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  • Animals  (6,341)
  • AERODYNAMICS
  • Mice
  • Roggen
  • 2000-2004  (4,139)
  • 1980-1984  (4,312)
  • 1925-1929  (15)
  • 1920-1924
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neutralizing antibody provided protection against enterovirus type 71 lethal challenge in neonatal mice (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of biomedical science 7 (2000), S. 523-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1423-0127
    Keywords: Enterovirus type 71 ; Experimental infection ; Mice ; Neutralizing antibody ; Vaccine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Experimental infection with enterovirus type 71 (EV71) induced death in neonatal mice in an age- and dose-dependent manner. The mortality rate was 100% following intraperitoneal inoculation 1-day-old ICR mice and this gradually decreased as the age at the time of inoculation increased (60% in 3-day-old mice and no deaths occurred in mice older than 6 days of age). A lethal dose greater than 108 PFU was necessary. Lethargy, failure to gain weight, rear limb tremors and paralysis were observed in the infected mice before death. EV71 was isolated from various tissues of the dead mice. Using a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction technique with a specific primer pair, a 332-bp product was detected in the tissues that produced a culture positive for EV71. Protection against EV71 challenge in neonatal mice was demonstrated following passive transfer of serum from actively immunized adult mice 1 day after inoculation with the virus. Pups from hyperimmune dams were resistant to EV71 challenge. Additionally, maternal immunization with a formalin-inactivated whole-virus vaccine prolonged the survival of pups after EV71 lethal challenge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02253368
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of pre- and post-irradiation glucan treatment on pluripotent stem cells, granulocyte, macrophage and erythroid progenitor cells, and hemopoietic stromal cells (1984)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 40 (1984), S. 1240-1244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Mice ; glucan treatment ; Co60-irradiation ; stem cells, pluripotent ; granulocytes ; macrophages ; erythroid progenitor cells ; hemopoietic stomal cells ; hemopoiesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Glucan, a beta-1, 3 polyglucose, was administered to mice either 1 h before or 1 h after a 650 rad exposure to cobalt-60 radiation. Compared to radiation controls, glucan-treated mice consistantly exhibited a more rapid recovery of pluripotent stem cells and committed granulocyte, macrophage, and erythroid progenitor cells. This may partially explain the mechanism by which glucan also enhances survival in otherwise lethally irradiated mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01946654
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolites of vitamin D in normal and X-linked hypophosphatemic mice (1984)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 36 (1984), S. 662-667 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Vitamin D ; Hyp ; X-linked hypophosphatemia ; Metabolic bone disease ; Mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Hyp mice are a model for human X-linked hypophosphatemia (vitamin D-resistant rickets.) To determine whether an abnormality of vitamin D metabolism exists in this disease, the profiles of the metabolites of vitamin D were determined in normal andHyp mouse plasma.Hyp and normal mice were fed a vitamin D-deficient diet and received 1,23H-vitamin D3 at 16 Ci/mmol by stomach tube at 5 ng/g body weight (0.21 µCi/g b.w.) on alternate days for 14 days. The dose of vitamin D given maintained near normal plasma 25-OH-vitamin D. Thus the mice were in a vitamin D-replete state with all metabolite pools labeled with3H. Plasma was collected from 4 normal and 4Hyp mice. The plasma was extracted, and the extracts were chromatographed separately for each mouse on an LH-20 column. Each major peak of radioactivity was rechromatographed using high performance liquid chromatography on a Zorbax-Sil column using solvent systems known to resolve several vitamin D metabolites. Twenty-one radioactive peaks were identified. The disintegrations per minute of3H in each peak were quantified and converted to plasma concentration using the known specific activity of the administered vitamin D. The 25-OH-vitamin D accounted for 55% of the circulating radioactivity, and 24,25-(OH)2-vitamin D accounted for 22%. The plasma levels of 24,25-(OH)2-vitamin D were similar to levels previously reported by us using protein binding assays. No peaks of radioactivity were missing in the plasma extracts of theHyp mice. Also there was no evidence that plasma 24,25-(OH)2-vitamin D was elevated in theHyp mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02405387
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Animals as indicators of ecosystem responses to air emissions (1984)
    Springer
    Environmental management 8 (1984), S. 309-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Animals ; Indicators ; Air pollution ; Ecosystem responses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract With existing and proposed air-quality regulations, ecological disasters resulting from air emissions such as those observed at Copperhill, Tennessee, and Sudbury, Ontario, are unlikely. Current air-quality standards, however, may not protect ecosystems from subacute and chronic exposure to air emissions. The encouragement of the use of coal for energy production and the development of the fossil-fuel industries, including oil shales, tar sands, and coal liquification, point to an increase and spread of fossil-fuel emissions and the potential to influence a number of natural ecosystems. This paper reviews the reported responses of ecosystems to air-borne pollutants and discusses the use of animals as indicators of ecosystem responses to these pollutants. Animal species and populations can act as important indicators of biotic and abiotic responses of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. These responses can indicate long-term trends in ecosystem health and productivity, chemical cycling, genetics, and regulation. For short-term trends, fish and wildlife also serve as monitors of changes in community structure, signaling food-web contamination, as well as providing a measure of ecosystem vitality. Information is presented to show not only the importance of animals as indicators of ecosystem responses to air-quality degradation, but also their value as air-pollution indices, that is, as air-quality-related values (AQRV), required in current air-pollution regulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01868030
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A biometrical genetic analysis of ethanol response in selectively bred Long-Sleep and Short-Sleep mice (1984)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 14 (1984), S. 1-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: Mice ; alcohol ; selective breeding ; pharmacogenetics ; biometrical genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract A classical Mendelian cross was derived from Long-Sleep (LS) and Short-Sleep (SS) mice, lines selectively bred for differences in response to hypnotic doses of ethanol (ETOH). Biometrical genetic procedures applied to the selection phenotype, namely, duration of the ETOH-induced loss of the righting reflex, suggest that a simple additive genetic system controls this depressant response. Sex differences were present in the Mendelian cross generations that had the longest duration responses. An estimate of the number of loci differentiated by the selection was nine. Blood ethanol levels at the time of regaining the righting reflex in the seven genotypes of the Mendelian cross showed that the selection operated solely by changing tissue sensitivity to ethanol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01066065
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of hydrocortisone on the phenotypic expression and inheritance of the Fused gene in mice (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 64 (1983), S. 275-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Fused gene ; Mice ; Hydrocortisone ; Gene inactivation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary This study was undertaken to examine the effects of hydrocortisone injected into male mice on the phenotypic expression and inheritance of the Fused (Fu) gene in their offspring. Data were obtained indicating that there is a hydrocortisone-susceptible period during spermatogenesis. Hydrocortisone injections of males during this period resulted in a statistically significant decrease in the proportion of phenotypically Fu offspring. Genetic analysis with the use of the closely linked recessive marker tufted (tf) demonstrated that the deficit of phenotypically Fu individuals among offspring is not caused by the differential death of gametes, zygotes or embryos. According to genetic data, this deficit is due to a decrease in the penetrance of the Fu gene and partly to its inherited inactivation. The possible mechanisms of the observed phenomenon are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00274161
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct and correlated responses to selection for weaning weight, post-weaning weight gain and six-week weight in mice (1984)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 67 (1984), S. 113-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Mice ; Selection ; Growth ; Genetic correlation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Four lines of mice were formed from a common base population and selected for 37 generations for either increased 3-week weight (weaning weight), 6-week weight, 3–6 week gain, or maintained as a randomly bred control line. Realised heritability estimates for short-term (long-term) responses were 0.33±0.20 (0.07±0.10), 0.46±0.14 (0.26±0.09), 0.36±0.14 (0.24±0.11) for 3-week weight, 6-week weight and 3–6 week gain, respectively. Realised genetic correlations estimated from short-term (long-term) responses were 0.23±0.08 (0.35±0.10) between 3-week weight and 3–6 week gain; 0.82±0.04 (0.58±0.08) between 3-week weight and 6-week weight; and 0.81±0.04 (0.97±0.04) between 3–6 week gain and 6-week weight. The genetic correlation between 3-week weight and 6-week weight was asymmetric with a greater correlated response for 3-week weight when selecting for 6-week weight (1.06) than vice versa (0.63).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317015
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Male and female contributions to heterosis in lifetime performance of mice (1984)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 67 (1984), S. 479-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Heterosis ; Lifetime performance ; Mice ; Male and female ; Mate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Six straightbred lines of mice, some of their F1 crosses and a synthetic line were used to evaluate male and female contributions to heterosis in lifetime performance measured on females. Females from each straightbred line or F1 crosses were pair-mated randomly at day 42 with either a male of the corresponding genetic group or from a synthetic line, and pairs were maintained for 155 days (lifetime). Each mother was allowed to rear all young born alive until day 18 when the young were discarded. Data were analyzed using a model in which the group mean of lifetime performance was expressed as the sum of (additive direct) genetic and environmental effects for each of the male and female genetic groups used for mating. Comparison of group means for lifetime performance revealed that estimates of F1 heterosis due to male and female averaged 10 and 9% for number of parturitions during lifetime, 7 and 28% for total number of young born alive, 6 and 31% for total body weight of young born alive, 8 and 33% for total number of young raised to day 18, 9 and 43% for total body weight of young raised to weaning, and 8 and 8% for days from first mating to last parturition. The male's contribution to heterosis in lifetime performance was smaller than female's contribution for productive traits (total number of young born alive and at day 18, and total body weight of young born alive and at day 18), and was nearly equal in reproductive traits (number of parturitions during lifetime and days from first mating to last parturition).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264889
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic interpretation and analysis of diallel crosses with animals (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 65 (1983), S. 17-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Diallel cross ; Maternal effects ; Heterosis ; Mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A genetic framework was developed for the interpretation of statistical parameters estimated from a diallel experiment among a fixed set of lines. These included average direct genetic, average maternal genetic, general combining ability, reciprocal, and line and specific direct and maternal heterotic effects. The genetic model is based on direct and maternal additive and dominance genetic effects as would be expected in animal species. The model assumes that dominance is the underlying basis of heterosis. As an example, litter size at birth was analyzed from a 5 × 5 diallel cross with mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00276256
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of early pregnancy on reproductive rate in lines of mice selected for litter size (1980)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 57 (1980), S. 209-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Mice ; Early puberty ; Litter size ; Selection ; Reproductive rate ; Pheromone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The influence of male-induced early puberty on female reproductive rate was determined in three lines of mice differing in litter size and body weight. The lines originated from a single base population and had undergone 20 generations of selection for the following criteria: large litter size at birth (L+), large litter size and small 6-week body weight (L+W−), or small litter size and large 6-week body weight (L−W+). Females were paired with a mature intact male of the same line at 3, 5 or 7 weeks of age. Mean mating age, averaged over lines, was 26.5 ± .3, 38.3 ± .3 and 52.7 ± .3 days. Exposure to a mature male accelerated female sexual maturation in each line. When contrasted with their sibs mated at a later age, early-pregnant females from each line exhibited a decline in one or more component of reproductive performance, suggesting that the physiological state of the very young female was not optimum for normal pregnancy. In comparisons of early and later mating ages, all three lines showed a decreased littering rate at first mating, number born alive, and individual birth weight of progeny adjusted for litter size; L+ and L+W− mice showed an increased perinatal mortality rate; L+ and L−W+ had a reduction in litter size at birth. When the L+, L+W− and L−W+ lines were compared with an unselected strain and a line selected for high postweaning gain in similar experiments, a genotype by environment interaction was apparent since all lines did not respond in a similar manner to early mating. The line ranking for litter size at birth for each age at male-exposure was L+〉L+W−〉L−W+, despite the significant line by age interaction. When litter size was adjusted by covariance for body weight at mating, the significant effects of age at male-exposure and line by age interaction were eliminated. All fertile females were remated after they had weaned their first litter to obtain information on litter size in parity two. Line differences in litter size at birth and number born alive were uniform across parities. An age by parity interaction was evident since the decreased fecundity at younger ages of male exposure in the L+ and L−W+ litters of parity one was not evident in parity two. Litter feed efficiency during first parity gestation was defined as litter birth weight divided by either cumulative feed intake of the dam from mating to parturition (GEI) or cumulative feed intake from weaning to parturition (GEII). The ranking of lines for GEI and GEH was L+〉 L+W−〉L−W+, but when feed efficiency was adjusted for littering rate, L+W− and L−W+ were not significantly different. With regard to age at mating, the ranking for GEI (7 wk 〉 5 wk 〉 3 wk) was reversed from GEII (3 wk 〉5 wk 〉 7 wk) and these significant differences were maintained after adjustment for littering rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264673
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selection for efficiency of feed utilization in growing mice (1981)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 59 (1981), S. 129-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Selection ; Mice ; Feeding Efficiency ; Correlation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Selection was practised for improved feed efficiency (gain/feed intake) of mice on two alternative feeding regimes. In one set of lines animals were fed ad libitum, in the other set they were individually fed a fixed amount of feed (about 10% below the control ad libitum intake) which was not changed over generations. For each treatment, a pair of replicate lines (E) were selected on efficiency from 3–5 weeks of age for 8 generations and another pair (L) from 5–7 weeks for 7 generations. A control line was maintained for both E and L lines. In terminal generations mice from each line were tested on each feeding regime, and carcasses of ad libitum fed mice were analysed. The realized heritability (within families) for efficiency averaged 13%, without much variation over treatments. In the E lines efficiency increased by about 18% of the control mean and in the L lines by about 60%, although absolute changes were small, and responses were similar on the two feeding regimes. Weights at the start of test decreased in the E lines and increased in the L lines; weights at the end of test increased in both. When tested on the alternative regimes, no interactions were detected for live weights, weight gains or efficiency; selection under fixed intake led to the same increase in appetite as did that under ad libitum. There were no interactions for carcass composition. Selection for efficiency led to an increase in fatness on both selection regimes and both weight ranges.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264964
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlated responses of growth traits to selection for high and low plasma alkaline phosphatase in mice (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 62 (1982), S. 281-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Growth ; Alkaline phosphatase ; Selection ; Correlated responses ; Mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The effectiveness of two way selection for plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was investigated in order to determine its influences on growth traits through thirteen generations. The responses of the two lines selected for high (HP) and low (LP) ALP at 45 days of age were compared to that of the mice selected for large (L) and small (SM) body size. The selection responses of plasma ALP were very effective for both HP and LP lines, with average responses per generation calculated from linear regressions of 0.227±0.037 and −0.088±0.022 respectively. The final levels of ALP in HP and LP were 5.54±0.71 and 1.27±0.20 in the thirtheenth generation, while the SM, L and base population had levels of 3.49±0.08, 0.86±0.55 and 2.77±0.56 respectively. The body weight at 45 days of age in LP (31.4±1.4 g) as a correlated response was significantly higher than HP (23.4±1.8 g) at generation 10. The correlated response of milk yield, measured by weight gain up to 12 days of age, was significantly greater in the LP line than in HP, but the correlated response of gains after weaning was not so different as the response of milk yield. The response of litter size and weight in LP showed significant higher levels than that of HP, but pups' birth weight did not differ between LP and HP. It is suggested that the correlated response of milk yield contributed more to the divergence of body size between HP and LP than the gain after weaning. Realized heritabilities of ALP were 0.335±0.059 (HP) and 0.279±0.051 (LP). Realized genetic correlations between ALP and 45 days' body weight were −0.27±0.13 (HP with SM) and −0.52±0.19 (LP with L). Realized genetic correlations between ALP and milk yield were −0.95±0.03 (HP) and −0.37±0.29 (LP). Correlations between ALP and postweaning gains were fairly low.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00276252
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct and correlated responses to selection for post-weaning weight gain on ad libitum or restricted feeding in mice (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 63 (1982), S. 145-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Mice ; Selection ; Growth rate ; ad libitum feeding ; Restricted feeding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Selection for post-weaning weight gain in mice from 21 to 42 days, on either a full or restricted feeding level during this period was carried out for seven generations. Control lines were maintained for each feeding level. The rate of selection response was higher on full feeding due to a higher heritability and a larger phenotypic variance. Realised heritabilities of 0.29±0.05 and 0.19±0.04 for selection on full and restricted feeding respectively, were in close agreement with base population estimates. Selection on full feeding led to positive correlated responses in 21 day weight, 42 day weight, food intake and efficiency between 21 and 42 days, and 42 day tail length, but with little change in reproductive performance. Correlated responses to selection on restricted feeding were reduced 21 day weight, but an increase in 42 day weight and increased efficiency from 21 to 42 days. However, overall reproductive performance fell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303697
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow cytometric analysis of mouse hepatocyte ploidy (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 643-647 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Binucleate cells ; Flow cytometry ; Hepatocytes ; Polyploidy pattern ; Mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Preparative and mathematical procedures are presented for the investigation of the ploidy pattern of liver cells. The DNA content of enzymatically-isolated liver cells and of nuclei was measured by flow cytometry. The true DNA content could not be measured directly due to superposition of statistical coincidences (demanding “first mode correction”) and incomplete separation of the nuclei in binucleate hepatocytes (demanding “second mode correction”). The statistical coincidences (caused by simultaneous measurement of two or more particles or subsequent reaggregation of particles) were corrected by splitting the “unnatural” i.e., aneuploid DNA content, and classifying it with the normal ploidy classes. In addition, the higher normal ploidy classes were reduced by the proportion of the measured coincidences in favour of the lower ones. The second mode correction applied to nuclear distributions only. It is a probability calculation based on counting nuclear pairs on microscope slides, and resulted in a 10% increase of diploid nuclei and a larger standard deviation between the age groups. 8c and 16c values were reduced. The tetraploid values were unchanged.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219883
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
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    Co-housing in a stable hierarchical group is not aversive for dominant and subordinate individuals (2000)
    Springer
    Neuroscience and behavioral physiology 30 (2000), S. 195-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-899X
    Keywords: Mice ; dominance ; subordinacy ; stress ; aggression ; locomotor activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The behavior of individaals and their responses to external stimuli are controlled by the microsocial environment, which for most mammals is associated with dominant-subordinate relationships. Physiological and behavioral differences between dominant and subordinate individuals may be ‘primary’ (genetically determined) or ‘secondary’ (due to position in the group's hierarchical structure). A series of experiments was conducted to investigate the physiological (pain response threshold), immunological (thymus, spleen weights, primary immune response), and behavioral (motor activity, behavior in a shuttle box test) characteristics of dominant and subordinate individuals in groups of three laboratory mice formed on the basis of linear hierarchy. Assessment of the effects of group conditions was made using a conditioned reflex location preference test. The results showed: 1) there are no statistically significant differences in physiological and behavioral (except for motor activity) parameters between dominant and subordinate mice; 2) co-housing of dominant and subordinate individuals in groups with stable hierarchical relationships was not aversive for them.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02463158
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unimpaired delayed type hypersensitivity reactions in mice infected withTrypanosoma cruzi strain Y (1980)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 61 (1980), S. 179-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Keywords: Trypanosoma cruzi ; Delayed hypersensitivity ; Mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Delayed type hypersensitivity reactions (DTH) to DNFB in C3H (susceptible) and (CBA×C57B1/10)F1 (resistant) mice were not impaired inTrypanosoma cruzi strain Y infections. Mice were infected IP with 100 parasites and sensitized or challenged 11 days after infection at the peak of parasitaemia. DTH reactions were found to be enhanced in C3H infected mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00925463
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The growth ofHymenolepis microstoma in intact and gonadectomized mice (1980)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 61 (1980), S. 243-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Keywords: Hymenolepis microstoma ; Mice ; Orchiectomy ; Ovariectomy ; Growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Gonadectomy or sex of the host had no effect on the mean dry weight ofHymenolepis microstoma examined on day 12 postinfection (p.i.). However, on day 20 p.i. worms from intact or sham-operated male mice were significantly heavier than those recovered from the corresponding groups of female hosts. Orchiectomy of hosts lowered the average weight of these older worms, but ovariectomy had no effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00925515
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Humoral suppression inTrypanosoma cruzi infection in relation to the timing of antigen presentation (1980)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 64 (1980), S. 85-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Keywords: Trypanosoma cruzi ; Immunosuppression ; Immunenhancement ; Mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract (CBA×C57 B1/10)F1 mice infected intraperitoneally with 100 parasites ofTrypanosoma cruzi strain Y developed an infection with acute and chronic phases. Humoral suppression to sheep red blood cells was evident in both phases but enhancement of the response was achieved only at the beginning of the infection. A mitogen secreted by the parasite could explain both phenomenons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00927059
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the uptake of exogenous catecholamines by adrenal chromaffin cells and nerve endings (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 221 (1981), S. 371-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Catecholamines ; Chromaffin cells ; Nerve endings ; Adrenal gland ; Mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Light-microscopic autoradiography has revealed characteristic labelling patterns in adrenal medullary cells following the intravenous administration of different catecholamines. The uptake patterns for [3H] dopa, [3H] dopamine, [3H] noradrenaline and [3H] adrenaline have been compared. In all cases A cells were more active than NA cells and cells situated in the zone nearest the cortex demonstrated a markedly higher rate of uptake than central cells. It was concluded that adjacent chromaffin cells with very similar morphology may differ as much as 50 fold in their capacities to incorporate exogenous amines. The adrenergic nature of the innervation of the vessels of the adrenal cortex and capsule in the mouse was confirmed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216741
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  • 20
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    Die Abhängigkeit der Ernteerträge von den Witterungsfaktoren im Gebiet zwischen Saale, Mulde und Elbe (1928)
    In:  Vereinigten Friedrichs-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle.
    Details
    Publication Date: 1928
    Description: Ertragsrelevante Korrelationen bei Winterweizen und -gerste mit der Temperatur, bei allen übrigen Kulturen war Niederschlag entscheidend KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Saalkreis, Kreis Bitterfeld, Kreis Delitzsch, Kreis Wittenberg, südl. Teil Kreis Köthen ; 1900-26 ; Kartoffeln ; Boden ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Hafer ; Niederschlag ; Rangordnungsmethode ; Roggen ; Temperatur ; Weizen ; Witterung ; Hackfrüchte
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  • 21
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    Klimageschichte der Schweiz 1525-1860, Das Klima der Schweiz von 1525-1860 und seine Bedeutung in der Geschichte von Bevölkerung und Landwirtschaft (1984)
    In:  Academica Helvet., b Bd. 1, 184 Seiten.
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Description: Rekonstruktion der Klimadaten anhand historischer Aufzeichnungen über phänologische Daten (Tagebücher), Zehntzahlungen und Lohnzahlungne an Tagelöhner von landwirtschaftlichen Erträgen KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Scheiz ; 1525-1860 ; Ertrag ; Klima ; Roggen ; Temperatur
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  • 22
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    Welchen Einfluss hat die ungünstige Witterung dieses Winters auf die Entwicklung unserer Kulturpflanzen? (1927)
    In:  Hannov. land- und forstw. Zeitg.:93-95
    Details
    Publication Date: 1927
    Description: Beschreibung der Witterungsverläufe der Winter und Empfehlungen für die Bodenbearbeitung und Bestandesführung von Winterkulturen KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Niederschlag und Temperatur) auf den Ertrag KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Nied (Vorjahr) ++, dann Ertrag -; Delta Nied (Winter) +, dann Bodenfeuchte + und somit Ertrag +; Delta T (November) -, dann Ertrag -; Delta T (Winter) +, dann Ertrag +; Delta T (Frühling) +, dann Ertrag -;
    Keywords: Niedersachsen ; 1924-26 ; Insekten ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Landwirtschaft ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Roggen ; Weizen ; Düngung ; Gerste
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  • 23
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    Tausendkorngewicht und Witterung in den Jahren 1921 bis 1926 (1928)
    In:  Georgine, Königsberg 104 (10):65-66
    Details
    Publication Date: 1928
    Description: Einluß von Temperatur und Niederschlag in bestimmten Zeiträumen auf das Tausendkorngewicht (TKG) KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Zusammenhang Niederschlag, Temperatur und Sonnenscheinstunden zum Tausendkorngewicht (Ertrag) von Weizen, Roggen und Gerste KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (0,48-1,9°C während der Vegetationszeit April-August über dem Mittel der Jahre 1921-26) und Delta Nied (-25- +52% vom Schossen bis zur Ernte über dem Mittel der Jahre 1921-26), dann höhreres TKG um 11,6-21,4%
    Keywords: Pommern ; 1921-1926 ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Niederschlag ; Roggen ; Temperatur ; Weizen ; Sonnenscheindauer ; Gerste
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  • 24
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    Massenhafter Befall von Winterroggen durch Puccinia coronifera Kleb. im Herbst 1924. (1925)
    In:  Angew. Bot. 7, p. 262-266
    Details
    Publication Date: 1925
    Description: Beobachtungen zum Befall von Winterroggen durch Puccinia coronifera Kleb. und Überlegungen für mögliche Gründe KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Aufgrund der starken Trockenheit verliert der Roggen seine Immunität gegenüber Puccinia coronifera KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Nied (Herbst) -, dann Befall von Puccinia coronifera +
    Keywords: Kamennaja Step, Russland ; 1924 ; Pflanzenkrankheit ; Roggen ; Trockenheit
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  • 25
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    Eine Getreidelaufkäferplage (Zabru tenebrioides) (1925)
    In:  Die kranke Pflanze 2, p. 117-119
    Details
    Publication Date: 1925
    Description: Allgemeine Beobachtungen zum Auftreten und zur Wanderung des Getreidelaufkäfers und dessen Larven; Nennung von Möglichkeiten zur Bekämpfung des Insekts KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Abhängigkeit der Stärke des Auftretens von der Temperatur KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T+, dann Auftreten der Larven +
    Keywords: Sachsen ; Beginn 20. Jahrhundert ; Insekten ; Boden ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Landwirtschaft ; Pflanzenschädling ; Roggen ; Temperatur ; Weizen
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  • 26
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    Landwirtschaftlich-klimatologische Untersuchungen des Gebietes zwischen mittlerer Saale und Pleiße und Einteilung in klimatische Unterbezirke auf Grund der Beziehung zwischen Witterungsfaktoren und Ernteerträgen (1929)
    In:  Diss. Halle
    Details
    Publication Date: 1929
    Description: vgl. Neustädt KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Zusammenhang Witterungsfaktoren in wachstumsrelevanten Zeitspannen mit dem Ertrag verschiedener Kulturen KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Nied (Oktober bis März) -, dann Erträge (Roggen) +; Delta Nied (Januar) -, dann Erträge (Roggen) ++; Delta Nied (Februar) +, dann Erträge (Roggen) +; Delta Nied (Mai) +, dann Erträge (Roggen) +; Delta Nied (Mai) 〉 1,5x Mittel, dann Erträge -; Delta Sonn (Mai, im Bezirk Köthen) +, dann Erträge (Roggen) -; Delta Nied (Januar, März, April) -, dann Erträge (Sommergerste) +; Delta Nied (Februar, Mai bis Ernte) +, dann Erträge (Sommergerste) +; Delta Nied (Mai) +, dann Erträge (Sommergerste) ++; (Informationen zu den weiteren landwirtschaftlicher Kulturpflanzen: siehe Artikel)
    Keywords: Mitteldeutschland ; 1900-1926 ; Kartoffeln ; Ertrag ; Niederschlag ; Roggen ; Temperatur ; Witterung ; Hackfrüchte
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  • 27
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    Beziehungen zwischen Niederschlagsmengen und Ernteerträgen in Niederbayern (1924)
    In:  Meterolog. Zeitschrift, Braunschweig, 41: 170-173
    Details
    Publication Date: 1924
    Description: Beziehung zwischen Niederschlag und Ertrag mithilfe der Korrelationsmethode KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Berechnung von Korrelationswerten deuten auf starken Einfluss des Juniniederschlags hin, durch Berechnung der Abweichung vom 10jährigen Mittel werden Beziehungen einzelner Monate, bzw. 2 monatiger Niederschlagssummen zum Ertrag für Winterweizen, Winterroggen, Hafer, Kartoffeln, Sommerweizen und Sommerroggen sichtbar KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Nied+ (Januar), dann Winterweizen +; Delta Nied- (〈 20mm) im März, dann Ertrag von Winterweizen, Winterroggen, Sommerroggen und Sommerweizen +; Delta Nied+ (〉60mm) im Juli, dann Ertrag Winterweizen++; Delta Nied- (〈40mm) im Juni, dann Kartoffel +, aber Hafer-; Delta Nied+ (〉130mm) im Juni, dann Kartoffel -, aber Hafer+;
    Keywords: Niederbayern ; 1884-1922 ; Kartoffeln ; Ertrag ; Hafer ; Korrelationsmethode ; Niederschlag ; Roggen ; Weizen
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  • 28
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    Landwirtschaftlich-klimatologische Charakteristik Anhalts als Regenschattengebietes des Harzes (1929)
    In:  Buch von: Höhne, E., (1919): Landwirtschaftlich-klimatologische Untersuchung des Gebietes zwiwchen mittlerer Saale und Pleiße und Einteilung in klimatische Unterbezirke auf Grund der Beziehungen zwischen Witterungsfaktoren und Ernteerträgen
    Details
    Publication Date: 1929
    Description: Untersuchung zur Beziehung zwischen Witterungsfaktoren und Ernteerträgen in verschiedenen Untersuchungsgebieten mittels Rangordnungsdifferenzen. Betrachtet wurden die Erträge von Roggen, Winterweizen, Sommergerste, Hafer, Sommerweizen, Zuckerrübe, Kartoffel und Erbse KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Niederschlag, Temperatur, Sonnenschein) auf die Erträge KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Nied (Oktober bis März) -, dann Erträge (Roggen) +; Delta Nied (Januar) -, dann Erträge (Roggen) ++; Delta Nied (Februar) +, dann Erträge (Roggen) +; Delta Nied (Mai) +, dann Erträge (Roggen) +; Delta Nied (Mai) 〉 1,5x Mittel, dann Erträge -; Delta Sonn (Mai, im Bezirk Köthen) +, dann Erträge (Roggen) -; Delta Nied (Januar, März, April) -, dann Erträge (Sommergerste) +; Delta Nied (Februar, Mai bis Ernte) +, dann Erträge (Sommergerste) +; Delta Nied (Mai) +, dann Erträge (Sommergerste) ++; Köthen (Nied 15-30mm im März), (Delta T- im April/Juni, besonders im Mai), dann Winterweizenertrag++ (weitere Informationen zu den weiteren landwirtschaftlicher Kulturpflanzen und Regionen: siehe Artikel)
    Keywords: Sachsen und Thüringen ; 1899-1926 ; Boden ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Klima ; Korrelationsmethode ; Landwirtschaft ; Niederschlag ; Roggen ; Temperatur ; Weizen ; Globalstrahlung ; Hackfrüchte
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  • 29
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    Versuche über die Ausnützung steigender Stickstoffgaben durch verschiedene Hafersorten, IV Versuche mit Hafer (1929)
    In:  Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung, Düngung, Bodenkunde 8:425-458
    Details
    Publication Date: 1929
    Description: Auswirkungen über gestaffelte Stickstoff-Düngung auf den Ertrag von Weizen, Gerste, Roggen und Hafer. Angaben zu Temperatur und Niederschlag während der Vegetationszeit, Hinweise auf Zusammenhang zwischen Witterung und Ertrag und Wirkung der Düngung, Bedeutung eines längeren Zeitraums für die Beobachtungen KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss von Niederschlag und Temperatur auf den Ertrag von Hafer KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Nied (nach der Saat) +, dann t(Aufgang) - (später); Delta Nied (Ende des Wachstum) -, dann Erträge (Hafer) -; Delta T (20 Tage nach dem Aufgang) +: T 〉 11°C, dann Ertrag (Hafer) -;
    Keywords: Bayern ; 1924-28 ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Hafer ; Niederschlag ; Roggen ; Temperatur ; Weizen ; Düngung ; Gerste
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  • 30
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    Einfluss der Witterungs-Erscheinungen auf die Erträge unserer Kulturpflanzen. (1928)
    In:  Deut. Landwirtschaflt. Presse 55:94-95.
    Details
    Publication Date: 1928
    Description: Übersicht über die Literatur zum Einfluss des Wetters auf die Kulturpflanzen KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Milder und trockener Winter wirkt positiv auf die Weizenerträge, kalter und niederschlagsreicher Winter eher negativ, Betrachung für Norddeutschland KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Deutschland ; 1900-1926 ; Kartoffeln ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Hafer ; Landwirtschaft ; Niederschlag ; Roggen ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit ; Witterung ; Gerste
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  • 31
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    Die Phänologie und ihre Bedeutung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der phänol. Beobachtungen am Winterroggen in Bayern während der Jahre 1917-1923 (1926)
    In:  Naturw. und Landw. Heft 8 Freising-München, F.P. Datterer & cle
    Details
    Publication Date: 1926
    Description: Diskussion über die Geschichte, Entwicklung und Anwendbarkeit von phänologischen Studien, Zusammenfassung, teilweise Details über den Einfluss der Sorte, der Düngung, des Bodens, Klimas, Längengrades, Krankheiten und anderer Faktoren auf die Erträge von Winterroggen in Bayern KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Bayern ; 1917-1923 ; Botanik ; Ertrag ; Klima ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Phänologie ; Roggen ; Düngung ; Frost
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  • 32
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    Die Abhängigkeit der Ernteerträge von den Wittterungsfaktoren. (1929)
    In:  Kühn-Archiv 20:140-222.
    Details
    Publication Date: 1929
    Description: Untersuchungen an Ernteergebnissen mittels Rangordnungs- und Korrelationsmethode zur Abhängigkeit von den Witterungsfaktoren. Untersucht wurden die Erträge von Weizen, Roggen, Sommergerste, Hafer, Erbsen und Zuckerrüben KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Temperatur, Niederschlag, Sonnenscheindauer) auf die Erträge der Kurlturpflanzen KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (Oktober, November) - und Delta T (Januar, Februar) +, dann Erträge (Weizen) +; Delta Nied (April, Mai) + und Delta Nied (Februar, März) -, dann Erträge (Weizen) +; Delta Sonn (März) +, dann Erträge (Weizen) +; Delta Nied (Mai - Zeit des Schossens) +, dann Erträge (Roggen) +; Delta T (November) -, dann Erträge (Roggen) +; Delta Nied (April, Juni) + und Delta T (April, Juni) -, dann Erträge (Sommergerste) +; Nied (April, Juni) 〉 180mm, dann Erträge (Sommergerste) -; Delta Sonn (März, April) + und Delta Sonn (Mai) -, dann Erträge (Sommergerste) +; Delta Nied (April bis Juni) +, dann Erträge (Hafer) +; Delta Sonn (März, April) +, dann Erträge (Hafer) +; Delta T (Juni) -, dann Erträge (Hafer) +; Delta Nied (Juni, September) +, dann Erträge (Zuckerrübe) +; Delta Nied (August) +, Zuckergehalt +; Delta T (Juni) +, dann Erträge (Zuckerrübe) +; Delta Sonn (September) +, Qualität der Ernte +; Delta Sonn (März, April) + und Delta Sonn (Mai, Juni) -, dann Erträge (Getreide) +;
    Keywords: Mansfelder See- und Saalkreis, Kreis Querfurt, Kreis Merseburg ; 1900-1925 ; Zuckerrüben ; Hafer ; Niederschlag ; Roggen ; Temperatur ; Weizen ; Witterung ; Sonnenscheindauer ; Gerste ; Erbsen
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  • 33
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    Über den Einfluß der Witterungsfaktoren auf die Ernteerträge (1925)
    In:  Kühn-Archiv:53-78.
    Details
    Publication Date: 1925
    Description: Einführung der Rangordnungs- und Korrelationsmethode anhand langjähriger Beobachtungen, Einfluss des Niederschlages und der Temperatur auf den Ertrag von Erbsen, Kartoffeln, Weizen, Hafer und Roggen KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Temperatur und Niederschlag) auf den Ertrag KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (März und April) + und Delta Nied (März und April) -, dann Erträge (Erbsen) +; Delta T (Mai und Juni) - und Delta Nied (Mai und Juni) +, dann Erträge (Erbse) +; Delta T (Oktober Vorjahr) +, dann Erträge (Kartoffel) +; Delta T (März) + und Delta T (Mai und Juni) -, dann Erträge (Winterweizen) +; Delta Nied (Januar bis März)-, dann Erträge (Hafer) +; Delta Nied (Januar bis März)-, dann Erträge (Winterroggen) +;
    Keywords: Halle ; 1893-25 ; Kartoffeln ; Ertrag ; Fichte ; Hafer ; Korrelationsmethode ; Niederschlag ; Rangordnungsmethode ; Roggen ; Temperatur ; Weizen ; Witterung
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  • 34
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    Untersuchungen über den Einfluß der Witterung auf die Phönologie von Apfelbaum und Winterroggen (1924)
    In:  Mitteilungen der Biolog. Reichsanstalt f. Land- und Forstwirtschaft 25.
    Details
    Publication Date: 1924
    Description: Witterung und Phänologie KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Phänologie ; Roggen ; Witterung
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  • 35
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    Die "kritischen Zeiten" und das "ökologische Optimum" der Witterungsfaktoren, ein Mittel zur Bestimmung der Ernteertäge (1926)
    In:  Zeitschrift für Acker- und Pflanzenbau 3:330-334.
    Details
    Publication Date: 1926
    Description: Angabe von Niederschlagsmengen und Durchschnittstemperaturen für das ökologische Optimum bestimmter Sorten, kritische Zeiten (vor und nach der Blüte) sind hierfür entscheidend KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss von Wasser und Wärme, bzw. Niederschlag und Temperatur auf den Ertrag KATASTER-DETAIL: Roggen, Weizen: Delta Nied (Beginn Blütezeit)-, dann Ertrag +; Hafer, Gerste, Kartoffel: Delta T (Beginn der Blüte) -, dann Ertrag +; Bohne: Delta T (gesamte Wachstumszeit)+ und Delta Nied (gesamte Wachstumszeit) +, dann Ertrag +
    Keywords: Göttingen ; 1901-22 ; Kartoffeln ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Hafer ; Klima ; Korrelationsmethode ; Niederschlag ; Roggen ; Temperatur ; Weizen ; Witterung ; Hackfrüchte ; Erbsen
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  • 36
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    Zum Auftreten des Gelbrostes des Weizens (1926)
    In:  Nassauer Land 108, p. 185
    Details
    Publication Date: 1926
    Description: Beobachtungen zum Gelbrostbefall von Weizen, Roggen und Gerste KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: - KATASTER-DETAIL: -
    Keywords: Deutschland ; 1926 ; Infektionskrankheiten ; Getreide ; Pflanzenkrankheit ; Roggen ; Weizen ; Gerste
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  • 37
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    The development of electroporation (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heller, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 11;295(5553):277.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11789539" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Electroporation ; Genetic Therapy/*methods ; Humans ; Transfection/*methods
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 38
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    Cancer. BRCA2 enters the fray (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, John H -- Elledge, Stephen J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 13;297(5588):1822-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12228708" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; BRCA1 Protein/metabolism ; BRCA2 Protein/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA/*metabolism ; DNA Damage ; *DNA Repair ; DNA, Single-Stranded/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Female ; Genes, BRCA1 ; Genes, BRCA2 ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Mice ; Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rad51 Recombinase ; Rats ; Recombination, Genetic ; Replication Protein A
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 39
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    Foot-and-mouth disease. Report urges U.K. to vaccinate herds (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-07-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jul 19;297(5580):319-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12130760" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Advisory Committees ; Animal Diseases ; Animal Husbandry ; Animals ; Data Collection ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control/*veterinary ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus/*immunology ; Great Britain/epidemiology ; Vaccination/*veterinary ; Viral Vaccines/*administration & dosage
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 40
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    Direct recognition of cytomegalovirus by activating and inhibitory NK cell receptors (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-16
    Description: Natural killer (NK) cells express inhibitory receptors for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigens, preventing attack against healthy cells. Mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) encodes an MHC-like protein (m157) that binds to an inhibitory NK cell receptor in certain MCMV-susceptible mice. In MCMV-resistant mice, this viral protein engages a related activating receptor (Ly49H) and confers host protection. These activating and inhibitory receptors are highly homologous, suggesting the possibility that one evolved from the other in response to selective pressure imposed by the pathogen.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arase, Hisashi -- Mocarski, Edward S -- Campbell, Ann E -- Hill, Ann B -- Lanier, Lewis L -- AI30363/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA89294/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 17;296(5571):1323-6. Epub 2002 Apr 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Cancer Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11950999" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3T3 Cells ; Animals ; Antigens, Ly/chemistry/genetics/*immunology/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Coculture Techniques ; Disease Susceptibility ; Evolution, Molecular ; Herpesviridae Infections/*immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology ; Hybridomas ; Immunity, Innate ; Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis ; Killer Cells, Natural/*immunology ; Lectins, C-Type ; Ligands ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry/genetics/*immunology/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Muromegalovirus/genetics/*immunology/metabolism ; NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily A ; Protein Binding ; Receptors, Immunologic/chemistry/genetics/*immunology/metabolism ; Receptors, NK Cell Lectin-Like ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Transfection ; Viral Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*immunology/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Control of synaptic strength by glial TNFalpha (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-23
    Description: Activity-dependent modulation of synaptic efficacy in the brain contributes to neural circuit development and experience-dependent plasticity. Although glia are affected by activity and ensheathe synapses, their influence on synaptic strength has largely been ignored. Here, we show that a protein produced by glia, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), enhances synaptic efficacy by increasing surface expression of AMPA receptors. Preventing the actions of endogenous TNFalpha has the opposite effects. Thus, the continual presence of TNFalpha is required for preservation of synaptic strength at excitatory synapses. Through its effects on AMPA receptor trafficking, TNFalpha may play roles in synaptic plasticity and modulating responses to neural injury.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beattie, Eric C -- Stellwagen, David -- Morishita, Wade -- Bresnahan, Jacqueline C -- Ha, Byeong Keun -- Von Zastrow, Mark -- Beattie, Michael S -- Malenka, Robert C -- DA00439/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH063394/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS 31193/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS38079/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 22;295(5563):2282-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Nancy Pritzker Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA. beattie.2@osu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11910117" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD/pharmacology ; Astrocytes/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media, Conditioned/pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Hippocampus/cytology/metabolism ; Neuronal Plasticity/drug effects ; Neurons/drug effects/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, AMPA/metabolism ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I ; Synapses/drug effects/*metabolism ; Synaptic Transmission/drug effects ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Excess polymorphisms in genes for membrane proteins in Plasmodium falciparum (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-05
    Description: The detection of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in pathogenic microorganisms has normally been carried out by trial and error. Here we show that DNA hybridization with high-density oligonucleotide arrays provides rapid and convenient detection of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum, despite its exceptionally high adenine-thymine (AT) content (82%). A disproportionate number of polymorphisms are found in genes encoding proteins associated with the cell membrane. These genes are targets for only 22% of the oligonucleotide probes but account for 69% of the polymorphisms. Genetic variation is also enriched in subtelomeric regions, which account for 22% of the chromosome but 76% of the polymorphisms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Volkman, Sarah K -- Hartl, Daniel L -- Wirth, Dyann F -- Nielsen, Kaare M -- Choi, Mehee -- Batalov, Serge -- Zhou, Yingyao -- Plouffe, David -- Le Roch, Karine G -- Abagyan, Ruben -- Winzeler, Elizabeth A -- GM61351/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 4;298(5591):216-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12364807" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chromosomes/genetics ; DNA, Protozoan/genetics ; *Genes, Protozoan ; Genetic Variation ; Genome, Protozoan ; Membrane Proteins/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Plasmodium falciparum/*genetics ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Protozoan Proteins/*genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
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    Meet the mosquitoes (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 4;298(5591):95.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12364781" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aedes/physiology ; Animals ; Anopheles/physiology ; Culex/physiology ; *Culicidae/physiology ; Environment ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; *Insect Vectors/physiology ; Male ; Oviposition ; Reproduction ; Sexual Behavior, Animal
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Lab v. field: the case for studying real-life bugs (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 4;298(5591):92-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12364779" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Genetically Modified ; *Anopheles/genetics/parasitology/physiology ; Behavior, Animal ; Biological Evolution ; *Culicidae/genetics/parasitology/physiology ; Ecology ; Genetics, Population ; Genome ; Humans ; *Insect Vectors/genetics/parasitology/physiology ; Malaria/prevention & control/transmission ; Molecular Biology ; Mosquito Control ; Plasmodium/physiology ; *Research ; Research Support as Topic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sexual Behavior, Animal
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    Gene expression during the life cycle of Drosophila melanogaster (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-28
    Description: Molecular genetic studies of Drosophila melanogaster have led to profound advances in understanding the regulation of development. Here we report gene expression patterns for nearly one-third of all Drosophila genes during a complete time course of development. Mutations that eliminate eye or germline tissue were used to further analyze tissue-specific gene expression programs. These studies define major characteristics of the transcriptional programs that underlie the life cycle, compare development in males and females, and show that large-scale gene expression data collected from whole animals can be used to identify genes expressed in particular tissues and organs or genes involved in specific biological and biochemical processes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arbeitman, Michelle N -- Furlong, Eileen E M -- Imam, Farhad -- Johnson, Eric -- Null, Brian H -- Baker, Bruce S -- Krasnow, Mark A -- Scott, Matthew P -- Davis, Ronald W -- White, Kevin P -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 27;297(5590):2270-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12351791" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Animals ; Cluster Analysis ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/embryology/*genetics/*growth & development ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/physiology ; Female ; *Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; *Genes, Insect ; Germ Cells/physiology ; Larva/genetics ; Life Cycle Stages/*genetics ; Male ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Organ Specificity ; Pupa/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Sex Characteristics ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Genomic instability in mice lacking histone H2AX (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-06
    Description: Higher order chromatin structure presents a barrier to the recognition and repair of DNA damage. Double-strand breaks (DSBs) induce histone H2AX phosphorylation, which is associated with the recruitment of repair factors to damaged DNA. To help clarify the physiological role of H2AX, we targeted H2AX in mice. Although H2AX is not essential for irradiation-induced cell-cycle checkpoints, H2AX-/- mice were radiation sensitive, growth retarded, and immune deficient, and mutant males were infertile. These pleiotropic phenotypes were associated with chromosomal instability, repair defects, and impaired recruitment of Nbs1, 53bp1, and Brca1, but not Rad51, to irradiation-induced foci. Thus, H2AX is critical for facilitating the assembly of specific DNA-repair complexes on damaged DNA.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4721576/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4721576/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Celeste, Arkady -- Petersen, Simone -- Romanienko, Peter J -- Fernandez-Capetillo, Oscar -- Chen, Hua Tang -- Sedelnikova, Olga A -- Reina-San-Martin, Bernardo -- Coppola, Vincenzo -- Meffre, Eric -- Difilippantonio, Michael J -- Redon, Christophe -- Pilch, Duane R -- Olaru, Alexandru -- Eckhaus, Michael -- Camerini-Otero, R Daniel -- Tessarollo, Lino -- Livak, Ferenc -- Manova, Katia -- Bonner, William M -- Nussenzweig, Michel C -- Nussenzweig, Andre -- Z99 CA999999/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 3;296(5569):922-7. Epub 2002 Apr 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11934988" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology/physiology ; Base Sequence ; Cell Aging ; Cell Cycle ; Cells, Cultured ; *Chromosome Aberrations ; DNA Damage ; *DNA Repair ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Histones/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology ; Immunoglobulin Class Switching ; Infertility, Male/genetics/physiopathology ; Lymphocyte Count ; Male ; Meiosis ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phosphorylation ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Spermatocytes/physiology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology/physiology
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    Genomics. Gene duplication and evolution (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lynch, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 9;297(5583):945-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA. mlynch@bio.indiana.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12169715" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics ; Chromosomes/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human/genetics ; *Gene Duplication ; Gene Rearrangement ; Gene Silencing ; *Genes, Duplicate ; *Genome, Human ; Genomics ; Humans ; Mutation ; Selection, Genetic
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    Chemical synthesis of poliovirus cDNA: generation of infectious virus in the absence of natural template (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-07-13
    Description: Full-length poliovirus complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthesized by assembling oligonucleotides of plus and minus strand polarity. The synthetic poliovirus cDNA was transcribed by RNA polymerase into viral RNA, which translated and replicated in a cell-free extract, resulting in the de novo synthesis of infectious poliovirus. Experiments in tissue culture using neutralizing antibodies and CD155 receptor-specific antibodies and neurovirulence tests in CD155 transgenic mice confirmed that the synthetic virus had biochemical and pathogenic characteristics of poliovirus. Our results show that it is possible to synthesize an infectious agent by in vitro chemical-biochemical means solely by following instructions from a written sequence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cello, Jeronimo -- Paul, Aniko V -- Wimmer, Eckard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 9;297(5583):1016-8. Epub 2002 Jul 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5222, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12114528" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Capsid/metabolism ; Cell-Free System ; DNA, Complementary/*chemical synthesis/genetics ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/genetics ; Female ; *Genome, Viral ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Male ; *Membrane Proteins ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neutralization Tests ; Poliomyelitis/virology ; *Poliovirus/genetics/immunology/pathogenicity/physiology ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA, Viral/*chemical synthesis/genetics/physiology ; Receptors, Virus/genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; Viral Plaque Assay ; Viral Proteins ; Virulence ; Virus Replication
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    Primate origins meeting. New fossils and a glimpse of evolution (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moffat, Anne Simon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 25;295(5555):613-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11809953" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Color Perception ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; *Fossils ; Haplorhini ; Male ; Plant Leaves ; *Primates/anatomy & histology ; Skeleton
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    Climate change and latitudinal patterns of intertidal thermal stress (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-02
    Description: The interaction of climate and the timing of low tides along the West Coast of the United States creates a complex mosaic of thermal environments, in which northern sites can be more thermally stressful than southern sites. Thus, climate change may not lead to a poleward shift in the distribution of intertidal organisms, as has been proposed, but instead will likely cause localized extinctions at a series of "hot spots." Patterns of exposure to extreme climatic conditions are temporally variable, and tidal predictions suggest that in the next 3 to 5 years "hot spots" are likely to appear at several northern sites.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Helmuth, Brian -- Harley, Christopher D G -- Halpin, Patricia M -- O'Donnell, Michael -- Hofmann, Gretchen E -- Blanchette, Carol A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 1;298(5595):1015-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of South Carolina, Department of Biological Sciences and Marine Sciences Program, Columbia, SC 29208, USA. helmuth@biol.sc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12411702" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bivalvia/*physiology ; *Body Temperature ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Geography ; Pacific Ocean ; Pacific States ; Seasons ; *Seawater ; Temperature ; *Water Movements
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    Enhanced and delayed stress-induced alcohol drinking in mice lacking functional CRH1 receptors (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-04
    Description: There is a relation between stress and alcohol drinking. We show that the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) system that mediates endocrine and behavioral responses to stress plays a role in the control of long-term alcohol drinking. In mice lacking a functional CRH1 receptor, stress leads to enhanced and progressively increasing alcohol intake. The effect of repeated stress on alcohol drinking behavior appeared with a delay and persisted throughout life. It was associated with an up-regulation of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunit NR2B. Alterations in the CRH1 receptor gene and adaptional changes in NR2B subunits may constitute a genetic risk factor for stress-induced alcohol drinking and alcoholism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sillaber, Inge -- Rammes, Gerhard -- Zimmermann, Stephan -- Mahal, Beatrice -- Zieglgansberger, Walter -- Wurst, Wolfgang -- Holsboer, Florian -- Spanagel, Rainer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 3;296(5569):931-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany. sillaber@mpipsykl.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11988580" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; *Alcohol Drinking ; Alcoholism/*etiology/genetics ; Animals ; Brain/metabolism ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/physiology ; Ethanol/blood ; Female ; Hippocampus/physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Models, Animal ; Mutation ; Receptors, AMPA/metabolism ; Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/*genetics/*physiology ; Receptors, Kainic Acid/metabolism ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Stress, Physiological/physiopathology ; Stress, Psychological/*physiopathology ; Up-Regulation
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    Hybridization and the evolution of reef coral diversity (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-18
    Description: Hundreds of coral species coexist sympatrically on reefs, reproducing in mass-spawning events where hybridization appears common. In the Caribbean, DNA sequence data from all three sympatric Acropora corals show that mass spawning does not erode species barriers. Species A. cervicornis and A. palmata are distinct at two nuclear loci or share ancestral alleles. Morphotypes historically given the name Acropora prolifera are entirely F(1) hybrids of these two species, showing morphologies that depend on which species provides the egg for hybridization. Although selection limits the evolutionary potential of hybrids, F(1) individuals can reproduce asexually and form long-lived, potentially immortal hybrids with unique morphologies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vollmer, Steven V -- Palumbi, Stephen R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 14;296(5575):2023-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. svollmer@oeb.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12065836" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bayes Theorem ; *Biological Evolution ; Calmodulin/genetics ; Caribbean Region ; Cnidaria/anatomy & histology/*classification/*genetics/physiology ; Collagen/genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Genetic Variation ; Haplotypes ; *Hybridization, Genetic ; Introns ; Likelihood Functions ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Reproduction ; Reproduction, Asexual ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Species Specificity
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    Stem cells. Setting standards for human embryonic stem cells (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-05-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brivanlou, Ali H -- Gage, Fred H -- Jaenisch, Rudolf -- Jessell, Thomas -- Melton, Douglas -- Rossant, Janet -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 9;300(5621):913-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA. brvnlou@rockefeller.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12738841" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Specimen Banks ; Cell Culture Techniques/methods ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; *Cell Line ; Culture Media ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; Databases, Factual ; *Embryo Research ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology ; Humans ; Quality Control ; Registries ; Research/standards ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; *Stem Cells/cytology/physiology ; Transfection
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    Construction and analysis of a human-chimpanzee comparative clone map (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-05
    Description: The recently released human genome sequences provide us with reference data to conduct comparative genomic research on primates, which will be important to understand what genetic information makes us human. Here we present a first-generation human-chimpanzee comparative genome map and its initial analysis. The map was constructed through paired alignment of 77,461 chimpanzee bacterial artificial chromosome end sequences with publicly available human genome sequences. We detected candidate positions, including two clusters on human chromosome 21 that suggest large, nonrandom regions of difference between the two genomes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fujiyama, Asao -- Watanabe, Hidemi -- Toyoda, Atsushi -- Taylor, Todd D -- Itoh, Takehiko -- Tsai, Shih-Feng -- Park, Hong-Seog -- Yaspo, Marie-Laure -- Lehrach, Hans -- Chen, Zhu -- Fu, Gang -- Saitou, Naruya -- Osoegawa, Kazutoyo -- de Jong, Pieter J -- Suto, Yumiko -- Hattori, Masahira -- Sakaki, Yoshiyuki -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 4;295(5552):131-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. afujiyam@gsc.riken.go.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11778049" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; Contig Mapping ; Female ; Gene Library ; *Genome ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Male ; Pan troglodytes/*genetics ; *Physical Chromosome Mapping ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Tagged Sites ; X Chromosome/genetics ; Y Chromosome/genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Taxonomists' requiem? (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Samyn, Yves -- Massin, Claude -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 11;295(5553):276-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11789538" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Classification ; *Ecosystem ; Invertebrates/classification ; Plants/classification ; *Publishing
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Plant genetics. A hidden Arabidopsis emerges under stress (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, Eliot -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 17;296(5571):1218.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12016281" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arabidopsis/anatomy & histology/*genetics/growth & development/*physiology ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Biological Evolution ; Drosophila/anatomy & histology/genetics/growth & development/physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Genes, Insect ; Genes, Plant ; HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Mutation ; Plant Leaves/anatomy & histology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A green algal apicoplast ancestor (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Funes, Soledad -- Davidson, Edgar -- Reyes-Prieto, Adrian -- Magallon, Susana -- Herion, Pascal -- King, Michael P -- Gonzalez-Halphen, Diego -- HL59646/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- TW01176/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 13;298(5601):2155.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Instituto de Fisiologia Celular, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), 04510 D.F., Mexico.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12481129" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Apicomplexa/enzymology/*genetics/ultrastructure ; *Biological Evolution ; Cell Nucleus/genetics ; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii/enzymology/genetics ; Chlorophyta/enzymology/*genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Electron Transport Complex IV/chemistry/*genetics ; *Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; Genes ; Genes, Protozoan ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Plastids/*genetics ; Symbiosis ; Toxoplasma/enzymology/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Obesity drug pipeline not so fat (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-02-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gura, Trisha -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Feb 7;299(5608):849-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12574616" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agouti-Related Protein ; Animals ; Anti-Obesity Agents/adverse effects/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Appetite/drug effects ; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus/metabolism ; Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor/therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Cyclobutanes/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Energy Intake ; Ghrelin ; Humans ; Hunger/drug effects ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Lactones/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Leptin/metabolism/therapeutic use ; Mice ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Neurons/metabolism ; Neuropeptide Y/metabolism/pharmacology ; Obesity/*drug therapy/metabolism ; Peptide Fragments ; Peptide Hormones/metabolism/pharmacology ; Peptide YY/metabolism/pharmacology ; Phentermine/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Proteins/metabolism ; Receptors, Corticotropin/metabolism ; Receptors, Melanocortin ; Weight Loss ; alpha-MSH/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Intellectual property. DuPont ups ante on use of Harvard's OncoMouse (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, Eliot -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 17;296(5571):1212.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12016275" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drug Industry/legislation & jurisprudence ; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor ; Mice ; *Mice, Transgenic ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Neoplasms, Experimental ; *Patents as Topic ; United States ; Universities/legislation & jurisprudence
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Portraits of science. Logic, learning, and experimental medicine (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nutton, Vivian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 1;295(5556):800-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine, University College London, Euston House, 24 Eversholt Street, London NW1 1AD, UK. v.nutton@ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11823624" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anatomy/history ; Anatomy, Comparative/history ; Animals ; Education, Medical/history ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; *Logic ; Philosophy, Medical/*history ; Physician's Role ; Research/*history ; Rome ; Turkey
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    Pheromone reception. When in doubt, mice mate rather than hate (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beckman, Mary -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 1;295(5556):782.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11823614" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aggression ; Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; Cues ; Female ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/*genetics/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Neurons/physiology ; Pheromones/*physiology ; Sex Characteristics ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; TRPC Cation Channels ; Vomeronasal Organ/*innervation/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Systemic RNAi in C. elegans requires the putative transmembrane protein SID-1 (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-09
    Description: Double-stranded RNA-mediated gene interference (RNAi) in Caenorhabditis elegans systemically inhibits gene expression throughout the organism. To investigate how gene-specific silencing information is transmitted between cells, we constructed a strain that permits visualization of systemic RNAi. We used this strain to identify systemic RNA interference-deficient (sid) loci required to spread gene-silencing information between tissues but not to initiate or maintain an RNAi response. One of these loci, sid-1, encodes a conserved protein with predicted transmembrane domains. SID-1 is expressed in cells sensitive to RNAi, is localized to the cell periphery, and is required cell-autonomously for systemic RNAi.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Winston, William M -- Molodowitch, Christina -- Hunter, Craig P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 29;295(5564):2456-9. Epub 2002 Feb 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11834782" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Caenorhabditis elegans/embryology/*genetics/metabolism ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology ; Calmodulin-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/physiology ; *Gene Silencing ; Genes, Helminth ; Germ Cells/metabolism ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; Intestines/metabolism ; Luminescent Proteins/genetics ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mosaicism ; Muscle Proteins/genetics ; Muscles/metabolism ; Mutation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA, Double-Stranded/*genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Helminth/*genetics/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Transgenes
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    Sustaining fisheries yields over evolutionary time scales (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-07-06
    Description: Fishery management plans ignore the potential for evolutionary change in harvestable biomass. We subjected populations of an exploited fish (Menidia menidia) to large, small, or random size-selective harvest of adults over four generations. Harvested biomass evolved rapidly in directions counter to the size-dependent force of fishing mortality. Large-harvested populations initially produced the highest catch but quickly evolved a lower yield than controls. Small-harvested populations did the reverse. These shifts were caused by selection of genotypes with slower or faster rates of growth. Management tools that preserve natural genetic variation are necessary for long-term sustainable yield.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Conover, David O -- Munch, Stephan B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jul 5;297(5578):94-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marine Sciences Research Center, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, USA. dconover@notes.cc.sunysb.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12098697" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Biomass ; Body Constitution ; Body Weight ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Fisheries ; Fishes/anatomy & histology/*genetics/*growth & development ; Genetic Variation ; Population Dynamics ; Regression Analysis ; *Selection, Genetic ; Time Factors
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    Inflammatory arthritis. How immune system gangs up on joints (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beckman, Mary -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 6;297(5587):1626-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12215618" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arthritis/*immunology ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology ; Autoantibodies/immunology ; Humans ; Joints/*immunology ; Mast Cells/immunology ; Mice
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    Signal transduction. History matters (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ingolia, Nicholas T -- Murray, Andrew W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 9;297(5583):948-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Bauer Center for Genomics Research, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12169717" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Cell Cycle Proteins ; Cells, Cultured ; Dual Specificity Phosphatase 1 ; *Feedback, Physiological ; Immediate-Early Proteins/*metabolism ; *MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; *Phosphoprotein Phosphatases ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/metabolism/pharmacology ; Protein Phosphatase 1 ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/*metabolism
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    Stromal effects on mammary gland development and breast cancer (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-11
    Description: Breast cancer manifests itself in the mammary epithelium, yet there is a growing recognition that mammary stromal cells also play an important role in tumorigenesis. During its developmental cycle, the mammary gland displays many of the properties associated with breast cancer, and many of the stromal factors necessary for mammary development also promote or protect against breast cancer. Here we review our present knowledge of the specific factors and cell types that contribute to epithelial-stromal crosstalk during mammary development. To find cures for diseases like breast cancer that rely on epithelial-stromal crosstalk, we must understand how these different cell types communicate with each other.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2788989/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2788989/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wiseman, Bryony S -- Werb, Zena -- CA57621/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA057621/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA057621-07/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 10;296(5570):1046-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anatomy, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12004111" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipocytes/cytology/physiology ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Breast/cytology/embryology/*growth & development/physiology ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology/*physiopathology ; Cell Communication ; Epithelial Cells/physiology ; Extracellular Matrix/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Mammary Glands, Animal/cytology/embryology/*growth & development/physiology ; Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/pathology/*physiopathology ; Morphogenesis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pregnancy ; Signal Transduction ; Stromal Cells/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Retrograde viral delivery of IGF-1 prolongs survival in a mouse ALS model (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-08-09
    Description: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, lethal neuromuscular disease that is associated with the degeneration of spinal and brainstem motor neurons, leading to atrophy of limb, axial, and respiratory muscles. The cause of ALS is unknown, and there is no effective therapy. Neurotrophic factors are candidates for therapeutic evaluation in ALS. Although chronic delivery of molecules to the central nervous system has proven difficult, we recently discovered that adeno-associated virus can be retrogradely transported efficiently from muscle to motor neurons of the spinal cord. We report that insulin-like growth factor 1 prolongs life and delays disease progression, even when delivered at the time of overt disease symptoms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaspar, Brian K -- Llado, Jeronia -- Sherkat, Nushin -- Rothstein, Jeffrey D -- Gage, Fred H -- AG12992/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG21876/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- NS33958/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 8;301(5634):839-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12907804" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/pathology/physiopathology/*therapy ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Base Sequence ; Caspase 9 ; Caspases/metabolism ; Cell Count ; Dependovirus/*genetics ; Disease Models, Animal ; Disease Progression ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; *Genetic Therapy ; *Genetic Vectors/administration & dosage ; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/*genetics ; Luminescent Proteins/genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Motor Neurons/pathology/virology ; Muscle, Skeletal/virology ; Nerve Growth Factors/genetics ; *Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; Random Allocation ; Spinal Cord/chemistry/pathology/virology ; Superoxide Dismutase/genetics/metabolism ; Ubiquitin/analysis
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    Evolutionary discrimination of mammalian conserved non-genic sequences (CNGs) (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-10-04
    Description: Analysis of the human and mouse genomes identified an abundance of conserved non-genic sequences (CNGs). The significance and evolutionary depth of their conservation remain unanswered. We have quantified levels and patterns of conservation of 191 CNGs of human chromosome 21 in 14 mammalian species. We found that CNGs are significantly more conserved than protein-coding genes and noncoding RNAS (ncRNAs) within the mammalian class from primates to monotremes to marsupials. The pattern of substitutions in CNGs differed from that seen in protein-coding and ncRNA genes and resembled that of protein-binding regions. About 0.3% to 1% of the human genome corresponds to a previously unknown class of extremely constrained CNGs shared among mammals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dermitzakis, Emmanouil T -- Reymond, Alexandre -- Scamuffa, Nathalie -- Ucla, Catherine -- Kirkness, Ewen -- Rossier, Colette -- Antonarakis, Stylianos E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 7;302(5647):1033-5. Epub 2003 Oct 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Medical Genetics and National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) Frontiers in Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School and University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Emmanouil.Dermitzakis@medecine.unige.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14526086" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/*genetics ; Chromosomes, Mammalian/*genetics ; *Conserved Sequence ; DNA, Intergenic/*genetics ; Discriminant Analysis ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Genetic Code ; Genome ; Humans ; Male ; Mammals/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Proteins/genetics ; RNA, Untranslated/genetics ; Selection, Genetic ; Sequence Alignment ; Species Specificity ; Time ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Mutations in dynein link motor neuron degeneration to defects in retrograde transport (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-05-06
    Description: Degenerative disorders of motor neurons include a range of progressive fatal diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), spinal-bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Although the causative genetic alterations are known for some cases, the molecular basis of many SMA and SBMA-like syndromes and most ALS cases is unknown. Here we show that missense point mutations in the cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain result in progressive motor neuron degeneration in heterozygous mice, and in homozygotes this is accompanied by the formation of Lewy-like inclusion bodies, thus resembling key features of human pathology. These mutations exclusively perturb neuron-specific functions of dynein.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hafezparast, Majid -- Klocke, Rainer -- Ruhrberg, Christiana -- Marquardt, Andreas -- Ahmad-Annuar, Azlina -- Bowen, Samantha -- Lalli, Giovanna -- Witherden, Abi S -- Hummerich, Holger -- Nicholson, Sharon -- Morgan, P Jeffrey -- Oozageer, Ravi -- Priestley, John V -- Averill, Sharon -- King, Von R -- Ball, Simon -- Peters, Jo -- Toda, Takashi -- Yamamoto, Ayumu -- Hiraoka, Yasushi -- Augustin, Martin -- Korthaus, Dirk -- Wattler, Sigrid -- Wabnitz, Philipp -- Dickneite, Carmen -- Lampel, Stefan -- Boehme, Florian -- Peraus, Gisela -- Popp, Andreas -- Rudelius, Martina -- Schlegel, Juergen -- Fuchs, Helmut -- Hrabe de Angelis, Martin -- Schiavo, Giampietro -- Shima, David T -- Russ, Andreas P -- Stumm, Gabriele -- Martin, Joanne E -- Fisher, Elizabeth M C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 2;300(5620):808-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12730604" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anterior Horn Cells/pathology ; Apoptosis ; *Axonal Transport ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Movement ; Central Nervous System/embryology ; Chromosome Mapping ; Dimerization ; Dyneins/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology ; Female ; Ganglia, Spinal/pathology ; Golgi Apparatus/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; Lewy Bodies/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Motor Neuron Disease/*genetics/pathology/physiopathology ; Motor Neurons/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Mutation ; Mutation, Missense ; *Nerve Degeneration ; Peptide Fragments/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Point Mutation ; Spinal Nerves/growth & development ; Tetanus Toxin/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Generation of an LFA-1 antagonist by the transfer of the ICAM-1 immunoregulatory epitope to a small molecule (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-09
    Description: The protein-protein interaction between leukocyte functional antigen-1 (LFA-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is critical to lymphocyte and immune system function. Here, we report on the transfer of the contiguous, nonlinear epitope of ICAM-1, responsible for its association with LFA-1, to a small-molecule framework. These LFA-1 antagonists bound LFA-1, blocked binding of ICAM-1, and inhibited a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) with potency significantly greater than that of cyclosporine A. Furthermore, in comparison to an antibody to LFA-1, they exhibited significant anti-inflammatory effects in vivo. These results demonstrate the utility of small-molecule mimics of nonlinear protein epitopes and the protein epitopes themselves as leads in the identification of novel pharmaceutical agents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gadek, T R -- Burdick, D J -- McDowell, R S -- Stanley, M S -- Marsters, J C Jr -- Paris, K J -- Oare, D A -- Reynolds, M E -- Ladner, C -- Zioncheck, K A -- Lee, W P -- Gribling, P -- Dennis, M S -- Skelton, N J -- Tumas, D B -- Clark, K R -- Keating, S M -- Beresini, M H -- Tilley, J W -- Presta, L G -- Bodary, S C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 8;295(5557):1086-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Genentech, One DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA. trg@gene.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11834839" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/chemical ; synthesis/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology ; Cyclosporine/pharmacology ; Dermatitis, Irritant/drug therapy ; Dinitrofluorobenzene ; Drug Design ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Epitopes ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/immunology/pharmacology ; Immunosuppressive Agents/chemical synthesis/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/chemistry/*immunology/*metabolism ; Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed ; Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1/immunology/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Molecular Mimicry ; Mutagenesis ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Thiophenes/*chemical synthesis/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; beta-Alanine/analogs & derivatives/*chemical ; synthesis/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Common structure of soluble amyloid oligomers implies common mechanism of pathogenesis (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-04-19
    Description: Soluble oligomers are common to most amyloids and may represent the primary toxic species of amyloids, like the Abeta peptide in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here we show that all of the soluble oligomers tested display a common conformation-dependent structure that is unique to soluble oligomers regardless of sequence. The in vitro toxicity of soluble oligomers is inhibited by oligomer-specific antibody. Soluble oligomers have a unique distribution in human AD brain that is distinct from fibrillar amyloid. These results indicate that different types of soluble amyloid oligomers have a common structure and suggest they share a common mechanism of toxicity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kayed, Rakez -- Head, Elizabeth -- Thompson, Jennifer L -- McIntire, Theresa M -- Milton, Saskia C -- Cotman, Carl W -- Glabe, Charles G -- AG00538/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG16573/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- NS31230/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 18;300(5618):486-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-3900, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12702875" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alzheimer Disease/metabolism/pathology ; Amyloid/chemistry/toxicity ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/analysis/*chemistry/immunology/toxicity ; Animals ; Antibodies/immunology ; Antibody Specificity ; Biopolymers/analysis/chemistry/toxicity ; Brain/pathology ; Brain Chemistry ; Cell Survival ; Humans ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Microscopy, Electron ; Molecular Mimicry ; Neurofibrillary Tangles/chemistry ; Peptide Fragments/chemistry/immunology ; Protein Conformation ; Rabbits ; Solubility ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Critical roles of activation-induced cytidine deaminase in the homeostasis of gut flora (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-16
    Description: Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) plays an essential role in class switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM) of immunoglobulin genes. We report here that deficiency in AID results in the development of hyperplasia of isolated lymphoid follicles (ILFs) associated with a 100-fold expansion of anaerobic flora in the small intestine. Reduction of bacterial flora by antibiotic treatment of AID-/- mice abolished ILF hyperplasia as well as the germinal center enlargement seen in secondary lymphoid tissues. Because an inability to switch to immunoglobulin A on its own does not lead to a similar phenotype, these results suggest that SHM of ILF B cells plays a critical role in regulating intestinal microflora.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fagarasan, Sidonia -- Muramatsu, Masamichi -- Suzuki, Keiichiro -- Nagaoka, Hitoshi -- Hiai, Hiroshi -- Honjo, Tasuku -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 15;298(5597):1424-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12434060" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Bacteria, Aerobic/*growth & development ; Bacteria, Anaerobic/*growth & development ; Cell Division ; Colony Count, Microbial ; Cytidine Deaminase/genetics/*metabolism ; Dendritic Cells, Follicular/immunology ; Drug Therapy, Combination/pharmacology ; Genes, Immunoglobulin ; Germinal Center/immunology ; Homeostasis ; Hyperplasia ; Immunization ; Immunoglobulin Class Switching ; Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics ; Intestine, Small/immunology/*microbiology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphoid Tissue/immunology/*pathology ; Metronidazole/pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred CBA ; Peyer's Patches/pathology ; Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Inhibition of excess nodal signaling during mouse gastrulation by the transcriptional corepressor DRAP1 (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-10
    Description: The formation and patterning of mesoderm during mammalian gastrulation require the activity of Nodal, a secreted mesoderm-inducing factor of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family. Here we show that the transcriptional corepressor DRAP1 has a very specific role in regulation of Nodal activity during mouse embryogenesis. We find that loss of Drap1 leads to severe gastrulation defects that are consistent with increased expression of Nodal and can be partially suppressed by Nodal heterozygosity. Biochemical studies indicate that DRAP1 interacts with and inhibits DNA binding by the winged-helix transcription factor FoxH1 (FAST), a critical component of a positive feedback loop for Nodal activity. We propose that DRAP1 limits the spread of a morphogenetic signal by down-modulating the response to the Nodal autoregulatory loop.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Iratni, Rabah -- Yan, Yu-Ting -- Chen, Canhe -- Ding, Jixiang -- Zhang, Yi -- Price, Sandy M -- Reinberg, Danny -- Shen, Michael M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 6;298(5600):1996-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biochemistry, Division of Nucleic Acids Enzymology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12471260" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Crosses, Genetic ; DNA/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; *Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Female ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; Gastrula/*physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Gene Targeting ; Heterozygote ; In Situ Hybridization ; Left-Right Determination Factors ; Male ; Mesoderm/cytology/physiology ; Mice ; Morphogenesis ; Mutation ; Nodal Protein ; Phenotype ; Protein Binding ; RNA Interference ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; *Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Amphibian decline. Ubiquitous herbicide emasculates frogs (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Withgott, Jay -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 19;296(5567):447-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11964448" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atrazine/administration & dosage/*toxicity ; Disorders of Sex Development/*chemically induced/pathology ; Female ; Gonads/*abnormalities ; Herbicides/administration & dosage/*toxicity ; Male ; Ovary/abnormalities ; Rana pipiens/*abnormalities/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Testis/abnormalities ; Testosterone/metabolism ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/administration & dosage/toxicity ; Xenopus laevis/*abnormalities/anatomy & histology/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Toxicology. Fruit bats linked to mystery disease (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 12;296(5566):241.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11951013" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/epidemiology/etiology ; Animals ; *Chiroptera ; *Cycas ; Cycasin/toxicity ; *Diet ; Guam/epidemiology ; Humans ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/epidemiology/*etiology ; Neurotoxins/toxicity ; Parkinsonian Disorders/epidemiology/etiology ; Plant Poisoning/epidemiology ; Plants, Toxic ; Seeds
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Comment on "Tumor response to radiotherapy regulated by endothelial cell apoptosis" (II) (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-12-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, Martin -- Bristow, Robert -- Glazer, Peter -- Hill, Richard -- McBride, William -- McKenna, Gillies -- Muschel, Ruth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 12;302(5652):1894; author reply 1894.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14671275" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Disease Models, Animal ; Endothelium, Vascular/*pathology/radiation effects ; Melanoma, Experimental/blood supply/immunology/pathology/*radiotherapy ; Mice ; Radiation Tolerance ; Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Longevity research. In vino vitalis? Compounds activate life-extending genes (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-08-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hall, Stephen S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 29;301(5637):1165.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12947168" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animals ; Caloric Restriction ; *Flavonoids ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Histone Deacetylases/*genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; *Longevity ; Phenols/metabolism ; Polymers/metabolism ; Polyphenols ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/physiology ; Silent Information Regulator Proteins, Saccharomyces ; cerevisiae/*genetics/metabolism ; Sirtuin 1 ; Sirtuin 2 ; Sirtuins/*genetics/metabolism ; Stilbenes/*metabolism ; Vitis/chemistry ; *Wine
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Caspian Sea. Scientists deplore OK for sturgeon catch (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 22;295(5563):2191.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11910078" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Commerce/economics ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Fishes/physiology ; *Food Supply/economics/standards ; Marine Biology ; Oceans and Seas ; Russia
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Lupus: mysterious disease holds its secrets tight (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, Eliot -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 26;296(5568):689-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11976440" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Antinuclear/immunology/metabolism ; Autoantibodies/immunology ; Autoantigens/immunology ; Chromosome Mapping ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Disease Susceptibility ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/complications ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Immune System/physiopathology ; Immunotherapy ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/*etiology/genetics/immunology/therapy ; Male ; Mental Processes ; *Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear ; Risk Factors ; snRNP Core Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Genomics. Mmu 16--comparative genomic highlights (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Copeland, Neal G -- Jenkins, Nancy A -- O'Brien, Stephen J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 31;296(5573):1617-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA. copeland@ncifcrf.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12040165" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Composition ; Biological Evolution ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosomes/*genetics ; Chromosomes, Human/genetics ; Computational Biology ; Conserved Sequence ; Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Duplication ; Gene Rearrangement ; Genes ; Genome ; *Genome, Human ; Genomics ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains/*genetics ; Multigene Family ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Species Specificity ; Synteny
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Immunotherapeutic approaches to Alzheimer's disease (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-11-01
    Description: Although neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease are not classically considered mediated by inflammation or the immune system, in some instances the immune system may play an important role in the degenerative process. Furthermore, it has become clear that the immune system itself may have beneficial effects in nervous system diseases considered neurodegenerative. Immunotherapeutic approaches designed to induce a humoral immune response have recently been developed for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. These studies have led to human trials that resulted in both beneficial and adverse effects. In animal models, it has also been shown that immunotherapy designed to induce a cellular immune response may be of benefit in central nervous system injury, although T cells may have either a beneficial or detrimental effect depending on the type of T cell response induced. These areas provide a new avenue for exploring immune system-based therapy of neurodegenerative diseases and will be discussed here with a primary focus on Alzheimer's disease. We will also discuss how these approaches affect microglia activation, which plays a key role in therapy of such diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Monsonego, Alon -- Weiner, Howard L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 31;302(5646):834-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. amonsonego@rics.bwh.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14593170" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alzheimer Disease/*therapy ; Alzheimer Vaccines/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/*immunology/metabolism ; Animals ; Antibody Formation ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology ; Central Nervous System/immunology ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Immunity, Mucosal ; Immunization ; *Immunotherapy/adverse effects ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Microglia/immunology ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Coordinated reactivation of distributed memory traces in primate neocortex (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-21
    Description: Conversion of new memories into a lasting form may involve the gradual refinement and linking together of neural representations stored widely throughout neocortex. This consolidation process may require coordinated reactivation of distributed components of memory traces while the cortex is "offline," i.e., not engaged in processing external stimuli. Simultaneous neural ensemble recordings from four sites in the macaque neocortex revealed such coordinated reactivation. In motor, somatosensory, and parietal cortex (but not prefrontal cortex), the behaviorally induced correlation structure and temporal patterning of neural ensembles within and between regions were preserved, confirming a major tenet of the trace-reactivation theory of memory consolidation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoffman, K L -- McNaughton, B L -- MH01565/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 20;297(5589):2070-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Neural Systems, Memory, and Aging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12242447" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Cues ; Electrodes, Implanted ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Mental Recall/*physiology ; Motor Cortex/physiology ; Neocortex/*physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Parietal Lobe/physiology ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiology ; Somatosensory Cortex/physiology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Society of Vertebrate Paleontology meeting. Mastodon gladiators (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-11-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 14;302(5648):1143.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14615513" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Elephants/anatomy & histology/injuries ; Fractures, Bone/veterinary ; Incisor/anatomy & histology/injuries ; Paleontology ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Social Dominance ; *Violence
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    Altered patterns of sleep and behavioral adaptability in NPAS2-deficient mice (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-07-05
    Description: Animal behavior is synchronized to the 24-hour light:dark (LD) cycle by regulatory programs that produce circadian fluctuations in gene expression throughout the body. In mammals, the transcription factor CLOCK controls circadian oscillation in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the brain; its paralog, neuronal PAS domain protein 2 (NPAS2), performs a similar function in other forebrain sites. To investigate the role of NPAS2 in behavioral manifestations of circadian rhythm, we studied locomotor activity, sleep patterns, and adaptability to both light- and restricted food-driven entrainment in NPAS2-deficient mice. Our results indicate that NPAS2 plays a substantive role in maintaining circadian behaviors in normal LD and feeding conditions and that NPAS2 is critical for adaptability to food restriction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dudley, Carol A -- Erbel-Sieler, Claudia -- Estill, Sandi Jo -- Reick, Martin -- Franken, Paul -- Pitts, SiNae -- McKnight, Steven L -- 37919/PHS HHS/ -- 4R37 MH59388/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- 5T3DK07328/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- HL 64148/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 18;301(5631):379-83. Epub 2003 Jul 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9152, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12843397" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; Behavior, Animal ; Biological Clocks/*physiology ; Body Weight ; CLOCK Proteins ; Circadian Rhythm/*physiology ; Crosses, Genetic ; Darkness ; Eating ; Electroencephalography ; Electromyography ; Female ; Food ; Gene Targeting ; Light ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; *Motor Activity ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Prosencephalon/physiology ; *Sleep ; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/physiology ; Trans-Activators/genetics/physiology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*physiology
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  • 85
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    Aging and genome maintenance: lessons from the mouse? (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-03-01
    Description: Recent progress in the science of aging is driven largely by the use of model systems, ranging from yeast and nematodes to mice. These models have revealed conservation in genetic pathways that balance energy production and its damaging by-products with pathways that preserve somatic maintenance. Maintaining genome integrity has emerged as a major factor in longevity and cell viability. Here we discuss the use of mouse models with defects in genome maintenance for understanding the molecular basis of aging in humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hasty, Paul -- Campisi, Judith -- Hoeijmakers, Jan -- van Steeg, Harry -- Vijg, Jan -- AG17242/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Feb 28;299(5611):1355-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA. hastye@uthscsa.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12610296" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging/genetics ; Aging, Premature/*genetics ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Aging ; *DNA Damage ; DNA Helicases/genetics/metabolism ; *DNA Repair/genetics ; Exodeoxyribonucleases ; *Genome ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Longevity/genetics ; Mice ; Mutation ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; RecQ Helicases ; Syndrome ; Telomere/physiology ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 86
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    Society of Vertebrate Paleontology meeting. Mammal menagerie (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-11-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 14;302(5648):1142.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14615511" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Body Constitution ; Diet ; *Dogs/anatomy & histology ; Jaw/anatomy & histology ; Paleontology ; *Predatory Behavior ; Time
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  • 87
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    Psychology. Evolution of the social brain (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-11-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dunbar, Robin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 14;302(5648):1160-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK. rimd@liv.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14615522" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Wild ; *Biological Evolution ; *Cognition ; Endorphins/physiology ; Female ; Grooming ; Hierarchy, Social ; Language ; Neocortex/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Papio/physiology/*psychology ; *Reproduction ; *Social Behavior ; Social Dominance ; Social Support ; Vocalization, Animal
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  • 88
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    Molecular pathways of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-11-01
    Description: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex disorder with many different causes, yet they may intersect in common pathways, raising the possibility that neuroprotective agents may have broad applicability in the treatment of PD. Current evidence suggests that mitochondrial complex I inhibition may be the central cause of sporadic PD and that derangements in complex I cause alpha-synuclein aggregation, which contributes to the demise of dopamine neurons. Accumulation and aggregation of alpha-synuclein may further contribute to the death of dopamine neurons through impairments in protein handling and detoxification. Dysfunction of parkin (a ubiquitin E3 ligase) and DJ-1 could contribute to these deficits. Strategies aimed at restoring complex I activity, reducing oxidative stress and alpha-synuclein aggregation, and enhancing protein degradation may hold particular promise as powerful neuroprotective agents in the treatment of PD.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dawson, Ted M -- Dawson, Valina L -- NS38377/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 31;302(5646):819-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. tdawson@jhmi.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14593166" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Brain/*metabolism/pathology ; Cysteine Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Electron Transport Complex I/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; Mitochondria/enzymology ; Multienzyme Complexes/metabolism ; Mutation ; Nerve Degeneration ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Neurons/*metabolism/pathology ; Oxidative Stress ; Parkinson Disease/*etiology/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Parkinsonian Disorders/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; Synucleins ; Ubiquitin/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics/metabolism ; alpha-Synuclein
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  • 89
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    Chromosomal speciation (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-08-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bowers, Evelyn J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 8;301(5634):764-5; author reply 764-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12907779" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosomes, Human/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2/genetics ; Chromosomes, Mammalian/*genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genetics, Population ; Hominidae/*genetics ; Humans ; Pan troglodytes/*genetics ; *Recombination, Genetic ; *Selection, Genetic ; Translocation, Genetic
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  • 90
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    Polyubiquitination of p53 by a ubiquitin ligase activity of p300 (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-04-12
    Description: Rapid turnover of the tumor suppressor protein p53 requires the MDM2 ubiquitin ligase, and both interact with p300-CREB-binding protein transcriptional coactivator proteins. p53 is stabilized by the binding of p300 to the oncoprotein E1A, suggesting that p300 regulates p53 degradation. Purified p300 exhibited intrinsic ubiquitin ligase activity that was inhibited by E1A. In vitro, p300 with MDM2 catalyzed p53 polyubiquitination, whereas MDM2 catalyzed p53 monoubiquitination. E1A expression caused a decrease in polyubiquitinated but not monoubiquitinated p53 in cells. Thus, generation of the polyubiquitinated forms of p53 that are targeted for proteasome degradation requires the intrinsic ubiquitin ligase activities of MDM2 and p300.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grossman, Steven R -- Deato, Maria E -- Brignone, Chrystelle -- Chan, Ho Man -- Kung, Andrew L -- Tagami, Hideaki -- Nakatani, Yoshihiro -- Livingston, David M -- CA15751/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 11;300(5617):342-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12690203" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenovirus E1A Proteins/metabolism ; Animals ; Catalysis ; Cells, Cultured ; E1A-Associated p300 Protein ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Humans ; Ligases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Mice ; Nuclear Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Trans-Activators/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/*metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ; Ubiquitins/*metabolism
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  • 91
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    Rapid evolution of egg size in captive salmon (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-03-15
    Description: Captive breeding and release programs, widely used to supplement populations of declining species, minimize juvenile mortality to achieve rapid population growth. However, raising animals in benign environments may promote traits that are adaptive in captivity but maladaptive in nature. In chinook salmon, hatchery rearing relaxes natural selection favoring large eggs, allowing fecundity selection to drive exceptionally rapid evolution of small eggs. Trends toward small eggs are also evident in natural populations heavily supplemented by hatcheries, but not in minimally supplemented populations. Unintentional selection in captivity can lead to rapid changes in critical life-history traits that may reduce the success of supplementation or reintroduction programs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heath, Daniel D -- Heath, John W -- Bryden, Colleen A -- Johnson, Rachel M -- Fox, Charles W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 14;299(5613):1738-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada. dheath@uwindsor.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12637746" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Body Constitution ; Body Weight ; *Breeding ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Environment ; Female ; Fertility ; *Fisheries ; Ovum/*physiology ; Salmon/genetics/*physiology ; Selection, Genetic
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  • 92
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    Ecology. New count of old whales adds up to big debate (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-07-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lubick, Naomi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 25;301(5632):451.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12881542" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; Male ; Mutation ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Time Factors ; *Whales/genetics
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  • 93
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    Evolution. Evolutionary danger for rainforest species (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-07-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roff, Derek -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 4;301(5629):58-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. derek.roff@ucr.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12843382" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Australia ; *Biological Evolution ; Climate ; Dehydration ; Drosophila/*genetics/*physiology ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Genetic Variation ; *Greenhouse Effect ; Selection, Genetic ; Trees
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  • 94
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    Reversing the inactivation of peroxiredoxins caused by cysteine sulfinic acid formation (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-04-26
    Description: The active-site cysteine of peroxiredoxins is selectively oxidized to cysteine sulfinic acid during catalysis, which leads to inactivation of peroxidase activity. This oxidation was thought to be irreversible. However, by metabolic labeling of mammalian cells with 35S, we show that the sulfinic form of peroxiredoxin I, produced during the exposure of cells to H2O2, is rapidly reduced to the catalytically active thiol form. The mammalian cells' ability to reduce protein sulfinic acid might serve as a mechanism to repair oxidatively damaged proteins or represent a new type of cyclic modification by which the function of various proteins is regulated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Woo, Hyun Ae -- Chae, Ho Zoon -- Hwang, Sung Chul -- Yang, Kap-Seok -- Kang, Sang Won -- Kim, Kanghwa -- Rhee, Sue Goo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 25;300(5619):653-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Cell Signaling Research and Division of Molecular Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12714748" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Catalysis ; Cell Line ; Cycloheximide/pharmacology ; Cysteine/*analogs & derivatives/*metabolism ; Dimerization ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide/*metabolism ; Methionine/metabolism ; Mice ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Peroxidases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Peroxiredoxins ; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Sulfhydryl Compounds/metabolism ; Sulfinic Acids/metabolism ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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  • 95
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    Chromosomal instability and tumors promoted by DNA hypomethylation (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-04-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eden, Amir -- Gaudet, Francois -- Waghmare, Alpana -- Jaenisch, Rudolf -- CA87869/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 18;300(5618):455.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12702868" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosomes, Mammalian/*genetics/physiology ; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase/genetics/metabolism ; *DNA Methylation ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Genes, Neurofibromatosis 1 ; Genes, p53 ; Humans ; *Loss of Heterozygosity ; Mice ; Mutation ; Neoplasms/genetics ; Recombination, Genetic ; Sarcoma/*genetics ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms/*genetics
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  • 96
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    Closing of the nucleotide pocket of kinesin-family motors upon binding to microtubules (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-05-06
    Description: We have used adenosine diphosphate analogs containing electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin moieties and EPR spectroscopy to show that the nucleotide-binding site of kinesin-family motors closes when the motor.diphosphate complex binds to microtubules. Structural analyses demonstrate that a domain movement in the switch 1 region at the nucleotide site, homologous to domain movements in the switch 1 region in the G proteins [heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins], explains the EPR data. The switch movement primes the motor both for the free energy-yielding nucleotide hydrolysis reaction and for subsequent conformational changes that are crucial for the generation of force and directed motion along the microtubule.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Naber, Nariman -- Minehardt, Todd J -- Rice, Sarah -- Chen, Xiaoru -- Grammer, Jean -- Matuska, Marija -- Vale, Ronald D -- Kollman, Peter A -- Car, Roberto -- Yount, Ralph G -- Cooke, Roger -- Pate, Edward -- AR39643/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- AR42895/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- DK05915/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM29072/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RR1081/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 2;300(5620):798-801.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. naber@itsa.ucsf.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12730601" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenine Nucleotides/*metabolism ; Adenosine Diphosphate/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Computer Simulation ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrolysis ; Kinesin/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Microtubules/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Motor Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Molecular Probes/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Spin Labels
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  • 97
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    Whales before whaling in the North Atlantic (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-07-26
    Description: It is well known that hunting dramatically reduced all baleen whale populations, yet reliable estimates of former whale abundances are elusive. Based on coalescent models for mitochondrial DNA sequence variation, the genetic diversity of North Atlantic whales suggests population sizes of approximately 240,000 humpback, 360,000 fin, and 265,000 minke whales. Estimates for fin and humpback whales are far greater than those previously calculated for prewhaling populations and 6 to 20 times higher than present-day population estimates. Such discrepancies suggest the need for a quantitative reevaluation of historical whale populations and a fundamental revision in our conception of the natural state of the oceans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roman, Joe -- Palumbi, Stephen R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 25;301(5632):508-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12881568" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Base Sequence ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Time Factors ; *Whales/classification/genetics
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  • 98
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    Arctic ecology. For precarious populations, pollutants present new perils (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-03-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Webster, Paul -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 14;299(5613):1642.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12637710" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arctic Regions ; Canada ; *Ecosystem ; Environmental Exposure/*adverse effects ; Environmental Pollutants/*analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infection/epidemiology/etiology ; *Inuits ; Memory ; Risk Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 99
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    Separate evolutionary origins of teeth from evidence in fossil jawed vertebrates (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-02-22
    Description: Placoderms are extinct jawed fishes of the class Placodermi and are basal among jawed vertebrates. It is generally thought that teeth are absent in placoderms and that the phylogenetic origin of teeth occurred after the evolution of jaws. However, we now report the presence of tooth rows in more derived placoderms, the arthrodires. New teeth are composed of gnathostome-type dentine and develop at specific locations. Hence, it appears that these placoderm teeth develop and are regulated as in other jawed vertebrates. Because tooth development occurs only in derived forms of placoderms, we suggest that teeth evolved at least twice, through a mechanism of convergent evolution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, Moya Meredith -- Johanson, Zerina -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Feb 21;299(5610):1235-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Craniofacial Development, Dental Institute, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London Bridge, London SE1 9RT, UK. moya.smith@kcl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12595693" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Dentition ; Fishes/*anatomy & histology ; *Fossils ; *Paleodontology ; Phylogeny ; *Tooth ; Western Australia
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Structural dynamics of eukaryotic chromosome evolution (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-08-09
    Description: Large-scale genome sequencing is providing a comprehensive view of the complex evolutionary forces that have shaped the structure of eukaryotic chromosomes. Comparative sequence analyses reveal patterns of apparently random rearrangement interspersed with regions of extraordinarily rapid, localized genome evolution. Numerous subtle rearrangements near centromeres, telomeres, duplications, and interspersed repeats suggest hotspots for eukaryotic chromosome evolution. This localized chromosomal instability may play a role in rapidly evolving lineage-specific gene families and in fostering large-scale changes in gene order. Computational algorithms that take into account these dynamic forces along with traditional models of chromosomal rearrangement show promise for reconstructing the natural history of eukaryotic chromosomes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eichler, Evan E -- Sankoff, David -- GM58815/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD43569/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HG02385/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 8;301(5634):793-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Center for Human Genetics and Center for Computational Genomics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. eee@po.cwru.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12907789" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Centromere/physiology ; Chromosome Aberrations ; *Chromosomes/genetics/physiology/ultrastructure ; Computational Biology ; DNA Transposable Elements ; Eukaryotic Cells/physiology/*ultrastructure ; Gene Duplication ; Genome ; Humans ; Recombination, Genetic ; Synteny ; Telomere/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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