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  • 1
    Description / Table of Contents: A major rifting episode began in the Afar region of northern Ethiopia in September 2005. Over a ten-day period, c. 2.5 km3 of magma were intruded along a 60 km-long dyke separating the Arabian and Nubian plates. Over the next five years, a further 13 dyke intrusions caused continued extension, eruptions and seismicity. This activity led to a renewed international focus on the role of magmatism in rifting, with major international collaborative projects working in Afar and Ethiopia to study the ongoing activity and to place it in a broader context. This book brings together articles that explore the role of magmatism in rifting, from the initiation of continental break-up through to full seafloor spreading. We also explore the hazards related to rifting and the associated volcanism. This work has implications for our understanding of how continents break-up and the associated distribution of resources in rift basins and continental margins.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 374 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9781862397293
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-01-06
    Description: Apicomplexan parasites invade host cells and immediately initiate cell division. The extracellular parasite discharges transmembrane proteins onto its surface to mediate motility and invasion. These are shed by intramembrane cleavage, a process associated with invasion but otherwise poorly understood. Functional analysis of Toxoplasma rhomboid 4, a surface intramembrane protease, by conditional overexpression of a catalytically inactive form produced a profound block in replication. This was completely rescued by expression of the cleaved cytoplasmic tail of Toxoplasma or Plasmodium apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1). These results reveal an unexpected function for AMA1 in parasite replication and suggest that invasion proteins help to promote parasite switch from an invasive to a replicative mode.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Santos, Joana M -- Ferguson, David J P -- Blackman, Michael J -- Soldati-Favre, Dominique -- MC_U117532063/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- U117532063/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jan 28;331(6016):473-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1199284. Epub 2010 Dec 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 rue-Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21205639" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigens, Protozoan/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Division ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Fibroblasts/parasitology ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Movement ; Mutant Proteins/metabolism ; Plasmodium falciparum ; Protozoan Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Serine Proteases/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Toxoplasma/cytology/growth & development/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2012-01-17
    Description: Exocytosis is essential to the lytic cycle of apicomplexan parasites and required for the pathogenesis of toxoplasmosis and malaria. DOC2 proteins recruit the membrane fusion machinery required for exocytosis in a Ca(2+)-dependent fashion. Here, the phenotype of a Toxoplasma gondii conditional mutant impaired in host cell invasion and egress was pinpointed to a defect in secretion of the micronemes, an apicomplexan-specific organelle that contains adhesion proteins. Whole-genome sequencing identified the etiological point mutation in TgDOC2.1. A conditional allele of the orthologous gene engineered into Plasmodium falciparum was also defective in microneme secretion. However, the major effect was on invasion, suggesting that microneme secretion is dispensable for Plasmodium egress.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3354045/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3354045/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Farrell, Andrew -- Thirugnanam, Sivasakthivel -- Lorestani, Alexander -- Dvorin, Jeffrey D -- Eidell, Keith P -- Ferguson, David J P -- Anderson-White, Brooke R -- Duraisingh, Manoj T -- Marth, Gabor T -- Gubbels, Marc-Jan -- AI057919/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI081220/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI087874/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI088314/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HG004719/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- K08 AI087874/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- K08 AI087874-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI057919/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004719/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R21 AI081220/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21 AI088314/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jan 13;335(6065):218-21. doi: 10.1126/science.1210829.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22246776" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; *Exocytosis ; Genes, Protozoan ; Genetic Complementation Test ; Genome, Protozoan ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Movement ; Mutagenesis ; Organelles/*metabolism ; Plasmodium falciparum/genetics/growth & development/physiology ; Point Mutation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protozoan Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Toxoplasma/genetics/growth & development/*physiology/ultrastructure
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2013-07-05
    Description: Investigations of a variety of continental rifts and margins worldwide have revealed that a considerable volume of melt can intrude into the crust during continental breakup, modifying its composition and thermal structure. However, it is unclear whether the cause of voluminous melt production at volcanic rifts is primarily increased mantle temperature or plate thinning. Also disputed is the extent to which plate stretching or thinning is uniform or varies with depth with the entire continental lithospheric mantle potentially being removed before plate rupture. Here we show that the extensive magmatism during rifting along the southern Red Sea rift in Afar, a unique region of sub-aerial transition from continental to oceanic rifting, is driven by deep melting of hotter-than-normal asthenosphere. Petrogenetic modelling shows that melts are predominantly generated at depths greater than 80 kilometres, implying the existence of a thick upper thermo-mechanical boundary layer in a rift system approaching the point of plate rupture. Numerical modelling of rift development shows that when breakup occurs at the slow extension rates observed in Afar, the survival of a thick plate is an inevitable consequence of conductive cooling of the lithosphere, even when the underlying asthenosphere is hot. Sustained magmatic activity during rifting in Afar thus requires persistently high mantle temperatures, which would allow melting at high pressure beneath the thick plate. If extensive plate thinning does occur during breakup it must do so abruptly at a late stage, immediately before the formation of the new ocean basin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ferguson, D J -- Maclennan, J -- Bastow, I D -- Pyle, D M -- Jones, S M -- Keir, D -- Blundy, J D -- Plank, T -- Yirgu, G -- England -- Nature. 2013 Jul 4;499(7456):70-3. doi: 10.1038/nature12292.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964, USA. davef@ldeo.columbia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23823795" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Cambridge University Press, 2004. This article is posted here by permission of Cambridge University Press for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Parasitology 128 (2004): 577-584, doi:10.1017/S0031182004005025.
    Description: Human serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is necessary and sufficient for the short-term maintenance of Plasmodium falciparum in in vitro culture. However, at high concentrations it is toxic to the parasite. A heat-labile component is apparently responsible for the stage-specific toxicity to parasites within infected erythrocytes 12–42 h after invasion, i.e. during trophozoite maturation. The effects of HDL on parasite metabolism (as determined by nucleic acid synthesis) are evident at about 30 h after invasion. Parasites treated with HDL show gross abnormalities by light and electron microscopy.
    Description: Professor Hajduk was supported by NIH. Professor Day was supported by a Research Leave Fellowship from The Wellcome Trust. Dr Imrie and Ms Carter were supported by Programme Grant funding awarded to Professor Day from The Wellcome Trust. Dr Ferguson was supported by an equipment grant from The Wellcome Trust.
    Keywords: Plasmodium falciparum ; High density lipoprotein
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: 179037 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The influence of the two surface structures of Neisseria meningitidis, capsule and pili, in bacterial interactions with human endothelial cells was investigated. Increased association correlated with the presence of pili on bacteria while capsule type had no apparent effect. Strains expressing both Class I and Class II pili associated with endothelial cells in significantly larger numbers compared with the non-piliated variants of the same strains (〉10×). Variants of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain P9 expressing antigenically distinct pili also associated with endothelial cells in larger numbers (〉30×) compared with the non-piliated variant. Electron microscopic studies confirmed these data and showed that gonococci were internalized more frequently compared with meningococci. One consequence of increased association was an increase in the cytopathic effect of bacteria on the target cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Parvovirus B19 is a single-stranded DNA virus with a specific tropism for human erythroid precursor cells. The virus codes for two overlapping structural (capsid) proteins and one non-structural protein which is thought to perform essential functions in viral replication, transcription and packaging. The ultrastructural localization of these proteins was achieved in cultured haemopoietic cells derived from fetal liver which had been infected in vitro and subsequently embedded in LR White acrylic resin. Postembedding immunogold detection of B19 structural and non-structural proteins was combined with localization of viral nucleic acid by in situ hybridization using a digoxigenin-labelled probe and different sized gold labels. The majority of the B19 capsid protein and DNA present in cells harvested 48 hours post-infection co-localized within the centri-nuclear region of erythroid cells demonstrating characteristic chromatin margination. Relatively little DNA hybridization signal was present over paracrystalline inclusions strongly labelled with anti-capsid protein monoclonal antibody R92F6. Viral DNA and capsid protein were co-localized in apparent egress from the nucleus through nuclear pores. B19 non-structural protein was detected in association with both nuclear and cytoplasmic arrays of capsids, supporting the view that this protein plays an important role in viral packaging and remains associated with the complete viral particle until its release from the cell. Co-localization of viral nucleic acid and proteins at the ultrastructural level is a flexible, rapid and highly specific tool for examination of viral life-cycles within cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The feasibility of using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to identify the position of specific DNA sequences was examined using a Y chromosome ‘specific’ probe (pHY2.1). Tests were carried out on chromosome spreads hybridizedin situ with biotinylated pHY2.1. Chromosomal sites of hybridization of the probe were localized by an indirect immunohistochemical procedure which resulted in a gold product which could be amplified by silver precipitation. In the SEM, the specific location of the probe was easily identified due to the enhanced signal produced by the gold—silver complex. The probe was localized both on the long arm of the Y chromosome and within interphase nuclei. It was found that SEM was more sensitive than light microscopy since the probe could be identified without silver amplification. With refinements to the technique, SEM could provide a useful method for high resolution localizing of unique DNA sequences (i.e. single copy genes).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Parasitology research 75 (1989), S. 599-603 
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The incidence and effect of tissue cyst rupture in the brains of mice chronically infected withToxoplasma gondii was studied by immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy. Cyst rupture was extremely rare (2 of 750 tissue cysts) irrespective of the interval post-infection. The event was associated with a rapid cell-mediated immune response, giving rise to microglial or inflammatory nodules. Macrophages were observed to engulf and degrade the cystozoites and cyst debris. Initially, the nodules contained large amounts of immunologically reactive material, but this was degraded with the majority (94%) of lesions containing no recognizable parasites orToxoplasma antigens. There was little evidence of parasite multiplication or new cyst formation associated with cyst rupture. This study shows that although intermittent cyst rupture occurs, in immunocompetent individuals the immune response limits the potential damage from the release of large numbers of infective organisms to small microglial/inflammatory nodules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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