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  • 1
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    An area specialized for spatial working memory in human frontal cortex (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-03-21
    Description: Working memory is the process of maintaining an active representation of information so that it is available for use. In monkeys, a prefrontal cortical region important for spatial working memory lies in and around the principal sulcus, but in humans the location, and even the existence, of a region for spatial working memory is in dispute. By using functional magnetic resonance imaging in humans, an area in the superior frontal sulcus was identified that is specialized for spatial working memory. This area is located more superiorly and posteriorly in the human than in the monkey brain, which may explain why it was not recognized previously.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Courtney, S M -- Petit, L -- Maisog, J M -- Ungerleider, L G -- Haxby, J V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Feb 27;279(5355):1347-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, Building 10, Room 4C104, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1366, USA. Susan_Courtney@nih.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9478894" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Brain Mapping ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; *Memory, Short-Term ; Prefrontal Cortex/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Psychomotor Performance ; Saccades ; *Space Perception
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Complementary neural mechanisms for tracking items in human working memory (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-01-29
    Description: Recognition of a specific visual target among equally familiar distracters requires neural mechanisms for tracking items in working memory. Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed evidence for two such mechanisms: (i) Enhanced neural responses, primarily in the frontal cortex, were associated with the target and were maintained across repetitions of the target. (ii) Reduced responses, primarily in the extrastriate visual cortex, were associated with stimulus repetition, regardless of whether the stimulus was a target or a distracter. These complementary neural mechanisms track the status of familiar items in working memory, allowing for the efficient recognition of a currently relevant object and rejection of irrelevant distracters.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jiang, Y -- Haxby, J V -- Martin, A -- Ungerleider, L G -- Parasuraman, R -- AG07569/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jan 28;287(5453):643-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1366, USA. yjiang@codon.nih.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10649996" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cerebral Cortex/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Face ; Frontal Lobe/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Memory/*physiology ; Regression Analysis ; Visual Cortex/anatomy & histology/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Mechanisms of directed attention in the human extrastriate cortex as revealed by functional MRI (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-10-02
    Description: A typical scene contains many different objects, but the capacity of the visual system to process multiple stimuli at a given time is limited. Thus, attentional mechanisms are required to select relevant objects from among the many objects competing for visual processing. Evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in humans showed that when multiple stimuli are present simultaneously in the visual field, their cortical representations within the object recognition pathway interact in a competitive, suppressive fashion. Directing attention to one of the stimuli counteracts the suppressive influence of nearby stimuli. This mechanism may serve to filter out irrelevant information in cluttered visual scenes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kastner, S -- De Weerd, P -- Desimone, R -- Ungerleider, L G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Oct 2;282(5386):108-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Brain & Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Building 49, Room 1B80, Bethesda, MD 20892-4415, USA. sabine@ln.nimh.nih.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9756472" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Attention/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Fixation, Ocular ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Neurons/physiology ; Photic Stimulation ; Visual Cortex/*physiology ; Visual Fields ; Visual Pathways/physiology ; Visual Perception/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Functional brain imaging studies of cortical mechanisms for memory (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-03
    Description: Recent functional brain imaging studies in humans indicate that learning and memory involve many of the same regions of the cortex that process sensory information and control motor output. The forms of perceptual and motor learning that can occur without conscious recollection are mediated in part by contractions and expansions of representations in the sensory and motor cortex. The same regions are also engaged during the conscious storage and retrieval of facts and events, but these types of memory also bring into play structures involved in the active maintenance of memories "on line" and in the establishment of associative links between the information stored in different sensory areas. Although the picture of memory that is emerging from functional imaging studies is consistent with current physiological accounts, there are puzzles and surprises that will be solved only through a combination of human and animal studies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ungerleider, L G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 3;270(5237):769-75.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Psychology and Psychopathology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7481764" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/anatomy & histology/*physiology/radiography ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Learning ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Memory/*physiology ; Motor Cortex/physiology ; Motor Skills ; Parietal Lobe/physiology ; Prefrontal Cortex/anatomy & histology/*physiology/radionuclide imaging ; Psychomotor Performance ; Temporal Lobe/physiology ; Tomography, Emission-Computed ; Visual Cortex/anatomy & histology/*physiology/radionuclide imaging ; Visual Perception
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Age-related reductions in human recognition memory due to impaired encoding (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-07-14
    Description: The participation of the medial temporal cortex and other cerebral structures in the memory impairment that accompanies aging was examined by means of positron emission tomography. Cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured during encoding and recognition of faces. Young people showed increased rCBF in the right hippocampus and the left prefrontal and temporal cortices during encoding and in the right prefrontal and parietal cortex during recognition. Old people showed no significant activation in areas activated during encoding in young people but did show right prefrontal activation during recognition. Age-related impairments of memory may be due to a failure to encode the stimuli adequately, which is reflected in the lack of cortical and hippocampal activation during encoding.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grady, C L -- McIntosh, A R -- Horwitz, B -- Maisog, J M -- Ungerleider, L G -- Mentis, M J -- Pietrini, P -- Schapiro, M B -- Haxby, J V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jul 14;269(5221):218-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Brain Aging and Dementia Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7618082" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Aging/*physiology ; Cerebral Cortex/blood supply/*physiology/radionuclide imaging ; Female ; Hippocampus/blood supply/*physiology/radionuclide imaging ; Humans ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Nerve Net/physiology ; Occipital Lobe/blood supply/physiology/radionuclide imaging ; Parietal Lobe/blood supply/physiology/radionuclide imaging ; Prefrontal Cortex/blood supply/physiology/radionuclide imaging ; Regional Blood Flow ; Tomography, Emission-Computed
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Discrete cortical regions associated with knowledge of color and knowledge of action (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-10-06
    Description: The areas of the brain that mediate knowledge about objects were investigated by measuring changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) using positron emission tomography (PET). Subjects generated words denoting colors and actions associated with static, achromatic line drawings of objects in one experiment, and with the written names of objects in a second experiment. In both studies, generation of color words selectively activated a region in the ventral temporal lobe just anterior to the area involved in the perception of color, whereas generation of action words activated a region in the middle temporal gyrus just anterior to the area involved in the perception of motion. These data suggest that object knowledge is organized as a distributed system in which the attributes of an object are stored close to the regions of the cortex that mediate perception of those attributes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Martin, A -- Haxby, J V -- Lalonde, F M -- Wiggs, C L -- Ungerleider, L G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Oct 6;270(5233):102-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Psychology and Psychopathology, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1366, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569934" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Cerebral Cortex/blood supply/*physiology ; *Cognition ; *Color Perception ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/blood supply/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; *Motion Perception ; Regional Blood Flow ; Temporal Lobe/blood supply/*physiology ; Tomography, Emission-Computed
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A general mechanism for perceptual decision-making in the human brain (2004)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 431 (2004), S. 859-862 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Findings from single-cell recording studies suggest that a comparison of the outputs of different pools of selectively tuned lower-level sensory neurons may be a general mechanism by which higher-level brain regions compute perceptual decisions. For example, when monkeys must decide whether a ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature02966
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 8
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    Face encoding and recognition in the human brain. (1996)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-01-23
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 9
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    Experience-dependent changes in cerebellar contributions to motor sequence learning (2002)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-22
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 10
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    The acquisition of skilled motor performance: Fast and slow experience-driven changes in primary motor cortex (1998)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-02-03
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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