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  • 1
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    Dual modes of aging in Mediterranean fruit fly females (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-08-14
    Description: The life history of medflies is characterized by two physiological modes with different demographic schedules of fertility and survival: a waiting mode in which both mortality and reproduction are low and a reproductive mode in which mortality is very low at the onset of egg laying but accelerates as eggs are laid. Medflies stay in waiting mode when they are fed only sugar. When fed protein, a scarce resource in the wild, medflies switch to reproductive mode. Medflies that switch from waiting to reproductive mode survive longer than medflies kept in either mode exclusively. An understanding of the physiological shift that occurs between the waiting and reproductive modes may yield information about the fundamental processes that determine longevity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carey, J R -- Liedo, P -- Muller, H G -- Wang, J L -- Vaupel, J W -- AG-08761/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Aug 14;281(5379):996-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. jrcarey@ucdavis.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9703516" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/*physiology ; Animals ; Dietary Proteins ; Drosophila ; Female ; Longevity ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Reproduction/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Slowing of mortality rates at older ages in large medfly cohorts (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-10-16
    Description: It is generally assumed for most species that mortality rates increase monotonically at advanced ages. Mortality rates were found to level off and decrease at older ages in a population of 1.2 million medflies maintained in cages of 7,200 and in a group of approximately 48,000 adults maintained in solitary confinement. Thus, life expectancy in older individuals increased rather than decreased with age. These results cast doubt on several central concepts in gerontology and the biology of aging: (i) that senescence can be characterized by an increase in age-specific mortality, (ii) that the basic pattern of mortality in nearly all species follows the same unitary pattern at older ages, and (iii) that species have absolute life-span limits.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carey, J R -- Liedo, P -- Orozco, D -- Vaupel, J W -- AG08761-01/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Oct 16;258(5081):457-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis 95616.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1411540" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Animals ; Diptera/*physiology ; Life Expectancy ; Mortality
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Establishment of the Mediterranean fruit fly in California (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-09-20
    Description: Principles of invasion biology are brought to bear on the question of whether the medfly is established in California. Since its first discovery in 1975, the pest has been captured in the Los Angeles Basin in nine separate years including every year from 1986 through 1990. The trend has become distinct--the intervals between captures are decreasing, the numbers captured are increasing, and the area over which they are detected is expanding. In addition, appearances are seasonal and captures in recent years have occurred in many of the same cities and neighborhoods where medflies were found several years before. Evidence suggests that the medfly may be established in the Los Angeles area and that previous eradication programs did not eradicate the medfly from California. It follows that detection, exclusion, and eradication protocols may need to be reexamined.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carey, J R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Sep 20;253(5026):1369-73.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis 95616.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1896848" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; California ; *Diptera/physiology ; Los Angeles ; Models, Biological ; *Pest Control ; Population Growth ; Seasons
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Biodemographic trajectories of longevity (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-05-23
    Description: Old-age survival has increased substantially since 1950. Death rates decelerate with age for insects, worms, and yeast, as well as humans. This evidence of extended postreproductive survival is puzzling. Three biodemographic insights--concerning the correlation of death rates across age, individual differences in survival chances, and induced alterations in age patterns of fertility and mortality--offer clues and suggest research on the failure of complicated systems, on new demographic equations for evolutionary theory, and on fertility-longevity interactions. Nongenetic changes account for increases in human life-spans to date. Explication of these causes and the genetic license for extended survival, as well as discovery of genes and other survival attributes affecting longevity, will lead to even longer lives.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vaupel, J W -- Carey, J R -- Christensen, K -- Johnson, T E -- Yashin, A I -- Holm, N V -- Iachine, I A -- Kannisto, V -- Khazaeli, A A -- Liedo, P -- Longo, V D -- Zeng, Y -- Manton, K G -- Curtsinger, J W -- AG08761/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 May 8;280(5365):855-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany. jwv@demogr.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9599158" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Animals ; Developed Countries ; Female ; Fertility ; Genes ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; *Longevity ; Male ; Models, Statistical ; *Mortality
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Aging. It's never too late (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-09-23
    Description: When organisms as diverse as yeast and rodents are subjected to a restricted diet, they live longer. The good news is, according to Vaupel, Carey, and Christensen in their Perspective, that switching to a restricted diet at any age can yield the benefit of increased longevity--at least in flies (Mair et al.).〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2611955/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2611955/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vaupel, James W -- Carey, James R -- Christensen, Kaare -- AG-08761/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG008761/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG008761-130003/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Sep 19;301(5640):1679-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Strasse 1, D-18057 Rostock, Germany. jwv@demogr.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14500969" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; *Aging ; Animals ; *Caloric Restriction ; Demography ; *Diet ; Drosophila/*physiology ; Female ; Humans ; *Longevity ; Male ; Mortality ; Reproduction ; Risk ; Rodentia ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Compositional interpretations of medfly mortality (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-06-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vaupel, J W -- Carey, J R -- AG08761/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Jun 11;260(5114):1666-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8503016" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/physiology ; Animals ; Diptera/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; Mortality
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Rates of mortality in populations of Caenorhabditis elegans (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-11-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, J L -- Muller, H G -- Capra, W B -- Carey, J R -- AG08761-01/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Nov 4;266(5186):827-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7973642" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics/*physiology ; Cohort Studies ; Genotype ; Longevity ; Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; Mortality
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Induced resistance of cotton seedlings to mites (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-07-06
    Description: Mite populations grew more rapidly on new growth of cotton seedlings that had never been exposed to mites than on new growth of plants whose cotyledons had been previously exposed to them. Experiments in which a second mite introduction on the exposed plants involved a different mite species produced this same result. The substance or substances responsible for the response are transported systemically among leaves of cotton seedlings.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Karban, R -- Carey, J R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jul 6;225(4657):53-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17775661" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Male demographic constraints to extreme sex ratio in the twospotted spider mite (1990)
    Springer
    Oecologia 82 (1990), S. 417-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Sex ratio ; Twospotted spider mite ; Demography ; Male reproduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Twospotted spider mites, Tetranychus urticae Koch are arrhenotokous. As a result of this genetic structure, primary and secondary sex ratios diverge from the 1:1 female:male ratio commonly found in diploid systems. Ratios vary, but 3:1 is the most common. The influence of life history parameters on spider mite sex ratio is unclear, although maternal genetic effects, resource quality and maternal age are known to play a role. An area that has not been studied is the relationship between male reproductive capabilities and spider mite sex ratio. A prior study on male reproduction in spider mites suggests that males have far too high a reproductive capacity to explain sex ratio patterns, but that study was not conducted under realistic mating conditions. Thus, this study was conducted to determine if there is a link between male reproduction and spider mite sex ratio. This was done by exposing males to various exposure regimes of females and recording the number of copulations, inseminations and daughters fathered by each male. Results include the following: i) males are most virile when one day old; ii) virgin males become nearly completely devoid of sperm (or other copulatory products) after about 15 matings and then take about four days to recover; and iii) the optimal number of matings per day (defined as that which produces the greatest number of daughters in the least number of inseminations) is four females per day. The principle conclusion is that although males have a high potential reproductive output, insemination quality is only high for the first four or five matings each day. Therefore, to ensure full inseminations of all daughters by sons, females are constrained to producing primary sex ratios of about 5:1 or less.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317492
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Demography of the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (1982)
    Springer
    Oecologia 52 (1982), S. 389-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A simple life table model was constructed for Tetranychus urticae in which daily survivorship of eggs and motil stages, fecundity, and development time was altered to assess the impact of each parameter on the intrinsic rate of increase. r. Interpretation of the trade-offs focused on management considerations. A second aspect of the study concerned age and stage structure in mite populations including the time path of convergence to a stable age distribution and the effect of changes in birth and death rates on the age profile. The stable stage distributions of 7 tetranychid mite species were computed using 25 separate life tables. In spite of the wide range of r-values induced by different experimental conditions, all of the stage distributions were quite similar averaging roughly 66% eggs, 26% immatures, and 8% adults. Several population studies were cited which reported stage distributions of growing mite populations. The empirical evidence suggested that natural mite populations are often quite near this stable distribution. A practical problem involving the extent to which hormoligosis (insecticide stimulation) affects mite population growth rate was addressed using the life table model and laboratory data from controlled studies. The findings suggested that mite populations treated with insecticide may attain a 1.4- to a 4.2-fold difference in population size relative to an untreated population after 2 generations and over a 1,300-fold potential difference after 10 generations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00367964
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