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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2003-07-05
    Description: Animal behavior is synchronized to the 24-hour light:dark (LD) cycle by regulatory programs that produce circadian fluctuations in gene expression throughout the body. In mammals, the transcription factor CLOCK controls circadian oscillation in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the brain; its paralog, neuronal PAS domain protein 2 (NPAS2), performs a similar function in other forebrain sites. To investigate the role of NPAS2 in behavioral manifestations of circadian rhythm, we studied locomotor activity, sleep patterns, and adaptability to both light- and restricted food-driven entrainment in NPAS2-deficient mice. Our results indicate that NPAS2 plays a substantive role in maintaining circadian behaviors in normal LD and feeding conditions and that NPAS2 is critical for adaptability to food restriction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dudley, Carol A -- Erbel-Sieler, Claudia -- Estill, Sandi Jo -- Reick, Martin -- Franken, Paul -- Pitts, SiNae -- McKnight, Steven L -- 37919/PHS HHS/ -- 4R37 MH59388/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- 5T3DK07328/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- HL 64148/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 18;301(5631):379-83. Epub 2003 Jul 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9152, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12843397" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; Behavior, Animal ; Biological Clocks/*physiology ; Body Weight ; CLOCK Proteins ; Circadian Rhythm/*physiology ; Crosses, Genetic ; Darkness ; Eating ; Electroencephalography ; Electromyography ; Female ; Food ; Gene Targeting ; Light ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; *Motor Activity ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Prosencephalon/physiology ; *Sleep ; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/physiology ; Trans-Activators/genetics/physiology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2001-07-07
    Description: Clock:BMAL1 and NPAS2:BMAL1 are heterodimeric transcription factors that control gene expression as a function of the light-dark cycle. Although built to fluctuate at or near a 24-hour cycle, the clock can be entrained by light, activity, or food. Here we show that the DNA-binding activity of the Clock:BMAL1 and NPAS2:BMAL1 heterodimers is regulated by the redox state of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) cofactors in a purified system. The reduced forms of the redox cofactors, NAD(H) and NADP(H), strongly enhance DNA binding of the Clock:BMAL1 and NPAS2:BMAL1 heterodimers, whereas the oxidized forms inhibit. These observations raise the possibility that food, neuronal activity, or both may entrain the circadian clock by direct modulation of cellular redox state.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rutter, J -- Reick, M -- Wu, L C -- McKnight, S L -- 1RO1MH59388/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NIH5-T32-GM08-291-12/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 20;293(5529):510-4. Epub 2001 Jul 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas-Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9152, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11441146" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ARNTL Transcription Factors ; Animals ; Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; Biological Clocks ; CLOCK Proteins ; Cell Line ; Circadian Rhythm ; DNA/*metabolism ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Dimerization ; Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs ; Humans ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; NAD/*metabolism/pharmacology ; NADP/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; *Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Trans-Activators/chemistry/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2000-06-24
    Description: Neuronal PAS domain protein 2 (NPAS2) is a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) PAS domain transcription factor expressed in multiple regions of the vertebrate brain. Targeted insertion of a beta-galactosidase reporter gene (lacZ) resulted in the production of an NPAS2-lacZ fusion protein and an altered form of NPAS2 lacking the bHLH domain. The neuroanatomical expression pattern of NPAS2-lacZ was temporally and spatially coincident with formation of the mature frontal association/limbic forebrain pathway. NPAS2-deficient mice were subjected to a series of behavioral tests and were found to exhibit deficits in the long-term memory arm of the cued and contextual fear task. Thus, NPAS2 may serve a dedicated regulatory role in the acquisition of specific types of memory.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garcia, J A -- Zhang, D -- Estill, S J -- Michnoff, C -- Rutter, J -- Reick, M -- Scott, K -- Diaz-Arrastia, R -- McKnight, S L -- AG12297/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG16450/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- NS01763/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jun 23;288(5474):2226-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10864874" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Avoidance Learning ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; Behavior, Animal ; Brain/metabolism/*physiology ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Cues ; Fear ; Gene Targeting ; Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs ; Learning/*physiology ; Limbic System/metabolism/physiology ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Mice ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; Prosencephalon/metabolism/physiology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Touch ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; Transcriptional Activation ; Transfection ; beta-Galactosidase/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2001-07-07
    Description: Neuronal PAS domain protein 2 (NPAS2) is a transcription factor expressed primarily in the mammalian forebrain. NPAS2 is highly related in primary amino acid sequence to Clock, a transcription factor expressed in the suprachiasmatic nucleus that heterodimerizes with BMAL1 and regulates circadian rhythm. To investigate the biological role of NPAS2, we prepared a neuroblastoma cell line capable of conditional induction of the NPAS2:BMAL1 heterodimer and identified putative target genes by representational difference analysis, DNA microarrays, and Northern blotting. Coinduction of NPAS2 and BMAL1 activated transcription of the endogenous Per1, Per2, and Cry1 genes, which encode negatively activating components of the circadian regulatory apparatus, and repressed transcription of the endogenous BMAL1 gene. Analysis of the frontal cortex of wild-type mice kept in a 24-hour light-dark cycle revealed that Per1, Per2, and Cry1 mRNA levels were elevated during darkness and reduced during light, whereas BMAL1 mRNA displayed the opposite pattern. In situ hybridization assays of mice kept in constant darkness revealed that Per2 mRNA abundance did not oscillate as a function of the circadian cycle in NPAS2-deficient mice. Thus, NPAS2 likely functions as part of a molecular clock operative in the mammalian forebrain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reick, M -- Garcia, J A -- Dudley, C -- McKnight, S L -- 1RO1MH59388/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 20;293(5529):506-9. Epub 2001 Jul 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11441147" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ARNTL Transcription Factors ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; Biological Clocks/*physiology ; Blotting, Northern ; CLOCK Proteins ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Cell Line ; Circadian Rhythm/*physiology ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cryptochromes ; Darkness ; Dimerization ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Ecdysterone/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; *Eye Proteins ; Flavoproteins/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Light ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Period Circadian Proteins ; *Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate ; Prosencephalon/*metabolism ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; Trans-Activators/chemistry/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1994-07-01
    Print ISSN: 1155-4339
    Electronic ISSN: 1764-7177
    Topics: Physics
    Published by EDP Sciences
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