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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2012-02-22
    Description: Estrogen receptor (ER) binds to distal enhancers within the genome and requires additional factors, such as the Forkhead protein FoxA1, for mediating chromatin interactions. We now show that the human Groucho protein, Transducin-like enhancer protein 1 (TLE1), positively assists some ER-chromatin interactions, a role that is distinct from its general role as a transcriptional repressor. We show that specific silencing of TLE1 inhibits the ability of ER to bind to a subset of ER binding sites within the genome, a phenomenon that results in perturbations in phospho-RNA Pol II recruitment. Furthermore, TLE1 is essential for effective ER-mediated cell division. We have discovered a distinct role for TLE1, as a necessary transcriptional component of the ER complex, where it facilitates ER-chromatin interactions.
    Keywords: Breast Cancer Special Feature
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2015-01-16
    Description: We report the experimental observation of circular polarization switching (PS) and polarization bistability (PB) in a 1300 nm dilute nitride spin-vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL). We demonstrate that the circularly polarized optical signal at 1300 nm can gradually or abruptly switch the polarization ellipticity of the spin-VCSEL from right-to-left circular polarization and vice versa. Moreover, different forms of PS and PB between right- and left-circular polarizations are observed by controlling the injection strength and the initial wavelength detuning. These results obtained at the telecom wavelength of 1300 nm open the door for novel uses of spin-VCSELs in polarization sensitive applications in future optical systems.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2009-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0257-8972
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-3347
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2014-04-02
    Description: Knowledge and understanding about radionuclides retention processes on the materials composing the engineered barrier (clay mineral and metallic container waste) are required to ensure the safety and the long-term performance of radioactive waste disposal. Therefore, the present study focuses on the competitiveness of clay and the metallic container in the process of adsorption/desorption of the radionuclides simulators of Am 3+ and UO 2 2+ . For this purpose, a comparative study of the interaction of samarium (chosen as chemical analog for trivalent americium) and zirconyl (as simulator of uranyl and tetravalent actinides) with both FEBEX bentonite and metallic container, under subcritical conditions, was carried out. The results revealed that the AISI-316L steel container, chemical composition detailed in Table 1 , immobilized the high-radioactive waste (HRW), even during the corrosion process. The ZrO 2+ was irreversibly adsorbed on the minireactor surface. In the case of samarium SEM/EDX analysis revealed the formation of an insoluble phase of samarium silicate on the container surface. There was no evidence of samarium diffusion through the metallic container. Samarium remained adsorbed by the container also after desorption experiment with water. Therefore, steel canister is actively involved in the HRW immobilization.
    Print ISSN: 0003-004X
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-3027
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2014-11-06
    Description: We experimentally demonstrate the control of the light polarization emitted by a 1310 nm dilute nitride spin-Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL) at room temperature. This is achieved by means of a combination of polarized optical pumping and polarized optical injection. Without external injection, the polarization of the optical pump controls that of the spin-VCSEL. However, the addition of the externally injected signal polarized with either left- (LCP) or right-circular polarization (RCP) is able to control the polarization of the spin-VCSEL switching it at will to left- or right-circular polarization. A numerical model has been developed showing a very high degree of agreement with the experimental findings.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2001-09-15
    Description: Within the endemic invertebrate faunas of hydrothermal vents, five biogeographic provinces are recognized. Invertebrates at two Indian Ocean vent fields (Kairei and Edmond) belong to a sixth province, despite ecological settings and invertebrate-bacterial symbioses similar to those of both western Pacific and Atlantic vents. Most organisms found at these Indian Ocean vent fields have evolutionary affinities with western Pacific vent faunas, but a shrimp that ecologically dominates Indian Ocean vents closely resembles its Mid-Atlantic counterpart. These findings contribute to a global assessment of the biogeography of chemosynthetic faunas and indicate that the Indian Ocean vent community follows asymmetric assembly rules biased toward Pacific evolutionary alliances.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Van Dover, C L -- Humphris, S E -- Fornari, D -- Cavanaugh, C M -- Collier, R -- Goffredi, S K -- Hashimoto, J -- Lilley, M D -- Reysenbach, A L -- Shank, T M -- Von Damm, K L -- Banta, A -- Gallant, R M -- Gotz, D -- Green, D -- Hall, J -- Harmer, T L -- Hurtado, L A -- Johnson, P -- McKiness, Z P -- Meredith, C -- Olson, E -- Pan, I L -- Turnipseed, M -- Won, Y -- Young, C R 3rd -- Vrijenhoek, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Oct 26;294(5543):818-23. Epub 2001 Sep 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biology Department, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA. cindy_vandover@wm.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11557843" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteria/classification/isolation & purification ; *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Biological Evolution ; Biomass ; Decapoda (Crustacea)/classification/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Euryarchaeota/classification/isolation & purification/physiology ; Geography ; *Geologic Sediments/microbiology ; Hot Temperature ; Invertebrates/classification/microbiology/*physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mollusca/classification/physiology ; Oceans and Seas ; Seawater ; Symbiosis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2008-11-14
    Description: Crosstalk between the oestrogen receptor (ER) and ERBB2/HER-2 pathways has long been implicated in breast cancer aetiology and drug response, yet no direct connection at a transcriptional level has been shown. Here we show that oestrogen-ER and tamoxifen-ER complexes directly repress ERBB2 transcription by means of a cis-regulatory element within the ERBB2 gene in human cell lines. We implicate the paired box 2 gene product (PAX2), in a previously unrecognized role, as a crucial mediator of ER repression of ERBB2 by the anti-cancer drug tamoxifen. We show that PAX2 and the ER co-activator AIB-1/SRC-3 compete for binding and regulation of ERBB2 transcription, the outcome of which determines tamoxifen response in breast cancer cells. The repression of ERBB2 by ER-PAX2 links these two breast cancer subtypes and suggests that aggressive ERBB2-positive tumours can originate from ER-positive luminal tumours by circumventing this repressive mechanism. These data provide mechanistic insight into the molecular basis of endocrine resistance in breast cancer.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2920208/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2920208/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hurtado, Antoni -- Holmes, Kelly A -- Geistlinger, Timothy R -- Hutcheson, Iain R -- Nicholson, Robert I -- Brown, Myles -- Jiang, Jie -- Howat, William J -- Ali, Simak -- Carroll, Jason S -- P01CA8011105/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK074967/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK074967-03/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01DK074967/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2008 Dec 4;456(7222):663-6. doi: 10.1038/nature07483. Epub 2008 Nov 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19005469" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/genetics/pathology ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics ; Estrogens/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects ; Gene Silencing ; Genes, erbB-2/*genetics ; Histone Acetyltransferases ; Humans ; Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 3 ; PAX2 Transcription Factor/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptor, ErbB-2/*genetics ; Receptors, Estrogen/*metabolism ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid/genetics ; Repressor Proteins/metabolism ; Tamoxifen/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Trans-Activators
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2011-01-29
    Description: Hypertrophic scarring and poor intrinsic axon growth capacity constitute major obstacles for spinal cord repair. These processes are tightly regulated by microtubule dynamics. Here, moderate microtubule stabilization decreased scar formation after spinal cord injury in rodents through various cellular mechanisms, including dampening of transforming growth factor-beta signaling. It prevented accumulation of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and rendered the lesion site permissive for axon regeneration of growth-competent sensory neurons. Microtubule stabilization also promoted growth of central nervous system axons of the Raphe-spinal tract and led to functional improvement. Thus, microtubule stabilization reduces fibrotic scarring and enhances the capacity of axons to grow.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3330754/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3330754/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hellal, Farida -- Hurtado, Andres -- Ruschel, Jorg -- Flynn, Kevin C -- Laskowski, Claudia J -- Umlauf, Martina -- Kapitein, Lukas C -- Strikis, Dinara -- Lemmon, Vance -- Bixby, John -- Hoogenraad, Casper C -- Bradke, Frank -- R01 HD057632/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD057632-04/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS059866/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS059866-03/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS059866-04/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 18;331(6019):928-31. doi: 10.1126/science.1201148. Epub 2011 Jan 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Axonal Growth and Regeneration Group, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21273450" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/*physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans/metabolism ; Cicatrix/pathology/*prevention & control ; Female ; Ganglia, Spinal/cytology ; Kinesin/metabolism ; Microtubules/drug effects/*metabolism ; Paclitaxel/*administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Protein Transport ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sensory Receptor Cells/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Smad2 Protein/metabolism ; Spinal Cord/cytology/drug effects ; Spinal Cord Injuries/*drug therapy/pathology/*physiopathology ; *Spinal Cord Regeneration ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2016-02-10
    Description: Multiple highly divergent lineages have been identified within Ligia occidentalis sensu lato , a rocky supralittoral isopod distributed along a ~3000 km latitudinal gradient that encompasses several proposed marine biogeographic provinces and ecoregions in the eastern Pacific. Highly divergent lineages have nonoverlapping geographic distributions, with distributional limits that generally correspond with sharp environmental changes. Crossbreeding experiments suggest postmating reproductive barriers exist among some of them, and surveys of mitochondrial and nuclear gene markers do not show evidence of hybridization. Populations are highly isolated, some of which appear to be very small; thus, the effects of drift are expected to reduce the efficiency of selection. Large genetic divergences among lineages, marked environmental differences in their ranges, reproductive isolation, and/or high isolation of populations may have resulted in morphological differences in L. occidentalis , not detected yet by traditional taxonomy. We used landmark-based geometric morphometric analyses to test for differences in body shape among highly divergent lineages of L. occidentalis , and among populations within these lineages. We analyzed a total of 492 individuals from 53 coastal localities from the southern California Bight to Central Mexico, including the Gulf of California. We conducted discriminant function analyses (DFAs) on body shape morphometrics to assess morphological variation among genetically differentiated lineages and their populations. We also tested for associations between phylogeny and morphological variation, and whether genetic divergence is correlated to multivariate morphological divergence. We detected significant differences in body shape among highly divergent lineages, and among populations within these lineages. Nonetheless, neither lineages nor populations can be discriminated on the basis of body shape, because correct classification rates of cross-validated DFAs were low. Genetic distance and phylogeny had weak to no effect on body shape variation. The supralittoral environment appears to exert strong stabilizing selection and/or strong functional constraints on body shape in L. occidentalis , thereby leading to morphological stasis in this isopod. The rocky supralittoral isopod Ligia occidentalis sensu lato has a broad distribution in the eastern Pacific, where multiple allopatric genetically divergent lineages occur, which are exposed to marked environmental differences. Using geometric morphometrics, we detected statistically significant differences in body shape among highly divergent lineages, but this trait cannot be used to distinguish them due to extensive overlap. The supralittoral environment appears to exert strong stabilizing selection and/or strong functional constraints on body shape, thereby leading to morphological stasis in this isopod.
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-7758
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2016-12-21
    Description: A growing body of knowledge on the diversity and evolution of intertidal isopods across different regions worldwide has enhanced our understanding on biological diversification at the poorly studied, yet vast, sea–land interface. High genetic divergences among numerous allopatric lineages have been identified within presumed single broadly distributed species. Excirolana mayana is an intertidal isopod that is commonly found in sandy beaches throughout the Gulf of California. Its distribution in the Pacific extends from this basin to Colombia and in the Atlantic from Florida to Venezuela. Despite its broad distribution and ecological importance, its evolutionary history has been largely neglected. Herein, we examined phylogeographic patterns of E. mayana in the Gulf of California and the Caribbean, based on maximum-likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from four mitochondrial genes (16S rDNA, 12S rDNA, cytochrome oxidase I gene, and cytochrome b gene). We compared the phylogeographic patterns of E. mayana with those of the coastal isopods Ligia and Excirolana braziliensis (Gulf of California and Caribbean) and Tylos (Gulf of California). We found highly divergent lineages in both, the Gulf of California and Caribbean, suggesting the presence of multiple species. We identified two instances of Atlantic–Pacific divergences. Some geographical structuring among the major clades found in the Caribbean is observed. Haplotypes from the Gulf of California form a monophyletic group sister to a lineage found in Venezuela. Phylogeographic patterns of E. mayana in the Gulf of California differ from those observed in Ligia and Tylos in this region. Nonetheless, several clades of E. mayana have similar distributions to clades of these two other isopod taxa. The high levels of cryptic diversity detected in E. mayana also pose challenges for the conservation of this isopod and its fragile environment, the sandy shores. The phylogeographic patterns of Excirolana mayana revealed highly divergent lineages in the Gulf of California and Caribbean. These patterns were compared with those of the coastal isopods Ligia , Excirolana braziliensis , and Tylos .
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-7758
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley
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