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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1998-06-20
    Description: In humans, interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) receptor deficiency leads to a predisposition to mycobacterial infections and impairs the formation of mature granulomas. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) receptor deficiency was found in otherwise healthy individuals with mycobacterial infections. Mature granulomas were seen, surrounded by T cells and centered with epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells, yet reduced IFN-gamma concentrations were found to be secreted by activated natural killer and T cells. Thus, IL-12-dependent IFN-gamma secretion in humans seems essential in the control of mycobacterial infections, despite the formation of mature granulomas due to IL-12-independent IFN-gamma secretion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Altare, F -- Durandy, A -- Lammas, D -- Emile, J F -- Lamhamedi, S -- Le Deist, F -- Drysdale, P -- Jouanguy, E -- Doffinger, R -- Bernaudin, F -- Jeppsson, O -- Gollob, J A -- Meinl, E -- Segal, A W -- Fischer, A -- Kumararatne, D -- Casanova, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 May 29;280(5368):1432-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉INSERM U429, Hopital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris 75015, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9603732" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Female ; Granuloma/immunology ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity, Delayed ; Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis/immunology/secretion ; Interleukin-12/*immunology ; Killer Cells, Natural/immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mutation ; Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection/*immunology ; *Mycobacterium bovis ; Pedigree ; Receptors, Interferon/genetics/immunology ; Receptors, Interleukin/deficiency/*genetics ; Receptors, Interleukin-12 ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Tuberculosis/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2013-10-19
    Description: Genetic mutations cause primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) that predispose to infections. Here, we describe activated PI3K-delta syndrome (APDS), a PID associated with a dominant gain-of-function mutation in which lysine replaced glutamic acid at residue 1021 (E1021K) in the p110delta protein, the catalytic subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase delta (PI3Kdelta), encoded by the PIK3CD gene. We found E1021K in 17 patients from seven unrelated families, but not among 3346 healthy subjects. APDS was characterized by recurrent respiratory infections, progressive airway damage, lymphopenia, increased circulating transitional B cells, increased immunoglobulin M, and reduced immunoglobulin G2 levels in serum and impaired vaccine responses. The E1021K mutation enhanced membrane association and kinase activity of p110delta. Patient-derived lymphocytes had increased levels of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate and phosphorylated AKT protein and were prone to activation-induced cell death. Selective p110delta inhibitors IC87114 and GS-1101 reduced the activity of the mutant enzyme in vitro, which suggested a therapeutic approach for patients with APDS.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3930011/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3930011/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Angulo, Ivan -- Vadas, Oscar -- Garcon, Fabien -- Banham-Hall, Edward -- Plagnol, Vincent -- Leahy, Timothy R -- Baxendale, Helen -- Coulter, Tanya -- Curtis, James -- Wu, Changxin -- Blake-Palmer, Katherine -- Perisic, Olga -- Smyth, Deborah -- Maes, Mailis -- Fiddler, Christine -- Juss, Jatinder -- Cilliers, Deirdre -- Markelj, Gasper -- Chandra, Anita -- Farmer, George -- Kielkowska, Anna -- Clark, Jonathan -- Kracker, Sven -- Debre, Marianne -- Picard, Capucine -- Pellier, Isabelle -- Jabado, Nada -- Morris, James A -- Barcenas-Morales, Gabriela -- Fischer, Alain -- Stephens, Len -- Hawkins, Phillip -- Barrett, Jeffrey C -- Abinun, Mario -- Clatworthy, Menna -- Durandy, Anne -- Doffinger, Rainer -- Chilvers, Edwin R -- Cant, Andrew J -- Kumararatne, Dinakantha -- Okkenhaug, Klaus -- Williams, Roger L -- Condliffe, Alison -- Nejentsev, Sergey -- 095198/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 095198/Z/10/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 095691/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- BB/J004456/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U105184308/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- U105184308/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Nov 15;342(6160):866-71. doi: 10.1126/science.1243292. Epub 2013 Oct 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24136356" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/*genetics/immunology/*pathology ; Lymphocytes/immunology ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/*genetics ; Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism ; Respiratory Tract Infections/*genetics/immunology/*pathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2012-10-20
    Description: Motivation : Exome sequencing has proven to be an effective tool to discover the genetic basis of Mendelian disorders. It is well established that copy number variants (CNVs) contribute to the etiology of these disorders. However, calling CNVs from exome sequence data is challenging. A typical read depth strategy consists of using another sample (or a combination of samples) as a reference to control for the variability at the capture and sequencing steps. However, technical variability between samples complicates the analysis and can create spurious CNV calls. Results : Here , we introduce ExomeDepth, a new CNV calling algorithm designed to control for this technical variability. ExomeDepth uses a robust model for the read count data and uses this model to build an optimized reference set in order to maximize the power to detect CNVs. As a result, ExomeDepth is effective across a wider range of exome datasets than the previously existing tools, even for small (e.g. one to two exons) and heterozygous deletions. We used this new approach to analyse exome data from 24 patients with primary immunodeficiencies. Depending on data quality and the exact target region, we find between 170 and 250 exonic CNV calls per sample. Our analysis identified two novel causative deletions in the genes GATA2 and DOCK8 . Availability: The code used in this analysis has been implemented into an R package called ExomeDepth and is available at the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN). Contact : v.plagnol@ucl.ac.uk Supplementary Information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
    Print ISSN: 1367-4803
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2059
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Medicine
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2018-08-24
    Description: RIPK1 (receptor-interacting serine/threonine kinase 1) is a master regulator of signaling pathways leading to inflammation and cell death and is of medical interest as a drug target. We report four patients from three unrelated families with complete RIPK1 deficiency caused by rare homozygous mutations. The patients suffered from recurrent infections, early-onset inflammatory bowel disease, and progressive polyarthritis. They had immunodeficiency with lymphopenia and altered production of various cytokines revealed by whole-blood assays. In vitro, RIPK1-deficient cells showed impaired mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and cytokine secretion and were prone to necroptosis. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation reversed cytokine production defects and resolved clinical symptoms in one patient. Thus, RIPK1 plays a critical role in the human immune system.
    Keywords: Medicine, Diseases
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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