Publication Date:
2011-05-28
Description:
Two broad classes of models have been proposed to explain the patterning of the proximal-distal axis of the vertebrate limb (from the shoulder to the digit tips). Differentiating between them, we demonstrate that early limb mesenchyme in the chick is initially maintained in a state capable of generating all limb segments through exposure to a combination of proximal and distal signals. As the limb bud grows, the proximal limb is established through continued exposure to flank-derived signal(s), whereas the developmental program determining the medial and distal segments is initiated in domains that grow beyond proximal influence. In addition, the system we have developed, combining in vitro and in vivo culture, opens the door to a new level of analysis of patterning mechanisms in the limb.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3258580/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉 〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3258580/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cooper, Kimberly L -- Hu, Jimmy Kuang-Hsien -- ten Berge, Derk -- Fernandez-Teran, Marian -- Ros, Maria A -- Tabin, Clifford J -- R37 HD032443/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R37 HD032443-17/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R37HD032443/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 May 27;332(6033):1083-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1199499.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Harvard Medical School, Department of Genetics, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21617075" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
Keywords:
Animals
;
*Body Patterning
;
Cell Proliferation
;
Cells, Cultured
;
Chick Embryo
;
Chondrogenesis
;
Culture Media
;
Extremities/*embryology
;
Fibroblast Growth Factors/metabolism/pharmacology
;
Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
;
Homeodomain Proteins/genetics/metabolism
;
Limb Buds/cytology/*embryology/metabolism
;
Mesoderm/cytology/embryology/metabolism
;
Neoplasm Proteins/genetics/metabolism
;
Signal Transduction
;
Tretinoin/metabolism/pharmacology
;
Wnt Proteins/metabolism/pharmacology
Print ISSN:
0036-8075
Electronic ISSN:
1095-9203
Topics:
Biology
,
Chemistry and Pharmacology
,
Computer Science
,
Medicine
,
Natural Sciences in General
,
Physics
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