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  • Female  (145)
  • Male  (142)
  • Signal Transduction  (96)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (267)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • 2005-2009
  • 1995-1999  (267)
  • 1998  (267)
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Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (267)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 2005-2009
  • 1995-1999  (267)
Year
  • 1
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    Driving the growth cone (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-09-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Caroni, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 4;281(5382):1465-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Friedrich Miescher Institute, Basel, Switzerland. caroni@fmi.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9750116" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/physiology ; Animals ; Axons/*physiology ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/physiology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Movement ; Cyclic AMP/*physiology ; Cyclic GMP/*physiology ; Glycoproteins/physiology ; Nerve Growth Factors/physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Neurotrophin 3 ; Semaphorin-3A ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Coupling of Ras and Rac guanosine triphosphatases through the Ras exchanger Sos (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-02-07
    Description: The Son of Sevenless (Sos) proteins control receptor-mediated activation of Ras by catalyzing the exchange of guanosine diphosphate for guanosine triphosphate on Ras. The NH2-terminal region of Sos contains a Dbl homology (DH) domain in tandem with a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain. In COS-1 cells, the DH domain of Sos stimulated guanine nucleotide exchange on Rac but not Cdc42 in vitro and in vivo. The tandem DH-PH domain of Sos (DH-PH-Sos) was defective in Rac activation but regained Rac stimulating activity when it was coexpressed with activated Ras. Ras-mediated activation of DH-PH-Sos did not require activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase but it was dependent on activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase. These results reveal a potential mechanism for coupling of Ras and Rac signaling pathways.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nimnual, A S -- Yatsula, B A -- Bar-Sagi, D -- CA09176/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA28146/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA55360/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jan 23;279(5350):560-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9438849" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/metabolism ; Animals ; COS Cells ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/ultrastructure ; Enzyme Activation ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/*metabolism ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors ; Guanosine Diphosphate/metabolism ; Guanosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Humans ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Proteins/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic/chemistry ; Signal Transduction ; Son of Sevenless Proteins ; Transfection ; cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein ; rac GTP-Binding Proteins ; ras Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors ; ras Proteins/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    'Monogamous' gibbons really swing (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-05-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 May 1;280(5364):677-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9599145" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; Female ; *Hylobates ; Male ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; *Social Behavior
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Dendritic integration and its role in computing image velocity (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-09-22
    Description: The mechanisms underlying visual motion detection can be studied simultaneously in different cell compartments in vivo by using calcium as a reporter of the spatiotemporal activity distribution in single motion-sensitive cells of the fly. As predicted by the Reichardt model, local dendritic calcium signals are found to indicate the direction and velocity of pattern motion but are corrupted by spatial pattern properties. The latter are canceled out by spatial integration, thus leading to a purely directional selective output signal in the axon. These findings attribute a specific computational task to the dendrites of visual interneurons and imply a functional interpretation of dendritic morphology.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Single, S -- Borst, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 18;281(5384):1848-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Friedrich-Miescher-Laboratory of the Max-Planck-Society, Spemannstrasse 37-39, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9743497" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/metabolism/physiology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Channels/metabolism ; Dendrites/metabolism/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Diptera/physiology ; Female ; Interneurons/physiology ; Membrane Potentials ; *Motion Perception ; Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Anthropologists probe genes, brains at annual meeting (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-05-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Apr 17;280(5362):380-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9575083" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthropology, Physical ; Biological Evolution ; Brain/*anatomy & histology ; Computer Simulation ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Female ; *Genetics, Population ; *Hinduism/history ; History, Ancient ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology ; Humans ; India ; Male ; Models, Anatomic ; Y Chromosome/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    A receptor/cytoskeletal movement triggered by costimulation during T cell activation (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-12-18
    Description: During T cell activation, the engagement of costimulatory molecules is often crucial to the development of an effective immune response, but the mechanism by which this is achieved is not known. Here, it is shown that beads attached to the surface of a T cell translocate toward the interface shortly after the start of T cell activation. This movement appears to depend on myosin motor proteins and requires the engagement of the major costimulatory receptor pairs, B7-CD28 and ICAM-1-LFA-1. This suggests that the engagement of costimulatory receptors triggers an active accumulation of molecules at the interface of the T cell and the antigen-presenting cell, which then increases the overall amplitude and duration of T cell signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wulfing, C -- Davis, M M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 18;282(5397):2266-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9856952" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigen Presentation ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology ; Antigens, CD/*metabolism ; Antigens, CD28/metabolism ; Antigens, CD86 ; Biotinylation ; CHO Cells ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cricetinae ; Cytoskeleton/*physiology ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1/metabolism ; Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Microspheres ; Molecular Motor Proteins/physiology ; Myosins/physiology ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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  • 7
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    Mismatch repair co-opted by hypermutation (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-03-21
    Description: Mice homozygous for a disrupted allele of the mismatch repair gene Pms2 have a mutator phenotype. When this allele is crossed into quasi-monoclonal (QM) mice, which have a very limited B cell repertoire, homozygotes have fewer somatic mutations at the immunoglobulin heavy chain and lambda chain loci than do heterozygotes or wild-type QM mice. That is, mismatch repair seems to contribute to somatic hypermutation rather than stifling it. It is suggested that at immunoglobulin loci in hypermutable B cells, mismatched base pairs are "corrected" according to the newly synthesized DNA strand, thereby fixing incipient mutations instead of eliminating them.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cascalho, M -- Wong, J -- Steinberg, C -- Wabl, M -- 1R01 GM37699/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Feb 20;279(5354):1207-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0670, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9469811" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adenosine Triphosphatases ; Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Base Composition ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Crosses, Genetic ; *DNA Repair ; *DNA Repair Enzymes ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Female ; Gene Rearrangement ; *Genes, Immunoglobulin ; Heterozygote ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/chemistry/genetics ; Immunoglobulin Variable Region/chemistry/*genetics ; Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains/chemistry/genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Proteins/*genetics/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 8
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    Expansion of the allelic exclusion principle? (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-04-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chess, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Mar 27;279(5359):2067-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. chess@wi.mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9537917" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Alleles ; Animals ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; DNA Replication ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Immunoglobulin ; Interleukin-2/*genetics ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 9
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    Impaired locomotion and dopamine signaling in retinoid receptor mutant mice (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-02-28
    Description: In the adult mouse, single and compound null mutations in the genes for retinoic acid receptor beta and retinoid X receptors beta and gamma resulted in locomotor defects related to dysfunction of the mesolimbic dopamine signaling pathway. Expression of the D1 and D2 receptors for dopamine was reduced in the ventral striatum of mutant mice, and the response of double null mutant mice to cocaine, which affects dopamine signaling in the mesolimbic system, was blunted. Thus, retinoid receptors are involved in the regulation of brain functions, and retinoic acid signaling defects may contribute to pathologies such as Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Krezel, W -- Ghyselinck, N -- Samad, T A -- Dupe, V -- Kastner, P -- Borrelli, E -- Chambon, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Feb 6;279(5352):863-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, INSERM, Universite Louis Pasteur, College de France, Boite Postale 163, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9452386" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cocaine/pharmacology ; Corpus Striatum/*metabolism ; Dimerization ; Dopamine/*metabolism ; Locomotion ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; *Motor Activity/drug effects ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiology ; Parkinson Disease/etiology ; Peripheral Nervous System/physiology ; Receptors, Dopamine D1/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Dopamine D2/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics/*physiology ; Retinoid X Receptors ; Schizophrenia/etiology ; *Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 10
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    Visual input to the efferent control system of a fly's "gyroscope" (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-05-02
    Description: Dipterous insects (the true flies) have a sophisticated pair of equilibrium organs called halteres that evolved from hind wings. The halteres are sensitive to Coriolis forces that result from angular rotations of the body and mediate corrective reflexes during flight. Like the aerodynamically functional fore wings, the halteres beat during flight and are equipped with their own set of control muscles. It is shown that motoneurons innervating muscles of the haltere receive strong excitatory input from directionally sensitive visual interneurons. Visually guided flight maneuvers of flies may be mediated in part by efferent modulation of hard-wired equilibrium reflexes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chan, W P -- Prete, F -- Dickinson, M H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Apr 10;280(5361):289-92.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9535659" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Diptera/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Female ; Flight, Animal/*physiology ; Interneurons/*physiology ; Male ; Mechanoreceptors/physiology ; Motor Neurons/*physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal/innervation/physiology ; Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate/*physiology ; Reflex/physiology ; Wings, Animal/anatomy & histology/innervation/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 11
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    FADD: essential for embryo development and signaling from some, but not all, inducers of apoptosis (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-04-16
    Description: FADD (also known as Mort-1) is a signal transducer downstream of cell death receptor CD95 (also called Fas). CD95, tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1 (TNFR-1), and death receptor 3 (DR3) did not induce apoptosis in FADD-deficient embryonic fibroblasts, whereas DR4, oncogenes E1A and c-myc, and chemotherapeutic agent adriamycin did. Mice with a deletion in the FADD gene did not survive beyond day 11.5 of embryogenesis; these mice showed signs of cardiac failure and abdominal hemorrhage. Chimeric embryos showing a high contribution of FADD null mutant cells to the heart reproduce the phenotype of FADD-deficient mutants. Thus, not only death receptors, but also receptors that couple to developmental programs, may use FADD for signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yeh, W C -- de la Pompa, J L -- McCurrach, M E -- Shu, H B -- Elia, A J -- Shahinian, A -- Ng, M -- Wakeham, A -- Khoo, W -- Mitchell, K -- El-Deiry, W S -- Lowe, S W -- Goeddel, D V -- Mak, T W -- CA13106/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Mar 20;279(5358):1954-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Amgen Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9506948" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Animals ; Antigens, CD95/genetics/physiology ; *Apoptosis ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cells, Cultured ; Doxorubicin/pharmacology ; *Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Endothelium, Vascular/embryology ; Fas-Associated Death Domain Protein ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Gene Targeting ; Heart/*embryology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mutation ; Oncogenes ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/genetics/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology
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  • 12
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    Actin mutations in dilated cardiomyopathy, a heritable form of heart failure (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-05-23
    Description: To test the hypothesis that actin dysfunction leads to heart failure, patients with hereditary idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) were examined for mutations in the cardiac actin gene (ACTC). Missense mutations in ACTC that cosegregate with IDC were identified in two unrelated families. Both mutations affect universally conserved amino acids in domains of actin that attach to Z bands and intercalated discs. Coupled with previous data showing that dystrophin mutations also cause dilated cardiomyopathy, these results raise the possibility that defective transmission of force in cardiac myocytes is a mechanism underlying heart failure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Olson, T M -- Michels, V V -- Thibodeau, S N -- Tai, Y S -- Keating, M T -- 5-P50-HL-53773/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- M01-RR00064/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 May 1;280(5364):750-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA. timo@howard.genetics.utah.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9563954" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/*genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15 ; Exons ; Female ; Heart/physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; *Mutation ; Myocardium/chemistry/pathology ; Pedigree ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; Protein Conformation ; Sarcomeres/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 13
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    Progress in progressive hearing loss (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-04-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Steel, K P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Mar 20;279(5358):1870-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council, Institute of Hearing Research, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK. karen@ihr.mrc.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9537904" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Animals ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Cell Differentiation ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5/genetics ; Deafness/*genetics ; Dyneins ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Genes, Dominant ; Hair Cells, Auditory/physiology ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/*genetics ; Homeodomain Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Myosins/genetics/physiology ; Pedigree ; Sequence Deletion ; Transcription Factor Brn-3C ; Transcription Factors/*genetics/metabolism/physiology
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  • 14
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    Cloned transgenic calves produced from nonquiescent fetal fibroblasts (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-06-20
    Description: An efficient system for genetic modification and large-scale cloning of cattle is of importance for agriculture, biotechnology, and human medicine. Here, actively dividing fetal fibroblasts were genetically modified with a marker gene, a clonal line was selected, and the cells were fused to enucleated mature oocytes. Out of 28 embryos transferred to 11 recipient cows, three healthy, identical, transgenic calves were generated. Furthermore, the life-span of near senescent fibroblasts could be extended by nuclear transfer, as indicated by population doublings in fibroblast lines derived from a 40-day-old fetal clone. With the ability to extend the life-span of these primary cultured cells, this system would be useful for inducing complex genetic modifications in cattle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cibelli, J B -- Stice, S L -- Golueke, P J -- Kane, J J -- Jerry, J -- Blackwell, C -- Ponce de Leon, F A -- Robl, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 May 22;280(5367):1256-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9596577" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Genetically Modified ; Blastocyst ; Cattle/embryology/*genetics ; Cell Aging ; Cell Division ; Cell Nucleus/genetics ; Cells, Cultured ; Clone Cells ; *Cloning, Organism ; Embryo Transfer ; Female ; Fetus/cytology ; Fibroblasts/*cytology ; G1 Phase ; Male ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Oocytes/cytology ; Transfection ; Transgenes
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    Human monogamy (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-12-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clark, G A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Nov 6;282(5391):1047-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9841447" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Culture ; Female ; Hominidae/psychology ; Humans ; Male ; *Sexual Behavior ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; *Sexual Partners
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  • 16
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    Stabilization of interleukin-2 mRNA by the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase pathway (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-06-25
    Description: Signaling pathways that stabilize interleukin-2 (IL-2) messenger RNA (mRNA) in activated T cells were examined. IL-2 mRNA contains at least two cis elements that mediated its stabilization in response to different signals, including activation of c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK). This response was mediated through a cis element encompassing the 5' untranslated region (UTR) and the beginning of the coding region. IL-2 transcripts lacking this 5' element no longer responded to JNK activation but were still responsive to other signals generated during T cell activation, which were probably sensed through the 3' UTR. Thus, multiple elements within IL-2 mRNA modulate its stability in a combinatorial manner, and the JNK pathway controls turnover as well as synthesis of IL-2 mRNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, C Y -- Del Gatto-Konczak, F -- Wu, Z -- Karin, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jun 19;280(5371):1945-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9632395" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigens, CD28/immunology ; Antigens, CD3/immunology ; Calcimycin/pharmacology ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Cyclosporine/pharmacology ; Enzyme Activation ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Imidazoles/pharmacology ; Interleukin-2/*genetics ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Jurkat Cells ; Lymphocyte Activation ; MAP Kinase Kinase 1 ; MAP Kinase Kinase 7 ; *Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases ; *Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Pyridines/pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology/*metabolism ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology ; Transgenes ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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  • 17
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    Classical conditioning and brain systems: the role of awareness (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-04-29
    Description: Classical conditioning of the eye-blink response, perhaps the best studied example of associative learning in vertebrates, is relatively automatic and reflexive, and with the standard procedure (simple delay conditioning), it is intact in animals with hippocampal lesions. In delay conditioning, a tone [the conditioned stimulus (CS)] is presented just before an air puff to the eye [the unconditioned stimulus (US)]. The US is then presented, and the two stimuli coterminate. In trace conditioning, a variant of the standard paradigm, a short interval (500 to 1000 ms) is interposed between the offset of the CS and the onset of the US. Animals with hippocampal lesions fail to acquire trace conditioning. Amnesic patients with damage to the hippocampal formation and normal volunteers were tested on two versions of delay conditioning and two versions of trace conditioning and then assessed for the extent to which they became aware of the temporal relationship between the CS and the US. Amnesic patients acquired delay conditioning at a normal rate but failed to acquire trace conditioning. For normal volunteers, awareness was unrelated to successful delay conditioning but was a prerequisite for successful trace conditioning. Trace conditioning is hippocampus dependent because, as in other tasks of declarative memory, conscious knowledge must be acquired across the training session. Trace conditioning may provide a means for studying awareness in nonhuman animals, in the context of current ideas about multiple memory systems and the function of the hippocampus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clark, R E -- Squire, L R -- 24600/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Apr 3;280(5360):77-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9525860" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Amnesia/*physiopathology/psychology ; Awareness/*physiology ; Blinking ; Cerebellum/physiology/physiopathology ; Conditioning, Classical/*physiology ; Female ; Hippocampus/*physiology/physiopathology ; Humans ; Learning/physiology ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Middle Aged ; Neocortex/physiology/physiopathology
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    Regulation of the proinflammatory effects of Fas ligand (CD95L) (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-11-30
    Description: Fas ligand (CD95L) inhibits T cell function in immune-privileged organs such as the eye and testis, yet in most tissues CD95L expression induces potent inflammatory responses. With a stably transfected colon carcinoma cell line, CT26-CD95L, the molecular basis for these divergent responses was defined. When injected subcutaneously, rejection of CT26-CD95L was caused by neutrophils activated by CD95L. CT26-CD95L survived in the intraocular space because of the presence of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), which inhibited neutrophil activation. Providing TGF-beta to subcutaneous sites protected against tumor rejection. Thus, these cytokines together generate a microenvironment that promotes immunologic tolerance, which may aid in the amelioration of allograft rejection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, J J -- Sun, Y -- Nabel, G J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Nov 27;282(5394):1714-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan Medical Center, Departments of Internal Medicine and Biological Chemistry, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, 4520 Medical Science Research Building I, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0650, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9831564" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anterior Chamber ; Apoptosis ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Fas Ligand Protein ; Female ; Graft Rejection ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; Inflammation/*immunology ; Jurkat Cells ; Membrane Glycoproteins/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; *Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplasms, Experimental/*immunology/pathology ; *Neutrophil Activation ; Neutrophils/immunology ; Transfection ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/pharmacology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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    Dorsal-ventral signaling in the Drosophila eye (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-09-25
    Description: The development of the Drosophila eye has served as a model system for investigations of tissue patterning and cell-cell communication; however, early eye development has not been well understood. The results presented here indicate that specialized cells are established along the dorsal-ventral midline of the developing eye by Notch-mediated signaling between dorsal and ventral cells, and that Notch activation at the midline plays an essential role both in promoting the growth of the eye primordia and in regulating eye patterning. These observations imply that the developmental homology between Drosophila wings and vertebrate limbs extends to Drosophila eyes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Papayannopoulos, V -- Tomlinson, A -- Panin, V M -- Rauskolb, C -- Irvine, K D -- GM-R01-54594/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 25;281(5385):2031-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Waksman Institute and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers, The State University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9748163" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Body Patterning ; Calcium-Binding Proteins ; Drosophila/genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Eye Proteins/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes, Insect ; Homeodomain Proteins ; Insect Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Larva/growth & development ; Ligands ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Morphogenesis ; Mutation ; *N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases ; Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate/cytology/*growth & development ; Receptors, Notch ; Signal Transduction ; *Transcription Factors
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    Sex and conflict (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-09-25
    Description: Evolutionary conflict occurs when the deterministic spread of an allele lowers the fitness either of its bearer or of other individuals in the population, leading to selection for suppressors. Sex promotes conflict because associations between alleles are temporary. Differing selection on males and females, sexual selection, and differences in transmission patterns between classes of nuclear and cytoplasmic genes can all give rise to conflict. Inert Y chromosomes, uniparental inheritance of cytoplasmic genes, mating strains and sexes, and many features of sexual behavior may have evolved in part as a result of evolutionary conflict. Estimates of its quantitative importance, however, are still needed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Partridge, L -- Hurst, L D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 25;281(5385):2003-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Galton Laboratory, Department of Biology, University College London, London NW1 2HE, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9748155" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Alleles ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Female ; Male ; Meiosis ; Organelles/genetics ; *Selection, Genetic ; *Sex ; Sex Characteristics ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Y Chromosome/genetics
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    Elimination of syphilis in the United States (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-08-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉St Louis, M E -- Wasserheit, J N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jul 17;281(5375):353-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9705711" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/prevention & control ; Adult ; African Americans ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Genome, Bacterial ; HIV Infections/transmission ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Public Health Practice ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Syphilis/complications/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Syphilis, Congenital/epidemiology ; Treponema pallidum/genetics ; United States/epidemiology
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    Cocaine exposure and children: the meaning of subtle effects (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-12-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lester, B M -- LaGasse, L L -- Seifer, R -- U10 DA024119/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Oct 23;282(5389):633-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI 02905-2499, USA. barryvlester@brown.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9841414" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child ; Child Language ; Cocaine/*adverse effects ; Cocaine-Related Disorders/therapy ; Cognition Disorders/*chemically induced/prevention & control ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Education, Special/economics ; Female ; Humans ; Intelligence/*drug effects ; Language Disorders/*chemically induced/prevention & control ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications/therapy ; *Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
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    Activation of the OxyR transcription factor by reversible disulfide bond formation (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-03-28
    Description: The OxyR transcription factor is sensitive to oxidation and activates the expression of antioxidant genes in response to hydrogen peroxide in Escherichia coli. Genetic and biochemical studies revealed that OxyR is activated through the formation of a disulfide bond and is deactivated by enzymatic reduction with glutaredoxin 1 (Grx1). The gene encoding Grx1 is regulated by OxyR, thus providing a mechanism for autoregulation. The redox potential of OxyR was determined to be -185 millivolts, ensuring that OxyR is reduced in the absence of stress. These results represent an example of redox signaling through disulfide bond formation and reduction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zheng, M -- Aslund, F -- Storz, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Mar 13;279(5357):1718-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cell Biology and Metabolism Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9497290" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Cysteine/metabolism ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Disulfides/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli/genetics/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli Proteins ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Glutaredoxins ; Glutathione/metabolism ; Glutathione Disulfide/metabolism ; Glutathione Reductase/metabolism ; Hydrogen Peroxide/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxidative Stress ; *Oxidoreductases ; Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Thioredoxins/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism
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    Transition from moderate to excessive drug intake: change in hedonic set point (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-10-09
    Description: Differential access to cocaine self-administration produced two patterns of drug intake in rats. With 1 hour of access per session, drug intake remained low and stable. In contrast, with 6 hours of access, drug intake gradually escalated over days. After escalation, drug consumption was characterized by an increased early drug loading and an upward shift in the cocaine dose-response function, suggesting an increase in hedonic set point. After 1 month of abstinence, escalation of cocaine intake was reinstated to a higher level than before. These findings may provide an animal model for studying the development of excessive drug intake and the basis of addiction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ahmed, S H -- Koob, G F -- DA04398/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA08467/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Oct 9;282(5387):298-300.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Psychopharmacology, Department of Neuropharmacology, CVN-7, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. aserge@sage.scripps.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9765157" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior, Addictive ; Cocaine/*administration & dosage ; Cocaine-Related Disorders/*etiology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Tolerance ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reinforcement (Psychology) ; Time Factors
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    Targeting the receptor-Gq interface to inhibit in vivo pressure overload myocardial hypertrophy (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-05-09
    Description: Hormones and neurotransmitters may mediate common responses through receptors that couple to the same class of heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding (G) protein. For example, several receptors that couple to Gq class proteins can induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Class-specific inhibition of Gq-mediated signaling was produced in the hearts of transgenic mice by targeted expression of a carboxyl-terminal peptide of the alpha subunit Galphaq. When pressure overload was surgically induced, the transgenic mice developed significantly less ventricular hypertrophy than control animals. The data demonstrate the role of myocardial Gq in the initiation of myocardial hypertrophy and indicate a possible strategy for preventing pathophysiological signaling by simultaneously blocking multiple receptors coupled to Gq.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Akhter, S A -- Luttrell, L M -- Rockman, H A -- Iaccarino, G -- Lefkowitz, R J -- Koch, W J -- HL-03041/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-09436/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-16037/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Apr 24;280(5363):574-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9554846" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiotensin II/pharmacology ; Animals ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor/genetics ; COS Cells ; Diglycerides/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; GTP-Binding Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Targeting ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/*metabolism/prevention & control ; Inositol Phosphates/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism ; Myocardium/*metabolism ; Peptide Fragments/genetics/metabolism ; Phenylephrine/pharmacology ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transfection ; Transgenes ; Ventricular Pressure
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    How a growth control path takes a wrong turn to cancer (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-09-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 4;281(5382):1438-9, 1441.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9750112" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein ; Animals ; Cadherins/metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Colorectal Neoplasms/etiology/genetics ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; *Genes, APC ; *Genes, myc ; Humans ; Neoplasms/*etiology/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; *Trans-Activators ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Wnt Proteins ; *Zebrafish Proteins ; beta Catenin
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    Reovirus therapy of tumors with activated Ras pathway (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-11-13
    Description: Human reovirus requires an activated Ras signaling pathway for infection of cultured cells. To investigate whether this property can be exploited for cancer therapy, severe combined immune deficient mice bearing tumors established from v-erbB-transformed murine NIH 3T3 cells or human U87 glioblastoma cells were treated with the virus. A single intratumoral injection of virus resulted in regression of tumors in 65 to 80 percent of the mice. Treatment of immune-competent C3H mice bearing tumors established from ras-transformed C3H-10T1/2 cells also resulted in tumor regression, although a series of injections were required. These results suggest that, with further work, reovirus may have applicability in the treatment of cancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coffey, M C -- Strong, J E -- Forsyth, P A -- Lee, P W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Nov 13;282(5392):1332-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Biology Research Group and Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary Health Science Centre, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9812900" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3T3 Cells ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Cell Line, Transformed ; Genes, erbB ; *Genes, ras ; Humans ; Male ; Mammalian orthoreovirus 3/immunology/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Mice, SCID ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism/pathology/*therapy/virology ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Virus Replication ; ras Proteins/*metabolism
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    Cell division gatekeepers identified (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-02-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jan 23;279(5350):477-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9454345" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaphase/physiology ; Animals ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; *Carrier Proteins ; Cdc20 Proteins ; *Cell Cycle Proteins ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/metabolism ; Chromosomes/*physiology ; Fungal Proteins/metabolism ; Humans ; Kinetochores/*physiology ; Microtubules/metabolism ; *Mitosis ; Nuclear Proteins ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Spindle Apparatus/metabolism
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    Energy transduction on the nanosecond time scale: early structural events in a xanthopsin photocycle (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-04-16
    Description: Photoactive yellow protein (PYP) is a member of the xanthopsin family of eubacterial blue-light photoreceptors. On absorption of light, PYP enters a photocycle that ultimately transduces the energy contained in a light signal into an altered biological response. Nanosecond time-resolved x-ray crystallography was used to determine the structure of the short-lived, red-shifted, intermediate state denoted [pR], which develops within 1 nanosecond after photoelectronic excitation of the chromophore of PYP by absorption of light. The resulting structural model demonstrates that the [pR] state possesses the cis conformation of the 4-hydroxyl cinnamic thioester chromophore, and that the process of trans to cis isomerization is accompanied by the specific formation of new hydrogen bonds that replace those broken upon excitation of the chromophore. Regions of flexibility that compose the chromophore-binding pocket serve to lower the activation energy barrier between the dark state, denoted pG, and [pR], and help initiate entrance into the photocycle. Direct structural evidence is provided for the initial processes of transduction of light energy, which ultimately translate into a physiological signal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Perman, B -- Srajer, V -- Ren, Z -- Teng, T -- Pradervand, C -- Ursby, T -- Bourgeois, D -- Schotte, F -- Wulff, M -- Kort, R -- Hellingwerf, K -- Moffat, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Mar 20;279(5358):1946-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9506946" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Chromatiaceae/chemistry ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Energy Metabolism ; Fourier Analysis ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Isomerism ; Kinetics ; *Light ; Models, Molecular ; *Photoreceptors, Microbial ; *Protein Conformation ; Signal Transduction
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    Rho GTPases and the actin cytoskeleton (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-02-07
    Description: The actin cytoskeleton mediates a variety of essential biological functions in all eukaryotic cells. In addition to providing a structural framework around which cell shape and polarity are defined, its dynamic properties provide the driving force for cells to move and to divide. Understanding the biochemical mechanisms that control the organization of actin is thus a major goal of contemporary cell biology, with implications for health and disease. Members of the Rho family of small guanosine triphosphatases have emerged as key regulators of the actin cytoskeleton, and furthermore, through their interaction with multiple target proteins, they ensure coordinated control of other cellular activities such as gene transcription and adhesion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hall, A -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jan 23;279(5350):509-14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, Cancer Research Campaign Oncogene and Signal Transduction Group, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK. alan.hall@ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9438836" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/*metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Movement ; Cytoskeleton/*metabolism/physiology/*ultrastructure ; Enzyme Activation ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/*metabolism ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; rhoB GTP-Binding Protein
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    An area specialized for spatial working memory in human frontal cortex (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-03-21
    Description: Working memory is the process of maintaining an active representation of information so that it is available for use. In monkeys, a prefrontal cortical region important for spatial working memory lies in and around the principal sulcus, but in humans the location, and even the existence, of a region for spatial working memory is in dispute. By using functional magnetic resonance imaging in humans, an area in the superior frontal sulcus was identified that is specialized for spatial working memory. This area is located more superiorly and posteriorly in the human than in the monkey brain, which may explain why it was not recognized previously.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Courtney, S M -- Petit, L -- Maisog, J M -- Ungerleider, L G -- Haxby, J V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Feb 27;279(5355):1347-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, Building 10, Room 4C104, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1366, USA. Susan_Courtney@nih.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9478894" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Brain Mapping ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; *Memory, Short-Term ; Prefrontal Cortex/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Psychomotor Performance ; Saccades ; *Space Perception
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    G proteins and small GTPases: distant relatives keep in touch (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-07-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hall, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jun 26;280(5372):2074-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK. Alan.Hall@ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9669963" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/metabolism ; Animals ; Cytoskeleton/metabolism ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/*metabolism ; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, G12-G13 ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors ; Guanosine Diphosphate/metabolism ; Guanosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Morphogenesis ; Myosins/metabolism ; Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors ; Signal Transduction
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    Concerted evolution in an egg receptor for a rapidly evolving abalone sperm protein (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-07-31
    Description: Gamete interactions during fertilization exhibit species specificity. In abalone, the sperm protein lysin species-specifically creates a hole in the egg envelope. Lysin evolves rapidly by positive Darwinian selection. Evolution of the egg receptor for lysin provides the selective pressure for lysin's divergence. The egg receptor for lysin is a tandemly repeated sequence that evolves by concerted evolution. Concerted evolution in the egg receptor could explain the rapid, adaptive evolution in sperm lysin and may provide an underlying molecular mechanism that gives rise to species-specific fertilization.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Swanson, W J -- Vacquier, V D -- HD12986/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jul 31;281(5377):710-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0202, USA. jwswanson@ucsd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9685267" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Egg Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Introns ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mollusca/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Mucoproteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Ovum/chemistry/physiology ; Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Selection, Genetic ; Sequence Alignment ; Species Specificity ; Sperm-Ovum Interactions ; Spermatozoa/chemistry/physiology ; Vitelline Membrane/*chemistry/metabolism
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    Interaction of short-range repressors with Drosophila CtBP in the embryo (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-04-29
    Description: Human CtBP attenuates transcriptional activation and tumorigenesis mediated by the adenovirus E1A protein. The E1A sequence motif that interacts with CtBP, Pro-X-Asp-Leu-Ser-X-Lys (P-DLS-K), is present in the repression domains of two unrelated short-range repressors in Drosophila, Knirps and Snail, and is essential for the interaction of these proteins with Drosophila CtBP (dCtBP). A P-element-induced mutation in dCtBP exhibits gene-dosage interactions with a null mutation in knirps, which is consistent with the occurrence of Knirps-dCtBP interactions in vivo. These observations suggest that CtBP and dCtBP are engaged in an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of transcriptional repression, which is used in both Drosophila and mammals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nibu, Y -- Zhang, H -- Levine, M -- GM46638/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Apr 3;280(5360):101-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Genetics, 401 Barker Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9525852" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alcohol Oxidoreductases ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila/*embryology/genetics/metabolism ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Dosage ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Insect ; Genes, Reporter ; Humans ; Insect Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phosphoproteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Transcription Factors ; *Transcription, Genetic
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    The future of long life (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-10-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gavrilov, L A -- Gavrilova, N S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 11;281(5383):1611-2; author reply 1613-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9767024" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Forecasting ; Humans ; Life Expectancy/*trends ; *Longevity ; Male ; *Mortality/trends ; United States
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    Cryopreservation. A Frankenstein experiment (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-09-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sikorski, R -- Peters, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Aug 21;281(5380):1163-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9735033" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Fertilization ; *Freeze Drying ; Male ; Mice ; Micromanipulation ; Oocytes/physiology ; Semen Preservation/*methods ; Sperm Head/*physiology
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    Activation of the ATM kinase by ionizing radiation and phosphorylation of p53 (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-09-11
    Description: The p53 tumor suppressor protein is activated and phosphorylated on serine-15 in response to various DNA damaging agents. The gene product mutated in ataxia telangiectasia, ATM, acts upstream of p53 in a signal transduction pathway initiated by ionizing radiation. Immunoprecipitated ATM had intrinsic protein kinase activity and phosphorylated p53 on serine-15 in a manganese-dependent manner. Ionizing radiation, but not ultraviolet radiation, rapidly enhanced this p53-directed kinase activity of endogenous ATM. These observations, along with the fact that phosphorylation of p53 on serine-15 in response to ionizing radiation is reduced in ataxia telangiectasia cells, suggest that ATM is a protein kinase that phosphorylates p53 in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Canman, C E -- Lim, D S -- Cimprich, K A -- Taya, Y -- Tamai, K -- Sakaguchi, K -- Appella, E -- Kastan, M B -- Siliciano, J D -- CA71387/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- ES05777/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 11;281(5383):1677-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Oncology Center, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9733515" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Cell Line ; DNA Damage ; DNA-Activated Protein Kinase ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; Lymphocytes/metabolism/radiation effects ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphoserine/metabolism ; Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; *Radiation, Ionizing ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transfection ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/*metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; Ultraviolet Rays
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    Year of the cat--in more ways than one (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-07-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garber, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jun 19;280(5371):1841.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9669935" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats/*genetics ; *Chromosome Mapping ; Crosses, Genetic ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn/genetics ; *Genome ; Humans ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats
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    Uncoupling of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases from PLC-gamma1 in an SLP-76-deficient T cell (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-07-17
    Description: Activation of nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) is essential for T cell receptor (TCR) responsiveness; however, the function of individual PTK substrates is often uncertain. A mutant T cell line was isolated that lacked expression of SLP-76 (SH2 domain-containing leukocyte protein of 76 kilodaltons), a hematopoietically expressed adaptor protein and PTK substrate. SLP-76 was not required for TCR-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of most proteins, but was required for optimal tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of phospholipase C-gamma1 (PLC-gamma1), as well as Ras pathway activation. TCR-inducible gene expression was dependent on SLP-76. Thus, coupling of TCR-regulated PTKs to downstream signaling pathways requires SLP-76.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yablonski, D -- Kuhne, M R -- Kadlecek, T -- Weiss, A -- CA72531/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jul 17;281(5375):413-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Box 0795, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0795, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9665884" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Line ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Inositol Phosphates/metabolism ; Interleukin-2/genetics ; Isoenzymes/*metabolism ; Jurkat Cells ; *Membrane Proteins ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 ; NFATC Transcription Factors ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Phospholipase C gamma ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism/*physiology ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotyrosine/metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/enzymology/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Transcriptional Activation ; Transfection ; Type C Phospholipases/*metabolism ; ras Proteins/metabolism
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    A blow to the 'grandmother theory' (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1998-05-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Apr 24;280(5363):516.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9575094" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Humans ; Life Expectancy ; Lions/*physiology ; *Longevity ; Menopause ; Papio/*physiology ; *Reproduction
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    Activation of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) by the adapter protein Daxx (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-09-22
    Description: The Fas death receptor can activate the Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway through the receptor-associated protein Daxx. Daxx was found to activate the JNK kinase kinase ASK1, and overexpression of a kinase-deficient ASK1 mutant inhibited Fas- and Daxx-induced apoptosis and JNK activation. Fas activation induced Daxx to interact with ASK1, which consequently relieved an inhibitory intramolecular interaction between the amino- and carboxyl-termini of ASK1, activating its kinase activity. The Daxx-ASK1 connection completes a signaling pathway from a cell surface death receptor to kinase cascades that modulate nuclear transcription factors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chang, H Y -- Nishitoh, H -- Yang, X -- Ichijo, H -- Baltimore, D -- CA51462/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 18;281(5384):1860-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9743501" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, CD95/metabolism ; *Apoptosis ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; *Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases ; *Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    Phytochromes and cryptochromes in the entrainment of the Arabidopsis circadian clock (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-11-20
    Description: Circadian clocks are synchronized by environmental cues such as light. Photoreceptor-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana mutants were used to measure the effect of light fluence rate on circadian period in plants. Phytochrome B is the primary high-intensity red light photoreceptor for circadian control, and phytochrome A acts under low-intensity red light. Cryptochrome 1 and phytochrome A both act to transmit low-fluence blue light to the clock. Cryptochrome 1 mediates high-intensity blue light signals for period length control. The presence of cryptochromes in both plants and animals suggests that circadian input pathways have been conserved throughout evolution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Somers, D E -- Devlin, P F -- Kay, S A -- GM56006/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Nov 20;282(5393):1488-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology and National Science Foundation Center for Biological Timing, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92307, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9822379" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/genetics/*physiology ; Arabidopsis Proteins ; Biological Clocks/*physiology ; Circadian Rhythm/*physiology ; Cryptochromes ; *Drosophila Proteins ; *Eye Proteins ; Flavoproteins/genetics/*physiology ; Light ; Mutation ; *Photoreceptor Cells ; *Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate ; Phytochrome/genetics/*physiology ; Phytochrome A ; Phytochrome B ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; Signal Transduction ; *Transcription Factors
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    alpha-Synuclein gene and Parkinson's disease. The French Parkinson's Disease Study Group (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-03-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Feb 20;279(5354):1116-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9508681" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4 ; Female ; France ; Genes, Dominant ; Humans ; Italy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics ; Parkinson Disease/*genetics ; Synucleins ; alpha-Synuclein
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    Multiplying knowledge of cell division, plant growth (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-10-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 11;281(5383):1591,1593.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9767022" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arabidopsis/cytology/genetics/*growth & development ; Cell Communication ; *Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Drosophila/cytology/*genetics ; Female ; Genes, Insect ; Genes, Plant ; Oocytes/cytology ; Ovary/cytology ; Stem Cells/*cytology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    COI1: an Arabidopsis gene required for jasmonate-regulated defense and fertility (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-06-06
    Description: The coi1 mutation defines an Arabidopsis gene required for response to jasmonates, which regulate defense against insects and pathogens, wound healing, and pollen fertility. The wild-type allele, COI1, was mapped to a 90-kilobase genomic fragment and located by complementation of coi1-1 mutants. The predicted amino acid sequence of the COI1 protein contains 16 leucine-rich repeats and an F-box motif. It has similarity to the F-box proteins Arabidopsis TIR1, human Skp2, and yeast Grr1, which appear to function by targeting repressor proteins for removal by ubiquitination.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xie, D X -- Feys, B F -- James, S -- Nieto-Rostro, M -- Turner, J G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 May 15;280(5366):1091-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9582125" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetates/pharmacology ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Arabidopsis/*genetics/growth & development/physiology ; *Arabidopsis Proteins ; Chromosome Mapping ; Cyclopentanes/*metabolism/pharmacology ; *Genes, Plant ; Genetic Complementation Test ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Open Reading Frames ; Oxylipins ; Plant Growth Regulators/*metabolism ; Plant Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Repressor Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transformation, Genetic ; Ubiquitins/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Control of alternative splicing of potassium channels by stress hormones (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-05-09
    Description: Many molecular mechanisms for neural adaptation to stress remain unknown. Expression of alternative splice variants of Slo, a gene encoding calcium- and voltage-activated potassium channels, was measured in rat adrenal chromaffin tissue from normal and hypophysectomized animals. Hypophysectomy triggered an abrupt decrease in the proportion of Slo transcripts containing a "STREX" exon. The decrease was prevented by adrenocorticotropic hormone injections. In Xenopus oocytes, STREX variants produced channels with functional properties associated with enhanced repetitive firing. Thus, the hormonal stress axis is likely to control the excitable properties of epinephrine-secreting cells by regulating alternative splicing of Slo messenger RNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xie, J -- McCobb, D P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Apr 17;280(5362):443-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9545224" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Medulla/*metabolism ; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/metabolism/*pharmacology ; *Alternative Splicing ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Chromaffin Cells/*metabolism ; Corticosterone/blood/*metabolism ; Dexamethasone/pharmacology ; Epinephrine/secretion ; Exons ; Female ; Hypophysectomy ; Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channel alpha Subunits ; Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oocytes ; Phenylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase/genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Potassium Channels/*genetics ; *Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Xenopus
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    Role of the CLOCK protein in the mammalian circadian mechanism (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-06-11
    Description: The mouse Clock gene encodes a bHLH-PAS protein that regulates circadian rhythms and is related to transcription factors that act as heterodimers. Potential partners of CLOCK were isolated in a two-hybrid screen, and one, BMAL1, was coexpressed with CLOCK and PER1 at known circadian clock sites in brain and retina. CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimers activated transcription from E-box elements, a type of transcription factor-binding site, found adjacent to the mouse per1 gene and from an identical E-box known to be important for per gene expression in Drosophila. Mutant CLOCK from the dominant-negative Clock allele and BMAL1 formed heterodimers that bound DNA but failed to activate transcription. Thus, CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimers appear to drive the positive component of per transcriptional oscillations, which are thought to underlie circadian rhythmicity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gekakis, N -- Staknis, D -- Nguyen, H B -- Davis, F C -- Wilsbacher, L D -- King, D P -- Takahashi, J S -- Weitz, C J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jun 5;280(5369):1564-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115, USA. 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9616112" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ARNTL Transcription Factors ; Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; Biological Clocks ; CLOCK Proteins ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Circadian Rhythm/genetics/*physiology ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cricetinae ; DNA/metabolism ; Dimerization ; Feedback ; Gene Expression ; Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs ; Male ; Mesocricetus ; Mice ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Period Circadian Proteins ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Retina/metabolism ; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/metabolism ; Trans-Activators/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; *Transcriptional Activation
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    Comparison of the complete protein sets of worm and yeast: orthology and divergence (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-12-16
    Description: Comparative analysis of predicted protein sequences encoded by the genomes of Caenorhabditis elegans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae suggests that most of the core biological functions are carried out by orthologous proteins (proteins of different species that can be traced back to a common ancestor) that occur in comparable numbers. The specialized processes of signal transduction and regulatory control that are unique to the multicellular worm appear to use novel proteins, many of which re-use conserved domains. Major expansion of the number of some of these domains seen in the worm may have contributed to the advent of multicellularity. The proteins conserved in yeast and worm are likely to have orthologs throughout eukaryotes; in contrast, the proteins unique to the worm may well define metazoans.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3057080/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3057080/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chervitz, S A -- Aravind, L -- Sherlock, G -- Ball, C A -- Koonin, E V -- Dwight, S S -- Harris, M A -- Dolinski, K -- Mohr, S -- Smith, T -- Weng, S -- Cherry, J M -- Botstein, D -- HG 00044/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- HG01315/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P41 HG001315/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P41 HG001315-16/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 11;282(5396):2022-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5120, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9851918" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Evolution, Molecular ; Fungal Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Fungal ; Genes, Helminth ; Helminth Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Signal Transduction
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    Functional expression of a mammalian odorant receptor (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1998-01-31
    Description: Candidate mammalian odorant receptors were first cloned some 6 years ago. The physiological function of these receptors in initiating transduction in olfactory receptor neurons remains to be established. Here, a recombinant adenovirus was used to drive expression of a particular receptor gene in an increased number of sensory neurons in the rat olfactory epithelium. Electrophysiological recording showed that increased expression of a single gene led to greater sensitivity to a small subset of odorants.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhao, H -- Ivic, L -- Otaki, J M -- Hashimoto, M -- Mikoshiba, K -- Firestein, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jan 9;279(5348):237-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9422698" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenoviridae/genetics/physiology ; Aldehydes/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Electrophysiology ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Vectors ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; Luminescent Proteins/analysis/genetics ; Male ; *Odors ; Olfactory Receptor Neurons/*physiology/virology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Odorant/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Recombinant Proteins
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    Sphingosine-1-phosphate as a ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor EDG-1 (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-03-21
    Description: The sphingolipid metabolite sphingosine-1-phosphate (SPP) has been implicated as a second messenger in cell proliferation and survival. However, many of its biological effects are due to binding to unidentified receptors on the cell surface. SPP activated the heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein)-coupled orphan receptor EDG-1, originally cloned as Endothelial Differentiation Gene-1. EDG-1 bound SPP with high affinity (dissociation constant = 8.1 nM) and high specificity. Overexpression of EDG-1 induced exaggerated cell-cell aggregation, enhanced expression of cadherins, and formation of well-developed adherens junctions in a manner dependent on SPP and the small guanine nucleotide binding protein Rho.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, M J -- Van Brocklyn, J R -- Thangada, S -- Liu, C H -- Hand, A R -- Menzeleev, R -- Spiegel, S -- Hla, T -- DK45659/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM43880/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL49094/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Mar 6;279(5356):1552-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9488656" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cadherins/*biosynthesis ; *Cell Aggregation ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Genes, Immediate-Early ; Humans ; Immediate-Early Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Intercellular Junctions/*ultrastructure ; Ligands ; *Lysophospholipids ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism ; Morphogenesis ; Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics/*metabolism ; *Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; Receptors, Lysophospholipid ; Signal Transduction ; Sphingosine/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Transfection ; rho GTP-Binding Proteins
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    Fertilization defects in sperm from mice lacking fertilin beta (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-09-22
    Description: Fertilin, a member of the ADAM family, is found on the plasma membrane of mammalian sperm. Sperm from mice lacking fertilin beta were shown to be deficient in sperm-egg membrane adhesion, sperm-egg fusion, migration from the uterus into the oviduct, and binding to the egg zona pellucida. Egg activation was unaffected. The results are consistent with a direct role of fertilin in sperm-egg plasma membrane interaction. Fertilin could also have a direct role in sperm-zona binding or oviduct migration; alternatively, the effects on these functions could result from the absence of fertilin activity during spermatogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cho, C -- Bunch, D O -- Faure, J E -- Goulding, E H -- Eddy, E M -- Primakoff, P -- Myles, D G -- HD16580/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- U54HD29125/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 18;281(5384):1857-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9743500" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ADAM Proteins ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; Fallopian Tubes ; Female ; Male ; Membrane Fusion ; Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Metalloendopeptidases/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Ovum/physiology ; Sperm Capacitation ; *Sperm-Ovum Interactions ; Spermatogenesis ; Spermatozoa/chemistry/*physiology ; Zona Pellucida/physiology
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    Single gene controls fruit fly life-span (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-12-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Oct 30;282(5390):856.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9841425" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/genetics ; Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins ; Drosophila/*genetics/physiology ; *Drosophila Proteins ; GTP-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism/physiology ; *Genes, Insect ; Longevity/genetics ; Mutation ; Receptor, Insulin/genetics/physiology ; Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; *Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; Signal Transduction
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    CBP: a signal-regulated transcriptional coactivator controlled by nuclear calcium and CaM kinase IV (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-09-04
    Description: Recruitment of the coactivator, CREB binding protein (CBP), by signal-regulated transcription factors, such as CREB [adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein], is critical for stimulation of gene expression. The mouse pituitary cell line AtT20 was used to show that the CBP recruitment step (CREB phosphorylation on serine-133) can be uncoupled from CREB/CBP-activated transcription. CBP was found to contain a signal-regulated transcriptional activation domain that is controlled by nuclear calcium and calcium/calmodulin-dependent (CaM) protein kinase IV and by cAMP. Cytoplasmic calcium signals that stimulate the Ras mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascade or expression of the activated form of Ras provided the CBP recruitment signal but did not increase CBP activity and failed to activate CREB- and CBP-mediated transcription. These results identify CBP as a signal-regulated transcriptional coactivator and define a regulatory role for nuclear calcium and cAMP in CBP-dependent gene expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chawla, S -- Hardingham, G E -- Quinn, D R -- Bading, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 4;281(5382):1505-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9727976" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; CREB-Binding Protein ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Channels/metabolism ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 4 ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/*metabolism ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Genes, Reporter ; Mice ; Models, Genetic ; Nuclear Proteins/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphoserine/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Trans-Activators/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; *Transcriptional Activation ; ras Proteins/metabolism
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    ART into science: regulation of fertility techniques. ISLAT (Institute for Science Law, and Technology) Working Group (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-08-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jul 31;281(5377):651-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9714673" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Data Collection ; Disclosure ; Embryo Transfer ; Federal Government ; Female ; *Government Regulation ; Humans ; Information Dissemination ; Informed Consent ; Licensure ; Male ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Records as Topic ; Reproductive Techniques/adverse effects/*legislation & jurisprudence/*standards ; United States
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    A genomic battle of the sexes (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-10-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 25;281(5385):1984-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9767051" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arabidopsis/embryology/genetics ; *Biological Evolution ; Embryonic and Fetal Development/*genetics ; Female ; Genes, Plant ; *Genomic Imprinting ; Humans ; Insects/*genetics ; Male ; Peromyscus ; Seeds/*growth & development
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    First AIDS vaccine trial launched (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-07-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jun 12;280(5370):1697.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9660708" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *AIDS Vaccines/therapeutic use ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology/*prevention & control ; *Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic ; HIV/immunology/physiology ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/immunology ; HIV Infections/prevention & control/therapy/virology ; Humans ; Male ; Thailand ; United States ; Viral Load
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    Axonal swellings and degeneration in mice lacking the major proteolipid of myelin (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-06-11
    Description: Glial cells produce myelin and contribute to axonal morphology in the nervous system. Two myelin membrane proteolipids, PLP and DM20, were shown to be essential for the integrity of myelinated axons. In the absence of PLP-DM20, mice assembled compact myelin sheaths but subsequently developed widespread axonal swellings and degeneration, associated predominantly with small-caliber nerve fibers. Similar swellings were absent in dysmyelinated shiverer mice, which lack myelin basic protein (MBP), but recurred in MBP*PLP double mutants. Thus, fiber degeneration, which was probably secondary to impaired axonal transport, could indicate that myelinated axons require local oligodendroglial support.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Griffiths, I -- Klugmann, M -- Anderson, T -- Yool, D -- Thomson, C -- Schwab, M H -- Schneider, A -- Zimmermann, F -- McCulloch, M -- Nadon, N -- Nave, K A -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jun 5;280(5369):1610-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Applied Neurobiology Group, Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9616125" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axonal Transport ; Axons/*physiology/*ultrastructure ; Cell Communication ; Central Nervous System/*ultrastructure ; Female ; Mice ; Mice, Neurologic Mutants ; Models, Neurological ; Motor Activity ; Myelin Proteolipid Protein/analysis/genetics/*physiology ; Myelin Sheath/chemistry/physiology/ultrastructure ; Nerve Degeneration/*pathology ; *Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Oligodendroglia/physiology ; Optic Nerve/ultrastructure ; Organelles/ultrastructure ; Spinal Cord/ultrastructure ; Transgenes
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    A plant's dilemma (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-12-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grill, E -- Ziegler, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Oct 9;282(5387):252-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lehrstuhl fur Botanik, Technische Universitat Munchen, Munich, Germany. grill@botanik.biologie.tu-muenchen.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9841390" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abscisic Acid/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Alkyl and Aryl Transferases/*metabolism ; Anions ; Arabidopsis/cytology/genetics/*metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cyclic ADP-Ribose ; Farnesyltranstransferase ; Ion Channels/*metabolism ; Membrane Potentials ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/metabolism ; Plant Leaves/cytology/metabolism ; Protein Phosphatase 2 ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Signal Transduction ; Water/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Females pick good genes in frogs, flies (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-07-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jun 19;280(5371):1837-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9669933" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anura/*genetics/physiology ; Diptera/*genetics/physiology ; Eye/anatomy & histology ; Female ; *Genes ; Male ; Sex Ratio ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Vocalization, Animal
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    A calcium sensor homolog required for plant salt tolerance (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-06-25
    Description: Excessive sodium (Na+) in salinized soils inhibits plant growth and development. A mutation in the SOS3 gene renders Arabidopsis thaliana plants hypersensitive to Na+-induced growth inhibition. SOS3 encodes a protein that shares significant sequence similarity with the calcineurin B subunit from yeast and neuronal calcium sensors from animals. The results suggest that intracellular calcium signaling through a calcineurin-like pathway mediates the beneficial effect of calcium on plant salt tolerance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, J -- Zhu, J K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jun 19;280(5371):1943-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9632394" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Arabidopsis/*genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; *Arabidopsis Proteins ; Binding Sites ; Calcineurin/chemistry ; Calcium/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/chemistry ; Chromosome Mapping ; Cloning, Molecular ; Genes, Plant ; Ion Transport ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Open Reading Frames ; Plant Proteins/*chemistry/*genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/chemistry ; Signal Transduction ; Sodium/metabolism/*pharmacology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    One infant's memory of Oedipus (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-06-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Littman, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 May 22;280(5367):1174; author reply 1176-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9634391" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Infant ; *Language ; Learning ; Male ; *Memory ; Time Factors
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    Prevention of cardiac hypertrophy in mice by calcineurin inhibition (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-09-11
    Description: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an inherited form of heart disease that affects 1 in 500 individuals. Here it is shown that calcineurin, a calcium-regulated phosphatase, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of HCM. Administration of the calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporin and FK506 prevented disease in mice that were genetically predisposed to develop HCM as a result of aberrant expression of tropomodulin, myosin light chain-2, or fetal beta-tropomyosin in the heart. Cyclosporin had a similar effect in a rat model of pressure-overload hypertrophy. These results suggest that calcineurin inhibitors merit investigation as potential therapeutics for certain forms of human heart disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sussman, M A -- Lim, H W -- Gude, N -- Taigen, T -- Olson, E N -- Robbins, J -- Colbert, M C -- Gualberto, A -- Wieczorek, D F -- Molkentin, J D -- HL58224-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 11;281(5383):1690-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9733519" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcineurin/metabolism ; *Calcineurin Inhibitors ; Calcium/metabolism ; *Cardiac Myosins ; Cardiomegaly/metabolism/pathology/*prevention & control ; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/pathology/*prevention & control ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/genetics/metabolism/pathology/*prevention & control ; Carrier Proteins/genetics ; Cyclosporine/*pharmacology ; Female ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; *Microfilament Proteins ; Models, Cardiovascular ; Myocardium/*metabolism/pathology ; Myosin Light Chains/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; Tacrolimus/*pharmacology ; Tropomodulin ; Tropomyosin/genetics
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    Regulation of nerve growth mediated by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors in growth cones (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-11-30
    Description: The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor (IP3R) acts as a Ca2+ release channel on internal Ca2+ stores. Type 1 IP3R (IP3R1) is enriched in growth cones of neurons in chick dorsal root ganglia. Depletion of internal Ca2+ stores and inhibition of IP3 signaling with drugs inhibited neurite extension. Microinjection of heparin, a competitive IP3R blocker, induced neurite retraction. Acute localized loss of function of IP3R1 in the growth cone induced by chromophore-assisted laser inactivation resulted in growth arrest and neurite retraction. IP3-induced Ca2+ release in growth cones appears to have a crucial role in control of nerve growth.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Takei, K -- Shin, R M -- Inoue, T -- Kato, K -- Mikoshiba, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Nov 27;282(5394):1705-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Calciosignal Net Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0021, Japan. kohtaro@ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9831561" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Channels/*metabolism ; Calcium Signaling ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebellum/metabolism ; Chick Embryo ; Ganglia, Spinal/cytology ; Growth Cones/*metabolism ; Heparin/pharmacology ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/*metabolism ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors ; Lasers ; Lithium Chloride/pharmacology ; Mice ; Microscopy, Video ; Microsomes/metabolism ; Microtubules/metabolism ; Neurites/drug effects/*physiology ; Pseudopodia/drug effects/physiology ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Thapsigargin/pharmacology
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    p53-independent role of MDM2 in TGF-beta1 resistance (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-12-18
    Description: Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) inhibits cell proliferation, and acquisition of TGF-beta resistance has been linked to tumorigenesis. A genetic screen was performed to identify complementary DNAs that abrogated TGF-beta sensitivity in mink lung epithelial cells. Ectopic expression of murine double minute 2 rescued TGF-beta-induced growth arrest in a p53-independent manner by interference with retinoblastoma susceptibility gene product (Rb)/E2F function. In human breast tumor cells, increased MDM2 expression levels correlated with TGF-beta resistance. Thus, MDM2 may confer TGF-beta resistance in a subset of tumors and may promote tumorigenesis by interference with two independent tumor suppressors, p53 and Rb.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, P -- Dong, P -- Dai, K -- Hannon, G J -- Beach, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 18;282(5397):2270-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9856953" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; *Carrier Proteins ; *Cell Cycle Proteins ; *Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; E2F Transcription Factors ; Gene Expression ; Genes, Retinoblastoma ; Genes, p53 ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Mice ; Mink ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Phosphorylation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 ; Retinoblastoma Protein/metabolism ; Retinoblastoma-Binding Protein 1 ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factor DP1 ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/*pharmacology/physiology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/*physiology
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    Knowing where and getting there: a human navigation network (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-05-23
    Description: The neural basis of navigation by humans was investigated with functional neuroimaging of brain activity during navigation in a familiar, yet complex virtual reality town. Activation of the right hippocampus was strongly associated with knowing accurately where places were located and navigating accurately between them. Getting to those places quickly was strongly associated with activation of the right caudate nucleus. These two right-side brain structures function in the context of associated activity in right inferior parietal and bilateral medial parietal regions that support egocentric movement through the virtual town, and activity in other left-side regions (hippocampus, frontal cortex) probably involved in nonspatial aspects of navigation. These findings outline a network of brain areas that support navigation in humans and link the functions of these regions to physiological observations in other mammals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maguire, E A -- Burgess, N -- Donnett, J G -- Frackowiak, R S -- Frith, C D -- O'Keefe, J -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 May 8;280(5365):921-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Department of Cognitive Neurology, Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK. e.maguire@fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9572740" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brain Mapping ; Caudate Nucleus/blood supply/*physiology/radionuclide imaging ; Cues ; Frontal Lobe/blood supply/*physiology/radionuclide imaging ; Hippocampus/blood supply/*physiology/radionuclide imaging ; Humans ; Male ; Memory ; Neural Pathways ; *Orientation ; Parietal Lobe/blood supply/*physiology/radionuclide imaging ; Psychomotor Performance ; Regional Blood Flow ; *Space Perception ; Tomography, Emission-Computed
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    Inhibition of cell migration, spreading, and focal adhesions by tumor suppressor PTEN (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-06-11
    Description: The tumor suppressor PTEN is a phosphatase with sequence similarity to the cytoskeletal protein tensin. Here the cellular roles of PTEN were investigated. Overexpression of PTEN inhibited cell migration, whereas antisense PTEN enhanced migration. Integrin-mediated cell spreading and the formation of focal adhesions were down-regulated by wild-type PTEN but not by PTEN with an inactive phosphatase domain. PTEN interacted with the focal adhesion kinase FAK and reduced its tyrosine phosphorylation. Overexpression of FAK partially antagonized the effects of PTEN. Thus, PTEN phosphatase may function as a tumor suppressor by negatively regulating cell interactions with the extracellular matrix.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tamura, M -- Gu, J -- Matsumoto, K -- Aota, S -- Parsons, R -- Yamada, K M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jun 5;280(5369):1614-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Craniofacial Developmental Biology and Regeneration Branch, National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4370, USA. mtamura@yoda.nidr.nih.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9616126" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3T3 Cells ; Animals ; *Cell Adhesion ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism ; Cell Line ; *Cell Movement ; Cell Size ; Concanavalin A ; Down-Regulation ; Ecdysone/pharmacology ; Fibronectins ; Focal Adhesion Kinase 1 ; Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Integrins/physiology ; Mice ; Mutation ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase ; *Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases ; Phosphorylation ; Polylysine ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/genetics/metabolism/pharmacology/*physiology ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; Signal Transduction ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; *Tumor Suppressor Proteins
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    Writing, speech separated in split rain (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-05-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Strauss, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 May 8;280(5365):827.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9599154" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brain/*physiology ; *Cognition ; Corpus Callosum/surgery ; Epilepsy/physiopathology/surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Reading ; *Speech ; *Writing
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    Characterization of an avian influenza A (H5N1) virus isolated from a child with a fatal respiratory illness (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-02-07
    Description: An avian H5N1 influenza A virus (A/Hong Kong/156/97) was isolated from a tracheal aspirate obtained from a 3-year-old child in Hong Kong with a fatal illness consistent with influenza. Serologic analysis indicated the presence of an H5 hemagglutinin. All eight RNA segments were derived from an avian influenza A virus. The hemagglutinin contained multiple basic amino acids adjacent to the cleavage site, a feature characteristic of highly pathogenic avian influenza A viruses. The virus caused 87.5 to 100 percent mortality in experimentally inoculated White Plymouth Rock and White Leghorn chickens. These results may have implications for global influenza surveillance and planning for pandemic influenza.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Subbarao, K -- Klimov, A -- Katz, J -- Regnery, H -- Lim, W -- Hall, H -- Perdue, M -- Swayne, D -- Bender, C -- Huang, J -- Hemphill, M -- Rowe, T -- Shaw, M -- Xu, X -- Fukuda, K -- Cox, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jan 16;279(5349):393-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Influenza Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9430591" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Chickens ; Child, Preschool ; Disease Outbreaks ; Fatal Outcome ; Female ; Genes, Viral ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/chemistry/*genetics ; Hong Kong/epidemiology ; Humans ; *Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ; Influenza A virus/*genetics/isolation & purification/*pathogenicity ; Influenza in Birds/virology ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology/*virology ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neuraminidase/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Virulence ; Virus Replication
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    Death receptors: signaling and modulation (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-08-28
    Description: Apoptosis is a cell suicide mechanism that enables metazoans to control cell number in tissues and to eliminate individual cells that threaten the animal's survival. Certain cells have unique sensors, termed death receptors, on their surface. Death receptors detect the presence of extracellular death signals and, in response, they rapidly ignite the cell's intrinsic apoptosis machinery.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ashkenazi, A -- Dixit, V M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Aug 28;281(5381):1305-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA. aa@gene.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9721089" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD/metabolism ; Antigens, CD95/metabolism ; *Apoptosis ; Humans ; Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism ; Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/*metabolism ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 25 ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I ; Signal Transduction
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    Impairment of mycobacterial immunity in human interleukin-12 receptor deficiency (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-06-20
    Description: In humans, interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) receptor deficiency leads to a predisposition to mycobacterial infections and impairs the formation of mature granulomas. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) receptor deficiency was found in otherwise healthy individuals with mycobacterial infections. Mature granulomas were seen, surrounded by T cells and centered with epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells, yet reduced IFN-gamma concentrations were found to be secreted by activated natural killer and T cells. Thus, IL-12-dependent IFN-gamma secretion in humans seems essential in the control of mycobacterial infections, despite the formation of mature granulomas due to IL-12-independent IFN-gamma secretion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Altare, F -- Durandy, A -- Lammas, D -- Emile, J F -- Lamhamedi, S -- Le Deist, F -- Drysdale, P -- Jouanguy, E -- Doffinger, R -- Bernaudin, F -- Jeppsson, O -- Gollob, J A -- Meinl, E -- Segal, A W -- Fischer, A -- Kumararatne, D -- Casanova, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 May 29;280(5368):1432-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉INSERM U429, Hopital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris 75015, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9603732" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Female ; Granuloma/immunology ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity, Delayed ; Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis/immunology/secretion ; Interleukin-12/*immunology ; Killer Cells, Natural/immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mutation ; Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection/*immunology ; *Mycobacterium bovis ; Pedigree ; Receptors, Interferon/genetics/immunology ; Receptors, Interleukin/deficiency/*genetics ; Receptors, Interleukin-12 ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Tuberculosis/*immunology
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    One-eyed animals implicate cholesterol in development (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-06-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Strauss, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jun 5;280(5369):1528-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9644017" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced/etiology ; Animals ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cholesterol/*metabolism ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; Eye Abnormalities/chemically induced/*etiology/veterinary ; Hedgehog Proteins ; Holoprosencephaly/chemically induced/*etiology/veterinary ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; Signal Transduction ; Teratogens/metabolism/*toxicity ; *Trans-Activators ; Veratrum Alkaloids/*toxicity
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    Requirement for MAPK activation for normal mitotic progression in Xenopus egg extracts (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-11-13
    Description: The p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is required for progression through meiotic M phase in Xenopus oocytes. This report examines whether it also plays a role in normal mitotic progression. MAPK was transiently activated during mitosis in cycling Xenopus egg extracts after activation of the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdc2-cyclin B. Interference with MAPK activation by immunodepletion of its activator MEK, or by addition of the MEK inhibitor PD98059, caused precocious termination of mitosis and interfered with production of normal mitotic microtubules. Sustained activation of MAPK arrested extracts in mitosis in the absence of active Cdc2-cyclin B. These findings identify a role for MEK and MAPK in maintaining the mitotic state.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guadagno, T M -- Ferrell, J E Jr -- GM46383/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Nov 13;282(5392):1312-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5332, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9812894" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; CDC2 Protein Kinase/metabolism ; Cyclin B/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Female ; Flavonoids/pharmacology ; Interphase ; MAP Kinase Kinase 1 ; Male ; Microtubules/metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; *Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases ; *Mitosis ; Ovum/*cytology/enzymology ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism/pharmacology ; Spermatozoa/physiology ; Spindle Apparatus/metabolism ; Xenopus
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    How embryos may avoid immune attack (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-09-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gura, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Aug 21;281(5380):1122-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9735025" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Embryo, Mammalian/*immunology ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; *Immune Tolerance ; Male ; Mice ; Placenta/enzymology ; Pregnancy ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/metabolism ; Trophoblasts/*enzymology ; Tryptophan/analogs & derivatives/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Tryptophan Oxygenase/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Dimerization-induced inhibition of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase function through an inhibitory wedge (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-01-24
    Description: The function and regulation of the receptorlike transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) are not well understood. Ligand-induced dimerization inhibited the function of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-RPTP CD45 chimera (EGFR-CD45) in T cell signal transduction. Properties of mutated EGFR-CD45 chimeras supported a general model for the regulation of RPTPs, derived from the crystal structure of the RPTPalpha membrane-proximal phosphatase domain. The phosphatase domain apparently forms a symmetrical dimer in which the catalytic site of one molecule is blocked by specific contacts with a wedge from the other.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Majeti, R -- Bilwes, A M -- Noel, J P -- Hunter, T -- Weiss, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jan 2;279(5347):88-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9417031" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigens, CD45/chemistry/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Dimerization ; Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism/pharmacology ; Humans ; Ligands ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mutation ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/*antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/chemistry/metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology/*metabolism ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase
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    Boundary formation in Drosophila wing: Notch activity attenuated by the POU protein Nubbin (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-07-17
    Description: Cell interactions mediated by Notch-family receptors have been implicated in the specification of tissue boundaries in vertebrate and insect development. Although Notch ligands are often widely expressed, tightly localized activation of Notch is critical for the formation of sharp boundaries. Evidence is presented here that the POU domain protein Nubbin contributes to the formation of a sharp dorsoventral boundary in the Drosophila wing. Nubbin represses Notch-dependent target genes and sets a threshold for Notch activity that defines the spatial domain of boundary-specific gene expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Neumann, C J -- Cohen, S M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jul 17;281(5375):409-13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9665883" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium-Binding Proteins ; Drosophila/genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Insect ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Insect Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Ligands ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Mutation ; *N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/physiology ; POU Domain Factors ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Receptors, Notch ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Wings, Animal/*growth & development/metabolism ; Wnt1 Protein
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    p115 RhoGEF, a GTPase activating protein for Galpha12 and Galpha13 (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-06-26
    Description: Members of the regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) family stimulate the intrinsic guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) activity of the alpha subunits of certain heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins). The guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Rho, p115 RhoGEF, has an amino-terminal region with similarity to RGS proteins. Recombinant p115 RhoGEF and a fusion protein containing the amino terminus of p115 had specific activity as GTPase activating proteins toward the alpha subunits of the G proteins G12 and G13, but not toward members of the Gs, Gi, or Gq subfamilies of Galpha proteins. This GEF may act as an intermediary in the regulation of Rho proteins by G13 and G12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kozasa, T -- Jiang, X -- Hart, M J -- Sternweis, P M -- Singer, W D -- Gilman, A G -- Bollag, G -- Sternweis, P C -- GM31954/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM34497/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jun 26;280(5372):2109-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9641915" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aluminum Compounds/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Fluorides/metabolism ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/*metabolism ; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, G12-G13 ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors ; Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)/metabolism ; Guanosine Diphosphate/metabolism ; Guanosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrolysis ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; Signal Transduction
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    Partial hormone resistance in mice with disruption of the steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1) gene (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-04-16
    Description: The in vivo biological function of a steroid receptor coactivator was assessed in mice in which the SRC-1 gene was inactivated by gene targeting. Although in both sexes the homozygous mutants were viable and fertile, target organs such as uterus, prostate, testis, and mammary gland exhibited decreased growth and development in response to steroid hormones. Expression of RNA encoding TIF2, a member of the SRC-1 family, was increased in the SRC-1 null mutant, perhaps compensating partially for the loss of SRC-1 function in target tissues. The results indicate that SRC-1 mediates steroid hormone responses in vivo and that loss of its coactivator function results in partial resistance to hormone.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xu, J -- Qiu, Y -- DeMayo, F J -- Tsai, S Y -- Tsai, M J -- O'Malley, B W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Mar 20;279(5358):1922-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9506940" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Drug Resistance ; Estradiol/blood/pharmacology ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Genitalia, Male/drug effects/*growth & development ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones/*pharmacology ; Histone Acetyltransferases ; Male ; Mammary Glands, Animal/drug effects/*growth & development ; Mice ; Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 1 ; Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 2 ; Organ Size/drug effects ; Pregnancy ; Progesterone/blood/pharmacology ; Prostate/drug effects/growth & development ; Stem Cells ; Testis/drug effects/growth & development ; Testosterone/blood/pharmacology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*physiology ; Uterus/drug effects/*growth & development
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    Distinct mechanism for antidepressant activity by blockade of central substance P receptors (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-09-11
    Description: The localization of substance P in brain regions that coordinate stress responses and receive convergent monoaminergic innervation suggested that substance P antagonists might have psychotherapeutic properties. Like clinically used antidepressant and anxiolytic drugs, substance P antagonists suppressed isolation-induced vocalizations in guinea pigs. In a placebo-controlled trial in patients with moderate to severe major depression, robust antidepressant effects of the substance P antagonist MK-869 were consistently observed. In preclinical studies, substance P antagonists did not interact with monoamine systems in the manner seen with established antidepressant drugs. These findings suggest that substance P may play an important role in psychiatric disorders.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kramer, M S -- Cutler, N -- Feighner, J -- Shrivastava, R -- Carman, J -- Sramek, J J -- Reines, S A -- Liu, G -- Snavely, D -- Wyatt-Knowles, E -- Hale, J J -- Mills, S G -- MacCoss, M -- Swain, C J -- Harrison, T -- Hill, R G -- Hefti, F -- Scolnick, E M -- Cascieri, M A -- Chicchi, G G -- Sadowski, S -- Williams, A R -- Hewson, L -- Smith, D -- Carlson, E J -- Hargreaves, R J -- Rupniak, N M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 11;281(5383):1640-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19456, USA. Mark_Kramer@merck.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9733503" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Amygdala/drug effects/metabolism ; Animals ; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation/adverse ; effects/metabolism/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Brain/drug effects/metabolism ; Depressive Disorder/*drug therapy/etiology/metabolism ; Female ; Gerbillinae ; Guinea Pigs ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Morpholines/adverse effects/metabolism/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; *Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists ; Norepinephrine/physiology ; Paroxetine/therapeutic use ; Receptors, Neurokinin-1/metabolism ; Serotonin/physiology ; Stress, Psychological/drug therapy ; Substance P/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Vocalization, Animal/drug effects
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    Habitat seen playing larger role in shaping behavior (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-03-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Mar 6;279(5356):1454-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9508719" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; *Environment ; Female ; Food ; *Macaca ; Male ; *Pan troglodytes ; *Pongo pygmaeus ; Social Behavior
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    Solving the brain's energy crisis (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-06-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 May 29;280(5368):1345-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9634409" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Brain/*anatomy & histology/growth & development/metabolism ; Digestive System/*anatomy & histology/metabolism ; *Energy Metabolism ; Female ; Genomic Imprinting ; Humans ; Lactation ; Male ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Mice ; Placenta/metabolism ; Pregnancy
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Dual modes of aging in Mediterranean fruit fly females (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-08-14
    Description: The life history of medflies is characterized by two physiological modes with different demographic schedules of fertility and survival: a waiting mode in which both mortality and reproduction are low and a reproductive mode in which mortality is very low at the onset of egg laying but accelerates as eggs are laid. Medflies stay in waiting mode when they are fed only sugar. When fed protein, a scarce resource in the wild, medflies switch to reproductive mode. Medflies that switch from waiting to reproductive mode survive longer than medflies kept in either mode exclusively. An understanding of the physiological shift that occurs between the waiting and reproductive modes may yield information about the fundamental processes that determine longevity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carey, J R -- Liedo, P -- Muller, H G -- Wang, J L -- Vaupel, J W -- AG-08761/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Aug 14;281(5379):996-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. jrcarey@ucdavis.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9703516" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/*physiology ; Animals ; Dietary Proteins ; Drosophila ; Female ; Longevity ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Reproduction/physiology
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    Plasma insulin-like growth factor-I and prostate cancer risk: a prospective study (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-02-07
    Description: Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is a mitogen for prostate epithelial cells. To investigate associations between plasma IGF levels and prostate cancer risk, a nested case-control study within the Physicians' Health Study was conducted on prospectively collected plasma from 152 cases and 152 controls. A strong positive association was observed between IGF-I levels and prostate cancer risk. Men in the highest quartile of IGF-I levels had a relative risk of 4.3 (95 percent confidence interval 1.8 to 10.6) compared with men in the lowest quartile. This association was independent of baseline prostate-specific antigen levels. Identification of plasma IGF-I as a predictor of prostate cancer risk may have implications for risk reduction and treatment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chan, J M -- Stampfer, M J -- Giovannucci, E -- Gann, P H -- Ma, J -- Wilkinson, P -- Hennekens, C H -- Pollak, M -- CA-42182/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-58684/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA 09001-20/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jan 23;279(5350):563-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. jmlchan@hsph.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9438850" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Analysis of Variance ; Case-Control Studies ; Confidence Intervals ; Disease Susceptibility ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3/blood ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/*analysis ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II/analysis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Odds Ratio ; Prospective Studies ; Prostate-Specific Antigen/blood ; Prostatic Neoplasms/*etiology ; Reference Values ; Regression Analysis ; Risk ; Risk Factors
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    Why sex? Putting theory to the test (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-10-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wuethrich, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 25;281(5385):1980-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9767049" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Biological Evolution ; Female ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Male ; *Mutation ; Recombination, Genetic ; Reproduction, Asexual ; Rotifera/genetics/physiology ; Selection, Genetic ; *Sex
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    Presenilin interactions and Alzheimer's disease (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-02-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kosik, K S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jan 23;279(5350):463-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9454341" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alzheimer Disease/etiology/*metabolism ; Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/*metabolism ; Animals ; Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/*metabolism ; Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Nervous System/metabolism ; Presenilin-1 ; Signal Transduction ; *Trans-Activators ; beta Catenin ; tau Proteins/metabolism
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    The NIMH Multisite HIV Prevention Trial: reducing HIV sexual risk behavior. The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Multisite HIV Prevention Trial Group (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-06-25
    Description: The efficacy of a behavioral intervention to reduce human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk behaviors was tested in a randomized, controlled trial with three high-risk populations at 37 clinics from seven sites across the United States. Compared with the 1855 individuals in the control condition, the 1851 participants assigned to a small-group, seven-session HIV risk reduction program reported fewer unprotected sexual acts, had higher levels of condom use, and were more likely to use condoms consistently over a 12-month follow-up period. On the basis of clinical record review, no difference in overall sexually transmitted disease (STD) reinfection rate was found between intervention and control condition participants. However, among men recruited from STD clinics, those assigned to the intervention condition had a gonorrhea incidence rate one-half that of those in the control condition. Intervention condition participants also reported fewer STD symptoms over the 12-month follow-up period. Study outcomes suggest that behavioral interventions can reduce HIV-related sexual risk behavior among low-income women and men served in public health settings. Studies that test strategies for reducing sexual risk behavior over longer periods of time are needed, especially with populations that remain most vulnerable to HIV infection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jun 19;280(5371):1889-94.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9632382" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Condoms ; Female ; HIV Infections/epidemiology/*prevention & control/transmission ; *Health Behavior ; *Health Education ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; National Institute of Mental Health (U.S.) ; Patient Selection ; Risk-Taking ; *Sexual Behavior ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Statistics as Topic ; United States
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    Role of farnesyltransferase in ABA regulation of guard cell anion channels and plant water loss (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-10-09
    Description: Desiccation of plants during drought can be detrimental to agricultural production. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) reduces water loss by triggering stomatal pore closure in leaves, a process requiring ion-channel modulation by cytoplasmic proteins. Deletion of the Arabidopsis farnesyltransferase gene ERA1 or application of farnesyltransferase inhibitors resulted in ABA hypersensitivity of guard cell anion-channel activation and of stomatal closing. ERA1 was expressed in guard cells. Double-mutant analyses of era1 with the ABA-insensitive mutants abi1 and abi2 showed that era1 suppresses the ABA-insensitive phenotypes. Moreover, era1 plants exhibited a reduction in transpirational water loss during drought treatment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pei, Z M -- Ghassemian, M -- Kwak, C M -- McCourt, P -- Schroeder, J I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Oct 9;282(5387):287-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology and Center for Molecular Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9765153" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abscisic Acid/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Alkyl and Aryl Transferases/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Anions ; Arabidopsis/cytology/genetics/*metabolism ; *Arabidopsis Proteins ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Farnesol/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Gene Deletion ; Gene Expression ; Genes, Plant ; Ion Channels/*metabolism ; Mutation ; Organophosphonates/pharmacology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/genetics/metabolism ; Plant Leaves/cytology/genetics/metabolism ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Polyenes/pharmacology ; Polyunsaturated Alkamides ; Protein Prenylation ; Signal Transduction ; Water/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 87
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    Hairy mice offer hope for baldness remedy (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-12-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Nov 27;282(5394):1617,1619.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9867657" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alopecia/therapy ; Animals ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Hair/*growth & development ; Hair Diseases/etiology ; Hair Follicle/*growth & development ; Humans ; Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1 ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Neoplasms/etiology ; *Trans-Activators ; Transcription Factors/genetics/physiology ; beta Catenin
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 88
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    Alopecia universalis associated with a mutation in the human hairless gene (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-02-21
    Description: There are several forms of hereditary human hair loss, known collectively as alopecias, the molecular bases of which are entirely unknown. A kindred with a rare, recessively inherited type of alopecia universalis was used to search for a locus by homozygosity mapping, and linkage was established in a 6-centimorgan interval on chromosome 8p12 (the logarithm of the odds favoring linkage score was 6.19). The human homolog of a murine gene, hairless, was localized in this interval by radiation hybrid mapping, and a missense mutation was found in affected individuals. Human hairless encodes a putative single zinc finger transcription factor protein with restricted expression in the brain and skin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ahmad, W -- Faiyaz ul Haque, M -- Brancolini, V -- Tsou, H C -- ul Haque, S -- Lam, H -- Aita, V M -- Owen, J -- deBlaquiere, M -- Frank, J -- Cserhalmi-Friedman, P B -- Leask, A -- McGrath, J A -- Peacocke, M -- Ahmad, M -- Ott, J -- Christiano, A M -- HG-00008/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P30AR44535/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jan 30;279(5351):720-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, 630 West 168 Street, VC-15-526, New York, NY 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9445480" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alopecia/*genetics ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Brain/metabolism ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8 ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Female ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; Gene Expression ; Genes, Recessive ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Hairless/genetics ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Proteins/chemistry/*genetics ; Rats ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Skin/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; *Zinc Fingers
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 89
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    Cloned mice provide company for Dolly (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-08-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jul 24;281(5376):495,497.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9705716" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cattle/embryology/*genetics ; *Cloning, Organism ; DNA/analysis ; DNA Fingerprinting ; Female ; Mice/embryology/*genetics ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Sheep/embryology/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 90
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    Requirement for gammadelta T cells in allergic airway inflammation (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-06-20
    Description: The factors that contribute to allergic asthma are unclear but the resulting condition is considered a consequence of a type-2 T helper (TH2) cell response. In a model of pulmonary allergic inflammation, mice that lacked gammadelta T cells had decreases in specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and IgG1 and pulmonary interleukin-5 (IL-5) release as well as in eosinophil and T cell infiltration compared with wild-type mice. These responses were restored by administration of IL-4 to gammadelta T cell-deficient mice during the primary immunization. Thus, gammadelta T cells are essential for inducing IL-4-dependent IgE and IgG1 responses and for TH2-mediated airway inflammation to peptidic antigens.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zuany-Amorim, C -- Ruffie, C -- Haile, S -- Vargaftig, B B -- Pereira, P -- Pretolani, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 May 22;280(5367):1265-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Unite de Pharmacologie Cellulaire, Unite Associee Institut Pasteur/INSERM U485, Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9596580" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Asthma/*immunology ; Bronchi/immunology ; Bronchial Hyperreactivity/immunology ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Crosses, Genetic ; Eosinophils/immunology ; Female ; Immunization ; Immunoglobulin E/blood ; Immunoglobulin G/blood ; Interferon-gamma/analysis/biosynthesis ; Interleukin-4/biosynthesis/immunology ; Interleukin-5/analysis/biosynthesis ; Lung/*immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Ovalbumin/immunology ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/*analysis ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology ; Th2 Cells/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 91
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    Requirement for the leukocyte-specific adapter protein SLP-76 for normal T cell development (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-07-17
    Description: The leukocyte-specific adapter molecule SLP-76 (Src homology 2 domain-containing leukocyte protein of 76 kilodaltons) is rapidly phosphorylated on tyrosine residues after receptor ligation in several hematopoietically derived cell types. Mice made deficient for SLP-76 expression contained no peripheral T cells as a result of an early block in thymopoiesis. Macrophage and natural killer cell compartments were intact in SLP-76-deficient mice, despite SLP-76 expression in these lineages in wild-type mice. Thus, the SLP-76 adapter protein is required for normal thymocyte development and plays a crucial role in translating signals mediated by pre-T cell receptors into distal biochemical events.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clements, J L -- Yang, B -- Ross-Barta, S E -- Eliason, S L -- Hrstka, R F -- Williamson, R A -- Koretzky, G A -- GM53256/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jul 17;281(5375):416-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9665885" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/cytology/immunology ; Gene Targeting ; Immunoglobulin M/blood ; Killer Cells, Natural/cytology ; *Leukopoiesis ; Lymph Nodes/cytology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocyte Count ; Macrophages/cytology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Phosphoproteins/genetics/*physiology ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Spleen/cytology ; T-Lymphocytes/*cytology ; Thymus Gland/cytology ; ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase
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  • 92
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    Pioneer axon guidance by UNC-129, a C. elegans TGF-beta (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-07-31
    Description: The unc-129 gene, like the unc-6 netrin gene, is required to guide pioneer motoraxons along the dorsoventral axis of Caenorhabditis elegans. unc-129 encodes a member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily of secreted signaling molecules and is expressed in dorsal, but not ventral, rows of body wall muscles. Ectopic expression of UNC-129 from ventral body wall muscle disrupts growth cone and cell migrations that normally occur along the dorsoventral axis. Thus, UNC-129 mediates expression of dorsoventral polarity information required for axon guidance and guided cell migrations in C. elegans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Colavita, A -- Krishna, S -- Zheng, H -- Padgett, R W -- Culotti, J G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jul 31;281(5377):706-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9685266" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Axons/*physiology ; Body Patterning ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics/growth & development/*physiology ; *Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins ; Cell Movement ; Gene Expression ; Helminth Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Motor Neurons/physiology ; Muscles/*metabolism ; *Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; *Receptors, Cell Surface ; Receptors, Growth Factor/genetics/physiology ; Sequence Deletion ; Signal Transduction ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 93
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    Extended life-span and stress resistance in the Drosophila mutant methuselah (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-10-30
    Description: Toward a genetic dissection of the processes involved in aging, a screen for gene mutations that extend life-span in Drosophila melanogaster was performed. The mutant line methuselah (mth) displayed approximately 35 percent increase in average life-span and enhanced resistance to various forms of stress, including starvation, high temperature, and dietary paraquat, a free-radical generator. The mth gene predicted a protein with homology to several guanosine triphosphate-binding protein-coupled seven-transmembrane domain receptors. Thus, the organism may use signal transduction pathways to modulate stress response and life-span.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lin, Y J -- Seroude, L -- Benzer, S -- AG12289/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- EY09278/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Oct 30;282(5390):943-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9794765" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA Transposable Elements ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics/*physiology ; Female ; Food Deprivation ; GTP-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism/physiology ; *Genes, Insect ; Hot Temperature ; Insecticide Resistance ; Longevity/genetics ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Oxidative Stress ; Paraquat/pharmacology ; Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism/physiology ; *Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 94
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    Identification of LFA-1 as a candidate autoantigen in treatment-resistant Lyme arthritis (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-07-31
    Description: Treatment-resistant Lyme arthritis is associated with immune reactivity to outer surface protein A (OspA) of Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme disease, and the major histocompatibility complex class II allele DRB1*0401. The immunodominant epitope of OspA for T helper cells was identified. A homology search revealed a peptide from human leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (hLFA-1) as a candidate autoantigen. Individuals with treatment-resistant Lyme arthritis, but not other forms of arthritis, generated responses to OspA, hLFA-1, and their highly related peptide epitopes. Identification of the initiating bacterial antigen and a cross-reactive autoantigen may provide a model for development of autoimmune disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gross, D M -- Forsthuber, T -- Tary-Lehmann, M -- Etling, C -- Ito, K -- Nagy, Z A -- Field, J A -- Steere, A C -- Huber, B T -- R01 AR20358/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jul 31;281(5377):703-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111 USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9685265" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Algorithms ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigen Presentation ; Antigens, Surface/immunology/metabolism ; Arthritis, Reactive/drug therapy/*immunology ; Autoantigens/*immunology ; Autoimmune Diseases/*immunology ; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/immunology/metabolism ; Bacterial Vaccines ; Borrelia burgdorferi Group/immunology ; Child ; Cross Reactions ; Female ; HLA-DR Antigens/genetics/immunology/metabolism ; HLA-DRB1 Chains ; Humans ; Immunodominant Epitopes ; *Lipoproteins ; Lyme Disease/drug therapy/*immunology ; Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1/chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Synovial Fluid/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 95
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    Meeting. Society for Developmental Biology. How embryos shape up (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-08-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Strauss, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jul 10;281(5374):166-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9687275" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Body Patterning ; *Drosophila Proteins ; *Embryonic Development ; Embryonic Induction ; Endoderm/cytology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Heart/*embryology ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Mesoderm/cytology ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Spindle Apparatus/physiology ; Transcription Factors ; Wnt1 Protein
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  • 96
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    A possible new approach to combating Staph infections (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-05-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Strauss, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Apr 17;280(5362):379.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9575082" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Bacterial/biosynthesis ; Bacterial Proteins/*antagonists & ; inhibitors/genetics/*immunology/metabolism/*therapeutic use ; Bacterial Toxins/biosynthesis ; *Bacterial Vaccines ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Humans ; Mice ; Oligopeptides/metabolism/*therapeutic use ; RNA, Antisense/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; RNA, Bacterial/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Staphylococcal Skin Infections/*drug therapy/microbiology/*prevention & control ; Staphylococcus aureus/genetics/metabolism/*pathogenicity ; Vaccination ; Virulence
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  • 97
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    The future of long life (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-10-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Strout, J J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 11;281(5383):1613; author reply 1613-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9767026" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Forecasting ; Humans ; Life Expectancy/*trends ; Longevity ; Male ; Mortality/*trends
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
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    Getting a handle on the molecules that guide axons (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-02-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Strauss, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jan 23;279(5350):481-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9454347" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/*physiology ; Brain/embryology/physiology ; Drosophila/embryology/genetics ; Embryo, Mammalian/*physiology ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/*physiology ; Genes, Insect ; Insect Proteins/physiology ; Membrane Proteins/*physiology ; Nerve Growth Factors/*physiology ; Nervous System/embryology ; Neurons/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    Troubling matters (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-01-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tessman, I -- Tessman, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Oct 24;278(5338):561.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9381159" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chronic Disease ; Female ; Humans ; Infertility, Female/therapy ; *Mental Healing ; Pain Management ; Psychophysiology ; *Relaxation Therapy ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/therapy
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    Color vision, genetics, and computers? (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-02-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Altschuler, E L -- Lades, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Oct 31;278(5339):788.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9381185" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Color Vision Defects/*genetics/therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Retinal Pigments/genetics ; *Software
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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