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  • 1
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    Axonal swellings and degeneration in mice lacking the major proteolipid of myelin (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-06-11
    Description: Glial cells produce myelin and contribute to axonal morphology in the nervous system. Two myelin membrane proteolipids, PLP and DM20, were shown to be essential for the integrity of myelinated axons. In the absence of PLP-DM20, mice assembled compact myelin sheaths but subsequently developed widespread axonal swellings and degeneration, associated predominantly with small-caliber nerve fibers. Similar swellings were absent in dysmyelinated shiverer mice, which lack myelin basic protein (MBP), but recurred in MBP*PLP double mutants. Thus, fiber degeneration, which was probably secondary to impaired axonal transport, could indicate that myelinated axons require local oligodendroglial support.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Griffiths, I -- Klugmann, M -- Anderson, T -- Yool, D -- Thomson, C -- Schwab, M H -- Schneider, A -- Zimmermann, F -- McCulloch, M -- Nadon, N -- Nave, K A -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jun 5;280(5369):1610-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Applied Neurobiology Group, Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9616125" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axonal Transport ; Axons/*physiology/*ultrastructure ; Cell Communication ; Central Nervous System/*ultrastructure ; Female ; Mice ; Mice, Neurologic Mutants ; Models, Neurological ; Motor Activity ; Myelin Proteolipid Protein/analysis/genetics/*physiology ; Myelin Sheath/chemistry/physiology/ultrastructure ; Nerve Degeneration/*pathology ; *Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Oligodendroglia/physiology ; Optic Nerve/ultrastructure ; Organelles/ultrastructure ; Spinal Cord/ultrastructure ; Transgenes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    [ASAP] The Structure of the Bifunctional Everninomicin Biosynthetic Enzyme EvdMO1 Suggests Independent Activity of the Fused Methyltransferase-Oxidase Domains (2018)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-12-08
    Description: Biochemistry DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00836
    Print ISSN: 0006-2960
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-4995
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 3
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    Phosphorus in cold-water corals as a proxy for seawater nutrient chemistry (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-06-24
    Description: Phosphorus is a key macronutrient being strongly enriched in the deep ocean as a result of continuous export and remineralization of biomass from primary production. We show that phosphorus incorporated within the skeletons of the cosmopolitan cold-water coral Desmophyllum dianthus is directly proportional to the ambient seawater phosphorus concentration and thus may serve as a paleo-oceanographic proxy for variations in ocean productivity as well as changes in the residence times and sources of deep-water masses. The application of this tool to fossil specimens from the Mediterranean reveals phosphorus-enriched bottom waters at the end of the Younger Dryas period.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Montagna, Paolo -- McCulloch, Malcolm -- Taviani, Marco -- Mazzoli, Claudio -- Vendrell, Begona -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 23;312(5781):1788-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Istituto Centrale per la Ricerca Scientifica e Technologica Applicata al Mare (ICRAM), Via di Casalotti 300, 00166, Rome, Italy. p.montagna@icram.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16794077" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthozoa/*chemistry/metabolism ; Calcification, Physiologic ; Calcium/analysis ; Fossils ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; Mediterranean Sea ; Oceans and Seas ; Pacific Ocean ; Phosphorus/*analysis ; Seawater/*chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Multiple spectral inputs improve motion discrimination in the Drosophila visual system (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-19
    Description: Color and motion information are thought to be channeled through separate neural pathways, but it remains unclear whether and how these pathways interact to improve motion perception. In insects, such as Drosophila, it has long been believed that motion information is fed exclusively by one spectral class of photoreceptor, so-called R1 to R6 cells; whereas R7 and R8 photoreceptors, which exist in multiple spectral classes, subserve color vision. Here, we report that R7 and R8 also contribute to the motion pathway. By using electrophysiological, optical, and behavioral assays, we found that R7/R8 information converge with and shape the motion pathway output, explaining flies' broadly tuned optomotor behavior by its composite responses. Our results demonstrate that inputs from photoreceptors of different spectral sensitivities improve motion discrimination, increasing robustness of perception.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wardill, Trevor J -- List, Olivier -- Li, Xiaofeng -- Dongre, Sidhartha -- McCulloch, Marie -- Ting, Chun-Yuan -- O'Kane, Cahir J -- Tang, Shiming -- Lee, Chi-Hon -- Hardie, Roger C -- Juusola, Mikko -- BB/D007585/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/F012071/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/G006865/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/H013849/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 18;336(6083):925-31. doi: 10.1126/science.1215317.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22605779" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Color Vision ; Drosophila Proteins ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/*physiology ; Flight, Animal ; Gap Junctions/physiology ; Genes, Insect ; Light ; Models, Neurological ; *Motion Perception ; Mutation ; Neurons/physiology ; Opsins/metabolism ; Optic Lobe, Nonmammalian/cytology/physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Transgenes ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Visual Pathways
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Gut microbiome-mediated bile acid metabolism regulates liver cancer via NKT cells (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-25
    Description: Primary liver tumors and liver metastasis currently represent the leading cause of cancer-related death. Commensal bacteria are important regulators of antitumor immunity, and although the liver is exposed to gut bacteria, their role in antitumor surveillance of liver tumors is poorly understood. We found that altering commensal gut bacteria in mice induced a liver-selective antitumor effect, with an increase of hepatic CXCR6 + natural killer T (NKT) cells and heightened interferon- production upon antigen stimulation. In vivo functional studies showed that NKT cells mediated liver-selective tumor inhibition. NKT cell accumulation was regulated by CXCL16 expression of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, which was controlled by gut microbiome-mediated primary-to-secondary bile acid conversion. Our study suggests a link between gut bacteria–controlled bile acid metabolism and liver antitumor immunosurveillance.
    Keywords: Immunology, Online Only
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Coral calcifying fluid pH dictates response to ocean acidification (2014)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-07
    Description: Ocean acidification driven by rising levels of CO2 impairs calcification, threatening coral reef growth. Predicting how corals respond to CO2 requires a better understanding of how calcification is controlled. Here we show how spatial variations in the pH of the internal calcifying fluid (pHcf) in coral (Stylophora pistillata) colonies correlates with differential sensitivity of calcification to acidification. Coral apexes had the highest pHcf and experienced the smallest changes in pHcf in response to acidification. Lateral growth was associated with lower pHcf and greater changes with acidification. Calcification showed a pattern similar to pHcf, with lateral growth being more strongly affected by acidification than apical. Regulation of pHcf is therefore spatially variable within a coral and critical to determining the sensitivity of calcification to ocean acidification. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep05207
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 7
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    Compendium of SEA-ROVER Long Sections in the North Atlantic 1981-87 (1995)
    In:  EPIC3Internal Report 1, Oceanography Laboratories, University of Liverpool, 101 p.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , notRev
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Timing and exhumation of eclogite facies shear zones, Musgrave Block, central Australia (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Journal of metamorphic geology 15 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Timing constraints on shear zones can provide an insight into the kinematic and exhumation evolution of metamorphic belts. In the Musgrave Block, central Australia, granulite facies gneisses have been affected, to varying degrees, by mylonitic deformation, some of which attained eclogite facies. The Davenport Shear Zone is a dominant strike-slip system that formed at eclogite facies conditions (T ≈650 °C and P≈12.0 kbar). Sm–Nd mineral isochrons obtained from equilibrated high-pressure assemblages, as well as 40Ar–39Ar data, show that the eclogite and greenschist facies high-strain overprints were coeval, at c. 550 Ma. Mylonitic processes do not appear to have reset the U–Pb system in zircon, but may have partially disturbed it. The thermal gradient in the Musgrave Block crust at c. 550 Ma was c. 16 °C km−1 and at c. 535 Ma was c. 18 °C km−1, based on P–T  estimates of eclogite and greenschist facies shear zones, respectively. These estimates are similar to present-day geothermal gradients in many stable continental shield areas, suggesting that the region did not undergo a significant transient perturbation of the geotherm. Therefore, in the Musgrave Block, cooling subsequent to eclogite facies metamorphism appears to have been controlled by exhumation, rather than by the removal of a heat source. Estimated exhumation rates in the range 0.2 to ≥1.5 mm year−1 are comparable with other orogenic belts, rather than cratonic areas elsewhere.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.1997.00053.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Rayner Complex of East Antarctica: complex isotopic systematics within a Proterozoic mobile belt (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of metamorphic geology 5 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract New isotopic (Rb–Sr, U–Pb zircon and Sm–Nd) and petrological data are presented for part of an extensive Proterozoic mobile belt (locally known as the Rayner Complex) in East Antarctica. Much of the belt is the product of Mid-Proterozoic (∼ 1800–2000 Ma) juvenile crustal formation. Melting of this crust at about 1500 Ma ago produced the felsic magmas from which the dominant orthogneisses of this terrain were subsequently derived. Deformation and transitional granulite-amphibolite facies conditions (which peaked at 750 ± 50°C and 7–8 kbar (0.7–0.8 GPa) produced open to tight folding about E–W axes and syn-tectonic granitoids about 960 Ma ago. Subsequent felsic magmatism occurred at about 770 Ma and not, as has been widely advocated, at 500–550 Ma, which appears to have been a time of widespread upper greenschist facies (400–500°C) metamorphism, localized shearing and faulting.Sm-Nd model ages of 1.65–2.18 Ga disprove a previously favoured hypothesis that the Rayner Complex mostly represents reworked Archaean rocks from the neighbouring craton (Napier Complex). Models that involve rehydration of the Napier Complex are no longer required, since the Rayner Complex was its own source of water. Two episodes of Proterozoic crustal growth are identified, the later of which occurred between about 1200 Ma and 1000 Ma, and was relatively minor. Sedimentation took place only shortly before Late Proterozoic orogenesis.The multiphase history of the Rayner Complex has resulted in complex isotopic behaviour. Three temporally discrete episodes of Pb loss from zircon have been identified, the earliest two of which are responses to the c. 960 Ma and 540 Ma tectonothermal events. Fluid leaching was operative during the later event for there is a good correlation between degree of isotopic discordance and secondary mineral growth. Pb loss during the high-grade event was probably governed by the same process or by lattice annealing. Some zircon suites also document recent Pb loss. Most lower concordia intercepts have no direct geological meaning and are explicable as mixed ages produced by incomplete Pb loss during two or more secondary events. Whereas all zircon separates from the orthogneisses produce U–Pb isotopic alignments, zircons from the only analysed paragneiss produce scattered data, in part reflecting a range of provenance. The 960 Ma event was also associated with the growth of a characteristically low U zircon (∼ 300 μg/g) in rocks of inferred high Zr content.There is ubiquitous evidence for the resetting of Rb–Sr total-rock isochrons. Even samples separated by up to 10 km fail to produce igneous crystallization ages. Minor mineralogical changes produced by the 540 Ma upper greenschist-facies metamorphism were sufficient to almost completely reset some Rb–Sr isochrons and to produce open system conditions on outcrop scale, at least in one location.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.1987.tb00366.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ancient seafloor signals in Pitcairn Island lavas and evidence for large amplitude, small length-scale mantle heterogeneities
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Earth and Planetary Science Letters 94 (1989), S. 257-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 0012-821X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0012-821X(89)90145-3
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