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  • 1
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    Mismatch repair co-opted by hypermutation (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-03-21
    Description: Mice homozygous for a disrupted allele of the mismatch repair gene Pms2 have a mutator phenotype. When this allele is crossed into quasi-monoclonal (QM) mice, which have a very limited B cell repertoire, homozygotes have fewer somatic mutations at the immunoglobulin heavy chain and lambda chain loci than do heterozygotes or wild-type QM mice. That is, mismatch repair seems to contribute to somatic hypermutation rather than stifling it. It is suggested that at immunoglobulin loci in hypermutable B cells, mismatched base pairs are "corrected" according to the newly synthesized DNA strand, thereby fixing incipient mutations instead of eliminating them.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cascalho, M -- Wong, J -- Steinberg, C -- Wabl, M -- 1R01 GM37699/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Feb 20;279(5354):1207-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0670, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9469811" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adenosine Triphosphatases ; Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Base Composition ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Crosses, Genetic ; *DNA Repair ; *DNA Repair Enzymes ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Female ; Gene Rearrangement ; *Genes, Immunoglobulin ; Heterozygote ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/chemistry/genetics ; Immunoglobulin Variable Region/chemistry/*genetics ; Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains/chemistry/genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Proteins/*genetics/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    A quasi-monoclonal mouse (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-06-14
    Description: As a model for studying the generation of antibody diversity, a gene-targeted mouse was produced that is hemizygous for a rearranged V(D)J segment at the immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain locus, the other allele being nonfunctional. The mouse also has no functional kappa light chain allele. The heavy chain, when paired with any lambda light chain, is specific for the hapten (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl) acetyl (NP). The primary repertoire of this quasi-monoclonal mouse is monospecific, but somatic hypermutation and secondary rearrangements change the specificity of 20 percent of the antigen receptors on B cells. The serum concentrations of the Ig isotypes are similar to those in nontransgenic littermates, but less than half of the serum IgM binds to NP, and none of the other isotypes do. Thus, neither network interactions nor random activation of a small fraction of the B cell population can account for serum Ig concentrations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cascalho, M -- Ma, A -- Lee, S -- Masat, L -- Wabl, M -- 1R01 GM37699/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P60 AR20684/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jun 14;272(5268):1649-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0670, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8658139" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*genetics/immunology ; *Antigens, CD ; Antigens, CD43 ; Antigens, CD45/immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/cytology/immunology ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Dna ; Flow Cytometry ; Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Heavy Chain ; Haptens/immunology ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/*genetics/immunology ; Immunoglobulin Isotypes/genetics ; Immunoglobulin J-Chains/genetics ; Immunoglobulin Light Chains/genetics/immunology ; Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout/genetics/*immunology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nitrophenols/immunology ; Phenylacetates ; Recombinant Proteins/genetics/immunology ; Sialoglycoproteins/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Overbuilding: overhead revisions (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-11-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wabl, Matthias -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Nov 19;330(6007):1045-7. doi: 10.1126/science.330.6007.1045-c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21097917" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/*economics ; *Financing, Government ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mapping of the SWAP70 gene to mouse Chromosome 7 and human Chromosome 11p15 (2000)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 51 (2000), S. 16-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Keywords: Key words B lymphocytes ; Activation ; Heavy-chain class switch ; B-cell receptor ; Signalling protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The protein SWAP-70 was isolated as part of a DNA recombination complex in B lymphocytes, where it is predominantly expressed. In resting B cells, SWAP-70 is found in the cytoplasm; upon B-cell activation, it is transported both into the nucleus and to the cell membrane, where it is associated with the B-cell receptor complex and may play a role in signal transduction. In the nucleus, its involvement in heavy-chain class switch recombination has been suggested. In this report, using restriction fragment length polymorphism, simple sequence length polymorphism, and fluorescence in situ hybridization, we map the chromosomal localization of the mouse and the human genes to syntenic regions of mouse mid Chromosome (Chr) 7 and human Chr 11p15.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050003
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhancers of hypermutation (1996)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 45 (1996), S. 59-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Hypermutation at the immunoglobulin (Ig) loci increases the mutation rate more than 105-fold over the normal, spontaneous rate. We studied two kinds of cis-acting elements – 3′ enhancers and promoters – in a system in which a gene encoding the μ heavy (H) chain (Igm) is transfected in vitro into a cell line with an active Ig mutator. A construct containing a rearranged Igm gene requires the 3′H enhancer for hypermutation at a rate comparable with the one at the endogenous gene segment encoding the H chain variable region (V). Without the 3′ enhancer, the basal mutational activity is much lower, but still higher than the normal, spontaneous mutation rate. Replacement of the 3′H enhancer by atopic elements of similar function also supports full hypermutation. Even though these 3′ elements are defined as transcriptional enhancers, they do not seem to increase hypermutation via an increase in the rate of transcription. Replacement of the endogenous promoter by the tk promoter slightly increases hypermutability of the construct; thus, no specific sequences in the Ig promoter are likely to target hypermutation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050167
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunoglobulin Class Switch Recombination (1993)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Immunology 11 (1993), S. 361-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 0732-0582
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.iy.11.040193.002045
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antibody patterns in genetically identical frogs (1976)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 264 (1976), S. 642-644 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Crosses of X. laevis (L) with X. gilli (G) yield female (LG) offspring which lay diploid eggs, the genome of which is identical to that of the mothers. The gynogenetic development (that from the female pronucleus alone) of these eggs gives rise to individuals which are genetically identical; that ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/264642a0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Possible target of Abelson virus phosphokinase in cell transformation (1986)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 1036-1038 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Abelson virus ; centromere ; chromosome condensation ; premature chromosome condensation ; transformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary By fusing interphase cells to cells undergoing mitosis, the interphase chromosomes can be visualized. When analyzed in this way, chromosomes of normal mouse cells show characteristic undercondensed centromeric regions. We have found that the centromeric regions of chromosomes from Abelson virus-transformed cells are fully condensed. Abelson virus transforms mouse cells by introducing into them a virally encoded phosphokinase that is expressed constitutively. Thus, we propose that the condensation of centromeric chromatin is a result of overphosphorylation by the Abelson virus phosphokinase, and that the centromeric region is the relevant target of overphosphorylation in transformed cell growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01940721
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  • 9
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    Immunoglobulin heavy chain toxicity in plasma cells is neutralized by fusion to pre-B cells. (1984)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 10
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    Activation of an oncogenic microRNA cistron by provirus integration (2006)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-11-22
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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