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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-10-05
    Description: Light is critical for supplying carbon to the energetically expensive, nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between legumes and rhizobia. Here, we show that phytochrome B (phyB) is part of the monitoring system to detect suboptimal light conditions, which normally suppress Lotus japonicus nodule development after Mesorhizobium loti inoculation. We found that the number of nodules produced by L. japonicus phyB mutants is significantly reduced compared with the number produced of WT Miyakojima MG20. To explore causes other than photoassimilate production, the possibility that local control by the root genotype occurred was investigated by grafting experiments. The results showed that the shoot and not the root genotype is responsible for root nodule formation. To explore systemic control mechanisms exclusive of photoassimilation, we moved WT MG20 plants from white light to conditions that differed in their ratios of low or high red/far red (R/FR) light. In low R/FR light, the number of MG20 root nodules dramatically decreased compared with plants grown in high R/FR, although photoassimilate content was higher for plants grown under low R/FR. Also, the expression of jasmonic acid (JA) -responsive genes decreased in both low R/FR light-grown WT and white light-grown phyB mutant plants, and it correlated with decreased jasmonoyl-isoleucine content in the phyB mutant. Moreover, both infection thread formation and root nodule formation were positively influenced by JA treatment of WT plants grown in low R/FR light and white light-grown phyB mutants. Together, these results indicate that root nodule formation is photomorphogenetically controlled by sensing the R/FR ratio through JA signaling.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: Author(s): J. Dias de Deus, A. S. Hirsch, C. Pajares, R. P. Scharenberg, and B. K. Srivastava From our previously obtained shear viscosity to entropy density ratio ( η / s ) in the framework of clustering of color sources (the color string percolation model, CSPM), we calculate the jet quenching parameter q ̂ and trace anomaly Δ = ( ɛ − 3 p ) / T 4 as a function of temperature. It is shown that the scaled … [Phys. Rev. C 93, 024915] Published Wed Feb 24, 2016
    Keywords: Relativistic Nuclear Collisions
    Print ISSN: 0556-2813
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-490X
    Topics: Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2015-10-29
    Description: This paper focuses on microwave emission from Lead zirconate titanate Pb [Zr x Ti 1−x ] O 3 (PZT) induced by mechanical stressing. The mechanical stress was initiated by impact of a sharp tungsten indenter on the upper surface of PZT ceramic. The sequences of microwave and current impulses, which flew from indenter to electric ground, were detected simultaneously. The voltage between the upper and lower surface of ceramic was measured to obtain the behavior of mechanical force acting on ceramic during the impact. It was found that the amplitude, form, and frequency of measured microwave impulses were different by compression and restitution phase of impact. Two different mechanisms of electron emission, responsible for microwave impulse generation, were proposed based on the dissimilar impulse behavior. The field emission from tungsten indenter is dominant during compression, whereas ferroemission dominates during restitution phase. Indeed, it was observed that the direction of the current flow, i.e., sign of current impulses is changed by transitions from compression to restitution phase of impact. The observed dissimilar behavior of microwave impulses, caused by increasing and decreasing applied force, can be used to calculate the contact time and behavior of mechanical force during mechanical impact on ceramic surface. It is shown that the generation of microwave impulses exhibits high reproducibility, impulse intensity, a low damping factor, and high mechanical failure resistance. Based on these microwave emission properties of PZT, the development of new type of stress sensor with spatial resolution of few microns becomes possible.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1988-04-01
    Description: Characterization of the host immune response to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is critical to the rational design of an effective AIDS vaccine. In this study, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) specific for HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RNA-dependent DNA polymerase) were found in blood samples from HIV-1-infected individuals. CTL targets were prepared by immortalizing B cells from ten seropositive and six seronegative individuals, and then infecting these cells with recombinant vaccinia viruses containing HIV-1 genes. CTL directed against autologous B lymphoblasts expressing HIV-1 reverse transcriptase were detected in fresh blood samples from eight HIV-1 seropositive subjects, but in no seronegative controls. The effector cells were identified as major histocompatibility complex-restricted CD3+CD8+ lymphocytes. Because the HIV-1 pol gene is highly conserved among different isolates and generates both humoral and cellular immune responses, it bears consideration for inclusion in a candidate AIDS vaccine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walker, B D -- Flexner, C -- Paradis, T J -- Fuller, T C -- Hirsch, M S -- Schooley, R T -- Moss, B -- CA37461/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Apr 1;240(4848):64-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Infectious Disease Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2451288" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology ; Antigens, Viral/immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; DNA, Recombinant ; Genes, Viral ; HIV/*enzymology/genetics ; HIV Seropositivity ; HLA Antigens/immunology ; Humans ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology ; Vaccinia virus/genetics/immunology ; Viral Vaccines/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2011-10-29
    Description: Germline mutations of the breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) gene are a major cause of familial breast and ovarian cancer. The BRCA1 protein displays E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, and this enzymatic function is thought to be required for tumor suppression. To test this hypothesis, we generated mice that express an enzymatically defective Brca1. We found that this mutant Brca1 prevents tumor formation to the same degree as does wild-type Brca1 in three different genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models of cancer. In contrast, a mutation that ablates phosphoprotein recognition by the BRCA C terminus (BRCT) domains of BRCA1 elicits tumors in each of the three GEM models. Thus, BRCT phosphoprotein recognition, but not the E3 ligase activity, is required for BRCA1 tumor suppression.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3904783/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3904783/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shakya, Reena -- Reid, Latarsha J -- Reczek, Colleen R -- Cole, Francesca -- Egli, Dieter -- Lin, Chyuan-Sheng -- deRooij, Dirk G -- Hirsch, Steffen -- Ravi, Kandasamy -- Hicks, James B -- Szabolcs, Matthias -- Jasin, Maria -- Baer, Richard -- Ludwig, Thomas -- F31-CA132626/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- F32-HD51392/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA097403/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01-CA97403/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA137023/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD040916/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD040916-10/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01-CA137023/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01-HD40916/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- T32-CA09503/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 28;334(6055):525-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1209909.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22034435" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; BRCA1 Protein/chemistry/*metabolism ; Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Disease Models, Animal ; Embryonic Stem Cells/metabolism ; *Genes, BRCA1 ; Ligands ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/*genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/*genetics/metabolism ; Phosphoproteins/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; Protein Multimerization ; RING Finger Domains ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/chemistry/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2005-06-18
    Description: Rhizobial bacteria enter a symbiotic interaction with legumes, activating diverse responses in roots through the lipochito oligosaccharide signaling molecule Nod factor. Here, we show that NSP2 from Medicago truncatula encodes a GRAS protein essential for Nod-factor signaling. NSP2 functions downstream of Nod-factor-induced calcium spiking and a calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase. We show that NSP2-GFP expressed from a constitutive promoter is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum/nuclear envelope and relocalizes to the nucleus after Nod-factor elicitation. This work provides evidence that a GRAS protein transduces calcium signals in plants and provides a possible regulator of Nod-factor-inducible gene expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kalo, Peter -- Gleason, Cynthia -- Edwards, Anne -- Marsh, John -- Mitra, Raka M -- Hirsch, Sibylle -- Jakab, Julia -- Sims, Sarah -- Long, Sharon R -- Rogers, Jane -- Kiss, Gyorgy B -- Downie, J Allan -- Oldroyd, Giles E D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 17;308(5729):1786-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Disease and Stress Biology and Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15961668" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Signaling ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Genes, Plant ; Lipopolysaccharides/*metabolism ; Medicago/genetics/*metabolism/*microbiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Peas/genetics/metabolism ; Plant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Sinorhizobium meliloti/*physiology ; Symbiosis ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: Within the first few microseconds from after the Big Bang, the hot dense matter was in the form of the Quark Gluon Plasm (QGP) consisting of free quarks and gluons. By colliding heavy nuclei at RHIC and LHC at a velocity close to the speed of light, we were able to create the primordial matter and observe the matter after expansion and cooling. In this report we present the thermodynamics and transport coefficients obtained in the framework of clustering of color sources in both hadron-hadron and nucleus-nucleus collisions at RHIC and LHC energies. Multiparticle production at high energies can be described in terms of color strings stretched between the projectile and target. At high string density single strings overlap and form color sources. This addition belongs to the non-perturbative domain of Quantum Chromo Dynamics (QGP) and manifests its most fundamental features. The Schwinger QED 2 mechanism produces color neutral q q ¯ pairs when color source strings break. Subsequent hardonization produces the observed hadrons. With growing energy and atomic number of the colliding nuclei the density of strings grows and more color sources form clusters in the transverse plane. At a certain critical density a macroscopic cluster appears, which marks the percolation phase transition. This is the Color String Percolation Model (CSPM). The critical density is identified as the deconfinement transition and happens at the hadronization temperature. The stochastic thermalization in p p and A-A is a consequence of the quantum tunneling through the event horizon introduced by the confining color fields, the Hawking-Unruh effect. The percolation approach within CSPM is successfully used to describe the crossover phase transition in the soft collision region. The same phenomenology when applied to both hadron-hadron and nucleus-nucleus collisions emphasizes the importance of color string density, creating a macroscopic cluster which identifies the connectivity required for a finite droplet of the QGP.
    Electronic ISSN: 2218-1997
    Topics: Physics
    Published by MDPI
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1994-12-23
    Description: The chloroplast outer envelope protein OEP86 functions as a receptor in precursor protein translocation into chloroplasts. Sequence analysis suggests that the precursor of OEP86 is directed to the chloroplast outer envelope by a cleavable, negatively charged, and unusually long amino-terminal peptide. This presequence is unlike other potential targeting signals and suggests the existence of another membrane insertion pathway. Insertion of precursor OEP86 required the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate and the existence of surface exposed chloroplast membrane components, and it was not competed by another precursor protein destined for the internal plastid compartments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hirsch, S -- Muckel, E -- Heemeyer, F -- von Heijne, G -- Soll, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Dec 23;266(5193):1989-92.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Botanisches Institut, Universitat Kiel, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7801125" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Chloroplast Proteins ; Chloroplasts/*metabolism ; *GTP-Binding Proteins ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Intracellular Membranes/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Peas ; Plant Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Precursors/chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2011-10-29
    Description: Cytotoxic chemotherapy targets elements common to all nucleated human cells, such as DNA and microtubules, yet it selectively kills tumor cells. Here we show that clinical response to these drugs correlates with, and may be partially governed by, the pretreatment proximity of tumor cell mitochondria to the apoptotic threshold, a property called mitochondrial priming. We used BH3 profiling to measure priming in tumor cells from patients with multiple myeloma, acute myelogenous and lymphoblastic leukemia, and ovarian cancer. This assay measures mitochondrial response to peptides derived from proapoptotic BH3 domains of proteins critical for death signaling to mitochondria. Patients with highly primed cancers exhibited superior clinical response to chemotherapy. In contrast, chemoresistant cancers and normal tissues were poorly primed. Manipulation of mitochondrial priming might enhance the efficacy of cytotoxic agents.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3280949/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3280949/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ni Chonghaile, Triona -- Sarosiek, Kristopher A -- Vo, Thanh-Trang -- Ryan, Jeremy A -- Tammareddi, Anupama -- Moore, Victoria Del Gaizo -- Deng, Jing -- Anderson, Kenneth C -- Richardson, Paul -- Tai, Yu-Tzu -- Mitsiades, Constantine S -- Matulonis, Ursula A -- Drapkin, Ronny -- Stone, Richard -- Deangelo, Daniel J -- McConkey, David J -- Sallan, Stephen E -- Silverman, Lewis -- Hirsch, Michelle S -- Carrasco, Daniel Ruben -- Letai, Anthony -- P01CA068484/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01CA139980/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA129974/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA129974-05/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01CA129974/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 25;334(6059):1129-33. doi: 10.1126/science.1206727. Epub 2011 Oct 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22033517" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/*therapeutic use ; *Apoptosis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Child ; Disease-Free Survival ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy/physiopathology ; Male ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Middle Aged ; Mitochondria/*physiology ; Multiple Myeloma/drug therapy/physiopathology ; Neoplasms/*drug therapy/*physiopathology ; Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy/physiopathology ; Peptide Fragments/metabolism ; Permeability ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/drug therapy/physiopathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/chemistry/metabolism ; Remission Induction ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1984-10-26
    Description: Human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) is the probable etiologic agent for the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). HTLV-III was isolated from semen and blood of a healthy homosexual man whose serum contains antibodies to HTLV-III. The finding of virus in semen supports epidemiologic data that suggest that AIDS can be transmitted sexually. In addition, the demonstration of HTLV-III in the blood and semen of a healthy individual establishes an asymptomatic, virus-positive carrier state which may be important in the dissemination of HTLV-III and, consequently, AIDS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ho, D D -- Schooley, R T -- Rota, T R -- Kaplan, J C -- Flynn, T -- Salahuddin, S Z -- Gonda, M A -- Hirsch, M S -- CA 12464/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 35020/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 37461/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Oct 26;226(4673):451-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6208608" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Blood/*microbiology ; Carrier State ; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral ; Deltaretrovirus/*isolation & purification ; *Homosexuality ; Humans ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/analysis ; Semen/*microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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