wissens, sondern auch auf dem Feld der literarischen Ästhetik? Der vorliegende Band nimmt sich dieser Fragen an und lässt dabei die Imagination des Außerirdischen in ihren historischen Verlaufsformen, ihrer epistemologischen Fundierung wie vor allem auch in ihrer poetischen Funktionalität sichtbar werden.
    Keywords: Astronomy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PG Astronomy, space and time
    Language: German
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  • 16
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    Neuroscience. The mice that don't miss mom: love and the mu-opioid receptor (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beckman, Mary -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 25;304(5679):1888-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15218114" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Bedding and Linens ; *Behavior, Animal ; Female ; Male ; *Maternal Deprivation ; Mice ; *Mothers ; Mutation ; *Object Attachment ; Odors ; Receptors, Opioid, mu/genetics/*physiology ; Vocalization, Animal
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 17
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    Medicine. Bone marrow cells: the source of gastric cancer? (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-11-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, Jean -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 26;306(5701):1455-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15567822" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells/*cytology ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Fusion ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Gastric Mucosa/chemistry/pathology ; Gastritis/microbiology/*pathology ; Helicobacter Infections/*pathology ; *Helicobacter felis ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Stem Cells/*cytology ; Stomach Neoplasms/*pathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 18
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    Neuroscience. NAD to the rescue (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2004-08-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bedalov, Antonio -- Simon, Julian A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 13;305(5686):954-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Clinical Research Division and J. A. Simon is in the Clinical Research and Human Biology Divisions, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. abedalov@fhcrc.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15310883" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/*physiology ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Ganglia, Spinal/cytology ; Mice ; Mutation ; NAD/biosynthesis/*metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/drug therapy/physiopathology ; Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use ; Nicotinamide-Nucleotide Adenylyltransferase/metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Sirtuin 1 ; Sirtuins/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism ; Wallerian Degeneration/metabolism/*physiopathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 19
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    Cancer research. Inflammation and cancer: the link grows stronger (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2004-11-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, Jean -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 5;306(5698):966-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15528423" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; Humans ; Inflammation/*complications/immunology ; Isoenzymes/metabolism ; Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/physiology ; Macrophages/immunology ; Membrane Proteins ; Mice ; NF-kappa B/physiology ; Neoplasms/*etiology/immunology ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/metabolism ; Risk Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Regulation of cytokine receptors by Golgi N-glycan processing and endocytosis (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-02
    Description: The Golgi enzyme beta1,6 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (Mgat5) is up-regulated in carcinomas and promotes the substitution of N-glycan with poly N-acetyllactosamine, the preferred ligand for galectin-3 (Gal-3). Here, we report that expression of Mgat5 sensitized mouse cells to multiple cytokines. Gal-3 cross-linked Mgat5-modified N-glycans on epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta receptors at the cell surface and delayed their removal by constitutive endocytosis. Mgat5 expression in mammary carcinoma was rate limiting for cytokine signaling and consequently for epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell motility, and tumor metastasis. Mgat5 also promoted cytokine-mediated leukocyte signaling, phagocytosis, and extravasation in vivo. Thus, conditional regulation of N-glycan processing drives synchronous modification of cytokine receptors, which balances their surface retention against loss via endocytosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Partridge, Emily A -- Le Roy, Christine -- Di Guglielmo, Gianni M -- Pawling, Judy -- Cheung, Pam -- Granovsky, Maria -- Nabi, Ivan R -- Wrana, Jeffrey L -- Dennis, James W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 1;306(5693):120-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15459394" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cell Movement ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; *Endocytosis ; Galectin 3/metabolism ; Genetic Vectors ; Glycosylation ; Golgi Apparatus/enzymology ; Growth Substances/metabolism/pharmacology ; Macrophages, Peritoneal/physiology ; Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/metabolism/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases/genetics/*metabolism ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Phagocytosis ; Polysaccharides/*metabolism ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/*metabolism ; Receptors, Cytokine/*metabolism ; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ultraconserved elements in the human genome (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-05-08
    Description: There are 481 segments longer than 200 base pairs (bp) that are absolutely conserved (100% identity with no insertions or deletions) between orthologous regions of the human, rat, and mouse genomes. Nearly all of these segments are also conserved in the chicken and dog genomes, with an average of 95 and 99% identity, respectively. Many are also significantly conserved in fish. These ultraconserved elements of the human genome are most often located either overlapping exons in genes involved in RNA processing or in introns or nearby genes involved in the regulation of transcription and development. Along with more than 5000 sequences of over 100 bp that are absolutely conserved among the three sequenced mammals, these represent a class of genetic elements whose functions and evolutionary origins are yet to be determined, but which are more highly conserved between these species than are proteins and appear to be essential for the ontogeny of mammals and other vertebrates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bejerano, Gill -- Pheasant, Michael -- Makunin, Igor -- Stephen, Stuart -- Kent, W James -- Mattick, John S -- Haussler, David -- 1P41HG02371/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 28;304(5675):1321-5. Epub 2004 May 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. jill@soe.ucsc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15131266" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alternative Splicing ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chickens/genetics ; Computational Biology ; *Conserved Sequence ; DNA, Intergenic ; Dogs/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Exons ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Genome ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Introns ; Mice/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; RNA/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Rats/genetics ; Takifugu/genetics
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    Pain research. Prolonging the agony (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-07-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, Jean -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 16;305(5682):326-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15256650" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Analgesics ; Animals ; Brain/physiology ; Cell Death ; Chronic Disease ; Dinoprostone/metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Inflammation/physiopathology ; Ion Channels/*physiology ; Neuralgia/physiopathology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Neurons, Afferent/physiology ; Pain/drug therapy/genetics/*physiopathology ; Receptors, Drug/genetics/*physiology ; Receptors, Glutamate/*physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Sodium Channels/physiology ; Spinal Cord/cytology/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    African origins of the domestic donkey (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-06-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beja-Pereira, Albano -- England, Phillip R -- Ferrand, Nuno -- Jordan, Steve -- Bakhiet, Amel O -- Abdalla, Mohammed A -- Mashkour, Marjan -- Jordana, Jordi -- Taberlet, Pierre -- Luikart, Gordon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 18;304(5678):1781.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lab. d'Ecologie Alpine, UMR CNRS-UJF 5553, 38041 Grenoble, France. albano.beja-pereira@ujf-grenoble.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15205528" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Animal Husbandry ; Animals ; *Animals, Domestic/classification/genetics ; Animals, Wild/genetics ; Archaeology ; Asia ; Cytochromes b/genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Equidae/classification/*genetics ; Haplotypes ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Phylogeny ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Cope's rule, hypercarnivory, and extinction in North American canids (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-02
    Description: Over the past 50 million years, successive clades of large carnivorous mammals diversified and then declined to extinction. In most instances, the cause of the decline remains a puzzle. Here we argue that energetic constraints and pervasive selection for larger size (Cope's rule) in carnivores lead to dietary specialization (hypercarnivory) and increased vulnerability to extinction. In two major clades of extinct North American canids, the evolution of large size was associated with a dietary shift to hypercarnivory and a decline in species durations. Thus, selection for attributes that promoted individual success resulted in progressive evolutionary failure of their clades.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Van Valkenburgh, Blaire -- Wang, Xiaoming -- Damuth, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 1;306(5693):101-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA. bvanval@ucla.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15459388" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Body Constitution ; Body Weight ; *Carnivora/anatomy & histology/classification/physiology ; Cuspid/anatomy & histology ; *Diet ; *Fossils ; Incisor/anatomy & histology ; Jaw/anatomy & histology ; Molar/anatomy & histology ; North America ; Paleodontology ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Predatory Behavior ; Principal Component Analysis ; Selection, Genetic
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    In vivo activation of the p53 pathway by small-molecule antagonists of MDM2 (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-01-06
    Description: MDM2 binds the p53 tumor suppressor protein with high affinity and negatively modulates its transcriptional activity and stability. Overexpression of MDM2, found in many human tumors, effectively impairs p53 function. Inhibition of MDM2-p53 interaction can stabilize p53 and may offer a novel strategy for cancer therapy. Here, we identify potent and selective small-molecule antagonists of MDM2 and confirm their mode of action through the crystal structures of complexes. These compounds bind MDM2 in the p53-binding pocket and activate the p53 pathway in cancer cells, leading to cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and growth inhibition of human tumor xenografts in nude mice.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vassilev, Lyubomir T -- Vu, Binh T -- Graves, Bradford -- Carvajal, Daisy -- Podlaski, Frank -- Filipovic, Zoran -- Kong, Norman -- Kammlott, Ursula -- Lukacs, Christine -- Klein, Christian -- Fotouhi, Nader -- Liu, Emily A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 6;303(5659):844-8. Epub 2004 Jan 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Discovery Oncology, Roche Research Center, Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc., Nutley, NJ 07110, USA. lyubomir.vassilev@roche.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14704432" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis/*drug effects ; Binding Sites ; Cell Cycle/drug effects ; Cell Division/*drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 ; Cyclins/metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Gene Expression ; Genes, p53 ; Humans ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Imidazoles/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Weight ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy/metabolism/*pathology ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Phosphorylation ; Piperazines/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Protein Conformation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 ; Stereoisomerism ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/*metabolism
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    Climate change. All downhill from here? (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-03-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Krajick, Kevin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 12;303(5664):1600-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15016975" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Altitude ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Environmental Pollutants/analysis ; Fishes/physiology ; Geography ; Lagomorpha/physiology ; *Plant Development ; Population Dynamics ; Temperature ; Trees/*growth & development
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    Ecology. Science center on Jordan-Israel border aims to bridge the rift (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-03-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Krajick, Kevin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 5;303(5663):1457.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15001752" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academies and Institutes ; Animals ; Desert Climate ; *Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; Financial Support ; Genome ; *Genomics ; *International Cooperation ; Israel ; Jordan ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; United States ; Universities
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    How did the horned lizard get its horns? (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-09-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fouts, William R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 24;305(5692):1909-10; author reply 1909-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15448251" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Lizards/*anatomy & histology ; Predatory Behavior ; *Selection, Genetic
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    Ubistatins inhibit proteasome-dependent degradation by binding the ubiquitin chain (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-02
    Description: To identify previously unknown small molecules that inhibit cell cycle machinery, we performed a chemical genetic screen in Xenopus extracts. One class of inhibitors, termed ubistatins, blocked cell cycle progression by inhibiting cyclin B proteolysis and inhibited degradation of ubiquitinated Sic1 by purified proteasomes. Ubistatins blocked the binding of ubiquitinated substrates to the proteasome by targeting the ubiquitin-ubiquitin interface of Lys(48)-linked chains. The same interface is recognized by ubiquitin-chain receptors of the proteasome, indicating that ubistatins act by disrupting a critical protein-protein interaction in the ubiquitin-proteasome system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Verma, Rati -- Peters, Noel R -- D'Onofrio, Mariapina -- Tochtrop, Gregory P -- Sakamoto, Kathleen M -- Varadan, Ranjani -- Zhang, Mingsheng -- Coffino, Philip -- Fushman, David -- Deshaies, Raymond J -- King, Randall W -- CA78048/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM068276/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM65334/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM66492/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA92131/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM-45335/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R21CA108545/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 1;306(5693):117-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15459393" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome ; Animals ; Cell Extracts ; Cyclin B/metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Proteins ; Cysteine Endopeptidases/metabolism ; *Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Interphase ; Mitosis ; Molecular Structure ; Multienzyme Complexes/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Ornithine Decarboxylase/metabolism ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; Protein Binding ; Proteins/*metabolism ; Quinolines/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism ; Sulfanilic Acids/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Ubiquitin/*metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes/metabolism ; Xenopus laevis
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    Leading-edge vortex lifts swifts (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-14
    Description: The current understanding of how birds fly must be revised, because birds use their hand-wings in an unconventional way to generate lift and drag. Physical models of a common swift wing in gliding posture with a 60 degrees sweep of the sharp hand-wing leading edge were tested in a water tunnel. Interactions with the flow were measured quantitatively with digital particle image velocimetry at Reynolds numbers realistic for the gliding flight of a swift between 3750 and 37,500. The results show that gliding swifts can generate stable leading-edge vortices at small (5 degrees to 10 degrees) angles of attack. We suggest that the flow around the arm-wings of most birds can remain conventionally attached, whereas the swept-back hand-wings generate lift with leading-edge vortices.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Videler, J J -- Stamhuis, E J -- Povel, G D E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 10;306(5703):1960-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Marine Biology (Experimental Marine Zoology Group), Groningen University, Post Office Box 14, 9750 AA, Haren, Netherlands. j.j.videler@biol.rug.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15591209" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Birds/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; *Flight, Animal ; Models, Anatomic ; Wings, Animal/anatomy & histology/*physiology
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    Medicine. Modulation of radiation injury (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-05-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coleman, C Norman -- Stone, Helen B -- Moulder, John E -- Pellmar, Terry C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 30;304(5671):693-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Radiation Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment & Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15118152" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cytokines/therapeutic use ; Disease Models, Animal ; Free Radical Scavengers/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Isoflavones/therapeutic use ; Radiation Injuries/*drug therapy/prevention & control ; Radiation Injuries, Experimental/drug therapy ; Radiation-Protective Agents/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Radiotherapy/adverse effects ; Whole-Body Irradiation/adverse effects
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    Early taming of the cat in Cyprus (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-04-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vigne, J-D -- Guilaine, J -- Debue, K -- Haye, L -- Gerard, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 9;304(5668):259.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CNRS-Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Department of Ecology and Biodiversity Management, UMR 5197, C.P. 56, F-75231 Paris Cedex 5, France. vigne@mnhn.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15073370" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Domestic/anatomy & histology ; *Archaeology ; *Burial ; *Cats/anatomy & histology ; Cyprus ; Humans ; Skeleton ; Time
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    Genetics. A ruff theory of evolution: gene stutters drive dog shape (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 24;306(5705):2172.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15618495" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Breeding ; Dogs/*anatomy & histology/*genetics/growth & development ; Genetic Variation ; Hindlimb ; Neoplasm Proteins/genetics ; Nose/anatomy & histology ; Phenotype ; Selection, Genetic ; Skull/anatomy & histology ; *Tandem Repeat Sequences ; Toes/anatomy & histology ; Transcription Factors/genetics
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    Ecosystems: The grand (canyon) experiment (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 10;306(5703):1884-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15591181" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arizona ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Fishes ; *Geologic Sediments ; *Rivers ; *Snails ; Water Movements
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    American Chemical Society meeting. Enzyme deactivates heart-friendly HDL (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-09-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, Robert F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 10;305(5690):1558-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15361602" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apolipoprotein A-I/metabolism ; Biomarkers/analysis ; Cardiovascular Diseases/*diagnosis ; Cholesterol/metabolism ; Humans ; Lipoproteins, HDL/*metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Peroxidase/*metabolism ; Risk Factors ; Tyrosine/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Developmental biology. Worm's light-sensing proteins suggest eye's single origin (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 29;306(5697):796-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15514125" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Brain/cytology ; Circadian Rhythm ; *Eye ; Gene Duplication ; Genome ; Homeodomain Proteins/*analysis ; Humans ; Light ; Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate/chemistry/*cytology ; Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate/chemistry/cytology ; Polychaeta/chemistry/*cytology/*genetics ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/cytology ; Rod Opsins/analysis/*chemistry/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Role of LBPA and Alix in multivesicular liposome formation and endosome organization (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-01-24
    Description: What are the components that control the assembly of subcellular organelles in eukaryotic cells? Although membranes can clearly be distorted by cytosolic factors, very little is known about the intrinsic mechanisms that control the biogenesis, shape, and organization of organellar membranes. Here, we found that the unconventional phospholipid lysobisphosphatidic acid (LBPA) could induce the formation of multivesicular liposomes that resembled the multivesicular endosomes that exist where this lipid is found in vivo. This process depended on the same pH gradient that exists across endosome membranes in vivo and was selectively controlled by Alix. In turn, Alix regulated the organization of LBPA-containing endosomes in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Matsuo, Hirotami -- Chevallier, Julien -- Mayran, Nathalie -- Le Blanc, Isabelle -- Ferguson, Charles -- Faure, Julien -- Blanc, Nathalie Sartori -- Matile, Stefan -- Dubochet, Jacques -- Sadoul, Remy -- Parton, Robert G -- Vilbois, Francis -- Gruenberg, Jean -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 23;303(5657):531-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14739459" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Annexin A2/metabolism ; Arylsulfonates/metabolism ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Cell Line ; Coloring Agents/metabolism ; Cytosol/metabolism ; Endocytosis ; Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport ; Endosomes/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Lipid Bilayers ; Liposomes/*metabolism ; Lysophospholipids/chemistry/*metabolism ; Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Molecular Structure ; Monoglycerides ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism ; Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus/physiology ; Viral Envelope Proteins/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Testing genome complexity (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-04-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vinogradov, Alexander E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 16;304(5669):389-90; author reply 389-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15087529" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; Body Constitution ; DNA Transposable Elements ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Duplication ; *Genome ; Mammals/*genetics ; Models, Biological ; Population Density
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    Multimodal signals: enhancement and constraint of song motor patterns by visual display (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-01-24
    Description: Many birds perform visual signals during their learned songs, but little is known about the interrelationship between visual and vocal displays. We show here that male brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) synchronize the most elaborate wing movements of their display with atypically long silent periods in their song, potentially avoiding adverse biomechanical effects on sound production. Furthermore, expiratory effort for song is significantly reduced when cowbirds perform their wing display. These results show a close integration between vocal and visual displays and suggest that constraints and synergistic interactions between the motor patterns of multimodal signals influence the evolution of birdsong.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cooper, Brenton G -- Goller, Franz -- DC04390/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- DC05722/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 23;303(5657):544-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA. cooper@biology.utah.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14739462" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abdominal Muscles/physiology ; Air Sacs/physiology ; Animals ; Electromyography ; Male ; *Motor Activity ; Movement ; Posture ; Pressure ; Pulmonary Ventilation ; *Respiration ; Respiratory Muscles/physiology ; Songbirds/*physiology ; Video Recording ; *Vocalization, Animal ; Wings, Animal/*physiology
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    Public health. Regulatory challenges in microbicide development (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coplan, Paul M -- Mitchnick, Mark -- Rosenberg, Zeda F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 25;304(5679):1911-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA. PCoplan@ipm-microbicides.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15218130" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administration, Intravaginal ; Administration, Rectal ; Advisory Committees ; Animals ; Anti-HIV Agents/*administration & dosage/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic ; Condoms ; *Drug Approval ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Financial Support ; *Government Regulation ; HIV/drug effects ; HIV Infections/*prevention & control/*transmission ; Humans ; Patient Selection ; Placebos ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    7th International Congress on Vertebrate Morphology meeting. Tiny salamanders show their teeth (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-09-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 3;305(5689):1396-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15353775" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Skull/anatomy & histology ; *Tooth ; Urodela/*anatomy & histology/*classification/genetics
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    Old World fossil record of modern-type hummingbirds (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-05-08
    Description: I report on tiny skeletons of stem-group hummingbirds from the early Oligocene of Germany that are of essentially modern appearance and exhibit morphological specializations toward nectarivory and hovering flight. These are the oldest fossils of modern-type hummingbirds, which had not previously been reported from the Old World. The findings demonstrate that early hummingbird evolution was not restricted to the New World. They further suggest that bird-flower coevolution dates back to the early Oligocene and open another view on the origin of ornithophily in Old World plants.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mayr, Gerald -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 7;304(5672):861-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Division of Ornithology, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt a.M., Germany. Gerald.Mayr@senckenberg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15131303" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Americas ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Birds/anatomy & histology/classification ; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology ; Europe ; Flight, Animal ; Flowers ; *Fossils ; Germany
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    Cell biology. "Pumping" iron: the proteins (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beutler, Ernest -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 17;306(5704):2051-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. beutler@scripps.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15604397" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/*metabolism ; Biological Transport ; Cation Transport Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Enterocytes/metabolism ; Erythropoiesis ; Erythropoietin/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Hemochromatosis/genetics ; Hepatocytes/metabolism ; Hepcidins ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics ; Homeostasis ; Iron/*metabolism ; Iron Regulatory Protein 1/*metabolism ; Iron Regulatory Protein 2/*metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/genetics ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Oxygen/physiology ; Response Elements ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Natural history museums. Museums that made a master (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-07-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 2;305(5680):37.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15232086" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Awards and Prizes ; Berlin ; *Biological Evolution ; Biology/history ; Birds ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Museums/*history ; United States
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    Acetylation by Tip60 is required for selective histone variant exchange at DNA lesions (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-11-06
    Description: Phosphorylation of the human histone variant H2A.X and H2Av, its homolog in Drosophila melanogaster, occurs rapidly at sites of DNA double-strand breaks. Little is known about the function of this phosphorylation or its removal during DNA repair. Here, we demonstrate that the Drosophila Tip60 (dTip60) chromatin-remodeling complex acetylates nucleosomal phospho-H2Av and exchanges it with an unmodified H2Av. Both the histone acetyltransferase dTip60 as well as the adenosine triphosphatase Domino/p400 catalyze the exchange of phospho-H2Av. Thus, these data reveal a previously unknown mechanism for selective histone exchange that uses the concerted action of two distinct chromatin-remodeling enzymes within the same multiprotein complex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kusch, Thomas -- Florens, Laurence -- Macdonald, W Hayes -- Swanson, Selene K -- Glaser, Robert L -- Yates, John R 3rd -- Abmayr, Susan M -- Washburn, Michael P -- Workman, Jerry L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 17;306(5704):2084-7. Epub 2004 Nov 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA. tnk@stowers-institute.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15528408" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetyl Coenzyme A/metabolism ; Acetylation ; Acetyltransferases/genetics/*metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Line ; *DNA Damage ; DNA Repair ; Dimerization ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/embryology/genetics/*metabolism ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism ; Histone Acetyltransferases ; Histones/*metabolism ; Multiprotein Complexes/*metabolism ; Nucleosomes/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; RNA Interference ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
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    Functional anatomy of the attentional modulation of time estimation (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-03-06
    Description: Attention modulates our subjective perception of time. The less we attend to an event's duration, the shorter it seems to last. Attention to time or color stimulus attributes was modulated parametrically in an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Linear increases in task performance were accompanied by corresponding increases in brain activity. Increasing attention to time selectively increased activity in a corticostriatal network, including pre-supplementary motor area and right frontal operculum. Increasing attention to color selectively increased activity in area V4. By identifying areas whose activity was specifically modulated by attention to time, we have defined the core neuroanatomical substrates of timing behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coull, Jennifer T -- Vidal, Franck -- Nazarian, Bruno -- Macar, Francoise -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 5;303(5663):1506-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire de Neurobiologie de la Cognition, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 31 Chemin Joseph-Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France. jcoull@lnf.cnrs-mrs.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15001776" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; *Attention ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ; Color Perception ; Cues ; Frontal Lobe/physiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Motor Cortex/physiology ; Occipital Lobe/physiology ; Photic Stimulation ; Task Performance and Analysis ; *Time Perception
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    European science. Institute sparks an Italian renaissance in mouse biology (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 8;306(5694):217-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15472054" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Academies and Institutes/organization & administration ; Animals ; Europe ; *Genetic Research ; International Cooperation ; Italy ; Mice/*genetics ; Research Personnel
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    Evolutionary biology. Changing a fish's bony armor in the wink of a gene (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-06-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 18;304(5678):1736.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15205506" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Alleles ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Breeding ; Crosses, Genetic ; Environment ; Extremities/growth & development ; Fresh Water ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Genome ; Homeodomain Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Mutation ; Paired Box Transcription Factors ; Seawater ; Selection, Genetic ; Smegmamorpha/*anatomy & histology/*genetics ; Transcription Factors/*genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    The structure and receptor binding properties of the 1918 influenza hemagglutinin (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-02-07
    Description: The 1918 influenza pandemic resulted in about 20 million deaths. This enormous impact, coupled with renewed interest in emerging infections, makes characterization of the virus involved a priority. Receptor binding, the initial event in virus infection, is a major determinant of virus transmissibility that, for influenza viruses, is mediated by the hemagglutinin (HA) membrane glycoprotein. We have determined the crystal structures of the HA from the 1918 virus and two closely related HAs in complex with receptor analogs. They explain how the 1918 HA, while retaining receptor binding site amino acids characteristic of an avian precursor HA, is able to bind human receptors and how, as a consequence, the virus was able to spread in the human population.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gamblin, S J -- Haire, L F -- Russell, R J -- Stevens, D J -- Xiao, B -- Ha, Y -- Vasisht, N -- Steinhauer, D A -- Daniels, R S -- Elliot, A -- Wiley, D C -- Skehel, J J -- AI-13654/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 19;303(5665):1838-42. Epub 2004 Feb 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council (MRC) National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14764886" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Birds ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/*chemistry/*metabolism ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Influenza A virus/*immunology/metabolism/pathogenicity ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology/history/*virology ; Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Virus/*metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; Sialic Acids/metabolism ; Species Specificity ; Swine
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    The Biology of Genomes meeting. The case of the disappearing DNA hotspots (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-06-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 11;304(5677):1590.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15192195" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; *Genome ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Pan troglodytes/*genetics ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; *Recombination, Genetic
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    Jun turnover is controlled through JNK-dependent phosphorylation of the E3 ligase Itch (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-09-11
    Description: The turnover of Jun proteins, like that of other transcription factors, is regulated through ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. Usually, such processes are regulated by extracellular stimuli through phosphorylation of the target protein, which allows recognition by F box-containing E3 ubiquitin ligases. In the case of c-Jun and JunB, we found that extracellular stimuli also modulate protein turnover by regulating the activity of an E3 ligase by means of its phosphorylation. Activation of the Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade after T cell stimulation accelerated degradation of c-Jun and JunB through phosphorylation-dependent activation of the E3 ligase Itch. This pathway modulates cytokine production by effector T cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gao, Min -- Labuda, Tord -- Xia, Ying -- Gallagher, Ewen -- Fang, Deyu -- Liu, Yun-Cai -- Karin, Michael -- AI43477/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- ES04151/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- ES06376/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- R21AI48542/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 8;306(5694):271-5. Epub 2004 Sep 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0723, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15358865" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD28/immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/*metabolism ; Interferon-gamma/metabolism ; Interleukins/metabolism ; Lymphocyte Activation ; *MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 1 ; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8 ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 9 ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology/*metabolism ; Th2 Cells/cytology/immunology/metabolism ; Ubiquitin/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/*metabolism
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    Mammalian biology: more genomes, but shallower coverage (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-05-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 28;304(5675):1227.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15166337" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Genome ; Mammals/*genetics ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
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    The Gs-linked receptor GPR3 maintains meiotic arrest in mammalian oocytes (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-14
    Description: Mammalian oocytes are held in prophase arrest by an unknown signal from the surrounding somatic cells. Here we show that the orphan Gs-linked receptor GPR3, which is localized in the oocyte, maintains this arrest. Oocytes from Gpr3 knockout mice resume meiosis within antral follicles, independently of an increase in luteinizing hormone, and this phenotype can be reversed by injection of Gpr3 RNA into the oocytes. Thus, the GPR3 receptor is a link in communication between the somatic cells and oocyte of the ovarian follicle and is crucial for the regulation of meiosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mehlmann, Lisa M -- Saeki, Yoshinaga -- Tanaka, Shigeru -- Brennan, Thomas J -- Evsikov, Alexei V -- Pendola, Frank L -- Knowles, Barbara B -- Eppig, John J -- Jaffe, Laurinda A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 10;306(5703):1947-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center (UCHC), Farmington, CT 06032, USA. lmehlmann@neuron.uchc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15591206" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism ; Animals ; Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans/genetics/metabolism ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Female ; Granulosa Cells/physiology ; Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; In Situ Hybridization ; Lectins, C-Type ; Ligands ; Luteinizing Hormone/metabolism ; *Meiosis ; Metaphase ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Mitosis ; Oocytes/*physiology ; Ovarian Follicle/*physiology ; RNA/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics/*physiology ; Versicans
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Rise and fall of the Beringian steppe bison (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-11-30
    Description: The widespread extinctions of large mammals at the end of the Pleistocene epoch have often been attributed to the depredations of humans; here we present genetic evidence that questions this assumption. We used ancient DNA and Bayesian techniques to reconstruct a detailed genetic history of bison throughout the late Pleistocene and Holocene epochs. Our analyses depict a large diverse population living throughout Beringia until around 37,000 years before the present, when the population's genetic diversity began to decline dramatically. The timing of this decline correlates with environmental changes associated with the onset of the last glacial cycle, whereas archaeological evidence does not support the presence of large populations of humans in Eastern Beringia until more than 15,000 years later.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shapiro, Beth -- Drummond, Alexei J -- Rambaut, Andrew -- Wilson, Michael C -- Matheus, Paul E -- Sher, Andrei V -- Pybus, Oliver G -- Gilbert, M Thomas P -- Barnes, Ian -- Binladen, Jonas -- Willerslev, Eske -- Hansen, Anders J -- Baryshnikov, Gennady F -- Burns, James A -- Davydov, Sergei -- Driver, Jonathan C -- Froese, Duane G -- Harington, C Richard -- Keddie, Grant -- Kosintsev, Pavel -- Kunz, Michael L -- Martin, Larry D -- Stephenson, Robert O -- Storer, John -- Tedford, Richard -- Zimov, Sergei -- Cooper, Alan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 26;306(5701):1561-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Henry Wellcome Ancient Biomolecules Centre, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX13PS, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15567864" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alaska ; Animals ; Bayes Theorem ; *Bison/classification/genetics ; Canada ; China ; *Climate ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Environment ; *Fossils ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; Human Activities ; Humans ; North America ; Phylogeny ; Population Dynamics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Time
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Cancer research. Proposed leukemia stem cell encounters a blast of scrutiny (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-08-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 13;305(5686):929.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15310869" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blast Crisis/*pathology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism ; Granulocytes/cytology ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/blood/*pathology ; Macrophages/cytology ; Mice ; Myeloid Progenitor Cells/pathology/*physiology ; Stem Cells/physiology ; Trans-Activators/metabolism ; beta Catenin
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    Uridine addition after microRNA-directed cleavage (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-11-06
    Description: One of the important roles of microRNA (miRNA) is to direct the cleavage of messenger RNA (mRNA). However, the mechanisms of decay of the cleaved mRNA products is not well understood. We show that miRNA-directed cleavage products in organisms as diverse as Arabidopsis, mouse, and Epstein-Barr virus have at their 3' ends a stretch (1 to 24 nucleotides) of oligouridine posttranscriptionally added downstream of the cleavage site. This 3' uridine addition, as shown for Arabidopsis, is correlated with decapping and 5' shortening of the cleaved products, suggesting a mechanistic step in the miRNA-directed mRNA decay mechanism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shen, Binzhang -- Goodman, Howard M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 5;306(5698):997.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15528436" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arabidopsis ; Cells, Cultured ; Cloning, Molecular ; Herpesvirus 4, Human/metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; MicroRNAs/*metabolism ; Poly U/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Uridine/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Reproductive biology. Japanese scientists create fatherless mouse (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-04-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 23;304(5670):501-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15105467" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; *Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; *Genomic Imprinting ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II/genetics/physiology ; Japan ; Mice ; Mutation ; Oocytes/*physiology ; *Parthenogenesis ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; RNA, Untranslated/genetics/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Invertebrate conservation. Respect for things that flutter, creep, and crawl (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-04-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 2;304(5667):27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15060291" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Food Chain ; *Invertebrates ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Biomedicine. An end to the prion debate? Don't count on it (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-08-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 30;305(5684):589.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15286333" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amyloid/chemistry/metabolism ; Animals ; Brain Chemistry ; Escherichia coli/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Prion Diseases/*etiology ; Prions/administration & dosage/biosynthesis/chemistry/*pathogenicity ; Protein Folding ; Recombinant Proteins/administration & dosage/chemistry ; Time Factors
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A link between mRNA turnover and RNA interference in Arabidopsis (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-11-06
    Description: In RNA interference (RNAi), double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) triggers degradation of homologous messenger RNA. In many organisms, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is required to initiate or amplify RNAi, but the substrate for dsRNA synthesis in vivo is not known. Here, we show that RdRp-dependent transgene silencing in Arabidopsis was caused by mutation of XRN4, which is a ribonuclease (RNase) implicated in mRNA turnover by means of decapping and 5'-3' exonucleolysis. When both XRN4 and the RdRp were mutated, the plants accumulated decapped transgene mRNA. We propose that mRNAs lacking a cap structure become exposed to RdRp to initiate or maintain RNAi.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gazzani, S -- Lawrenson, T -- Woodward, C -- Headon, D -- Sablowski, R -- BBS/E/J/00000594/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 5;306(5698):1046-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15528448" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arabidopsis/*genetics ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics ; Exoribonucleases/genetics ; Gene Silencing ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics ; Mutation ; Plant Proteins/genetics ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; RNA Caps ; *RNA Interference ; RNA Replicase/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/*metabolism ; RNA, Plant/*metabolism ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Honey bee nest thermoregulation: diversity promotes stability (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-06-26
    Description: A honey bee colony is characterized by high genetic diversity among its workers, generated by high levels of multiple mating by its queen. Few clear benefits of this genetic diversity are known. Here we show that brood nest temperatures in genetically diverse colonies (i.e., those sired by several males) tend to be more stable than in genetically uniform ones (i.e., those sired by one male). One reason this increased stability arises is because genetically determined diversity in workers' temperature response thresholds modulates the hive-ventilating behavior of individual workers, preventing excessive colony-level responses to temperature fluctuations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jones, Julia C -- Myerscough, Mary R -- Graham, Sonia -- Oldroyd, Benjamin P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 16;305(5682):402-4. Epub 2004 Jun 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, Macleay Building A12, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. jjones@bio.usyd.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15218093" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bees/genetics/*physiology ; Behavior, Animal ; Biological Evolution ; Body Temperature Regulation ; Female ; *Genetic Variation ; Homeostasis ; Male ; Selection, Genetic ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Temperature
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    Autophagy in health and disease: a double-edged sword (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-11-06
    Description: Autophagy, the process by which cells recycle cytoplasm and dispose of excess or defective organelles, has entered the research spotlight largely owing to the discovery of the protein components that drive this process. Identifying the autophagy genes in yeast and finding orthologs in other organisms reveals the conservation of the mechanism of autophagy in eukaryotes and allows the use of molecular genetics and biology in different model systems to study this process. By mostly morphological studies, autophagy has been linked to disease processes. Whether autophagy protects from or causes disease is unclear. Here, we summarize current knowledge about the role of autophagy in disease and health.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1705980/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1705980/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shintani, Takahiro -- Klionsky, Daniel J -- GM53396/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM053396/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 5;306(5698):990-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Michigan, Life Sciences Institute, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15528435" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis ; Autophagy/*physiology ; Humans ; Infection/physiopathology ; Muscular Diseases/physiopathology ; Neoplasms/physiopathology ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/physiopathology ; Phagosomes/physiology
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    Comment on "Reelin promotes peripheral synapse elimination and maturation" (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-03-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bidoia, C -- Misgeld, T -- Weinzierl, E -- Buffelli, M -- Feng, G -- Cangiano, A -- Lichtman, J W -- Sanes, J R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 26;303(5666):1977; author reply 1977.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche e della Visione, Universita' di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, Verona, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15044788" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/physiology/ultrastructure ; Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/genetics/*physiology ; Crosses, Genetic ; Diaphragm/innervation ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Neurologic Mutants ; Mice, Transgenic ; Motor Endplate/ultrastructure ; Muscle, Skeletal/innervation ; Mutation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Neuromuscular Junction/*growth & development/physiology/ultrastructure ; Phenotype ; Serine Endopeptidases ; Synapses/*physiology/ultrastructure
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Basic and clinical immunology meeting. And action! Dendritic cells go live (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-08-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 6;305(5685):772-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15297645" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antirheumatic Agents/therapeutic use ; Arthritis, Juvenile/drug therapy/genetics/immunology ; Autoimmunity ; Cell Movement ; Child ; Dendritic Cells/*immunology/physiology ; Humans ; *Immune Tolerance ; Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein ; Interleukin-1/genetics/physiology ; Lymph Nodes/immunology ; Mice ; Sialoglycoproteins/therapeutic use ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Up-Regulation
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    Intracellular parasite invasion strategies (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-04-10
    Description: Intracellular parasites use various strategies to invade cells and to subvert cellular signaling pathways and, thus, to gain a foothold against host defenses. Efficient cell entry, ability to exploit intracellular niches, and persistence make these parasites treacherous pathogens. Most intracellular parasites gain entry via host-mediated processes, but apicomplexans use a system of adhesion-based motility called "gliding" to actively penetrate host cells. Actin polymerization-dependent motility facilitates parasite migration across cellular barriers, enables dissemination within tissues, and powers invasion of host cells. Efficient invasion has brought widespread success to this group, which includes Toxoplasma, Plasmodium, and Cryptosporidium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sibley, L D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 9;304(5668):248-53.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. sibley@borcim.wustl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15073368" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/physiology ; Animals ; Apicomplexa/*pathogenicity/*physiology ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Membrane/parasitology ; Cells/*parasitology ; Cryptosporidium/pathogenicity/physiology ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Motor Proteins/physiology ; Movement ; Plasmodium/pathogenicity/physiology ; Protozoan Proteins/metabolism ; Toxoplasma/pathogenicity/physiology ; Vacuoles/parasitology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Genomics. New sequence boosts rats' research appeal (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-01-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 23;303(5657):455-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14739433" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Experimentation ; Animals ; Biological Specimen Banks ; Cloning, Organism ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Genome ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Mice/genetics ; Models, Animal ; Mutagenesis ; *Rats/genetics ; Recombination, Genetic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
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    Ecology. Where rivers meet (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-09-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gascon, Claude -- Smith, Michael Leonard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 24;305(5692):1922-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Conservation International, Washington, DC 20036, USA. c.gascon@conservation.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15448259" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Electric Fish/*physiology ; Rivers ; South America
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    Basic and clinical immunology meeting. An old favorite is resurrected: regulatory T cells take the stage (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-08-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 6;305(5685):772.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15297644" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoimmune Diseases/immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Humans ; *Immune Tolerance ; Receptors, Interleukin-2/analysis ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/*immunology
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    Use of CD134 as a primary receptor by the feline immunodeficiency virus (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-02-21
    Description: Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) induces a disease similar to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in cats, yet in contrast to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), CD4 is not the viral receptor. We identified a primary receptor for FIV as CD134 (OX40), a T cell activation antigen and costimulatory molecule. CD134 expression promotes viral binding and renders cells permissive for viral entry, productive infection, and syncytium formation. Infection is CXCR4-dependent, analogous to infection with X4 strains of HIV. Thus, despite the evolutionary divergence of the feline and human lentiviruses, both viruses use receptors that target the virus to a subset of cells that are pivotal to the acquired immune response.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shimojima, Masayuki -- Miyazawa, Takayuki -- Ikeda, Yasuhiro -- McMonagle, Elizabeth L -- Haining, Hayley -- Akashi, Hiroomi -- Takeuchi, Yasuhiro -- Hosie, Margaret J -- Willett, Brian J -- R01 AI49765-01A1/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 20;303(5661):1192-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14976315" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism/virology ; Cats ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA, Complementary ; Gene Library ; HIV/metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Heterocyclic Compounds/pharmacology ; Humans ; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline/*metabolism/pathogenicity ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Receptors, CXCR4/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Receptors, OX40 ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/chemistry/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Receptors, Virus/chemistry/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Species Specificity ; Transduction, Genetic ; Transfection
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    TGF-beta signaling in fibroblasts modulates the oncogenic potential of adjacent epithelia (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-02-07
    Description: Stromal cells can have a significant impact on the carcinogenic process in adjacent epithelia. The role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling in such epithelial-mesenchymal interactions was determined by conditional inactivation of the TGF-beta type II receptor gene in mouse fibroblasts (Tgfbr2fspKO). The loss of TGF-beta responsiveness in fibroblasts resulted in intraepithelial neoplasia in prostate and invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the forestomach, both associated with an increased abundance of stromal cells. Activation of paracrine hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signaling was identified as one possible mechanism for stimulation of epithelial proliferation. Thus, TGF-beta signaling in fibroblasts modulates the growth and oncogenic potential of adjacent epithelia in selected tissues.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhowmick, Neil A -- Chytil, Anna -- Plieth, David -- Gorska, Agnieszka E -- Dumont, Nancy -- Shappell, Scott -- Washington, M Kay -- Neilson, Eric G -- Moses, Harold L -- AR41943/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- CA102162/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA68485/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA85492/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DK46282/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 6;303(5659):848-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14764882" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/etiology/metabolism/pathology ; Cell Division ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cells, Cultured ; Epithelial Cells/*physiology ; Female ; Fibroblasts/*physiology ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/*etiology/metabolism/pathology ; Prostate/cytology/metabolism/pathology ; Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia/etiology/metabolism/pathology ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/metabolism ; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics/metabolism ; Recombination, Genetic ; *Signal Transduction ; Stomach/cytology/metabolism/pathology ; Stomach Neoplasms/etiology/metabolism/pathology ; Stromal Cells/*physiology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/*physiology
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    Genetics. Development gene may give nerve cells a sense of identity (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-02-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 6;303(5659):744.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14764840" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alternative Splicing ; Animals ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; Drosophila/cytology/*genetics/growth & development ; Drosophila Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes, Insect ; Neurons/*physiology ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Proteins/*genetics/physiology
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    Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology meeting. Shark flexes its teeth for tough meals (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-02-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 13;303(5660):950.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14963304" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Crustacea ; Feeding Behavior ; Fishes ; Ligaments/chemistry/physiology ; *Mastication ; Predatory Behavior ; Sharks/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Tooth/*anatomy & histology/physiology
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    Mouse biology at Monterotondo (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-11-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kafatos, Fotis C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 26;306(5701):1475.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15567837" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Academies and Institutes ; Animals ; Europe ; *Genetic Research ; International Cooperation ; Italy ; Mice/*genetics ; Research Personnel
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    Protein kinase C overactivity impairs prefrontal cortical regulation of working memory (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-30
    Description: The prefrontal cortex is a higher brain region that regulates thought, behavior, and emotion using representational knowledge, operations often referred to as working memory. We tested the influence of protein kinase C (PKC) intracellular signaling on prefrontal cortical cognitive function and showed that high levels of PKC activity in prefrontal cortex, as seen for example during stress exposure, markedly impair behavioral and electrophysiological measures of working memory. These data suggest that excessive PKC activation can disrupt prefrontal cortical regulation of behavior and thought, possibly contributing to signs of prefrontal cortical dysfunction such as distractibility, impaired judgment, impulsivity, and thought disorder.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Birnbaum, S G -- Yuan, P X -- Wang, M -- Vijayraghavan, S -- Bloom, A K -- Davis, D J -- Gobeske, K T -- Sweatt, J D -- Manji, H K -- Arnsten, A F T -- AG06036/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH068789/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 29;306(5697):882-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Yale Medical School, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8001, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15514161" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/pharmacology ; Alkaloids ; Animals ; Benzophenanthridines ; Carbolines/pharmacology ; Electrophysiology ; Enzyme Activation ; Female ; Imidazoles/pharmacology ; Lithium Carbonate/pharmacology ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Memory/drug effects/*physiology ; Neurons/drug effects/physiology ; Phenanthridines/pharmacology ; Prefrontal Cortex/enzymology/*physiology ; Protein Kinase C/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Stress, Physiological/physiopathology ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology ; Valproic Acid/pharmacology
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    Synaptic changes in layer 2/3 underlying map plasticity of developing barrel cortex (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-05-01
    Description: The functional and anatomical rearrangements of cortical sensory maps accompanying changes in experience are not well understood. We examined in vivo and in vitro how the sensory map and underlying synaptic connectivity of the developing rat barrel cortex are altered when the sensory input to the cortex is partially deprived. In the nondeprived cortex, both the sensory responses and synaptic connectivity between columns were strengthened through an increase in the synaptic connection probability between L2/3 pyramids in adjacent columns. This was accompanied by a selective growth of L2/3pyramid axonal arbors between spared columns. In contrast, deprived and nondeprived cortical columns became weakly connected in their L2/3 pyramid connections.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Petersen, Carl C H -- Brecht, Michael -- Hahn, Thomas T G -- Sakmann, Bert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 30;304(5671):739-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Physiology, Max-Planck-Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany. carl.petersen@epfl.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15118164" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Electric Stimulation ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; In Vitro Techniques ; Nerve Net/physiology ; *Neuronal Plasticity ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Pyramidal Cells/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Somatosensory Cortex/cytology/growth & development/*physiology ; Synapses/*physiology ; Synaptic Transmission ; Vibrissae/*physiology
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    Regulation of phagosome maturation by signals from toll-like receptors (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-05-15
    Description: In higher metazoans, phagocytosis is essential in host defense against microbial pathogens and in clearance of apoptotic cells. Both microbial and apoptotic cells are delivered on a common route from phagosomes to lysosomes for degradation. Here, we found that activation of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway by bacteria, but not apoptotic cells, regulated phagocytosis at multiple steps including internalization and phagosome maturation. Phagocytosis of bacteria was impaired in the absence of TLR signaling. Two modes of phagosome maturation were observed, constitutive and inducible; their differential engagement depended on the ability of the cargo to trigger TLR signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blander, J Magarian -- Medzhitov, Ruslan -- AI46688/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 14;304(5673):1014-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15143282" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Animals ; Antigens, Differentiation/metabolism ; Apoptosis ; Bacteria/*immunology/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Escherichia coli/immunology/physiology ; Lysosomes/ultrastructure ; Macrophages/*immunology/metabolism/microbiology/ultrastructure ; Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Microscopy, Immunoelectron ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 ; *Phagocytosis ; Phagosomes/microbiology/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Salmonella typhimurium/immunology/physiology ; *Signal Transduction ; Staphylococcus aureus/immunology/physiology ; Toll-Like Receptors ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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    Neuroscience. Controlling the ups and downs of synaptic strength (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-05-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bliss, Tim -- Schoepfer, Ralf -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 14;304(5673):973-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Neurophysiology, National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK. tbliss@nimr.mrc.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15143268" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Calcium/metabolism ; Hippocampus/cytology/physiology ; *Long-Term Potentiation ; *Long-Term Synaptic Depression ; Pyramidal Cells/*physiology ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Synapses/*physiology ; Synaptic Transmission
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    Cell therapy. Renovating the heart (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-04-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 9;304(5668):192-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15073347" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; *Bone Marrow Transplantation/adverse effects ; Cardiac Output, Low/therapy ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Europe ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/adverse effects ; *Heart/physiology ; Heart Diseases/pathology/physiopathology/*therapy ; Humans ; Myoblasts/*transplantation ; Myocardial Infarction/therapy ; Myocardium/pathology ; Myocytes, Cardiac/physiology ; *Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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    Unification in the century of biology (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-02-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kafatos, Fotis C -- Eisner, Thomas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 27;303(5662):1257.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14988521" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior ; Biological Evolution ; *Biological Science Disciplines ; Ecology ; Genetics ; Humans ; *Interdisciplinary Communication ; Molecular Biology
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    Paleoanthropology. New species of small human found in Indonesia (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 29;306(5697):789.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15514120" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Body Height ; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology ; Female ; *Fossils ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Indonesia ; Skeleton ; Skull/*anatomy & histology
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    Jean Jaubert profile. Keeping Jacques Cousteau's flame alive (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-07-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pickrell, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 16;305(5682):332-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15256653" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthozoa/growth & development ; Diving ; Ecosystem ; France ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; *Marine Biology/history ; Organizations, Nonprofit ; Societies, Scientific/*organization & administration ; United States
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    Steroid-dependent auditory plasticity leads to adaptive coupling of sender and receiver (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-07-17
    Description: For seasonally breeding vertebrates, reproductive cycling is often coupled with changes in vocalizations that function in courtship and territoriality. Less is known about changes in auditory sensitivity to those vocalizations. Here, we show that nonreproductive female midshipman fish treated with either testosterone or 17beta-estradiol exhibit an increase in the degree of temporal encoding of the frequency content of male vocalizations by the inner ear that mimics the reproductive female's auditory phenotype. This sensory plasticity provides an adaptable mechanism that enhances coupling between sender and receiver in vocal communication.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sisneros, Joseph A -- Forlano, Paul M -- Deitcher, David L -- Bass, Andrew H -- 1F32DC00445/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- 5T32MH15793/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- DC00092/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 16;305(5682):404-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. sisneros@u.washington.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15256672" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acoustic Stimulation ; Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Auditory Threshold ; Batrachoidiformes/*physiology ; Estradiol/blood/*pharmacology ; Estrogen Receptor alpha ; Female ; Hair Cells, Auditory/physiology ; Hearing/*physiology ; Male ; Neurons, Afferent/drug effects/*physiology ; Phenotype ; Random Allocation ; Receptors, Estrogen/genetics/metabolism ; Reproduction ; Saccule and Utricle/drug effects/*innervation/physiology ; Seasons ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Testosterone/blood/*pharmacology ; Vestibulocochlear Nerve/physiology ; *Vocalization, Animal
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Selective D2 receptor actions on the functional circuitry of working memory (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-02-07
    Description: Prefrontal neurons engaged by working memory tasks express a sequence of phasic and tonic activations linked to a train of sensory, mnemonic, and response-related events. Here, we report that the dopamine D2 receptor selectively modulates the neural activities associated with memory-guided saccades in oculomotor delayed-response tasks yet has little or no effect on the persistent mnemonic-related activity, which is instead modulated by D1 receptors. This associates the D2 receptor with a specific component of working memory circuitry and fractionates the modulatory effects of D1 and D2 receptors on the neural machinery of a cognitive process.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Min -- Vijayraghavan, Susheel -- Goldman-Rakic, Patricia S -- P50 MH068789/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH44866/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 6;303(5659):853-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. min.wang@yale.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14764884" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine/pharmacology ; Animals ; Benzazepines/pharmacology ; Cues ; Dopamine Agonists/pharmacology ; Dopamine Antagonists/pharmacology ; Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Electrophysiology ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology ; Psychomotor Performance ; Quinpirole/pharmacology ; Raclopride/pharmacology ; Receptors, Dopamine D1/agonists/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Receptors, Dopamine D2/agonists/*metabolism ; Reward ; Saccades ; Salicylamides/pharmacology
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  • 84
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    Cancer immunotherapy: a treatment for the masses (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-07-13
    Description: Cancer immunotherapy attempts to harness the exquisite power and specificity of the immune system for the treatment of malignancy. Although cancer cells are less immunogenic than pathogens, the immune system is clearly capable of recognizing and eliminating tumor cells. However, tumors frequently interfere with the development and function of immune responses. Thus, the challenge for immunotherapy is to use advances in cellular and molecular immunology to develop strategies that effectively and safely augment antitumor responses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blattman, Joseph N -- Greenberg, Philip D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 9;305(5681):200-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15247469" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; Antigen Presentation ; Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology ; Cancer Vaccines/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Immunity, Innate ; *Immunotherapy ; Immunotherapy, Adoptive ; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology ; Neoplasms/immunology/*therapy ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Cell biology. Double membrane fusion (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-09-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pfanner, Nikolaus -- Wiedemann, Nils -- Meisinger, Chris -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 17;305(5691):1723-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut fur Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Universitat Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. nikolaus.pfanner@biochemie.uni-freiburg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15375253" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dimerization ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; Guanosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Humans ; Intracellular Membranes/*physiology ; Luminescent Proteins/metabolism ; *Membrane Fusion ; Membrane Potentials ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Mitochondria/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Mitochondrial Proteins ; Models, Biological ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/metabolism/physiology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecology. Domains of diversity (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-05-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pimm, Stuart L -- Brown, James H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 7;304(5672):831-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27713, USA. stuartpimm@aol.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15131295" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Geography ; Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; Population Density ; Songbirds ; Trees ; *Tropical Climate
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  • 87
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    Living with the past: evolution, development, and patterns of disease (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-09-18
    Description: Epidemiological observations have led to the hypothesis that the risk of developing some chronic noncommunicable diseases in adulthood is influenced not only by genetic and adult life-style factors but also by environmental factors acting in early life. Research in evolutionary biology, developmental biology, and animal and human physiology provides support for this idea and suggests that environmental processes influencing the propensity to disease in adulthood operate during the periconceptual, fetal, and infant phases of life. This "developmental origins of health and disease" concept may have important biological, medical, and socioeconomic implications.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gluckman, Peter D -- Hanson, Mark A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 17;305(5691):1733-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Liggins Institute, University of Auckland and National Research Centre for Growth and Development, 2-6 Park Avenue, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand. pd.gluckman@auckland.ac.nz〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15375258" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Birth Weight ; *Chronic Disease ; Cues ; Disease/*etiology ; *Disease Susceptibility ; *Embryonic and Fetal Development ; *Environment ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Life Style ; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; Risk Factors
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 88
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    Lowland forest loss in protected areas of Indonesian Borneo (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-02-14
    Description: The ecology of Bornean rainforests is driven by El Nino-induced droughts that trigger synchronous fruiting among trees and bursts of faunal reproduction that sustain vertebrate populations. However, many of these species- and carbon-rich ecosystems have been destroyed by logging and conversion, which increasingly threaten protected areas. Our satellite, Geographic Information System, and field-based analyses show that from 1985 to 2001, Kalimantan's protected lowland forests declined by more than 56% (〉29,000 square kilometers). Even uninhabited frontier parks are logged to supply international markets. "Protected" forests have become increasingly isolated and deforested and their buffer zones degraded. Preserving the ecological integrity of Kalimantan's rainforests requires immediate transnational management.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Curran, L M -- Trigg, S N -- McDonald, A K -- Astiani, D -- Hardiono, Y M -- Siregar, P -- Caniago, I -- Kasischke, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 13;303(5660):1000-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, 205 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA. lisa.curran@yale.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14963327" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Borneo ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Forestry ; Industry ; Population Density ; Time Factors ; *Trees/growth & development ; Tropical Climate ; Vertebrates ; Wood
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    Immunology. The elusive NKT cell antigen--is the search over? (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Godfrey, Dale I -- Pellicci, Daniel G -- Smyth, Mark J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 3;306(5702):1687-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. godfrey@unimelb.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15576595" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD1/immunology ; Antigens, CD1d ; Carbohydrate Conformation ; Galactosyltransferases/genetics/metabolism ; Globosides/*immunology/metabolism ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; Killer Cells, Natural/*immunology ; Ligands ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Lysosomes/metabolism ; Mice ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology ; Thymus Gland/immunology ; beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases/metabolism
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    Glycobiology. Synthetic vaccine is a sweet victory for Cuban science (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-07-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 23;305(5683):460.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15273367" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Antibodies, Bacterial/biosynthesis ; Biotechnology ; Child ; Cuba ; Glycoconjugates/immunology ; *Haemophilus Vaccines/chemical synthesis/immunology ; Haemophilus influenzae type b/*immunology ; Humans ; Polysaccharides, Bacterial/*immunology ; Tetanus Toxoid/immunology ; *Vaccines, Conjugate/immunology
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    Reflectins: the unusual proteins of squid reflective tissues (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-01-13
    Description: A family of unusual proteins is deposited in flat, structural platelets in reflective tissues of the squid Euprymna scolopes. These proteins, which we have named reflectins, are encoded by at least six genes in three subfamilies and have no reported homologs outside of squids. Reflectins possess five repeating domains, which are highly conserved among members of the family. The proteins have a very unusual composition, with four relatively rare residues (tyrosine, methionine, arginine, and tryptophan) comprising approximately 57% of a reflectin, and several common residues (alanine, isoleucine, leucine, and lysine) occurring in none of the family members. These protein-based reflectors in squids provide a marked example of nanofabrication in animal systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crookes, Wendy J -- Ding, Lin-Lin -- Huang, Qing Ling -- Kimbell, Jennifer R -- Horwitz, Joseph -- McFall-Ngai, Margaret J -- NEI R01 EY3897/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 A150661/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 9;303(5655):235-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Kewalo Marine Laboratory, Pacific Biomedical Research Center, University of Hawaii-Manoa, 41 Ahui Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14716016" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acids/analysis ; Animals ; DNA, Complementary ; Decapodiformes/anatomy & histology/*chemistry/genetics ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Immunoblotting ; Immunohistochemistry ; *Light ; Microscopy, Immunoelectron ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins/*analysis/*chemistry/genetics/isolation & purification ; Sequence Alignment ; Solubility
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    High- and low-tech malaria control (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-06-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, Stephen M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 18;304(5678):1744; author reply 1744.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15205511" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aedes/genetics ; Animals ; Anopheles/genetics ; Bedding and Linens ; Developing Countries ; Humans ; Insect Vectors/genetics ; Insecticides ; Malaria/*prevention & control/transmission ; Research Support as Topic ; Yellow Fever/prevention & control/transmission
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    Behavioral neuroscience uncaged (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Greg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 15;306(5695):432-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486287" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Communication ; Animal Migration ; Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; Brain/*physiology ; Cryptochromes ; Ethology ; Flavoproteins/physiology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Movement ; *Nervous System Physiological Phenomena ; Neurons/physiology ; Sound Localization
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  • 94
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    Forgetting and remembering. Learning to forget (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-04-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Greg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 2;304(5667):34-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15060298" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Amygdala/physiology ; Animals ; Bioethical Issues ; Brain/*physiology ; Extinction, Psychological/*physiology ; Fear ; Hippocampus/physiology ; Humans ; Learning ; Memory/*physiology ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiology ; Propranolol/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Psychotherapy ; *Repression, Psychology ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/drug therapy/prevention & control ; Stress Disorders, Traumatic/drug therapy/physiopathology/prevention & control ; Sympathetic Nervous System/drug effects/physiology
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  • 95
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    Immunology. The bell tolls for phagosome maturation (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-05-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Watts, Colin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 14;304(5673):976-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Biocentre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK. c.watts@dundee.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15143270" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Animals ; Antigens, Differentiation/metabolism ; Apoptosis ; Bacteria/*immunology/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Guanine Nucleotide Dissociation Inhibitors/metabolism ; Lysosomes/physiology ; Macrophages/*immunology/metabolism/microbiology ; Membrane Fusion ; Membrane Glycoproteins/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology/metabolism ; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 ; *Phagocytosis ; Phagosomes/microbiology/*physiology ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism ; Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptors ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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    Genetic basis of natural variation in D. melanogaster antibacterial immunity (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-03-20
    Description: Many genes involved in Drosophila melanogaster innate immune processes have been identified, but whether naturally occurring polymorphism in these genes leads to variation in immune competence among wild flies has not been tested. We report here substantial variability among wild-derived D. melanogaster in the ability to suppress infection by a Gram-negative entomopathogen, Serratia marcescens. Variability in immune competence was significantly associated with nucleotide polymorphism in 16 innate immunity genes, corresponding primarily to pathogen recognition and intracellular signaling loci, and substantial epistasis was detected between intracellular signaling and antimicrobial peptide genes. Variation in these genes, therefore, seems to drive variability in immunocompetence among wild Drosophila.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lazzaro, Brian P -- Sceurman, Bonnielin K -- Clark, Andrew G -- AI46402/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 19;303(5665):1873-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Entomology, 4138 Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. bl89@cornell.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15031506" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Circadian Rhythm ; Colony Count, Microbial ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics/*immunology/microbiology ; Epistasis, Genetic ; Female ; *Genes, Insect ; Genetic Markers ; *Genetic Variation ; Immunity, Innate/genetics ; Immunocompetence/*genetics ; Male ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Serratia marcescens/growth & development/*immunology
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    Recruitment and spreading of the C. elegans dosage compensation complex along X chromosomes (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-02-21
    Description: To achieve X-chromosome dosage compensation, organisms must distinguish X chromosomes from autosomes. We identified multiple, cis-acting regions that recruit the Caenorhabditis elegans dosage compensation complex (DCC) through a search for regions of X that bind the complex when detached from X. The DCC normally assembles along the entire X chromosome, but not all detached regions recruit the complex, despite having genes known to be dosage compensated on the native X. Thus, the DCC binds first to recruitment sites, then spreads to neighboring X regions to accomplish chromosome-wide gene repression. From a large chromosomal domain, we defined a 793-base pair fragment that functions in vivo as an X-recognition element to recruit the DCC.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Csankovszki, Gyorgyi -- McDonel, Patrick -- Meyer, Barbara J -- F32-GM065007/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37-GM30702/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 20;303(5661):1182-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3204, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14976312" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*genetics/metabolism ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/*metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Chromosomes/metabolism ; Cosmids ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Disorders of Sex Development ; *Dosage Compensation, Genetic ; Female ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Male ; Models, Genetic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; X Chromosome/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 98
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    Immunology. Nothing 'gainst time's scythe can make defense (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-05-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ploegh, Hidde L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 28;304(5675):1262-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ploegh@hms.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15166355" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antigen Presentation ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology ; Antigens/*immunology ; Antigens, Viral/immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; *Cross-Priming ; Cysteine Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology/metabolism ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology ; Immune Tolerance ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Multienzyme Complexes/metabolism ; Peptides/immunology/metabolism ; Phagocytosis ; Phagosomes/immunology/metabolism ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology ; Vaccines/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 99
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    Paleontology. Spanish fossil sheds new light on the oldest great apes (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-11-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Culotta, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 19;306(5700):1273-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15550630" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Face/anatomy & histology ; Facial Bones/anatomy & histology ; *Fossils ; *Hominidae/anatomy & histology/classification ; Locomotion ; Posture ; Ribs/anatomy & histology ; Skeleton ; Skull/anatomy & histology ; Spain ; Spine/anatomy & histology ; Wrist/anatomy & histology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 100
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    Prevention of vaginal SHIV transmission in rhesus macaques through inhibition of CCR5 (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-16
    Description: Topical agents, such as microbicides, that can protect against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission are urgently needed. Using a chimeric simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV SF162), which is tropic for the chemokine receptor CCR5, we report that topical application of high doses of PSC-RANTES, an amino terminus-modified analog of the chemokine RANTES, provided potent protection against vaginal challenge in rhesus macaques. These experimental findings have potentially important implications for understanding vaginal transmission of HIV and the design of strategies for its prevention.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lederman, Michael M -- Veazey, Ronald S -- Offord, Robin -- Mosier, Donald E -- Dufour, Jason -- Mefford, Megan -- Piatak, Michael Jr -- Lifson, Jeffrey D -- Salkowitz, Janelle R -- Rodriguez, Benigno -- Blauvelt, Andrew -- Hartley, Oliver -- AI 36219/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI 51649/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- N01-CO-124000/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 15;306(5695):485-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals, 2061 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486300" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administration, Intravaginal ; Animals ; Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Anti-Infective Agents, Local/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; *CCR5 Receptor Antagonists ; Chemokine CCL5/administration & dosage/*analogs & derivatives/*therapeutic use ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Female ; HIV Infections/*prevention & control/transmission ; HIV-1/drug effects ; Macaca mulatta ; Receptors, CCR5/metabolism ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*prevention & control/transmission ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/drug effects/immunology ; Vagina/*virology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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