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  • Articles  (649)
  • Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press  (649)
  • *Biological Evolution  (330)
  • Cells, Cultured  (319)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (649)
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  • Articles  (649)
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  • 1
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-05-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balter, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 May 21;328(5981):969-71. doi: 10.1126/science.328.5981.969.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20489002" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Communication ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Brain/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Child, Preschool ; Dominance, Cerebral ; *Gestures ; Hominidae/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Humans ; Infant ; *Language ; Language Development ; Sign Language ; Songbirds/anatomy & histology/physiology ; *Speech ; Vocalization, Animal
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-04-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Narbonne, Guy M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Apr 2;328(5974):53-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1188688.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. narbonne@geol.queensu.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20360098" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Carbon/analysis ; China ; Evolution, Chemical ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments/*chemistry ; Hydrogen Sulfide/analysis ; Iron/analysis ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/analysis ; Seawater/*chemistry
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2010-10-12
    Description: Penguin feathers are highly modified in form and function, but there have been no fossils to inform their evolution. A giant penguin with feathers was recovered from the late Eocene (~36 million years ago) of Peru. The fossil reveals that key feathering features, including undifferentiated primary wing feathers and broad body contour feather shafts, evolved early in the penguin lineage. Analyses of fossilized color-imparting melanosomes reveal that their dimensions were similar to those of non-penguin avian taxa and that the feathering may have been predominantly gray and reddish-brown. In contrast, the dark black-brown color of extant penguin feathers is generated by large, ellipsoidal melanosomes previously unknown for birds. The nanostructure of penguin feathers was thus modified after earlier macrostructural modifications of feather shape linked to aquatic flight.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clarke, Julia A -- Ksepka, Daniel T -- Salas-Gismondi, Rodolfo -- Altamirano, Ali J -- Shawkey, Matthew D -- D'Alba, Liliana -- Vinther, Jakob -- DeVries, Thomas J -- Baby, Patrice -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Nov 12;330(6006):954-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1193604. Epub 2010 Sep 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA. julia_clarke@jsg.utexas.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20929737" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology ; Feathers/*anatomy & histology/ultrastructure ; *Fossils ; Melanosomes/ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Peru ; Phylogeny ; *Pigmentation ; Spheniscidae/*anatomy & histology/classification ; Wings, Animal/anatomy & histology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2010-12-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thanukos, Anastasia -- Scotchmoor, Judith G -- Caldwell, Roy -- Lindberg, David R -- 51003439/Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 24;330(6012):1764-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1186994. Epub 2010 Dec 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of California Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-4780, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21127217" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Awards and Prizes ; *Biological Evolution ; Biology/*education ; *Internet ; Science/*education ; Teaching ; *Teaching Materials
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2010-02-13
    Description: The Ediacaran Period (635 to 542 million years ago) was a time of fundamental environmental and evolutionary change, culminating in the first appearance of macroscopic animals. Here, we present a detailed spatial and temporal record of Ediacaran ocean chemistry for the Doushantuo Formation in the Nanhua Basin, South China. We find evidence for a metastable zone of euxinic (anoxic and sulfidic) waters impinging on the continental shelf and sandwiched within ferruginous [Fe(II)-enriched] deep waters. A stratified ocean with coeval oxic, sulfidic, and ferruginous zones, favored by overall low oceanic sulfate concentrations, was maintained dynamically throughout the Ediacaran Period. Our model reconciles seemingly conflicting geochemical redox conditions proposed previously for Ediacaran deep oceans and helps to explain the patchy temporal record of early metazoan fossils.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Chao -- Love, Gordon D -- Lyons, Timothy W -- Fike, David A -- Sessions, Alex L -- Chu, Xuelei -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Apr 2;328(5974):80-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1182369. Epub 2010 Feb 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. chaoli@ucr.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20150442" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Carbonates/analysis ; China ; Ferrous Compounds/analysis ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments/*chemistry ; Hydrogen Sulfide ; Iron ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/*analysis ; Seawater/*chemistry ; Sulfates/analysis
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-04-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Apr 2;328(5974):43. doi: 10.1126/science.328.5974.43.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20360089" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Bone and Bones/*anatomy & histology/radiography ; California ; Databases as Topic ; Humans ; Pan troglodytes/*anatomy & histology ; Skull/anatomy & histology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Universities
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2010-05-29
    Description: White and colleagues (Research Articles, 2 October 2009, pp. 64-106 and www.sciencemag.org/ardipithecus) reported Ardipithecus ramidus as an exclusive member of the human lineage post-African ape divergence. However, their analysis of shared-derived characters provides insufficient evidence of an ancestor-descendant relationship and exclusivity to the hominid lineage. Molecular and anatomical studies rather suggest that Ar. ramidus predates the human/African ape divergence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sarmiento, Esteban E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 May 28;328(5982):1105; author reply 1105. doi: 10.1126/science.1184148.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Human Evolution Foundation, East Brunswick, NJ 08816, USA. este444@yahoo.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20508113" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology ; *Fossils ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology/*classification/physiology ; Humans ; Locomotion ; Paleodontology ; Time
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2011-01-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin-Frankel, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 24;330(6012):1731. doi: 10.1126/science.330.6012.1731.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21205643" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Astronomy/*education ; *Biological Evolution ; Employment/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Kentucky ; *Religion and Science ; United States ; Universities/*legislation & jurisprudence
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  • 9
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-09-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sauvageau, Guy -- Humphries, R Keith -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 10;329(5997):1291-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1195173.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Genetics of Stem Cells Laboratory, Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada. guy.sauvageau@umontreal.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20829472" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD34/analysis ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Fetal Blood/cytology ; *Hematopoiesis ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*cytology/*drug effects/physiology ; Humans ; Mice ; Purines/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Small Molecule Libraries ; Species Specificity
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  • 10
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-08-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhatia, Mickie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Aug 27;329(5995):1024-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1194919.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada. mbhatia@mcmaster.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20798306" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Culture Techniques/*methods ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cells, Cultured ; Elasticity ; Humans ; Hydrogels ; Mice ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/*cytology/physiology ; Myoblasts, Skeletal/cytology/physiology ; Regeneration ; Stem Cell Niche/*physiology ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stem Cells/*physiology
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2010-07-22
    Description: Astrocytes provide structural and metabolic support for neuronal networks, but direct evidence demonstrating their active role in complex behaviors is limited. Central respiratory chemosensitivity is an essential mechanism that, via regulation of breathing, maintains constant levels of blood and brain pH and partial pressure of CO2. We found that astrocytes of the brainstem chemoreceptor areas are highly chemosensitive. They responded to physiological decreases in pH with vigorous elevations in intracellular Ca2+ and release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP propagated astrocytic Ca2+ excitation, activated chemoreceptor neurons, and induced adaptive increases in breathing. Mimicking pH-evoked Ca2+ responses by means of optogenetic stimulation of astrocytes expressing channelrhodopsin-2 activated chemoreceptor neurons via an ATP-dependent mechanism and triggered robust respiratory responses in vivo. This demonstrates a potentially crucial role for brain glial cells in mediating a fundamental physiological reflex.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3160742/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3160742/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gourine, Alexander V -- Kasymov, Vitaliy -- Marina, Nephtali -- Tang, Feige -- Figueiredo, Melina F -- Lane, Samantha -- Teschemacher, Anja G -- Spyer, K Michael -- Deisseroth, Karl -- Kasparov, Sergey -- 079040/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- PG/09/064/27886/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom -- British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 30;329(5991):571-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1190721. Epub 2010 Jul 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neuroscience, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK. a.gourine@ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20647426" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/*metabolism ; Animals ; Astrocytes/*physiology ; Brain Stem/cytology/*physiology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis/blood ; Cells, Cultured ; Chemoreceptor Cells/*physiology ; Exocytosis ; Gap Junctions/metabolism ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; In Vitro Techniques ; Light ; Medulla Oblongata/cytology/*physiology ; Membrane Potentials ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Purinergic P2/metabolism ; *Respiration ; Rhodopsin/genetics/metabolism
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2010-01-30
    Description: In addition to their pivotal role in thrombosis and wound repair, platelets participate in inflammatory responses. We investigated the role of platelets in the autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis. We identified platelet microparticles--submicrometer vesicles elaborated by activated platelets--in joint fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other forms of inflammatory arthritis, but not in joint fluid from patients with osteoarthritis. Platelet microparticles were proinflammatory, eliciting cytokine responses from synovial fibroblasts via interleukin-1. Consistent with these findings, depletion of platelets attenuated murine inflammatory arthritis. Using both pharmacologic and genetic approaches, we identified the collagen receptor glycoprotein VI as a key trigger for platelet microparticle generation in arthritis pathophysiology. Thus, these findings demonstrate a previously unappreciated role for platelets and their activation-induced microparticles in inflammatory joint diseases.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2927861/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2927861/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boilard, Eric -- Nigrovic, Peter A -- Larabee, Katherine -- Watts, Gerald F M -- Coblyn, Jonathan S -- Weinblatt, Michael E -- Massarotti, Elena M -- Remold-O'Donnell, Eileen -- Farndale, Richard W -- Ware, Jerry -- Lee, David M -- G0500707/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- HL091269/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL50545/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K08AR051321/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI065858/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL050545/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL050545-16/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL050545-18/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R21 HL091269/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R21 HL091269-01A2/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- RG/09/003/27122/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom -- British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 29;327(5965):580-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1181928.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20110505" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arthritis/blood/immunology ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/*blood/*immunology/physiopathology ; Blood Platelets/cytology/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Cell-Derived Microparticles/metabolism/*physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Collagen/*metabolism ; Cytokines/*metabolism ; Extracellular Matrix/metabolism ; Fibroblasts/immunology/metabolism ; Humans ; Interleukin-1/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Platelet Activation ; Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Receptors, Collagen/metabolism ; Synovial Fluid/cytology/*immunology ; Synovial Membrane/cytology/immunology
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2010-07-22
    Description: Stem cells that naturally reside in adult tissues, such as muscle stem cells (MuSCs), exhibit robust regenerative capacity in vivo that is rapidly lost in culture. Using a bioengineered substrate to recapitulate key biophysical and biochemical niche features in conjunction with a highly automated single-cell tracking algorithm, we show that substrate elasticity is a potent regulator of MuSC fate in culture. Unlike MuSCs on rigid plastic dishes (approximately 10(6) kilopascals), MuSCs cultured on soft hydrogel substrates that mimic the elasticity of muscle (12 kilopascals) self-renew in vitro and contribute extensively to muscle regeneration when subsequently transplanted into mice and assayed histologically and quantitatively by noninvasive bioluminescence imaging. Our studies provide novel evidence that by recapitulating physiological tissue rigidity, propagation of adult muscle stem cells is possible, enabling future cell-based therapies for muscle-wasting diseases.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2929271/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2929271/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gilbert, P M -- Havenstrite, K L -- Magnusson, K E G -- Sacco, A -- Leonardi, N A -- Kraft, P -- Nguyen, N K -- Thrun, S -- Lutolf, M P -- Blau, H M -- 2 T32 HD007249/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- 52005886/Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- AG009521/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG020961/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- CA09151/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HL096113/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG009521/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG009521-25/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG020961/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG020961-06A2/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG020961-07/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL096113/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL096113-03/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA009151/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA009151-35/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 HD007249/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- T32 HD007249-25/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL100397/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL100397-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Aug 27;329(5995):1078-81. doi: 10.1126/science.1191035. Epub 2010 Jul 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20647425" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Animals ; Cell Count ; Cell Culture Techniques/*methods ; Cell Death ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Separation ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Elastic Modulus ; Hydrogels ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred NOD ; Mice, SCID ; Mice, Transgenic ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/*cytology/physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal/*cytology ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Regeneration ; Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle/cytology ; Stem Cell Niche/*physiology ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stem Cells/cytology/*physiology
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2010-09-18
    Description: Hybrids between species are often sterile or inviable because the long-diverged genomes of their parents cause developmental problems when they come together in a single individual. According to the Dobzhansky-Muller (DM) model, the number of genes involved in these "intrinsic postzygotic incompatibilities" should increase faster than linearly with the divergence time between species. This straightforward prediction of the DM model has remained contentious owing to a lack of explicit tests. Examining two pairs of Drosophila species, we show that the number of genes involved in postzygotic isolation increases at least as fast as the square of the number of substitutions (an index of divergence time) between species. This observation verifies a key prediction of the DM model.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Matute, Daniel R -- Butler, Ian A -- Turissini, David A -- Coyne, Jerry A -- R01GM058260/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 17;329(5998):1518-21. doi: 10.1126/science.1193440.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Chicago, 1101 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. dmatute@uchicago.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20847270" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Crosses, Genetic ; Drosophila/*genetics/physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/physiology ; Epistasis, Genetic ; Female ; *Genes, Insect ; *Genetic Speciation ; *Hybridization, Genetic ; Infertility ; Male ; Models, Genetic ; Reproduction ; Species Specificity
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2010-03-27
    Description: Shelterin is an essential telomeric protein complex that prevents DNA damage signaling and DNA repair at mammalian chromosome ends. Here we report on the role of the TRF2-interacting factor Rap1, a conserved shelterin subunit of unknown function. We removed Rap1 from mouse telomeres either through gene deletion or by replacing TRF2 with a mutant that does not bind Rap1. Rap1 was dispensable for the essential functions of TRF2--repression of ATM kinase signaling and nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ)--and mice lacking telomeric Rap1 were viable and fertile. However, Rap1 was critical for the repression of homology-directed repair (HDR), which can alter telomere length. The data reveal that HDR at telomeres can take place in the absence of DNA damage foci and underscore the functional compartmentalization within shelterin.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2864730/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2864730/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sfeir, Agnel -- Kabir, Shaheen -- van Overbeek, Megan -- Celli, Giulia B -- de Lange, Titia -- AG016642/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- GM049046/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG016642/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG016642-01/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG016642-02/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG016642-03/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG016642-04/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG016642-05/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG016642-06/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG016642-07/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG016642-08/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG016642-09/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG016642-10/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG016642-11/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM049046/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM049046-07/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM049046-08/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM049046-09/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM049046-10/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM049046-11/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM049046-12/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM049046/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM049046-13/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM049046-14/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM049046-15/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM049046-16/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM049046-17/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Mar 26;327(5973):1657-61. doi: 10.1126/science.1185100.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20339076" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Checkpoint Kinase 2 ; *DNA Damage ; *DNA Repair ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Gene Deletion ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Recombination, Genetic ; Signal Transduction ; Sister Chromatid Exchange ; Telomere/*genetics/metabolism ; Telomere-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Telomeric Repeat Binding Protein 2/genetics/metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism
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  • 16
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-01-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boomsma, Jacobus J -- Pamilo, Pekka -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 1;327(5961):45. doi: 10.1126/science.1185061.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. jjboomsma@bio.ku.dk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20044566" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Australia ; Behavior, Animal ; *Biological Evolution ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; *Insects/genetics/physiology ; Social Behavior
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2010-08-28
    Description: Presynaptic nerve terminals release neurotransmitters repeatedly, often at high frequency, and in relative isolation from neuronal cell bodies. Repeated release requires cycles of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE)-complex assembly and disassembly, with continuous generation of reactive SNARE-protein intermediates. Although many forms of neurodegeneration initiate presynaptically, only few pathogenic mechanisms are known, and the functions of presynaptic proteins linked to neurodegeneration, such as alpha-synuclein, remain unclear. Here, we show that maintenance of continuous presynaptic SNARE-complex assembly required a nonclassical chaperone activity mediated by synucleins. Specifically, alpha-synuclein directly bound to the SNARE-protein synaptobrevin-2/vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2) and promoted SNARE-complex assembly. Moreover, triple-knockout mice lacking synucleins developed age-dependent neurological impairments, exhibited decreased SNARE-complex assembly, and died prematurely. Thus, synucleins may function to sustain normal SNARE-complex assembly in a presynaptic terminal during aging.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3235365/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3235365/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burre, Jacqueline -- Sharma, Manu -- Tsetsenis, Theodoros -- Buchman, Vladimir -- Etherton, Mark R -- Sudhof, Thomas C -- 075615/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 24;329(5999):1663-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1195227. Epub 2010 Aug 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, 1050 Arastradero Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304-5543, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20798282" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; HSP40 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism ; Humans ; Membrane Fusion ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Nerve Degeneration/*metabolism ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Presynaptic Terminals/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; SNARE Proteins/*metabolism ; Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein 2/metabolism ; alpha-Synuclein/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2010-01-09
    Description: Large-scale biodiversity gradients among environments and habitats are usually attributed to a complex array of ecological and evolutionary factors. We tested the evolutionary component of such gradients by compiling the environments of the geologically oldest occurrences of marine genera and using sampling standardization to assess if originations tended to be clustered in particular environments. Shallow, tropical environments and carbonate substrates all tend to have harbored high origination rates. Diversity within these environments tended to be preferentially generated in reefs, probably because of their habitat complexity. Reefs were also prolific at exporting diversity to other environments, which might be a consequence of low-diversity habitats being more susceptible to invasions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kiessling, Wolfgang -- Simpson, Carl -- Foote, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 8;327(5962):196-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1182241.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Museum fur Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Research on Evolution and Biodiversity at the Humboldt University Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany. wolfgang.kiessling@mfn-berlin.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20056888" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthozoa ; *Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; Calcium Carbonate ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fishes ; *Fossils ; Geography ; *Invertebrates/classification
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2010-02-27
    Description: A20 negatively regulates inflammation by inhibiting the nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) transcription factor in the tumor necrosis factor-receptor (TNFR) and Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways. A20 contains deubiquitinase and E3 ligase domains and thus has been proposed to function as a ubiquitin-editing enzyme downstream of TNFR1 by inactivating ubiquitinated RIP1. However, it remains unclear how A20 terminates NF-kappaB signaling downstream of TLRs. We have shown that A20 inhibited the E3 ligase activities of TRAF6, TRAF2, and cIAP1 by antagonizing interactions with the E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzymes Ubc13 and UbcH5c. A20, together with the regulatory molecule TAX1BP1, interacted with Ubc13 and UbcH5c and triggered their ubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation. These findings suggest mechanism of A20 action in the inhibition of inflammatory signaling pathways.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3025292/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3025292/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shembade, Noula -- Ma, Averil -- Harhaj, Edward W -- R01 CA135362/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA135362-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK071939/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK071939-07/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM083143/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM083143-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01CA135362/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01GM083143/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Feb 26;327(5969):1135-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1182364.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA. nshembade@med.miami.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20185725" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Cysteine Endopeptidases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Gene Products, tax/metabolism ; Inflammation/*metabolism ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Interleukin-1/immunology/metabolism ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; NF-kappa B/*metabolism ; Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes/*metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Ubiquitinated Proteins/metabolism ; Ubiquitination ; Zinc Fingers
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2010-05-08
    Description: Clathrin-mediated endocytosis, the major pathway for ligand internalization into eukaryotic cells, is thought to be initiated by the clustering of clathrin and adaptors around receptors destined for internalization. However, here we report that the membrane-sculpting F-BAR domain-containing Fer/Cip4 homology domain-only proteins 1 and 2 (FCHo1/2) were required for plasma membrane clathrin-coated vesicle (CCV) budding and marked sites of CCV formation. Changes in FCHo1/2 expression levels correlated directly with numbers of CCV budding events, ligand endocytosis, and synaptic vesicle marker recycling. FCHo1/2 proteins bound specifically to the plasma membrane and recruited the scaffold proteins eps15 and intersectin, which in turn engaged the adaptor complex AP2. The FCHo F-BAR membrane-bending activity was required, leading to the proposal that FCHo1/2 sculpt the initial bud site and recruit the clathrin machinery for CCV formation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2883440/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2883440/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Henne, William Mike -- Boucrot, Emmanuel -- Meinecke, Michael -- Evergren, Emma -- Vallis, Yvonne -- Mittal, Rohit -- McMahon, Harvey T -- MC_U105178795/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- U.1051.02.007(78795)/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 4;328(5983):1281-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1188462. Epub 2010 May 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology (MRC-LMB), Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20448150" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Protein Complex 2/metabolism ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/metabolism ; Animals ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Clathrin/*metabolism ; Clathrin-Coated Vesicles/*metabolism ; *Endocytosis ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Neurons/cytology/metabolism ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; RNA Interference ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Synaptic Vesicles/metabolism
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2010-11-27
    Description: The extinction of dinosaurs at the Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary was the seminal event that opened the door for the subsequent diversification of terrestrial mammals. Our compilation of maximum body size at the ordinal level by sub-epoch shows a near-exponential increase after the K/Pg. On each continent, the maximum size of mammals leveled off after 40 million years ago and thereafter remained approximately constant. There was remarkable congruence in the rate, trajectory, and upper limit across continents, orders, and trophic guilds, despite differences in geological and climatic history, turnover of lineages, and ecological variation. Our analysis suggests that although the primary driver for the evolution of giant mammals was diversification to fill ecological niches, environmental temperature and land area may have ultimately constrained the maximum size achieved.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, Felisa A -- Boyer, Alison G -- Brown, James H -- Costa, Daniel P -- Dayan, Tamar -- Ernest, S K Morgan -- Evans, Alistair R -- Fortelius, Mikael -- Gittleman, John L -- Hamilton, Marcus J -- Harding, Larisa E -- Lintulaakso, Kari -- Lyons, S Kathleen -- McCain, Christy -- Okie, Jordan G -- Saarinen, Juha J -- Sibly, Richard M -- Stephens, Patrick R -- Theodor, Jessica -- Uhen, Mark D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Nov 26;330(6008):1216-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1194830.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, MSC03 2020, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA. fasmith@unm.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21109666" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atmosphere ; *Biological Evolution ; *Body Size ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Extinction, Biological ; Fossils ; Geography ; Mammals/*anatomy & histology/classification/growth & development ; Models, Biological ; Oxygen ; Phylogeny ; Temperature
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2010-01-16
    Description: We report here genome sequences and comparative analyses of three closely related parasitoid wasps: Nasonia vitripennis, N. giraulti, and N. longicornis. Parasitoids are important regulators of arthropod populations, including major agricultural pests and disease vectors, and Nasonia is an emerging genetic model, particularly for evolutionary and developmental genetics. Key findings include the identification of a functional DNA methylation tool kit; hymenopteran-specific genes including diverse venoms; lateral gene transfers among Pox viruses, Wolbachia, and Nasonia; and the rapid evolution of genes involved in nuclear-mitochondrial interactions that are implicated in speciation. Newly developed genome resources advance Nasonia for genetic research, accelerate mapping and cloning of quantitative trait loci, and will ultimately provide tools and knowledge for further increasing the utility of parasitoids as pest insect-control agents.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2849982/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2849982/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Werren, John H -- Richards, Stephen -- Desjardins, Christopher A -- Niehuis, Oliver -- Gadau, Jurgen -- Colbourne, John K -- Nasonia Genome Working Group -- Beukeboom, Leo W -- Desplan, Claude -- Elsik, Christine G -- Grimmelikhuijzen, Cornelis J P -- Kitts, Paul -- Lynch, Jeremy A -- Murphy, Terence -- Oliveira, Deodoro C S G -- Smith, Christopher D -- van de Zande, Louis -- Worley, Kim C -- Zdobnov, Evgeny M -- Aerts, Maarten -- Albert, Stefan -- Anaya, Victor H -- Anzola, Juan M -- Barchuk, Angel R -- Behura, Susanta K -- Bera, Agata N -- Berenbaum, May R -- Bertossa, Rinaldo C -- Bitondi, Marcia M G -- Bordenstein, Seth R -- Bork, Peer -- Bornberg-Bauer, Erich -- Brunain, Marleen -- Cazzamali, Giuseppe -- Chaboub, Lesley -- Chacko, Joseph -- Chavez, Dean -- Childers, Christopher P -- Choi, Jeong-Hyeon -- Clark, Michael E -- Claudianos, Charles -- Clinton, Rochelle A -- Cree, Andrew G -- Cristino, Alexandre S -- Dang, Phat M -- Darby, Alistair C -- de Graaf, Dirk C -- Devreese, Bart -- Dinh, Huyen H -- Edwards, Rachel -- Elango, Navin -- Elhaik, Eran -- Ermolaeva, Olga -- Evans, Jay D -- Foret, Sylvain -- Fowler, Gerald R -- Gerlach, Daniel -- Gibson, Joshua D -- Gilbert, Donald G -- Graur, Dan -- Grunder, Stefan -- Hagen, Darren E -- Han, Yi -- Hauser, Frank -- Hultmark, Da -- Hunter, Henry C 4th -- Hurst, Gregory D D -- Jhangian, Shalini N -- Jiang, Huaiyang -- Johnson, Reed M -- Jones, Andrew K -- Junier, Thomas -- Kadowaki, Tatsuhiko -- Kamping, Albert -- Kapustin, Yuri -- Kechavarzi, Bobak -- Kim, Jaebum -- Kim, Jay -- Kiryutin, Boris -- Koevoets, Tosca -- Kovar, Christie L -- Kriventseva, Evgenia V -- Kucharski, Robert -- Lee, Heewook -- Lee, Sandra L -- Lees, Kristin -- Lewis, Lora R -- Loehlin, David W -- Logsdon, John M Jr -- Lopez, Jacqueline A -- Lozado, Ryan J -- Maglott, Donna -- Maleszka, Ryszard -- Mayampurath, Anoop -- Mazur, Danielle J -- McClure, Marcella A -- Moore, Andrew D -- Morgan, Margaret B -- Muller, Jean -- Munoz-Torres, Monica C -- Muzny, Donna M -- Nazareth, Lynne V -- Neupert, Susanne -- Nguyen, Ngoc B -- Nunes, Francis M F -- Oakeshott, John G -- Okwuonu, Geoffrey O -- Pannebakker, Bart A -- Pejaver, Vikas R -- Peng, Zuogang -- Pratt, Stephen C -- Predel, Reinhard -- Pu, Ling-Ling -- Ranson, Hilary -- Raychoudhury, Rhitoban -- Rechtsteiner, Andreas -- Reese, Justin T -- Reid, Jeffrey G -- Riddle, Megan -- Robertson, Hugh M -- Romero-Severson, Jeanne -- Rosenberg, Miriam -- Sackton, Timothy B -- Sattelle, David B -- Schluns, Helge -- Schmitt, Thomas -- Schneider, Martina -- Schuler, Andreas -- Schurko, Andrew M -- Shuker, David M -- Simoes, Zila L P -- Sinha, Saurabh -- Smith, Zachary -- Solovyev, Victor -- Souvorov, Alexandre -- Springauf, Andreas -- Stafflinger, Elisabeth -- Stage, Deborah E -- Stanke, Mario -- Tanaka, Yoshiaki -- Telschow, Arndt -- Trent, Carol -- Vattathil, Selina -- Verhulst, Eveline C -- Viljakainen, Lumi -- Wanner, Kevin W -- Waterhouse, Robert M -- Whitfield, James B -- Wilkes, Timothy E -- Williamson, Michael -- Willis, Judith H -- Wolschin, Florian -- Wyder, Stefan -- Yamada, Takuji -- Yi, Soojin V -- Zecher, Courtney N -- Zhang, Lan -- Gibbs, Richard A -- 5R01GM070026-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- 5R01HG000747-14/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- 5R24GM084917-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- AI028309-13A2/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI055624/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM064864/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM064864-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM064864-05A2/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM070026/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM070026-04S1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM079484/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM085163/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM085163-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM085233/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG000747/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG000747-14/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01GM064864/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R24 GM084917/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R24 GM084917-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R24 GM084917-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273-03/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 15;327(5963):343-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1178028.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20075255" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arthropods/parasitology ; *Biological Evolution ; DNA Methylation ; DNA Transposable Elements ; Female ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; Genes, Insect ; Genetic Speciation ; Genetic Variation ; *Genome, Insect ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Insect Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Insect Viruses/genetics ; Insects/genetics ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Quantitative Trait Loci ; Recombination, Genetic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Wasp Venoms/chemistry/toxicity ; Wasps/*genetics/physiology ; Wolbachia/genetics
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2010-01-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Whiten, Andrew -- McGrew, William C -- Aiello, Leslie C -- Boesch, Christophe -- Boyd, Robert -- Byrne, Richard W -- Dunbar, Robin I M -- Matsuzawa, Tetsuro -- Silk, Joan B -- Tomasello, Michael -- van Schaik, Carel P -- Wrangham, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 22;327(5964):410; author reply 410-1. doi: 10.1126/science.327.5964.410-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20093456" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior ; Behavior, Animal ; *Biological Evolution ; Cognition ; Female ; *Hominidae/classification ; Humans ; Male ; *Pan troglodytes/classification
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2010-09-04
    Description: Leukotriene A(4) hydrolase (LTA(4)H) is a proinflammatory enzyme that generates the inflammatory mediator leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)). LTA(4)H also possesses aminopeptidase activity with unknown substrate and physiological importance; we identified the neutrophil chemoattractant proline-glycine-proline (PGP) as this physiological substrate. PGP is a biomarker for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is implicated in neutrophil persistence in the lung. In acute neutrophil-driven inflammation, PGP was degraded by LTA(4)H, which facilitated the resolution of inflammation. In contrast, cigarette smoke, a major risk factor for the development of COPD, selectively inhibited LTA(4)H aminopeptidase activity, which led to the accumulation of PGP and neutrophils. These studies imply that therapeutic strategies inhibiting LTA(4)H to prevent LTB(4) generation may not reduce neutrophil recruitment because of elevated levels of PGP.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3072752/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3072752/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Snelgrove, Robert J -- Jackson, Patricia L -- Hardison, Matthew T -- Noerager, Brett D -- Kinloch, Andrew -- Gaggar, Amit -- Shastry, Suresh -- Rowe, Steven M -- Shim, Yun M -- Hussell, Tracy -- Blalock, J Edwin -- 082727/Z/07/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 1K23DK075788/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- 1R03DK084110-01/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- G0400795/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0802752/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- HL07783/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL087824/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL090999/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL102371-A1/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K08HL091127/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P171/03/C1/048/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- P30 DK079337/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30AR050948/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- P30CA13148/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 AT00477/AT/NCCIH NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL077783/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL077783-05/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL087824/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL087824-02/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL090999/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL090999-02S1/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL090999-04/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL102371/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- RR19231/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- U54CA100949/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Oct 1;330(6000):90-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1190594. Epub 2010 Sep 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. rjs198@imperial.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20813919" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Animals ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/chemistry ; Cells, Cultured ; Chemokines, CXC/metabolism ; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte ; Epoxide Hydrolases/antagonists & inhibitors/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Leukotriene B4/metabolism ; Lung/*immunology/metabolism/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neutrophils/enzymology/immunology/*physiology ; Oligopeptides/*metabolism ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology/metabolism/pathology ; Pneumococcal Infections/immunology/metabolism/pathology ; Pneumonia/*immunology/metabolism/pathology/therapy ; Proline/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/immunology/metabolism/pathology ; *Smoke ; Tobacco
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  • 25
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-01-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 29;327(5965):519. doi: 10.1126/science.327.5965.519.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20110481" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthozoa/classification/genetics ; Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; Cnidaria/classification/genetics ; *Ecosystem ; Genes ; Genetic Speciation ; Geologic Sediments ; Phylogeny ; *Seawater
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-02-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Feb 5;327(5966):633. doi: 10.1126/science.327.5966.633-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20133547" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Bufonidae/anatomy & histology/classification/physiology ; Genetic Speciation ; Population Dynamics ; South America
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  • 27
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-01-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harrison, Terry -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 29;327(5965):532-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1184703.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for the Study of Human Origins, Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA. terry.harrison@nyu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20110491" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Animals ; Asia ; *Biological Evolution ; Cercopithecidae/classification ; Climate ; Europe ; Extinction, Biological ; Fossils ; *Hominidae/classification ; Humans ; Paleontology ; Pan troglodytes ; Phylogeny ; Seasons ; Time
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2010-11-26
    Description: Genomes of animals as different as sponges and humans show conservation of global architecture. Here we show that multiple genomic features including transposon diversity, developmental gene repertoire, physical gene order, and intron-exon organization are shattered in the tunicate Oikopleura, belonging to the sister group of vertebrates and retaining chordate morphology. Ancestral architecture of animal genomes can be deeply modified and may therefore be largely nonadaptive. This rapidly evolving animal lineage thus offers unique perspectives on the level of genome plasticity. It also illuminates issues as fundamental as the mechanisms of intron gain.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3760481/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3760481/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Denoeud, France -- Henriet, Simon -- Mungpakdee, Sutada -- Aury, Jean-Marc -- Da Silva, Corinne -- Brinkmann, Henner -- Mikhaleva, Jana -- Olsen, Lisbeth Charlotte -- Jubin, Claire -- Canestro, Cristian -- Bouquet, Jean-Marie -- Danks, Gemma -- Poulain, Julie -- Campsteijn, Coen -- Adamski, Marcin -- Cross, Ismael -- Yadetie, Fekadu -- Muffato, Matthieu -- Louis, Alexandra -- Butcher, Stephen -- Tsagkogeorga, Georgia -- Konrad, Anke -- Singh, Sarabdeep -- Jensen, Marit Flo -- Huynh Cong, Evelyne -- Eikeseth-Otteraa, Helen -- Noel, Benjamin -- Anthouard, Veronique -- Porcel, Betina M -- Kachouri-Lafond, Rym -- Nishino, Atsuo -- Ugolini, Matteo -- Chourrout, Pascal -- Nishida, Hiroki -- Aasland, Rein -- Huzurbazar, Snehalata -- Westhof, Eric -- Delsuc, Frederic -- Lehrach, Hans -- Reinhardt, Richard -- Weissenbach, Jean -- Roy, Scott W -- Artiguenave, Francois -- Postlethwait, John H -- Manak, J Robert -- Thompson, Eric M -- Jaillon, Olivier -- Du Pasquier, Louis -- Boudinot, Pierre -- Liberles, David A -- Volff, Jean-Nicolas -- Philippe, Herve -- Lenhard, Boris -- Roest Crollius, Hugues -- Wincker, Patrick -- Chourrout, Daniel -- Z01 LM000073-12/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 3;330(6009):1381-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1194167. Epub 2010 Nov 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique, Institut de Genomique, Genoscope, Evry, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21097902" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; DNA Transposable Elements ; DNA, Intergenic ; Exons ; Gene Order ; Genes, Duplicate ; Genes, Homeobox ; *Genome ; Introns ; Invertebrates/classification/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Recombination, Genetic ; Spliceosomes/metabolism ; Synteny ; Urochordata/anatomy & histology/classification/*genetics/immunology ; Vertebrates/classification/genetics
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2010-07-22
    Description: The mammalian adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a serine-threonine kinase protein complex that is a central regulator of cellular energy homeostasis. However, the mechanisms by which AMPK mediates cellular responses to metabolic stress remain unclear. We found that AMPK activates transcription through direct association with chromatin and phosphorylation of histone H2B at serine 36. AMPK recruitment and H2B Ser36 phosphorylation colocalized within genes activated by AMPK-dependent pathways, both in promoters and in transcribed regions. Ectopic expression of H2B in which Ser36 was substituted by alanine reduced transcription and RNA polymerase II association to AMPK-dependent genes, and lowered cell survival in response to stress. Our results place AMPK-dependent H2B Ser36 phosphorylation in a direct transcriptional and chromatin regulatory pathway leading to cellular adaptation to stress.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3922052/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3922052/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bungard, David -- Fuerth, Benjamin J -- Zeng, Ping-Yao -- Faubert, Brandon -- Maas, Nancy L -- Viollet, Benoit -- Carling, David -- Thompson, Craig B -- Jones, Russell G -- Berger, Shelley L -- CA078831/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA09171/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA105463/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- MC_U120027537/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MOP-93799/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- P01 AG031862/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA104838/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA078831/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA105463/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 3;329(5996):1201-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1191241. Epub 2010 Jul 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Medical School, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20647423" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Adaptation, Physiological ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromatin/*metabolism ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; Enzyme Activation ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Histones/chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Phosphorylation ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; Serine/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; *Stress, Physiological ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
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  • 30
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-08-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Singh, Harinder -- Demarco, Ignacio A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Aug 20;329(5994):914-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1194316.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Discovery Immunology, Genentech, San Francisco, CA 94080, USA. singh.harinder@gene.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20724627" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Animals ; Antibody Specificity/*genetics ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromatin/metabolism ; Cytidine Deaminase/*metabolism ; Dna ; DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; DNA Modification Methylases/metabolism ; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/genetics ; Histones/metabolism ; Immunoglobulin Class Switching/genetics/*physiology ; Immunoglobulin Switch Region ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Methylation ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Recombination, Genetic ; Transcriptional Activation
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  • 31
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-07-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Di Santo, James P -- R01 AR060723/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 2;329(5987):44-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1191664.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris F-75724, France. james.di-santo@pasteur.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20595605" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Lineage ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Gene Deletion ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Interleukin-7/physiology ; Killer Cells, Natural/cytology/immunology/*physiology ; *Lymphopoiesis/genetics ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Precursor Cells, T-Lymphoid/cytology/physiology ; Repressor Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/cytology/immunology/*physiology ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2010-06-26
    Description: Here, we describe a biomimetic microsystem that reconstitutes the critical functional alveolar-capillary interface of the human lung. This bioinspired microdevice reproduces complex integrated organ-level responses to bacteria and inflammatory cytokines introduced into the alveolar space. In nanotoxicology studies, this lung mimic revealed that cyclic mechanical strain accentuates toxic and inflammatory responses of the lung to silica nanoparticles. Mechanical strain also enhances epithelial and endothelial uptake of nanoparticulates and stimulates their transport into the underlying microvascular channel. Similar effects of physiological breathing on nanoparticle absorption are observed in whole mouse lung. Mechanically active "organ-on-a-chip" microdevices that reconstitute tissue-tissue interfaces critical to organ function may therefore expand the capabilities of cell culture models and provide low-cost alternatives to animal and clinical studies for drug screening and toxicology applications.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huh, Dongeun -- Matthews, Benjamin D -- Mammoto, Akiko -- Montoya-Zavala, Martin -- Hsin, Hong Yuan -- Ingber, Donald E -- R01-ES016665/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 25;328(5986):1662-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1188302.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20576885" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air ; Animals ; *Biomimetic Materials ; Blood-Air Barrier ; Capillaries/*physiology ; Capillary Permeability ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelial Cells/*physiology ; Escherichia coli/immunology ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Inflammation ; Lung/blood supply/physiology ; Mice ; *Microfluidic Analytical Techniques ; Microtechnology ; Nanoparticles/toxicity ; Neutrophil Infiltration ; Oxidative Stress ; Pneumocytes/*physiology ; Pulmonary Alveoli/*blood supply/cytology/immunology/*physiology ; Respiration ; Silicon Dioxide/toxicity ; Stress, Mechanical
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2010-10-12
    Description: Marx and Uhen (Reports, 19 February 2010, p. 993) suggested that correlated diversity changes in the fossil record of whales and diatoms reflects secular evolutionary signals of underlying ecological drivers. We question the meaning of this association and outline avenues for more complete testing of correlations between productivity and marine consumers through geologic time.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pyenson, Nicholas D -- Irmis, Randall B -- Lipps, Jere H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Oct 8;330(6001):178; author reply 178. doi: 10.1126/science.1189866.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, 6270 University Boulevard, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. pyensonn@si.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20929760" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; Climate ; *Diatoms ; *Ecosystem ; Food Chain ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments ; Oceans and Seas ; *Whales
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  • 34
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-02-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alcock, Felicity -- Clements, Abigail -- Webb, Chaille -- Lithgow, Trevor -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Feb 5;327(5966):649-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1182129.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne 3800, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20133559" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alphaproteobacteria/genetics/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Transport Systems/chemistry/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; *Biological Evolution ; *Eukaryotic Cells/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Mitochondria/metabolism ; Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Protein Transport ; *Symbiosis
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2010-12-04
    Description: Although the proteins BAX and BAK are required for initiation of apoptosis at the mitochondria, how BAX and BAK are activated remains unsettled. We provide in vivo evidence demonstrating an essential role of the proteins BID, BIM, and PUMA in activating BAX and BAK. Bid, Bim, and Puma triple-knockout mice showed the same developmental defects that are associated with deficiency of Bax and Bak, including persistent interdigital webs and imperforate vaginas. Genetic deletion of Bid, Bim, and Puma prevented the homo-oligomerization of BAX and BAK, and thereby cytochrome c-mediated activation of caspases in response to diverse death signals in neurons and T lymphocytes, despite the presence of other BH3-only molecules. Thus, many forms of apoptosis require direct activation of BAX and BAK at the mitochondria by a member of the BID, BIM, or PUMA family of proteins.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3163443/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3163443/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ren, Decheng -- Tu, Ho-Chou -- Kim, Hyungjin -- Wang, Gary X -- Bean, Gregory R -- Takeuchi, Osamu -- Jeffers, John R -- Zambetti, Gerard P -- Hsieh, James J-D -- Cheng, Emily H-Y -- P30CA21765/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA125562/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA125562-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA125562-03/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA125562-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01CA125562/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01GM083159/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 3;330(6009):1390-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1190217.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21127253" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Caspases/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebellum/cytology ; Cytochromes c/metabolism ; Intracellular Membranes/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Neurons/*physiology ; Permeability ; Protein Multimerization ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Stress, Physiological ; T-Lymphocytes/physiology ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-04-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ray-Gallet, Dominique -- Almouzni, Genevieve -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Apr 2;328(5974):56-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1188653.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Nuclear Dynamics and Genome Plasticity, UMR218 CNRS/Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20360101" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Cycle ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromatin/*metabolism ; Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly ; DNA Replication ; Histones/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Nucleosomes/*metabolism ; Protein Multimerization
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2011-01-06
    Description: Although microbes have been classically viewed as pathogens, it is now well established that the majority of host-bacterial interactions are symbiotic. During development and into adulthood, gut bacteria shape the tissues, cells, and molecular profile of our gastrointestinal immune system. This partnership, forged over many millennia of coevolution, is based on a molecular exchange involving bacterial signals that are recognized by host receptors to mediate beneficial outcomes for both microbes and humans. We explore how specific aspects of the adaptive immune system are influenced by intestinal commensal bacteria. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that mediate symbiosis between commensal bacteria and humans may redefine how we view the evolution of adaptive immunity and consequently how we approach the treatment of numerous immunologic disorders.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3159383/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3159383/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, Yun Kyung -- Mazmanian, Sarkis K -- AI088626/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DK078938/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK083633/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK078938/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK078938-01A2/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK078938-02/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK078938-03/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK078938-04/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R21 AI088626/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21 AI088626-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21 AI088626-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21 DK083633/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R21 DK083633-01A1/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R21 DK083633-02/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 24;330(6012):1768-73. doi: 10.1126/science.1195568.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21205662" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptive Immunity ; Animals ; Autoimmune Diseases/immunology ; Bacteria/immunology ; *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; *Biological Evolution ; Cell Differentiation ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; Immunity, Innate ; Immunity, Mucosal ; Intestinal Mucosa/immunology/microbiology ; Intestines/immunology/*microbiology ; Metagenome/immunology/*physiology ; Symbiosis ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/cytology/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/cytology/immunology
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  • 38
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-02-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ebert, Dieter -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 4;331(6017):539-40. doi: 10.1126/science.1202092.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Universitat Basel, Zoological Institute, Vesalgasse 1, 4059 Basel, Switzerland. dieter.ebert@unibas.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21292957" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Daphnia/*genetics/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Gene Duplication ; *Genome ; Phenotype
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2011-11-15
    Description: Intestinal epithelial stem cell identity and location have been the subject of substantial research. Cells in the +4 niche are slow-cycling and label-retaining, whereas a different stem cell niche located at the crypt base is occupied by crypt base columnar (CBC) cells. CBCs are distinct from +4 cells, and the relationship between them is unknown, though both give rise to all intestinal epithelial lineages. We demonstrate that Hopx, an atypical homeobox protein, is a specific marker of +4 cells. Hopx-expressing cells give rise to CBCs and all mature intestinal epithelial lineages. Conversely, CBCs can give rise to +4 Hopx-positive cells. These findings demonstrate a bidirectional lineage relationship between active and quiescent stem cells in their niches.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3705713/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3705713/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Takeda, Norifumi -- Jain, Rajan -- LeBoeuf, Matthew R -- Wang, Qiaohong -- Lu, Min Min -- Epstein, Jonathan A -- R01 HL071546/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL100405/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Dec 9;334(6061):1420-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1213214. Epub 2011 Nov 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22075725" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Epithelial Cells/*cytology ; Homeodomain Proteins/analysis/genetics ; Intestinal Mucosa/*cytology/drug effects ; Intestine, Small/*cytology/drug effects ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Multipotent Stem Cells/*cytology/physiology ; Paneth Cells/cytology ; *Stem Cell Niche ; Tamoxifen/pharmacology
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2011-05-21
    Description: Tan et al. (Reports, 25 September 2009, p. 1686) argued that loss of tyrosine residues from proteins in metazoans was driven by positive selection to remove potentially deleterious phosphorylation sites. We challenge this hypothesis, providing evidence that the high guanine-cytosine (GC) content of metazoan genomes was the primary driver in the loss of tyrosine residues.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Su, Zhixi -- Huang, Wei -- Gu, Xun -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 May 20;332(6032):917; author reply 917. doi: 10.1126/science.1187374.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Center for Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21596977" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Base Composition ; *Biological Evolution ; Choanoflagellata/chemistry/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Fungal Proteins/chemistry ; *Genome ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Proteins/*chemistry ; Protozoan Proteins/chemistry ; Saccharomycetales/chemistry/genetics ; *Selection, Genetic ; Tyrosine/*chemistry
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  • 41
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-08-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carroll, Sean B -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 26;333(6046):1100-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1211025.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 201 Bock Laboratories, Madison, WI 53706, USA. sbcarrol@facstaff.wisc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21868661" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Butterflies/anatomy & histology/*genetics ; *Genes, Insect ; Genetic Variation ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Pigmentation/*genetics ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Selection, Genetic ; Wings, Animal/*anatomy & histology
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  • 42
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-11-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Renner, Susanne S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 11;334(6057):766-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1214649.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biology Department, University of Munich, 80638 Munich, Germany. renner@lrz.uni-muenchen.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22076366" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; *Cycadophyta ; *Fossils ; *Genetic Speciation
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2011-03-19
    Description: In prokaryotes and eukaryotes, most genes appear to be transcribed during short periods called transcriptional bursts, interspersed by silent intervals. We describe how such bursts generate gene-specific temporal patterns of messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesis in mammalian cells. To monitor transcription at high temporal resolution, we established various gene trap cell lines and transgenic cell lines expressing a short-lived luciferase protein from an unstable mRNA, and recorded bioluminescence in real time in single cells. Mathematical modeling identified gene-specific on- and off-switching rates in transcriptional activity and mean numbers of mRNAs produced during the bursts. Transcriptional kinetics were markedly altered by cis-regulatory DNA elements. Our analysis demonstrated that bursting kinetics are highly gene-specific, reflecting refractory periods during which genes stay inactive for a certain time before switching on again.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Suter, David M -- Molina, Nacho -- Gatfield, David -- Schneider, Kim -- Schibler, Ueli -- Naef, Felix -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 22;332(6028):472-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1198817. Epub 2011 Mar 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Sciences III, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21415320" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromatin/physiology ; Circadian Rhythm/genetics ; Down-Regulation ; *Gene Expression ; Histones/metabolism ; Kinetics ; Luminescent Measurements ; Mice ; Models, Genetic ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Stochastic Processes ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Transcriptional Activation ; Transgenes ; Up-Regulation
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  • 44
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-10-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Toumey, Chris -- Guterbock, Tom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 7;334(6052):38-9. doi: 10.1126/science.334.6052.38-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21980094" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; *Culture ; *Evolution, Planetary ; Humans ; *Knowledge ; *Religion and Science
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  • 45
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-02-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sabeti, Pardis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 11;331(6018):690. doi: 10.1126/science.1202570.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21310997" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; *Evolution, Molecular ; *Genome, Human ; Humans
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2011-03-26
    Description: Axon-dendrite polarization is crucial for neural network wiring and information processing in the brain. Polarization begins with the transformation of a single neurite into an axon and its subsequent rapid extension, which requires coordination of cellular energy status to allow for transport of building materials to support axon growth. We found that activation of the energy-sensing adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway suppressed axon initiation and neuronal polarization. Phosphorylation of the kinesin light chain of the Kif5 motor protein by AMPK disrupted the association of the motor with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), preventing PI3K targeting to the axonal tip and inhibiting polarization and axon growth.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3325765/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3325765/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Amato, Stephen -- Liu, Xiuxin -- Zheng, Bin -- Cantley, Lewis -- Rakic, Pasko -- Man, Heng-Ye -- GM41890/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM56203/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- K99CA133245/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- MH07907/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R00 CA133245/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM056203/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS014841/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS014841-32/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 8;332(6026):247-51. doi: 10.1126/science.1201678. Epub 2011 Mar 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21436401" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Aminoimidazole Carboxamide/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Animals ; Axons/enzymology/*physiology/ultrastructure ; *Cell Polarity/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Hippocampus/cytology/embryology ; Metformin/pharmacology ; Mice ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism ; Neurons/cytology/drug effects/enzymology/*physiology ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Ribonucleotides/pharmacology ; Signal Transduction ; Tissue Culture Techniques
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  • 47
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-08-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Selosse, Marc-Andre -- Rousset, Francois -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 12;333(6044):828-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1210722.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE-CNRS), Montpellier, France. marc-andre.selosse@cefe.cnrs.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21836002" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Glomeromycota/growth & development/*physiology ; Mycorrhizae/growth & development/*physiology ; Plant Physiological Phenomena ; Plant Roots/*microbiology/physiology ; Plants/*microbiology ; *Symbiosis
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2011-04-02
    Description: Heparan and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs and CSPGs, respectively) regulate numerous cell surface signaling events, with typically opposite effects on cell function. CSPGs inhibit nerve regeneration through receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase sigma (RPTPsigma). Here we report that RPTPsigma acts bimodally in sensory neuron extension, mediating CSPG inhibition and HSPG growth promotion. Crystallographic analyses of a shared HSPG-CSPG binding site reveal a conformational plasticity that can accommodate diverse glycosaminoglycans with comparable affinities. Heparan sulfate and analogs induced RPTPsigma ectodomain oligomerization in solution, which was inhibited by chondroitin sulfate. RPTPsigma and HSPGs colocalize in puncta on sensory neurons in culture, whereas CSPGs occupy the extracellular matrix. These results lead to a model where proteoglycans can exert opposing effects on neuronal extension by competing to control the oligomerization of a common receptor.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3154093/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3154093/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coles, Charlotte H -- Shen, Yingjie -- Tenney, Alan P -- Siebold, Christian -- Sutton, Geoffrey C -- Lu, Weixian -- Gallagher, John T -- Jones, E Yvonne -- Flanagan, John G -- Aricescu, A Radu -- 090532/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 10976/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- EY11559/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- G0700232/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0900084/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- HD29417/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY011559/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY011559-19/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R37 HD029417/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R37 HD029417-20/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 22;332(6028):484-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1200840. Epub 2011 Mar 31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21454754" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Axons/*physiology ; Binding Sites ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans/chemistry/*metabolism ; Chondroitin Sulfates/chemistry/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Extracellular Matrix ; Ganglia, Spinal ; Glypicans/metabolism ; Growth Cones/metabolism ; Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans/chemistry/*metabolism ; Heparitin Sulfate/analogs & derivatives/chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neurites/physiology ; Neurocan/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 2/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Sensory Receptor Cells/*physiology
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2011-01-06
    Description: Apicomplexan parasites invade host cells and immediately initiate cell division. The extracellular parasite discharges transmembrane proteins onto its surface to mediate motility and invasion. These are shed by intramembrane cleavage, a process associated with invasion but otherwise poorly understood. Functional analysis of Toxoplasma rhomboid 4, a surface intramembrane protease, by conditional overexpression of a catalytically inactive form produced a profound block in replication. This was completely rescued by expression of the cleaved cytoplasmic tail of Toxoplasma or Plasmodium apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1). These results reveal an unexpected function for AMA1 in parasite replication and suggest that invasion proteins help to promote parasite switch from an invasive to a replicative mode.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Santos, Joana M -- Ferguson, David J P -- Blackman, Michael J -- Soldati-Favre, Dominique -- MC_U117532063/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- U117532063/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jan 28;331(6016):473-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1199284. Epub 2010 Dec 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 rue-Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21205639" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigens, Protozoan/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Division ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Fibroblasts/parasitology ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Movement ; Mutant Proteins/metabolism ; Plasmodium falciparum ; Protozoan Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Serine Proteases/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Toxoplasma/cytology/growth & development/*physiology
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2011-06-04
    Description: Epistasis has substantial impacts on evolution, in particular, the rate of adaptation. We generated combinations of beneficial mutations that arose in a lineage during rapid adaptation of a bacterium whose growth depended on a newly introduced metabolic pathway. The proportional selective benefit for three of the four loci consistently decreased when they were introduced onto more fit backgrounds. These three alleles all reduced morphological defects caused by expression of the foreign pathway. A simple theoretical model segregating the apparent contribution of individual alleles to benefits and costs effectively predicted the interactions between them. These results provide the first evidence that patterns of epistasis may differ for within- and between-gene interactions during adaptation and that diminishing returns epistasis contributes to the consistent observation of decelerating fitness gains during adaptation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3244271/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3244271/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chou, Hsin-Hung -- Chiu, Hsuan-Chao -- Delaney, Nigel F -- Segre, Daniel -- Marx, Christopher J -- R01 GM078209/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM078209-05/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jun 3;332(6034):1190-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1203799.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21636771" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Alleles ; *Biological Evolution ; *Epistasis, Genetic ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Genes, Bacterial ; *Genetic Fitness ; Genome, Bacterial ; Glutathione/metabolism ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics ; Methylobacterium extorquens/cytology/*genetics/metabolism/physiology ; Models, Genetic ; *Mutation ; Selection, Genetic
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2011-08-06
    Description: Neural circuitry formation depends on the molecular control of axonal projection during development. By screening with fluorophore-assisted light inactivation in the developing mouse brain, we identified cartilage acidic protein-1B as a key molecule for lateral olfactory tract (LOT) formation and named it LOT usher substance (LOTUS). We further identified Nogo receptor-1 (NgR1) as a LOTUS-binding protein. NgR1 is a receptor of myelin-derived axon growth inhibitors, such as Nogo, which prevent neural regeneration in the adult. LOTUS suppressed Nogo-NgR1 binding and Nogo-induced growth cone collapse. A defasciculated LOT was present in lotus-deficient mice but not in mice lacking both lotus- and ngr1. These findings suggest that endogenous antagonism of NgR1 by LOTUS is crucial for normal LOT formation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3244695/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3244695/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sato, Yasufumi -- Iketani, Masumi -- Kurihara, Yuji -- Yamaguchi, Megumi -- Yamashita, Naoya -- Nakamura, Fumio -- Arie, Yuko -- Kawasaki, Takahiko -- Hirata, Tatsumi -- Abe, Takaya -- Kiyonari, Hiroshi -- Strittmatter, Stephen M -- Goshima, Yoshio -- Takei, Kohtaro -- R37 NS033020/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R37 NS033020-19/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 5;333(6043):769-73. doi: 10.1126/science.1204144.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21817055" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/*physiology ; Binding Sites ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; GPI-Linked Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Growth Cones/metabolism ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ligands ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Myelin Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Olfactory Pathways/*cytology/*growth & development/metabolism ; Prosencephalon/embryology/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2011-09-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Araque, Alfonso -- Navarrete, Marta -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 16;333(6049):1587-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1212525.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid 28002, Spain. araque@cajal.csic.es〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21921188" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Axons/*physiology ; Calcium Signaling ; Cells, Cultured ; Electric Stimulation ; Ganglia, Spinal/cytology ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Myelin Basic Protein/*metabolism ; Myelin Sheath/*physiology ; Neural Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Oligodendroglia/cytology/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Synaptic Transmission ; Synaptic Vesicles/metabolism
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  • 53
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-08-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gadagkar, Raghavendra -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 12;333(6044):833-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1210420.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012 India. ragh@ces.iisc.ernet.in〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21836006" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Altruism ; Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; *Biological Evolution ; Female ; Genetic Fitness ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Nesting Behavior ; Reproduction ; Selection, Genetic ; *Social Behavior ; Wasps/genetics/*physiology
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2011-08-20
    Description: The gain, loss, and modification of gene regulatory elements may underlie a substantial proportion of phenotypic changes on animal lineages. To investigate the gain of regulatory elements throughout vertebrate evolution, we identified genome-wide sets of putative regulatory regions for five vertebrates, including humans. These putative regulatory regions are conserved nonexonic elements (CNEEs), which are evolutionarily conserved yet do not overlap any coding or noncoding mature transcript. We then inferred the branch on which each CNEE came under selective constraint. Our analysis identified three extended periods in the evolution of gene regulatory elements. Early vertebrate evolution was characterized by regulatory gains near transcription factors and developmental genes, but this trend was replaced by innovations near extracellular signaling genes, and then innovations near posttranslational protein modifiers.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3511857/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3511857/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lowe, Craig B -- Kellis, Manolis -- Siepel, Adam -- Raney, Brian J -- Clamp, Michele -- Salama, Sofie R -- Kingsley, David M -- Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin -- Haussler, David -- 1U01-HG004695/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- 5P41-HG002371/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P41 HG002371/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P50 HG002568/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P50-HG02568/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004037/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01-HG004037/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HG004695/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003067/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54-HG003067/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 19;333(6045):1019-24. doi: 10.1126/science.1202702.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21852499" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Cattle ; *Conserved Sequence ; DNA, Intergenic/genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Developmental ; Genome ; Humans ; Markov Chains ; Mice ; Oryzias/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational/genetics ; *Regulatory Elements, Transcriptional ; *Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Selection, Genetic ; Sequence Alignment ; Smegmamorpha/genetics ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; Vertebrates/*genetics
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  • 55
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-05-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Northcutt, R Glenn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 May 20;332(6032):926-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1206915.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. rgnorthcutt@ucsd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21596983" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Brain/*anatomy & histology ; Cerebellum/anatomy & histology ; Cerebrum/anatomy & histology ; *Fossils ; Hair ; Mammals/*anatomy & histology ; Olfactory Bulb/anatomy & histology ; Olfactory Mucosa/anatomy & histology ; Organ Size ; Skull/anatomy & histology/radiography ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
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  • 56
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-10-15
    Description: Diet changes are considered key events in human evolution. Most studies of early hominin diets focused on tooth size, shape, and craniomandibular morphology, as well as stone tools and butchered animal bones. However, in recent years, dental microwear and stable isotope analyses have hinted at unexpected diversity and complexity in early hominin diets. Some traditional ideas have held; others, such as an increasing reliance on hard-object feeding and a dichotomy between Australopithecus and Paranthropus, have been challenged. The first known evidence of C(4) plant (tropical grasses and sedges) and hard-object (e.g., seeds and nuts) consumption dates to millions of years after the appearance of the earliest probable hominins, and there are no consistent trends in diet change among these species through time.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ungar, Peter S -- Sponheimer, Matt -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 14;334(6053):190-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1207701.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA. pungar@uark.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21998380" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Carbon Isotopes/analysis ; Dental Enamel/chemistry ; Dentition ; *Diet ; Ecosystem ; Food ; *Fossils ; *Hominidae ; Jaw/anatomy & histology ; Skull/anatomy & histology ; Tooth/anatomy & histology ; Tooth Wear
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2011-01-06
    Description: CD4(+) T regulatory cells (T(regs)), which express the Foxp3 transcription factor, play a critical role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis. Here, we show that in mice, T(regs) were most abundant in the colonic mucosa. The spore-forming component of indigenous intestinal microbiota, particularly clusters IV and XIVa of the genus Clostridium, promoted T(reg) cell accumulation. Colonization of mice by a defined mix of Clostridium strains provided an environment rich in transforming growth factor-beta and affected Foxp3(+) T(reg) number and function in the colon. Oral inoculation of Clostridium during the early life of conventionally reared mice resulted in resistance to colitis and systemic immunoglobulin E responses in adult mice, suggesting a new therapeutic approach to autoimmunity and allergy.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3969237/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3969237/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Atarashi, Koji -- Tanoue, Takeshi -- Shima, Tatsuichiro -- Imaoka, Akemi -- Kuwahara, Tomomi -- Momose, Yoshika -- Cheng, Genhong -- Yamasaki, Sho -- Saito, Takashi -- Ohba, Yusuke -- Taniguchi, Tadatsugu -- Takeda, Kiyoshi -- Hori, Shohei -- Ivanov, Ivaylo I -- Umesaki, Yoshinori -- Itoh, Kikuji -- Honda, Kenya -- R00 DK085329/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI052359/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI056154/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jan 21;331(6015):337-41. doi: 10.1126/science.1198469. Epub 2010 Dec 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21205640" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Cecum/microbiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Clostridium/growth & development/*immunology ; Colitis/immunology/pathology/prevention & control ; Colon/*immunology/metabolism/*microbiology ; Feces/microbiology ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Germ-Free Life ; Immunity, Innate ; Immunoglobulin E/biosynthesis ; Interleukin-10/immunology/metabolism ; Intestinal Mucosa/*immunology/metabolism ; Intestine, Small/immunology ; Metagenome ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred A ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Receptors, Pattern Recognition/physiology ; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/*immunology/metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2011-08-13
    Description: The advent of wood (secondary xylem) is a major event of the Paleozoic Era, facilitating the evolution of large perennial plants. The first steps of wood evolution are unknown. We describe two small Early Devonian (407 to 397 million years ago) plants with secondary xylem including simple rays. Their wood currently represents the earliest evidence of secondary growth in plants. The small size of the plants and the presence of thick-walled cortical cells confirm that wood early evolution was driven by hydraulic constraints rather than by the necessity of mechanical support for increasing height. The plants described here are most probably precursors of lignophytes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gerrienne, Philippe -- Gensel, Patricia G -- Strullu-Derrien, Christine -- Lardeux, Hubert -- Steemans, Philippe -- Prestianni, Cyrille -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 12;333(6044):837. doi: 10.1126/science.1208882.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departement de Geologie, Universite de Liege (U.Lg), B18 Sart Tilman, B-4000 Liege 1, Belgium. P.Gerrienne@ulg.ac.be〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21836008" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Cambium/*anatomy & histology/cytology ; Canada ; Cell Wall/ultrastructure ; Fossils ; France ; Plant Cells ; Plants/*anatomy & histology ; Wood/*anatomy & histology/cytology ; Xylem/anatomy & histology/cytology
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2011-01-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jan 7;331(6013):17. doi: 10.1126/science.331.6013.17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21212329" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis ; Blood/virology ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA Contamination ; Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/*virology ; Humans ; Mice ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Retroviridae Infections/*virology ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Viremia ; Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus/immunology/*isolation & ; purification/pathogenicity
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  • 60
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-10-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 14;334(6053):167. doi: 10.1126/science.334.6053.167.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21998361" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa South of the Sahara ; African Continental Ancestry Group/*genetics ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Fossils ; Genome ; Genome, Human ; Hominidae/*genetics ; Humans ; Radiometric Dating ; Skull/anatomy & histology
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2011-05-28
    Description: Two broad classes of models have been proposed to explain the patterning of the proximal-distal axis of the vertebrate limb (from the shoulder to the digit tips). Differentiating between them, we demonstrate that early limb mesenchyme in the chick is initially maintained in a state capable of generating all limb segments through exposure to a combination of proximal and distal signals. As the limb bud grows, the proximal limb is established through continued exposure to flank-derived signal(s), whereas the developmental program determining the medial and distal segments is initiated in domains that grow beyond proximal influence. In addition, the system we have developed, combining in vitro and in vivo culture, opens the door to a new level of analysis of patterning mechanisms in the limb.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3258580/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3258580/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cooper, Kimberly L -- Hu, Jimmy Kuang-Hsien -- ten Berge, Derk -- Fernandez-Teran, Marian -- Ros, Maria A -- Tabin, Clifford J -- R37 HD032443/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R37 HD032443-17/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R37HD032443/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 May 27;332(6033):1083-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1199499.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Harvard Medical School, Department of Genetics, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21617075" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Body Patterning ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Chick Embryo ; Chondrogenesis ; Culture Media ; Extremities/*embryology ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/metabolism/pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Limb Buds/cytology/*embryology/metabolism ; Mesoderm/cytology/embryology/metabolism ; Neoplasm Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Tretinoin/metabolism/pharmacology ; Wnt Proteins/metabolism/pharmacology
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  • 62
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-01-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jan 28;331(6016):392-4. doi: 10.1126/science.331.6016.392.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21273464" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Animals ; *Anthropology ; *Biological Evolution ; Breeding ; *Genome ; *Genome, Human ; *Hominidae/genetics ; Humans ; *Hybridization, Genetic ; Models, Biological
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-09-03
    Description: How synthetic can "synthetic biology" be? A literal interpretation of the name of this new life science discipline invokes expectations of the systematic construction of biological systems with cells being built module by module--from the bottom up. But can this possibly be achieved, taking into account the enormous complexity and redundancy of living systems, which distinguish them quite remarkably from design features that characterize human inventions? There are several recent developments in biology, in tight conjunction with quantitative disciplines, that may bring this literal perspective into the realm of the possible. However, such bottom-up engineering requires tools that were originally designed by nature's greatest tinkerer: evolution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schwille, Petra -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 2;333(6047):1252-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1211701.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biophysics/BIOTEC, Technische Universitat (TU) Dresden, Tatzberg 47-51, D-01307 Dresden, Germany. schwille@biotec.tu-dresden.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21885774" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Biotechnology ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; *Genetic Engineering ; Interdisciplinary Communication ; *Synthetic Biology
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  • 64
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-05-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kean, Sam -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 May 6;332(6030):654-6. doi: 10.1126/science.332.6030.654.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21551042" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; *Cultural Evolution ; Humans ; *Literature ; *Psychology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2011-05-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balter, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 May 6;332(6030):658-61. doi: 10.1126/science.332.6030.658-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21551045" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Archaeology/history/*methods ; Australia ; *Biological Evolution ; England ; *Geologic Sediments ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Light ; *Luminescent Measurements ; Radiometric Dating ; Silicon Dioxide ; South Africa
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 66
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-01-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balter, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jan 7;331(6013):20-3. doi: 10.1126/science.331.6013.20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21212332" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa South of the Sahara ; Africa, Northern ; Anthropology ; *Biological Evolution ; *Emigration and Immigration ; *Fossils ; Humans ; Paleodontology ; Skull/anatomy & histology ; Time ; Tooth/anatomy & histology
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2011-05-10
    Description: Vascular plants appeared ~410 million years ago, then diverged into several lineages of which only two survive: the euphyllophytes (ferns and seed plants) and the lycophytes. We report here the genome sequence of the lycophyte Selaginella moellendorffii (Selaginella), the first nonseed vascular plant genome reported. By comparing gene content in evolutionarily diverse taxa, we found that the transition from a gametophyte- to a sporophyte-dominated life cycle required far fewer new genes than the transition from a nonseed vascular to a flowering plant, whereas secondary metabolic genes expanded extensively and in parallel in the lycophyte and angiosperm lineages. Selaginella differs in posttranscriptional gene regulation, including small RNA regulation of repetitive elements, an absence of the trans-acting small interfering RNA pathway, and extensive RNA editing of organellar genes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3166216/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3166216/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Banks, Jo Ann -- Nishiyama, Tomoaki -- Hasebe, Mitsuyasu -- Bowman, John L -- Gribskov, Michael -- dePamphilis, Claude -- Albert, Victor A -- Aono, Naoki -- Aoyama, Tsuyoshi -- Ambrose, Barbara A -- Ashton, Neil W -- Axtell, Michael J -- Barker, Elizabeth -- Barker, Michael S -- Bennetzen, Jeffrey L -- Bonawitz, Nicholas D -- Chapple, Clint -- Cheng, Chaoyang -- Correa, Luiz Gustavo Guedes -- Dacre, Michael -- DeBarry, Jeremy -- Dreyer, Ingo -- Elias, Marek -- Engstrom, Eric M -- Estelle, Mark -- Feng, Liang -- Finet, Cedric -- Floyd, Sandra K -- Frommer, Wolf B -- Fujita, Tomomichi -- Gramzow, Lydia -- Gutensohn, Michael -- Harholt, Jesper -- Hattori, Mitsuru -- Heyl, Alexander -- Hirai, Tadayoshi -- Hiwatashi, Yuji -- Ishikawa, Masaki -- Iwata, Mineko -- Karol, Kenneth G -- Koehler, Barbara -- Kolukisaoglu, Uener -- Kubo, Minoru -- Kurata, Tetsuya -- Lalonde, Sylvie -- Li, Kejie -- Li, Ying -- Litt, Amy -- Lyons, Eric -- Manning, Gerard -- Maruyama, Takeshi -- Michael, Todd P -- Mikami, Koji -- Miyazaki, Saori -- Morinaga, Shin-ichi -- Murata, Takashi -- Mueller-Roeber, Bernd -- Nelson, David R -- Obara, Mari -- Oguri, Yasuko -- Olmstead, Richard G -- Onodera, Naoko -- Petersen, Bent Larsen -- Pils, Birgit -- Prigge, Michael -- Rensing, Stefan A -- Riano-Pachon, Diego Mauricio -- Roberts, Alison W -- Sato, Yoshikatsu -- Scheller, Henrik Vibe -- Schulz, Burkhard -- Schulz, Christian -- Shakirov, Eugene V -- Shibagaki, Nakako -- Shinohara, Naoki -- Shippen, Dorothy E -- Sorensen, Iben -- Sotooka, Ryo -- Sugimoto, Nagisa -- Sugita, Mamoru -- Sumikawa, Naomi -- Tanurdzic, Milos -- Theissen, Gunter -- Ulvskov, Peter -- Wakazuki, Sachiko -- Weng, Jing-Ke -- Willats, William W G T -- Wipf, Daniel -- Wolf, Paul G -- Yang, Lixing -- Zimmer, Andreas D -- Zhu, Qihui -- Mitros, Therese -- Hellsten, Uffe -- Loque, Dominique -- Otillar, Robert -- Salamov, Asaf -- Schmutz, Jeremy -- Shapiro, Harris -- Lindquist, Erika -- Lucas, Susan -- Rokhsar, Daniel -- Grigoriev, Igor V -- GM065383/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM84051/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HG004164/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM043644/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM084051/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM084051-01A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004164/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004164-02/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004164-03/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004164-04/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007757/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32-HG00035/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 May 20;332(6032):960-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1203810. Epub 2011 May 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. banksj@purdue.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21551031" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiosperms/chemistry/genetics ; *Biological Evolution ; Bryopsida/genetics ; Chlamydomonas/chemistry/genetics ; DNA Transposable Elements ; Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Genes, Plant ; *Genome, Plant ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Proteome/analysis ; RNA Editing ; RNA, Plant/genetics ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Selaginellaceae/*genetics/growth & development/metabolism ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2011-09-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 16;333(6049):1562. doi: 10.1126/science.333.6049.1562-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21921170" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/*metabolism ; Beetles/*physiology ; *Biological Evolution ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Larva/physiology ; Muramidase/*metabolism ; Selection, Genetic
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2011-10-29
    Description: Germline mutations of the breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) gene are a major cause of familial breast and ovarian cancer. The BRCA1 protein displays E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, and this enzymatic function is thought to be required for tumor suppression. To test this hypothesis, we generated mice that express an enzymatically defective Brca1. We found that this mutant Brca1 prevents tumor formation to the same degree as does wild-type Brca1 in three different genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models of cancer. In contrast, a mutation that ablates phosphoprotein recognition by the BRCA C terminus (BRCT) domains of BRCA1 elicits tumors in each of the three GEM models. Thus, BRCT phosphoprotein recognition, but not the E3 ligase activity, is required for BRCA1 tumor suppression.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3904783/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3904783/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shakya, Reena -- Reid, Latarsha J -- Reczek, Colleen R -- Cole, Francesca -- Egli, Dieter -- Lin, Chyuan-Sheng -- deRooij, Dirk G -- Hirsch, Steffen -- Ravi, Kandasamy -- Hicks, James B -- Szabolcs, Matthias -- Jasin, Maria -- Baer, Richard -- Ludwig, Thomas -- F31-CA132626/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- F32-HD51392/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA097403/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01-CA97403/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA137023/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD040916/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD040916-10/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01-CA137023/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01-HD40916/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- T32-CA09503/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 28;334(6055):525-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1209909.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22034435" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; BRCA1 Protein/chemistry/*metabolism ; Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Disease Models, Animal ; Embryonic Stem Cells/metabolism ; *Genes, BRCA1 ; Ligands ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/*genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/*genetics/metabolism ; Phosphoproteins/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; Protein Multimerization ; RING Finger Domains ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/chemistry/metabolism
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2011-08-20
    Description: Polyploidy, the doubling of genomic content, is a widespread feature, especially among plants, yet its macroevolutionary impacts are contentious. Traditionally, polyploidy has been considered an evolutionary dead end, whereas recent genomic studies suggest that polyploidy has been a key driver of macroevolutionary success. We examined the consequences of polyploidy on the time scale of genera across a diverse set of vascular plants, encompassing hundreds of inferred polyploidization events. Likelihood-based analyses indicate that polyploids generally exhibit lower speciation rates and higher extinction rates than diploids, providing the first quantitative corroboration of the dead-end hypothesis. The increased speciation rates of diploids can, in part, be ascribed to their capacity to speciate via polyploidy. Only particularly fit lineages of polyploids may persist to enjoy longer-term evolutionary success.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mayrose, Itay -- Zhan, Shing H -- Rothfels, Carl J -- Magnuson-Ford, Karen -- Barker, Michael S -- Rieseberg, Loren H -- Otto, Sarah P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 2;333(6047):1257. doi: 10.1126/science.1207205. Epub 2011 Aug 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. itaymay@post.tau.ac.il〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21852456" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiosperms/*genetics ; *Biological Evolution ; Diploidy ; *Extinction, Biological ; Ferns/*genetics ; *Genetic Speciation ; Genome, Plant ; *Polyploidy
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2011-06-04
    Description: Epistatic interactions between mutations play a prominent role in evolutionary theories. Many studies have found that epistasis is widespread, but they have rarely considered beneficial mutations. We analyzed the effects of epistasis on fitness for the first five mutations to fix in an experimental population of Escherichia coli. Epistasis depended on the effects of the combined mutations--the larger the expected benefit, the more negative the epistatic effect. Epistasis thus tended to produce diminishing returns with genotype fitness, although interactions involving one particular mutation had the opposite effect. These data support models in which negative epistasis contributes to declining rates of adaptation over time. Sign epistasis was rare in this genome-wide study, in contrast to its prevalence in an earlier study of mutations in a single gene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Khan, Aisha I -- Dinh, Duy M -- Schneider, Dominique -- Lenski, Richard E -- Cooper, Tim F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jun 3;332(6034):1193-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1203801.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21636772" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; *Biological Evolution ; *Epistasis, Genetic ; Escherichia coli/*genetics/physiology ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genes, Bacterial ; *Genetic Fitness ; Genome, Bacterial ; Genotype ; Models, Genetic ; *Mutation ; Selection, Genetic
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  • 72
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-02-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 25;331(6020):1006-7. doi: 10.1126/science.331.6020.1006.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21350143" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Culicidae/*classification/*genetics ; *DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; Human Genome Project ; Humans ; Phylogeography ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA
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  • 73
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-02-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 25;331(6020):1005-6. doi: 10.1126/science.331.6020.1005-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21350141" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Human Genome Project ; Humans ; Invertebrates/*classification/*genetics ; Phylogeny ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2011-07-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 22;333(6041):394. doi: 10.1126/science.333.6041.394.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21778371" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; *Culture ; *Evolution, Planetary ; Humans ; *Knowledge ; *Religion and Science ; Science ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United States ; United States Government Agencies
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2011-09-17
    Description: The fossil record of early feathers has relied on carbonized compressions that lack fine structural detail. Specimens in amber are preserved in greater detail, but they are rare. Late Cretaceous coal-rich strata from western Canada provide the richest and most diverse Mesozoic feather assemblage yet reported from amber. The fossils include primitive structures closely matching the protofeathers of nonavian dinosaurs, offering new insights into their structure and function. Additional derived morphologies confirm that plumage specialized for flight and underwater diving had evolved in Late Cretaceous birds. Because amber preserves feather structure and pigmentation in unmatched detail, these fossils provide novel insights regarding feather evolution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McKellar, Ryan C -- Chatterton, Brian D E -- Wolfe, Alexander P -- Currie, Philip J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 16;333(6049):1619-22. doi: 10.1126/science.1203344.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada. rcm1@ualberta.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21921196" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amber ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Birds/*anatomy & histology ; Canada ; Dinosaurs/*anatomy & histology ; Feathers/*anatomy & histology ; *Fossils ; *Pigmentation
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2011-04-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 15;332(6027):295. doi: 10.1126/science.332.6027.295.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21493834" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Biological Science Disciplines/*education ; *Climate Change ; Education/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Religion and Science ; Teaching/legislation & jurisprudence ; Tennessee
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2011-01-29
    Description: Hypertrophic scarring and poor intrinsic axon growth capacity constitute major obstacles for spinal cord repair. These processes are tightly regulated by microtubule dynamics. Here, moderate microtubule stabilization decreased scar formation after spinal cord injury in rodents through various cellular mechanisms, including dampening of transforming growth factor-beta signaling. It prevented accumulation of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and rendered the lesion site permissive for axon regeneration of growth-competent sensory neurons. Microtubule stabilization also promoted growth of central nervous system axons of the Raphe-spinal tract and led to functional improvement. Thus, microtubule stabilization reduces fibrotic scarring and enhances the capacity of axons to grow.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3330754/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3330754/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hellal, Farida -- Hurtado, Andres -- Ruschel, Jorg -- Flynn, Kevin C -- Laskowski, Claudia J -- Umlauf, Martina -- Kapitein, Lukas C -- Strikis, Dinara -- Lemmon, Vance -- Bixby, John -- Hoogenraad, Casper C -- Bradke, Frank -- R01 HD057632/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD057632-04/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS059866/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS059866-03/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS059866-04/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 18;331(6019):928-31. doi: 10.1126/science.1201148. Epub 2011 Jan 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Axonal Growth and Regeneration Group, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21273450" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/*physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans/metabolism ; Cicatrix/pathology/*prevention & control ; Female ; Ganglia, Spinal/cytology ; Kinesin/metabolism ; Microtubules/drug effects/*metabolism ; Paclitaxel/*administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Protein Transport ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sensory Receptor Cells/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Smad2 Protein/metabolism ; Spinal Cord/cytology/drug effects ; Spinal Cord Injuries/*drug therapy/pathology/*physiopathology ; *Spinal Cord Regeneration ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2011-09-10
    Description: Hand bones from a single individual with a clear taxonomic affiliation are scarce in the hominin fossil record, which has hampered understanding the evolution of manipulative abilities in hominins. Here we describe and analyze a nearly complete wrist and hand of an adult female [Malapa Hominin 2 (MH2)] Australopithecus sediba from Malapa, South Africa (1.977 million years ago). The hand presents a suite of Australopithecus-like features, such as a strong flexor apparatus associated with arboreal locomotion, and Homo-like features, such as a long thumb and short fingers associated with precision gripping and possibly stone tool production. Comparisons to other fossil hominins suggest that there were at least two distinct hand morphotypes around the Plio-Pleistocene transition. The MH2 fossils suggest that Au. sediba may represent a basal condition associated with early stone tool use and production.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kivell, Tracy L -- Kibii, Job M -- Churchill, Steven E -- Schmid, Peter -- Berger, Lee R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 9;333(6048):1411-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1202625. Epub 2011 Sep 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig 04103, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21903806" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Carpal Bones/anatomy & histology ; Female ; Finger Phalanges/anatomy & histology ; *Fossils ; Hand/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Hand Bones/*anatomy & histology ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology/classification/physiology ; Humans ; Locomotion ; Metacarpal Bones/anatomy & histology ; Motor Activity ; South Africa ; Thumb/anatomy & histology ; Tool Use Behavior
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2011-10-15
    Description: The conceptual ability to source, combine, and store substances that enhance technology or social practices represents a benchmark in the evolution of complex human cognition. Excavations in 2008 at Blombos Cave, South Africa, revealed a processing workshop where a liquefied ochre-rich mixture was produced and stored in two Haliotis midae (abalone) shells 100,000 years ago. Ochre, bone, charcoal, grindstones, and hammerstones form a composite part of this production toolkit. The application of the mixture is unknown, but possibilities include decoration and skin protection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Henshilwood, Christopher S -- d'Errico, Francesco -- van Niekerk, Karen L -- Coquinot, Yvan -- Jacobs, Zenobia -- Lauritzen, Stein-Erik -- Menu, Michel -- Garcia-Moreno, Renata -- 249587/European Research Council/International -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 14;334(6053):219-22. doi: 10.1126/science.1211535.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Archaeology, History, Culture and Religion, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. christopher.henshilwood@ahkr.uib.no〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21998386" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; *Cognition ; Coloring Agents/*history ; *Geologic Sediments ; Geological Phenomena ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; South Africa
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  • 80
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-12-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kutschera, U -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Dec 9;334(6061):1347; author reply 1347-8. doi: 10.1126/science.334.6061.1347-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22158803" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Energy Metabolism ; *Predatory Behavior ; Scyphozoa/*anatomy & histology/*physiology
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  • 81
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-08-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wray, Gregory A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 19;333(6045):946-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1210771.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology and Institute for Genome Sciences & Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA. gwray@duke.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21852480" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Conserved Sequence ; DNA, Intergenic/genetics ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Developmental ; Genome ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Proteins/genetics ; *Regulatory Elements, Transcriptional ; *Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Selection, Genetic ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; Vertebrates/*genetics
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2011-08-27
    Description: MED23 is a subunit of the Mediator complex, a key regulator of protein-coding gene expression. Here, we report a missense mutation (p. R617Q) in MED23 that cosegregates with nonsyndromic autosomal recessive intellectual disability. This mutation specifically impaired the response of JUN and FOS immediate early genes (IEGs) to serum mitogens by altering the interaction between enhancer-bound transcription factors (TCF4 and ELK1, respectively) and Mediator. Transcriptional dysregulation of these genes was also observed in cells derived from patients presenting with other neurological disorders linked to mutations in other Mediator subunits or proteins interacting with MED. These findings highlight the crucial role of Mediator in brain development and functioning and suggest that altered IEG expression might be a common molecular hallmark of cognitive deficit.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hashimoto, Satoru -- Boissel, Sarah -- Zarhrate, Mohammed -- Rio, Marlene -- Munnich, Arnold -- Egly, Jean-Marc -- Colleaux, Laurence -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 26;333(6046):1161-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1206638.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/Universite de Strasbourg, BP 163, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, C. U. Strasbourg, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21868677" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; Early Growth Response Protein 1/genetics ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genes, Immediate-Early ; Genes, fos ; Genes, jun ; Histones/metabolism ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability/*genetics ; Male ; Mediator Complex/*genetics ; *Mutation, Missense ; Pedigree ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Transcriptional Activation ; ets-Domain Protein Elk-1/metabolism
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  • 83
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-02-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉deMenocal, Peter B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 4;331(6017):540-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1190683.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA. peter@ldeo.columbia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21292958" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Africa ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Climate Change ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Extinction, Biological ; Fossils ; Genetic Speciation ; *Hominidae ; Humans ; Ruminants ; Time
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  • 84
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-07-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brockhurst, Michael A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 8;333(6039):166-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1209420.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. michael.brockhurst@liv.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21737728" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*genetics/*microbiology/physiology ; Extinction, Biological ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Hermaphroditic Organisms ; *Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Male ; Models, Animal ; *Reproduction ; *Selection, Genetic ; Self-Fertilization ; Serratia marcescens/genetics/*physiology ; *Sex
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2011-03-10
    Description: The evolution of high-crowned molars among horses (Family Equidae) is thought to be an adaptation for abrasive diets associated with the spread of grasslands. The sharpness and relief of the worn cusp apices of teeth (mesowear) are a measure of dietary abrasion. We collected mesowear data for North American Equidae for the past 55.5 million years to test the association of molar height and dietary abrasion. Mesowear trends in horses are reflective of global cooling and associated vegetation changes. There is a strong correlation between mesowear and crown height in horses; however, most horse paleopopulations had highly variable amounts of dietary abrasion, suggesting that selective pressures for crown height may have been weak much of the time. However, instances of higher abrasion were observed in some paleopopulations, suggesting intervals of stronger selection for the evolution of dentitions, including the early Miocene shortly before the first appearance of Equinae, the horse subfamily in which high-crowned dentitions evolved.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mihlbachler, Matthew C -- Rivals, Florent -- Solounias, Nikos -- Semprebon, Gina M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Mar 4;331(6021):1178-81. doi: 10.1126/science.1196166.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anatomy, New York College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA. mmihlbac@nyit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21385712" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Climate ; *Dentition ; *Diet ; *Equidae/anatomy & histology/classification ; *Fossils ; Horses/anatomy & histology/classification ; Molar/*anatomy & histology ; North America ; Paleodontology ; Phylogeny ; Poaceae ; Tooth Crown/*anatomy & histology ; Tooth Wear
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  • 86
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-12-18
    Description: Carbon and water flow between plants and the atmosphere is regulated by the opening and closing of minute stomatal pores in surfaces of leaves. By changing the aperture of stomata, plants regulate water loss and photosynthetic carbon gain in response to many environmental stimuli, but stomatal movements cannot yet be reliably predicted. We found that the complexity that characterizes stomatal control in seed plants is absent in early-diverging vascular plant lineages. Lycophyte and fern stomata are shown to lack key responses to abscisic acid and epidermal cell turgor, making their behavior highly predictable. These results indicate that a fundamental transition from passive to active metabolic control of plant water balance occurred after the divergence of ferns about 360 million years ago.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brodribb, Tim J -- McAdam, Scott A M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 4;331(6017):582-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1197985. Epub 2010 Dec 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Plant Science, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia. timothyb@utas.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21163966" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abscisic Acid/metabolism/pharmacology ; Angiosperms/metabolism/*physiology ; *Biological Evolution ; Ferns/metabolism/*physiology ; Gymnosperms/metabolism/*physiology ; Light ; Lycopodiaceae/metabolism/*physiology ; Plant Epidermis/metabolism ; Plant Leaves/*metabolism ; Plant Stomata/cytology/*physiology ; Plant Transpiration ; Vapor Pressure ; Water/metabolism
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2012-01-10
    Description: Complex worker caste systems have contributed to the evolutionary success of advanced ant societies; however, little is known about the developmental processes underlying their origin and evolution. We combined hormonal manipulation, gene expression, and phylogenetic analyses with field observations to understand how novel worker subcastes evolve. We uncovered an ancestral developmental potential to produce a "supersoldier" subcaste that has been actualized at least two times independently in the hyperdiverse ant genus Pheidole. This potential has been retained and can be environmentally induced throughout the genus. Therefore, the retention and induction of this potential have facilitated the parallel evolution of supersoldiers through a process known as genetic accommodation. The recurrent induction of ancestral developmental potential may facilitate the adaptive and parallel evolution of phenotypes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rajakumar, Rajendhran -- San Mauro, Diego -- Dijkstra, Michiel B -- Huang, Ming H -- Wheeler, Diana E -- Hiou-Tim, Francois -- Khila, Abderrahman -- Cournoyea, Michael -- Abouheif, Ehab -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jan 6;335(6064):79-82. doi: 10.1126/science.1211451.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Avenue Dr. Penfield, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3A 1B1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22223805" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ants/*genetics/growth & development/physiology ; *Biological Evolution ; Environment ; Female ; Genes, Insect ; Larva/growth & development ; Male ; Methoprene/pharmacology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phenotype ; Phylogeny ; Selection, Genetic ; Social Behavior ; Wings, Animal/growth & development
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2012-10-09
    Description: Although synaptic transmission may be unidirectional, the establishment of synaptic connections with specific properties can involve bidirectional signaling. Pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus form functionally distinct synapses onto two types of interneurons. Excitatory synapses onto oriens-lacunosum moleculare (O-LM) interneurons are facilitating and have a low release probability, whereas synapses onto parvalbumin interneurons are depressing and have a high release probability. Here, we show that the extracellular leucine-rich repeat fibronectin containing 1 (Elfn1) protein is selectively expressed by O-LM interneurons and regulates presynaptic release probability to direct the formation of highly facilitating pyramidal-O-LM synapses. Thus, postsynaptic expression of Elfn1 in O-LM interneurons regulates presynaptic release probability, which confers target-specific synaptic properties to pyramidal cell axons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sylwestrak, Emily L -- Ghosh, Anirvan -- R01 NS067216/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01NS067216/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Oct 26;338(6106):536-40. doi: 10.1126/science.1222482. Epub 2012 Oct 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0366, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23042292" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/metabolism ; CA1 Region, Hippocampal/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Interneurons/*metabolism ; Mice ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred LEC ; Synapses/genetics/*metabolism ; Synaptic Transmission
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  • 89
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2012-11-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burdett, Alfred Nigel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Nov 9;338(6108):741-2. doi: 10.1126/science.338.6108.741.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23139313" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; *Language
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2012-07-24
    Description: Diseases of the esophageal epithelium (EE), such as reflux esophagitis and cancer, are rising in incidence. Despite this, the cellular behaviors underlying EE homeostasis and repair remain controversial. Here, we show that in mice, EE is maintained by a single population of cells that divide stochastically to generate proliferating and differentiating daughters with equal probability. In response to challenge with all-trans retinoic acid (atRA), the balance of daughter cell fate is unaltered, but the rate of cell division increases. However, after wounding, cells reversibly switch to producing an excess of proliferating daughters until the wound has closed. Such fate-switching enables a single progenitor population to both maintain and repair tissue without the need for a "reserve" slow-cycling stem cell pool.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3527005/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3527005/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Doupe, David P -- Alcolea, Maria P -- Roshan, Amit -- Zhang, Gen -- Klein, Allon M -- Simons, Benjamin D -- Jones, Philip H -- 079249/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 092096/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G0601740/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0700600/1/National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research/United Kingdom -- G0800784/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U105370181/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- U.1053.00.010(70181)/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Aug 31;337(6098):1091-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1218835. Epub 2012 Jul 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council (MRC) Cancer Cell Unit, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22821983" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomarkers/analysis ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Doxycycline/pharmacology ; Epithelial Cells/*physiology ; Epithelium/drug effects/metabolism/*physiology ; Esophagus/*cytology/*physiology ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/biosynthesis ; Histones/biosynthesis ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/biosynthesis ; *Regeneration ; Stem Cells/metabolism/*physiology
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2012-02-22
    Description: McKellar et al. (Reports, 16 September 2011, p. 1619) analyzed Late Cretaceous amber specimens from Canada and identified some filaments as dinosaurian protofeathers. We argue that their analysis and data do not provide sufficient evidence to conclude that such filaments are feather-like structures. Further investigation, including destructive sampling, must be carried out for more convincing conclusions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dove, Carla J -- Straker, Lorian C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Feb 17;335(6070):796; author reply 796. doi: 10.1126/science.1216208.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Division of Birds, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA. dovec@si.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22344430" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Birds/*anatomy & histology ; Dinosaurs/*anatomy & histology ; Feathers/*anatomy & histology ; *Fossils ; *Pigmentation
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2012-08-28
    Description: Mucus clearance is the primary defense mechanism that protects airways from inhaled infectious and toxic agents. In the current gel-on-liquid mucus clearance model, a mucus gel is propelled on top of a "watery" periciliary layer surrounding the cilia. However, this model fails to explain the formation of a distinct mucus layer in health or why mucus clearance fails in disease. We propose a gel-on-brush model in which the periciliary layer is occupied by membrane-spanning mucins and mucopolysaccharides densely tethered to the airway surface. This brush prevents mucus penetration into the periciliary space and causes mucus to form a distinct layer. The relative osmotic moduli of the mucus and periciliary brush layers explain both the stability of mucus clearance in health and its failure in airway disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3633213/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3633213/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Button, Brian -- Cai, Li-Heng -- Ehre, Camille -- Kesimer, Mehmet -- Hill, David B -- Sheehan, John K -- Boucher, Richard C -- Rubinstein, Michael -- HHSN268200900020/PHS HHS/ -- K01DK080847/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P01HL108808/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01HL110873-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01HL34322/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P30DK065988/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P50HL107168/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P50HL107168-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL103940/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01HL077546/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01HL103940/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- UL1-RR025747/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Aug 24;337(6097):937-41. doi: 10.1126/science.1223012.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cystic Fibrosis Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7248, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22923574" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cells, Cultured ; Cilia/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Gels ; Glycosaminoglycans/*physiology ; Humans ; Lung/*physiology ; Lung Diseases/physiopathology ; *Models, Biological ; Mucins/*physiology ; *Mucociliary Clearance ; Mucus/*physiology ; Osmotic Pressure ; Respiratory Mucosa/*physiology/ultrastructure
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  • 93
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2012-06-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Droser, Mary L -- Gehling, James G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jun 29;336(6089):1646-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1223848.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. mary.droser@ucr.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22745409" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Fossils
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  • 94
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2012-11-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Larson, Susan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Oct 26;338(6106):478-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1230128.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA. susan.larson@stonybrook.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23112319" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology ; Humans ; *Locomotion ; Scapula/*anatomy & histology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2012-01-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Greg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jan 6;335(6064):33-5. doi: 10.1126/science.335.6064.33.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22223790" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Afghan Campaign 2001- ; Animals ; Axons/pathology ; Blast Injuries/pathology/*physiopathology ; Brain Injuries/epidemiology/pathology/*physiopathology ; Cells, Cultured ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Integrins/metabolism ; Iraq War, 2003-2011 ; Neurons/physiology ; Tissue Engineering ; Vasospasm, Intracranial/pathology/physiopathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2012-01-28
    Description: Patterns of species richness and relative abundance at some scales cannot be distinguished from predictions of null models, including zero-sum neutral models of population change and random speciation-extinction models of evolutionary diversification. Both models predict that species richness or population abundance produced by independent iterations of the same processes in different regions should be uncorrelated. We find instead that the number of species and individuals in families of trees in forest plots are strongly correlated across Southeast Asia, Africa, and tropical America. These correlations imply that deterministic processes influenced by evolutionarily conservative family-level traits constrain the number of confamilial tree species and individuals that can be supported in regional species pools and local assemblages in humid tropical forests.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ricklefs, Robert E -- Renner, Susanne S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jan 27;335(6067):464-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1215182.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, MO 63121-4499, USA. ricklefs@umsl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22282811" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa, Western ; Asia, Southeastern ; *Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; Genetic Speciation ; Geography ; South America ; *Trees ; Tropical Climate
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2012-12-15
    Description: Mammalian imprinted genes often cluster with long noncoding (lnc) RNAs. Three lncRNAs that induce parental-specific silencing show hallmarks indicating that their transcription is more important than their product. To test whether Airn transcription or product silences the Igf2r gene, we shortened the endogenous lncRNA to different lengths. The results excluded a role for spliced and unspliced Airn lncRNA products and for Airn nuclear size and location in silencing Igf2r. Instead, silencing only required Airn transcriptional overlap of the Igf2r promoter, which interferes with RNA polymerase II recruitment in the absence of repressive chromatin. Such a repressor function for lncRNA transcriptional overlap reveals a gene silencing mechanism that may be widespread in the mammalian genome, given the abundance of lncRNA transcripts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Latos, Paulina A -- Pauler, Florian M -- Koerner, Martha V -- Senergin, H Basak -- Hudson, Quanah J -- Stocsits, Roman R -- Allhoff, Wolfgang -- Stricker, Stefan H -- Klement, Ruth M -- Warczok, Katarzyna E -- Aumayr, Karin -- Pasierbek, Pawel -- Barlow, Denise P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Dec 14;338(6113):1469-72. doi: 10.1126/science.1228110.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23239737" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alternative Splicing ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; *Gene Silencing ; *Genomic Imprinting ; Mice ; Multigene Family ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA Polymerase II/metabolism ; RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptor, IGF Type 2/*genetics ; *Transcription, Genetic
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2012-03-31
    Description: The occurrence and magnitude of disease outbreaks can strongly influence host evolution. In particular, when hosts face a resistance-fecundity trade-off, they might evolve increased resistance to infection during larger epidemics but increased susceptibility during smaller ones. We tested this theoretical prediction by using a zooplankton-yeast host-parasite system in which ecological factors determine epidemic size. Lakes with high productivity and low predation pressure had large yeast epidemics; during these outbreaks, hosts became more resistant to infection. However, with low productivity and high predation, epidemics remained small and hosts evolved increased susceptibility. Thus, by modulating disease outbreaks, ecological context (productivity and predation) shaped host evolution during epidemics. Consequently, anthropogenic alteration of productivity and predation might strongly influence both ecological and evolutionary outcomes of disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Duffy, Meghan A -- Ochs, Jessica Housley -- Penczykowski, Rachel M -- Civitello, David J -- Klausmeier, Christopher A -- Hall, Spencer R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 30;335(6076):1636-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1215429.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0230, USA. duffy@gatech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22461614" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Daphnia/*microbiology/*physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Fishes ; *Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Indiana ; *Lakes ; Male ; Metschnikowia/*pathogenicity ; Models, Biological ; Population Dynamics ; Predatory Behavior ; Reproduction ; Zooplankton/microbiology/physiology
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2012-01-28
    Description: During the activation of humoral immune responses, B cells acquire antigen for subsequent presentation to cognate T cells. Here we show that after mouse B cells accumulate antigen, it is maintained in a polarized distribution for extended periods in vivo. Using high-throughput imaging flow cytometry, we observed that this polarization is preserved during B cell division, promoting asymmetric antigen segregation among progeny. Antigen inheritance correlates with the ability of progeny to activate T cells: Daughter cells receiving larger antigen stores exhibit a prolonged capacity to present antigen, which renders them more effective in competing for T cell help. The generation of progeny with differential capacities for antigen presentation may have implications for somatic hypermutation and class switching during affinity maturation and as B cells commit to effector cell fates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thaunat, Olivier -- Granja, Aitor G -- Barral, Patricia -- Filby, Andrew -- Montaner, Beatriz -- Collinson, Lucy -- Martinez-Martin, Nuria -- Harwood, Naomi E -- Bruckbauer, Andreas -- Batista, Facundo D -- Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jan 27;335(6067):475-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1214100.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lymphocyte Interaction Laboratory, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22282815" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antigen Presentation ; Antigens/*analysis/*immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/cytology/*immunology ; Cell Division ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Coculture Techniques ; Computer Simulation ; Flow Cytometry ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Models, Immunological ; Muramidase/analysis/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2012-09-08
    Description: Reestablishing homeostasis after tissue damage depends on the proper organization of stem cells and their progeny, though the repair mechanisms are unclear. The mammalian intestinal epithelium is well suited to approach this problem, as it is composed of well-delineated units called crypts of Lieberkuhn. We found that Wnt5a, a noncanonical Wnt ligand, was required for crypt regeneration after injury in mice. Unlike controls, Wnt5a-deficient mice maintained an expanded population of proliferative epithelial cells in the wound. We used an in vitro system to enrich for intestinal epithelial stem cells to discover that Wnt5a inhibited proliferation of these cells. Surprisingly, the effects of Wnt5a were mediated by activation of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling. These findings suggest a Wnt5a-dependent mechanism for forming new crypt units to reestablish homeostasis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3706630/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3706630/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miyoshi, Hiroyuki -- Ajima, Rieko -- Luo, Christine T -- Yamaguchi, Terry P -- Stappenbeck, Thaddeus S -- 5T35DK074375/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK90251/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30-DK52574/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK071619/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Oct 5;338(6103):108-13. doi: 10.1126/science.1223821. Epub 2012 Sep 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22956684" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Movement/drug effects/physiology ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Colon/embryology/*injuries/*physiology ; Culture Media, Conditioned/pharmacology ; Homeostasis/drug effects/physiology ; Intestinal Mucosa/embryology/injuries/physiology ; Ligands ; Mesoderm/cytology/embryology ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-like Orphan Receptors/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/cytology/drug effects/physiology ; Tamoxifen/pharmacology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/*metabolism ; Wnt Proteins/genetics/pharmacology/*physiology ; Wound Healing/drug effects/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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