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  • 1
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-08-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bascompte, Jordi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Aug 13;329(5993):765-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1194255.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Integrative Ecology Group, Estacion Biologica de Donana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Americo Vespucio s/n, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain. bascompte@ebd.csic.es〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20705836" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Food Chain ; Insects/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; *Plant Physiological Phenomena ; Pollination ; *Symbiosis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-03-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clutton-Brock, Tim -- Sheldon, Ben C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Mar 5;327(5970):1207-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1187796.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. thcb@cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20203037" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Interdisciplinary Communication ; Male ; *Mammals/physiology ; Pan troglodytes/physiology ; *Primates/physiology ; Reproduction ; *Research ; Research Support as Topic ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-01-23
    Description: Forests both take up CO2 and enhance absorption of solar radiation, with contrasting effects on global temperature. Based on a 9-year study in the forests' dry timberline, we show that substantial carbon sequestration (cooling effect) is maintained in the large dry transition zone (precipitation from 200 to 600 millimeters) by shifts in peak photosynthetic activities from summer to early spring, and this is counteracted by longwave radiation (L) suppression (warming effect), doubling the forestation shortwave (S) albedo effect. Several decades of carbon accumulation are required to balance the twofold S + L effect. Desertification over the past several decades, however, contributed negative forcing at Earth's surface equivalent to approximately 20% of the global anthropogenic CO2 effect over the same period, moderating warming trends.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rotenberg, Eyal -- Yakir, Dan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 22;327(5964):451-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1179998.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Environmental Sciences and Energy Research, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20093470" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carbon/*metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; *Climatic Processes ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Geography ; Israel ; Photosynthesis ; Seasons ; Temperature ; *Trees/growth & development/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2010-03-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bawa, Kamaljit S -- Koh, Lian Pin -- Lee, Tien Ming -- Liu, Jianguo -- Ramakrishnan, P S -- Yu, Douglas W -- Zhang, Ya-ping -- Raven, Peter H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Mar 19;327(5972):1457, 1459. doi: 10.1126/science.1185164.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20299578" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; China ; *Climate Change ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; India ; *International Cooperation ; Politics ; Trees ; Water
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-06-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 18;328(5985):1506. doi: 10.1126/science.328.5985.1506.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20558704" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; *Ecosystem ; Pacific Ocean ; Particle Size ; Particulate Matter ; *Plastics/toxicity ; *Seawater ; Water Movements ; *Water Pollution ; Zooplankton
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2010-12-15
    Description: Many oomycete and fungal plant pathogens are obligate biotrophs, which extract nutrients only from living plant tissue and cannot grow apart from their hosts. Although these pathogens cause substantial crop losses, little is known about the molecular basis or evolution of obligate biotrophy. Here, we report the genome sequence of the oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa), an obligate biotroph and natural pathogen of Arabidopsis thaliana. In comparison with genomes of related, hemibiotrophic Phytophthora species, the Hpa genome exhibits dramatic reductions in genes encoding (i) RXLR effectors and other secreted pathogenicity proteins, (ii) enzymes for assimilation of inorganic nitrogen and sulfur, and (iii) proteins associated with zoospore formation and motility. These attributes comprise a genomic signature of evolution toward obligate biotrophy.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3971456/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3971456/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baxter, Laura -- Tripathy, Sucheta -- Ishaque, Naveed -- Boot, Nico -- Cabral, Adriana -- Kemen, Eric -- Thines, Marco -- Ah-Fong, Audrey -- Anderson, Ryan -- Badejoko, Wole -- Bittner-Eddy, Peter -- Boore, Jeffrey L -- Chibucos, Marcus C -- Coates, Mary -- Dehal, Paramvir -- Delehaunty, Kim -- Dong, Suomeng -- Downton, Polly -- Dumas, Bernard -- Fabro, Georgina -- Fronick, Catrina -- Fuerstenberg, Susan I -- Fulton, Lucinda -- Gaulin, Elodie -- Govers, Francine -- Hughes, Linda -- Humphray, Sean -- Jiang, Rays H Y -- Judelson, Howard -- Kamoun, Sophien -- Kyung, Kim -- Meijer, Harold -- Minx, Patrick -- Morris, Paul -- Nelson, Joanne -- Phuntumart, Vipa -- Qutob, Dinah -- Rehmany, Anne -- Rougon-Cardoso, Alejandra -- Ryden, Peter -- Torto-Alalibo, Trudy -- Studholme, David -- Wang, Yuanchao -- Win, Joe -- Wood, Jo -- Clifton, Sandra W -- Rogers, Jane -- Van den Ackerveken, Guido -- Jones, Jonathan D G -- McDowell, John M -- Beynon, Jim -- Tyler, Brett M -- 079643/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- BB/C509123/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/E007120/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/E024815/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/E024882/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/F0161901/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/G015244/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- EP/F500025/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- T12144/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 10;330(6010):1549-51. doi: 10.1126/science.1195203.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Life Sciences, Warwick University, Wellesbourne, CV35 9EF, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21148394" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Arabidopsis/*parasitology ; Enzymes/genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Dosage ; Genes ; *Genome ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oomycetes/*genetics/*growth & development/pathogenicity/physiology ; Phytophthora/genetics ; Plant Diseases/*parasitology ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Proteins/genetics ; Selection, Genetic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Spores/physiology ; Synteny ; Virulence Factors/genetics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2010-05-22
    Description: Cell surface receptors convert extracellular cues into receptor activation, thereby triggering intracellular signaling networks and controlling cellular decisions. A major unresolved issue is the identification of receptor properties that critically determine processing of ligand-encoded information. We show by mathematical modeling of quantitative data and experimental validation that rapid ligand depletion and replenishment of the cell surface receptor are characteristic features of the erythropoietin (Epo) receptor (EpoR). The amount of Epo-EpoR complexes and EpoR activation integrated over time corresponds linearly to ligand input; this process is carried out over a broad range of ligand concentrations. This relation depends solely on EpoR turnover independent of ligand binding, which suggests an essential role of large intracellular receptor pools. These receptor properties enable the system to cope with basal and acute demand in the hematopoietic system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Becker, Verena -- Schilling, Marcel -- Bachmann, Julie -- Baumann, Ute -- Raue, Andreas -- Maiwald, Thomas -- Timmer, Jens -- Klingmuller, Ursula -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 11;328(5984):1404-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1184913. Epub 2010 May 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20488988" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/*metabolism ; Computer Simulation ; Endocytosis ; Epoetin Alfa ; Erythropoietin/metabolism/pharmacology ; Kinetics ; Ligands ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Protein Binding ; Receptors, Erythropoietin/*metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins ; Signal Transduction
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2010-09-11
    Description: Fungal degradation of plant biomass may provide insights for improving cellulosic biofuel production. We show that the model cellulolytic fungus Neurospora crassa relies on a high-affinity cellodextrin transport system for rapid growth on cellulose. Reconstitution of the N. crassa cellodextrin transport system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae promotes efficient growth of this yeast on cellodextrins. In simultaneous saccharification and fermentation experiments, the engineered yeast strains more rapidly convert cellulose to ethanol when compared with yeast lacking this system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Galazka, Jonathan M -- Tian, Chaoguang -- Beeson, William T -- Martinez, Bruno -- Glass, N Louise -- Cate, Jamie H D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Oct 1;330(6000):84-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1192838. Epub 2010 Sep 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20829451" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biofuels ; Biological Transport ; Biomass ; Cellobiose/metabolism ; Cellulase/metabolism ; Cellulose/*analogs & derivatives/*metabolism ; Dextrins/*metabolism ; Ethanol/metabolism ; Fermentation ; Fungal Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Genetic Engineering ; Kinetics ; Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Neurospora crassa/genetics/growth & development/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/growth & development/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism ; beta-Glucosidase/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2010-07-10
    Description: Self-organization of nanoparticles is an efficient strategy for producing nanostructures with complex, hierarchical architectures. The past decade has witnessed great progress in nanoparticle self-assembly, yet the quantitative prediction of the architecture of nanoparticle ensembles and of the kinetics of their formation remains a challenge. We report on the marked similarity between the self-assembly of metal nanoparticles and reaction-controlled step-growth polymerization. The nanoparticles act as multifunctional monomer units, which form reversible, noncovalent bonds at specific bond angles and organize themselves into a colloidal polymer. We show that the kinetics and statistics of step-growth polymerization enable a quantitative prediction of the architecture of linear, branched, and cyclic self-assembled nanostructures; their aggregation numbers and size distribution; and the formation of structural isomers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Kun -- Nie, Zhihong -- Zhao, Nana -- Li, Wei -- Rubinstein, Michael -- Kumacheva, Eugenia -- 1-R01-HL077546-03A2/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 9;329(5988):197-200. doi: 10.1126/science.1189457.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20616274" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cetrimonium Compounds/chemistry ; Colloids ; Cyclization ; Gold ; Isomerism ; Kinetics ; Metal Nanoparticles/*chemistry ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Nanotechnology/methods ; Physicochemical Processes ; Polymers ; Polystyrenes/chemistry
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2010-10-16
    Description: Food chain length (FCL) is a fundamental component of food web structure. Studies in a variety of ecosystems suggest that FCL is determined by energy supply, environmental stability, and/or ecosystem size, but the nature of the relationship between environmental stability and FCL, and the mechanism linking ecosystem size to FCL, remain unclear. Here we show that FCL increases with drainage area and decreases with hydrologic variability and intermittency across 36 North American rivers. Our analysis further suggests that hydrologic variability is the mechanism underlying the correlation between ecosystem size and FCL in rivers. Ecosystem size lengthens river food chains by integrating and attenuating discharge variation through stream networks, thereby enhancing environmental stability in larger river systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sabo, John L -- Finlay, Jacques C -- Kennedy, Theodore -- Post, David M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Nov 12;330(6006):965-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1196005. Epub 2010 Oct 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Faculty of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Post Office Box 874501, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA. John.L.Sabo@asu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20947729" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fishes ; *Food Chain ; Invertebrates ; North America ; *Rivers ; Water Cycle ; Water Movements
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-03-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, Dennis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Mar 26;327(5973):1568-70. doi: 10.1126/science.327.5973.1568.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20339043" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Financing, Government ; Republic of Korea ; *Rivers ; Water Movements ; *Wetlands
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2010-10-23
    Description: The biosphere is the major source and sink of nonmethane volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere. Gas-phase chemical reactions initiate the removal of these compounds from the atmosphere, which ultimately proceeds via deposition at the surface or direct oxidation to carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide. We performed ecosystem-scale flux measurements that show that the removal of oxygenated VOC via dry deposition is substantially larger than is currently assumed for deciduous ecosystems. Laboratory experiments indicate efficient enzymatic conversion and potential up-regulation of various stress-related genes, leading to enhanced uptake rates as a response to ozone and methyl vinyl ketone exposure or mechanical wounding. A revised scheme for the uptake of oxygenated VOCs, incorporated into a global chemistry-transport model, predicts appreciable regional changes in annual dry deposition fluxes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Karl, T -- Harley, P -- Emmons, L -- Thornton, B -- Guenther, A -- Basu, C -- Turnipseed, A -- Jardine, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Nov 5;330(6005):816-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1192534. Epub 2010 Oct 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80301, USA. tomkarl@ucar.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20966216" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere/*chemistry ; *Ecosystem ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Plant Leaves/*metabolism ; Plants/genetics/*metabolism ; Populus/genetics/metabolism ; Stress, Physiological ; Trees/*metabolism ; Tropical Climate ; Up-Regulation ; Volatile Organic Compounds/*analysis/*metabolism
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  • 13
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-02-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schulze, E Detlef -- Schulze, Inge -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Feb 19;327(5968):957. doi: 10.1126/science.327.5968.957-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20167771" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; Climate Change ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/economics ; *Ecosystem ; *Forestry/economics ; Germany ; *Trees/growth & development ; Wood
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  • 14
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-09-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sauvageau, Guy -- Humphries, R Keith -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 10;329(5997):1291-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1195173.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Genetics of Stem Cells Laboratory, Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada. guy.sauvageau@umontreal.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20829472" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD34/analysis ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Fetal Blood/cytology ; *Hematopoiesis ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*cytology/*drug effects/physiology ; Humans ; Mice ; Purines/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Small Molecule Libraries ; Species Specificity
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  • 15
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-08-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhatia, Mickie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Aug 27;329(5995):1024-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1194919.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada. mbhatia@mcmaster.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20798306" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Culture Techniques/*methods ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cells, Cultured ; Elasticity ; Humans ; Hydrogels ; Mice ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/*cytology/physiology ; Myoblasts, Skeletal/cytology/physiology ; Regeneration ; Stem Cell Niche/*physiology ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stem Cells/*physiology
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2010-09-18
    Description: Proliferating cells, including cancer cells, require altered metabolism to efficiently incorporate nutrients such as glucose into biomass. The M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase (PKM2) promotes the metabolism of glucose by aerobic glycolysis and contributes to anabolic metabolism. Paradoxically, decreased pyruvate kinase enzyme activity accompanies the expression of PKM2 in rapidly dividing cancer cells and tissues. We demonstrate that phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), the substrate for pyruvate kinase in cells, can act as a phosphate donor in mammalian cells because PEP participates in the phosphorylation of the glycolytic enzyme phosphoglycerate mutase (PGAM1) in PKM2-expressing cells. We used mass spectrometry to show that the phosphate from PEP is transferred to the catalytic histidine (His11) on human PGAM1. This reaction occurred at physiological concentrations of PEP and produced pyruvate in the absence of PKM2 activity. The presence of histidine-phosphorylated PGAM1 correlated with the expression of PKM2 in cancer cell lines and tumor tissues. Thus, decreased pyruvate kinase activity in PKM2-expressing cells allows PEP-dependent histidine phosphorylation of PGAM1 and may provide an alternate glycolytic pathway that decouples adenosine triphosphate production from PEP-mediated phosphotransfer, allowing for the high rate of glycolysis to support the anabolic metabolism observed in many proliferating cells.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3030121/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3030121/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vander Heiden, Matthew G -- Locasale, Jason W -- Swanson, Kenneth D -- Sharfi, Hadar -- Heffron, Greg J -- Amador-Noguez, Daniel -- Christofk, Heather R -- Wagner, Gerhard -- Rabinowitz, Joshua D -- Asara, John M -- Cantley, Lewis C -- 1K08CA136983/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- 1P01CA120964-01A/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- 5 T32 CA009361-28/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- 5P30CA006516-43/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K08 CA136983/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K08 CA136983-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA089021/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA089021-10/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA120964/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA120964-01A1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM047467/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM047467-20/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01CA089021/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01GM047467/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA006516/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA006516-43S1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI078063/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM056203/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM56302/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R21 CA128620/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R21/R33 DK070299/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R33 DK070299/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R33 DK070299-03/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA009172/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA009361/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA009361-28/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 17;329(5998):1492-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1188015.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20847263" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; *Cell Proliferation ; Female ; Glucose/*metabolism ; Glyceric Acids/metabolism ; *Glycolysis ; Histidine/metabolism ; Humans ; Isoenzymes/metabolism ; Kinetics ; Male ; Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/metabolism ; Mice ; Neoplasms/*metabolism/pathology ; Phosphoenolpyruvate/metabolism ; Phosphoglycerate Mutase/*metabolism ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism ; Pyruvate Kinase/*metabolism ; Pyruvic Acid/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
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  • 17
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-09-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, Charles R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 3;329(5996):1156-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1194924.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. crmarshall@berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20813942" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; *Databases, Factual ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; *Fossils ; Geography ; *Invertebrates ; Marine Biology ; Oceans and Seas ; *Paleontology ; Population Dynamics ; Time
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 18
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-06-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kerr, Richard A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 18;328(5985):1500-1. doi: 10.1126/science.328.5985.1500.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20558701" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthozoa/physiology ; Bicarbonates/analysis/chemistry ; Calcification, Physiologic ; Calcium Carbonate/chemistry ; Carbon Dioxide/chemistry ; *Ecosystem ; Foraminifera/physiology ; Human Activities ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Oceans and Seas ; Seawater/*chemistry
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2010-07-22
    Description: Astrocytes provide structural and metabolic support for neuronal networks, but direct evidence demonstrating their active role in complex behaviors is limited. Central respiratory chemosensitivity is an essential mechanism that, via regulation of breathing, maintains constant levels of blood and brain pH and partial pressure of CO2. We found that astrocytes of the brainstem chemoreceptor areas are highly chemosensitive. They responded to physiological decreases in pH with vigorous elevations in intracellular Ca2+ and release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP propagated astrocytic Ca2+ excitation, activated chemoreceptor neurons, and induced adaptive increases in breathing. Mimicking pH-evoked Ca2+ responses by means of optogenetic stimulation of astrocytes expressing channelrhodopsin-2 activated chemoreceptor neurons via an ATP-dependent mechanism and triggered robust respiratory responses in vivo. This demonstrates a potentially crucial role for brain glial cells in mediating a fundamental physiological reflex.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3160742/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3160742/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gourine, Alexander V -- Kasymov, Vitaliy -- Marina, Nephtali -- Tang, Feige -- Figueiredo, Melina F -- Lane, Samantha -- Teschemacher, Anja G -- Spyer, K Michael -- Deisseroth, Karl -- Kasparov, Sergey -- 079040/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- PG/09/064/27886/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom -- British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 30;329(5991):571-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1190721. Epub 2010 Jul 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neuroscience, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK. a.gourine@ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20647426" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/*metabolism ; Animals ; Astrocytes/*physiology ; Brain Stem/cytology/*physiology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis/blood ; Cells, Cultured ; Chemoreceptor Cells/*physiology ; Exocytosis ; Gap Junctions/metabolism ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; In Vitro Techniques ; Light ; Medulla Oblongata/cytology/*physiology ; Membrane Potentials ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Purinergic P2/metabolism ; *Respiration ; Rhodopsin/genetics/metabolism
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  • 20
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-04-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, Eliot -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Apr 9;328(5975):153. doi: 10.1126/science.328.5975.153.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20378781" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Genes ; *Genes, BRCA1 ; *Genes, BRCA2 ; Humans ; New York ; Patents as Topic/*legislation & jurisprudence ; United States
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  • 21
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-07-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vince, Gaia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 23;329(5990):382-5. doi: 10.1126/science.329.5990.382.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20651130" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chile ; *Ecosystem ; *Electricity ; *Environment ; *Power Plants ; *Rivers ; Trees
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  • 22
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-04-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bohannon, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Apr 2;328(5974):23-5. doi: 10.1126/science.328.5974.23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20360072" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Commerce/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Ecosystem ; Endangered Species ; Madagascar ; *Trees ; Wood
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2010-08-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Machlis, Gary E -- McNutt, Marcia K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Aug 27;329(5995):1018-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1195382.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Strategic Sciences Working Group, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, DC 20024, USA. gary_machlis@nps.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20798302" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Accidents ; Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Decision Making ; *Disasters ; *Ecosystem ; Environmental Pollution ; Fisheries ; Forecasting ; Interdisciplinary Communication ; *Petroleum ; Planning Techniques ; Public Policy ; United States ; United States Government Agencies ; Wetlands
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  • 24
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-01-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schimel, David S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 22;327(5964):418-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1184946.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Ecological Observatory, Inc., 5340 Airport Boulevard, Boulder, CO 80301, USA. dschimel@naeoninc.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20093461" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carbon/*metabolism ; Climate Change ; *Climatic Processes ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Geography ; Israel ; Photosynthesis ; Seasons ; Temperature ; *Trees/growth & development/metabolism
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2010-01-30
    Description: In addition to their pivotal role in thrombosis and wound repair, platelets participate in inflammatory responses. We investigated the role of platelets in the autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis. We identified platelet microparticles--submicrometer vesicles elaborated by activated platelets--in joint fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other forms of inflammatory arthritis, but not in joint fluid from patients with osteoarthritis. Platelet microparticles were proinflammatory, eliciting cytokine responses from synovial fibroblasts via interleukin-1. Consistent with these findings, depletion of platelets attenuated murine inflammatory arthritis. Using both pharmacologic and genetic approaches, we identified the collagen receptor glycoprotein VI as a key trigger for platelet microparticle generation in arthritis pathophysiology. Thus, these findings demonstrate a previously unappreciated role for platelets and their activation-induced microparticles in inflammatory joint diseases.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2927861/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2927861/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boilard, Eric -- Nigrovic, Peter A -- Larabee, Katherine -- Watts, Gerald F M -- Coblyn, Jonathan S -- Weinblatt, Michael E -- Massarotti, Elena M -- Remold-O'Donnell, Eileen -- Farndale, Richard W -- Ware, Jerry -- Lee, David M -- G0500707/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- HL091269/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL50545/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K08AR051321/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI065858/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL050545/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL050545-16/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL050545-18/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R21 HL091269/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R21 HL091269-01A2/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- RG/09/003/27122/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom -- British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 29;327(5965):580-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1181928.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20110505" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arthritis/blood/immunology ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/*blood/*immunology/physiopathology ; Blood Platelets/cytology/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Cell-Derived Microparticles/metabolism/*physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Collagen/*metabolism ; Cytokines/*metabolism ; Extracellular Matrix/metabolism ; Fibroblasts/immunology/metabolism ; Humans ; Interleukin-1/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Platelet Activation ; Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Receptors, Collagen/metabolism ; Synovial Fluid/cytology/*immunology ; Synovial Membrane/cytology/immunology
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2010-06-26
    Description: The factors determining species commonness and rarity are poorly understood, particularly in highly diverse communities. Theory predicts that interactions with neighbors of the same (conspecific) and other (heterospecific) species can influence a species' relative abundance, but empirical tests are lacking. By using a hierarchical model of survival for more than 30,000 seedlings of 180 tropical tree species on Barro Colorado Island, Panama, we tested whether species' sensitivity to neighboring individuals relates to their relative abundance in the community. We found wide variation among species in the effect of conspecific, but not heterospecific, neighbors on survival, and we found a significant relationship between the strength of conspecific neighbor effects and species abundance. Specifically, rare species suffered more from the presence of conspecific neighbors than common species did, suggesting that conspecific density dependence shapes species abundances in diverse communities.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Comita, Liza S -- Muller-Landau, Helene C -- Aguilar, Salomon -- Hubbell, Stephen P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 16;329(5989):330-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1190772. Epub 2010 Jun 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, 735 State Street, Suite 300, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, USA. comita@nceas.ucsb.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20576853" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bayes Theorem ; *Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Panama ; Population Density ; Seedlings/growth & development ; Species Specificity ; *Trees/growth & development ; *Tropical Climate
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2010-07-22
    Description: Since the collapse of the pelagic fisheries off southwest Africa in the late 1960s, jellyfish biomass has increased and the structure of the Benguelan fish community has shifted, making the bearded goby (Sufflogobius bibarbatus) the new predominant prey species. Despite increased predation pressure and a harsh environment, the gobies are thriving. Here we show that physiological adaptations and antipredator and foraging behaviors underpin the success of these fish. In particular, body-tissue isotope signatures reveal that gobies consume jellyfish and sulphidic diatomaceous mud, transferring "dead-end" resources back into the food chain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Utne-Palm, Anne C -- Salvanes, Anne G V -- Currie, Bronwen -- Kaartvedt, Stein -- Nilsson, Goran E -- Braithwaite, Victoria A -- Stecyk, Jonathan A W -- Hundt, Matthias -- van der Bank, Megan -- Flynn, Bradley -- Sandvik, Guro K -- Klevjer, Thor A -- Sweetman, Andrew K -- Bruchert, Volker -- Pittman, Karin -- Peard, Kathleen R -- Lunde, Ida G -- Strandabo, Ronnaug A U -- Gibbons, Mark J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 16;329(5989):333-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1190708.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. anne.palm@bio.uib.no〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20647468" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Anaerobiosis ; Animals ; Bacteria ; Behavior, Animal ; Biomass ; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena ; Digestion ; *Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior ; Fisheries ; Fishes/physiology ; *Food Chain ; Geologic Sediments/microbiology ; Hydrogen Sulfide/analysis ; Namibia ; Oxygen/analysis ; Oxygen Consumption ; Perciformes/*physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Predatory Behavior ; *Scyphozoa ; Seawater/chemistry
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  • 28
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-01-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gilg, Olivier -- Yoccoz, Nigel G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 15;327(5963):276-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1184964.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. olivier.gilg@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20075236" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Migration ; Animals ; Arctic Regions ; Birds/*physiology ; *Ecosystem ; *Nesting Behavior ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; *Predatory Behavior
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2010-12-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blight, Louise K -- Ainley, David G -- Ackley, Stephen F -- Ballard, Grant -- Ballerini, Tosca -- Brownell, Robert L Jr -- Cheng, C-H Christina -- Chiantore, Mariachiara -- Costa, Daniel -- Coulter, Malcolm C -- Dayton, Paul -- Devries, Arthur L -- Dunbar, Robert -- Earle, Sylvia -- Eastman, Joseph T -- Emslie, Steven D -- Evans, Clive W -- Garrott, Robert A -- Kim, Stacy -- Kooyman, Gerald -- Lescroel, Amelie -- Lizotte, Michael -- Massaro, Melanie -- Olmastroni, Silvia -- Ponganis, Paul J -- Russell, Joellen -- Siniff, Donald B -- Smith, Walker O Jr -- Stewart, Brent S -- Stirling, Ian -- Willis, Jay -- Wilson, Peter -- Woehler, Eric J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 3;330(6009):1316. doi: 10.1126/science.330.6009.1316.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21127229" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antarctic Regions ; *Bass ; Certification ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries/*standards
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2010-07-22
    Description: Stem cells that naturally reside in adult tissues, such as muscle stem cells (MuSCs), exhibit robust regenerative capacity in vivo that is rapidly lost in culture. Using a bioengineered substrate to recapitulate key biophysical and biochemical niche features in conjunction with a highly automated single-cell tracking algorithm, we show that substrate elasticity is a potent regulator of MuSC fate in culture. Unlike MuSCs on rigid plastic dishes (approximately 10(6) kilopascals), MuSCs cultured on soft hydrogel substrates that mimic the elasticity of muscle (12 kilopascals) self-renew in vitro and contribute extensively to muscle regeneration when subsequently transplanted into mice and assayed histologically and quantitatively by noninvasive bioluminescence imaging. Our studies provide novel evidence that by recapitulating physiological tissue rigidity, propagation of adult muscle stem cells is possible, enabling future cell-based therapies for muscle-wasting diseases.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2929271/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2929271/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gilbert, P M -- Havenstrite, K L -- Magnusson, K E G -- Sacco, A -- Leonardi, N A -- Kraft, P -- Nguyen, N K -- Thrun, S -- Lutolf, M P -- Blau, H M -- 2 T32 HD007249/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- 52005886/Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- AG009521/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG020961/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- CA09151/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HL096113/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG009521/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG009521-25/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG020961/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG020961-06A2/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG020961-07/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL096113/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL096113-03/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA009151/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA009151-35/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 HD007249/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- T32 HD007249-25/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL100397/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL100397-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Aug 27;329(5995):1078-81. doi: 10.1126/science.1191035. Epub 2010 Jul 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20647425" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Animals ; Cell Count ; Cell Culture Techniques/*methods ; Cell Death ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Separation ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Elastic Modulus ; Hydrogels ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred NOD ; Mice, SCID ; Mice, Transgenic ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/*cytology/physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal/*cytology ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Regeneration ; Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle/cytology ; Stem Cell Niche/*physiology ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stem Cells/cytology/*physiology
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  • 31
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-11-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malakoff, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Nov 12;330(6006):910-1. doi: 10.1126/science.330.6006.910.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21071645" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acid Rain/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Air Pollution/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Fishes ; *Fresh Water/chemistry/microbiology ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Sulfur ; United States
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2010-05-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kerr, Richard A -- Kintisch, Eli -- Schenkman, Lauren -- Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 May 21;328(5981):962-3. doi: 10.1126/science.328.5981.962.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20489000" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Accidents ; Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; *Disasters ; *Ecosystem ; Environmental Monitoring ; *Environmental Pollution ; Fisheries ; Food Chain ; *Petroleum ; Plants ; Wetlands
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2010-10-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kerr, Richard A -- Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Oct 15;330(6002):302-3. doi: 10.1126/science.330.6002.302.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20947731" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Advisory Committees ; *Ecosystem ; *Environmental Pollution ; *Information Dissemination ; *Petroleum ; United States ; United States Government Agencies
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 34
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-06-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peh, Kelvin S-H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 4;328(5983):1228-9. doi: 10.1126/science.328.5983.1228-d.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20522756" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; China ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; India ; *International Cooperation ; Military Personnel
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2010-03-27
    Description: Shelterin is an essential telomeric protein complex that prevents DNA damage signaling and DNA repair at mammalian chromosome ends. Here we report on the role of the TRF2-interacting factor Rap1, a conserved shelterin subunit of unknown function. We removed Rap1 from mouse telomeres either through gene deletion or by replacing TRF2 with a mutant that does not bind Rap1. Rap1 was dispensable for the essential functions of TRF2--repression of ATM kinase signaling and nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ)--and mice lacking telomeric Rap1 were viable and fertile. However, Rap1 was critical for the repression of homology-directed repair (HDR), which can alter telomere length. The data reveal that HDR at telomeres can take place in the absence of DNA damage foci and underscore the functional compartmentalization within shelterin.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2864730/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2864730/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sfeir, Agnel -- Kabir, Shaheen -- van Overbeek, Megan -- Celli, Giulia B -- de Lange, Titia -- AG016642/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- GM049046/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG016642/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG016642-01/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG016642-02/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG016642-03/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG016642-04/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG016642-05/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG016642-06/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG016642-07/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG016642-08/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG016642-09/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG016642-10/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG016642-11/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM049046/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM049046-07/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM049046-08/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM049046-09/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM049046-10/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM049046-11/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM049046-12/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM049046/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM049046-13/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM049046-14/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM049046-15/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM049046-16/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM049046-17/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Mar 26;327(5973):1657-61. doi: 10.1126/science.1185100.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20339076" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Checkpoint Kinase 2 ; *DNA Damage ; *DNA Repair ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Gene Deletion ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Recombination, Genetic ; Signal Transduction ; Sister Chromatid Exchange ; Telomere/*genetics/metabolism ; Telomere-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Telomeric Repeat Binding Protein 2/genetics/metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2010-12-15
    Description: Alzheimer's disease is hypothesized to be caused by an imbalance between beta-amyloid (Abeta) production and clearance that leads to Abeta accumulation in the central nervous system (CNS). Abeta production and clearance are key targets in the development of disease-modifying therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease. However, there has not been direct evidence of altered Abeta production or clearance in Alzheimer's disease. By using metabolic labeling, we measured Abeta42 and Abeta40 production and clearance rates in the CNS of participants with Alzheimer's disease and cognitively normal controls. Clearance rates for both Abeta42 and Abeta40 were impaired in Alzheimer's disease compared with controls. On average, there were no differences in Abeta40 or Abeta42 production rates. Thus, the common late-onset form of Alzheimer's disease is characterized by an overall impairment in Abeta clearance.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3073454/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3073454/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mawuenyega, Kwasi G -- Sigurdson, Wendy -- Ovod, Vitaliy -- Munsell, Ling -- Kasten, Tom -- Morris, John C -- Yarasheski, Kevin E -- Bateman, Randall J -- K08 AG027091/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- K08 AG027091-03/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- K23 AG030946/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- K23 AG030946-04/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG003991/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG003991-28/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG03991/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK056341/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK056341-10/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P41 GM103422/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41 RR000954/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P41 RR000954-34/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P50 AG005681/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P50 AG005681-28/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P50 AG05681/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P60 DK020579/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P60 DK020579-31/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS065667/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS065667-03/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR024992/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR024992-05/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 24;330(6012):1774. doi: 10.1126/science.1197623. Epub 2010 Dec 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21148344" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alzheimer Disease/cerebrospinal fluid/*metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/cerebrospinal fluid/*metabolism ; Brain/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peptide Fragments/cerebrospinal fluid/*metabolism
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2010-08-28
    Description: Presynaptic nerve terminals release neurotransmitters repeatedly, often at high frequency, and in relative isolation from neuronal cell bodies. Repeated release requires cycles of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE)-complex assembly and disassembly, with continuous generation of reactive SNARE-protein intermediates. Although many forms of neurodegeneration initiate presynaptically, only few pathogenic mechanisms are known, and the functions of presynaptic proteins linked to neurodegeneration, such as alpha-synuclein, remain unclear. Here, we show that maintenance of continuous presynaptic SNARE-complex assembly required a nonclassical chaperone activity mediated by synucleins. Specifically, alpha-synuclein directly bound to the SNARE-protein synaptobrevin-2/vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2) and promoted SNARE-complex assembly. Moreover, triple-knockout mice lacking synucleins developed age-dependent neurological impairments, exhibited decreased SNARE-complex assembly, and died prematurely. Thus, synucleins may function to sustain normal SNARE-complex assembly in a presynaptic terminal during aging.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3235365/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3235365/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burre, Jacqueline -- Sharma, Manu -- Tsetsenis, Theodoros -- Buchman, Vladimir -- Etherton, Mark R -- Sudhof, Thomas C -- 075615/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 24;329(5999):1663-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1195227. Epub 2010 Aug 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, 1050 Arastradero Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304-5543, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20798282" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; HSP40 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism ; Humans ; Membrane Fusion ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Nerve Degeneration/*metabolism ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Presynaptic Terminals/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; SNARE Proteins/*metabolism ; Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein 2/metabolism ; alpha-Synuclein/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2010-01-09
    Description: Large-scale biodiversity gradients among environments and habitats are usually attributed to a complex array of ecological and evolutionary factors. We tested the evolutionary component of such gradients by compiling the environments of the geologically oldest occurrences of marine genera and using sampling standardization to assess if originations tended to be clustered in particular environments. Shallow, tropical environments and carbonate substrates all tend to have harbored high origination rates. Diversity within these environments tended to be preferentially generated in reefs, probably because of their habitat complexity. Reefs were also prolific at exporting diversity to other environments, which might be a consequence of low-diversity habitats being more susceptible to invasions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kiessling, Wolfgang -- Simpson, Carl -- Foote, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 8;327(5962):196-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1182241.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Museum fur Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Research on Evolution and Biodiversity at the Humboldt University Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany. wolfgang.kiessling@mfn-berlin.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20056888" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthozoa ; *Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; Calcium Carbonate ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fishes ; *Fossils ; Geography ; *Invertebrates/classification
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2010-10-12
    Description: Oceanic bacteria perform many environmental functions, including biogeochemical cycling of many elements, metabolizing of greenhouse gases, functioning in oceanic food webs (microbial loop), and producing valuable natural products and viruses. We demonstrate that the widespread capability of marine bacteria to participate in horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in coastal and oceanic environments may be the result of gene transfer agents (GTAs), viral-like particles produced by alpha-Proteobacteria. We documented GTA-mediated gene transfer frequencies a thousand to a hundred million times higher than prior estimates of HGT in the oceans, with as high as 47% of the culturable natural microbial community confirmed as gene recipients. These findings suggest a plausible mechanism by which marine bacteria acquire novel traits, thus ensuring resilience in the face of environmental change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McDaniel, Lauren D -- Young, Elizabeth -- Delaney, Jennifer -- Ruhnau, Fabian -- Ritchie, Kim B -- Paul, John H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Oct 1;330(6000):50. doi: 10.1126/science.1192243.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of South Florida College of Marine Science, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA. mcdaniel@marine.usf.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20929803" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; DNA Transposable Elements ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics ; *Ecosystem ; Flavobacterium/drug effects/genetics ; Flexibacter/drug effects/genetics ; *Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; Kanamycin Resistance/genetics ; Oceans and Seas ; Prophages/genetics ; Rhodobacteraceae/drug effects/*genetics/virology ; Seawater/*microbiology ; Streptomycin/metabolism/pharmacology
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2010-02-27
    Description: A20 negatively regulates inflammation by inhibiting the nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) transcription factor in the tumor necrosis factor-receptor (TNFR) and Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways. A20 contains deubiquitinase and E3 ligase domains and thus has been proposed to function as a ubiquitin-editing enzyme downstream of TNFR1 by inactivating ubiquitinated RIP1. However, it remains unclear how A20 terminates NF-kappaB signaling downstream of TLRs. We have shown that A20 inhibited the E3 ligase activities of TRAF6, TRAF2, and cIAP1 by antagonizing interactions with the E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzymes Ubc13 and UbcH5c. A20, together with the regulatory molecule TAX1BP1, interacted with Ubc13 and UbcH5c and triggered their ubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation. These findings suggest mechanism of A20 action in the inhibition of inflammatory signaling pathways.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3025292/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3025292/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shembade, Noula -- Ma, Averil -- Harhaj, Edward W -- R01 CA135362/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA135362-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK071939/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK071939-07/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM083143/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM083143-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01CA135362/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01GM083143/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Feb 26;327(5969):1135-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1182364.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA. nshembade@med.miami.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20185725" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Cysteine Endopeptidases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Gene Products, tax/metabolism ; Inflammation/*metabolism ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Interleukin-1/immunology/metabolism ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; NF-kappa B/*metabolism ; Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes/*metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Ubiquitinated Proteins/metabolism ; Ubiquitination ; Zinc Fingers
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2010-06-05
    Description: Despite the widespread use of axially chiral, or atropisomeric, biaryl ligands in modern synthesis and the occurrence of numerous natural products exhibiting axial chirality, few catalytic methods have emerged for the direct asymmetric preparation of this compound class. Here, we present a tripeptide-derived small-molecule catalyst for the dynamic kinetic resolution of racemic biaryl substrates. The reaction proceeds via an atropisomer-selective electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction using simple bromination reagents. The result is an enantioselective synthesis that delivers chiral nonracemic biaryl compounds with excellent optical purity and good isolated chemical yields (in most cases a 〉95:5 enantiomer ratio and isolated yields of 65 to 87%). A mechanistic model is advanced that accounts for the basis of selectivity observed.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3066098/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3066098/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gustafson, Jeffrey L -- Lim, Daniel -- Miller, Scott J -- GM068649/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM068649/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM068649-10/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM068649/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 4;328(5983):1251-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1188403.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, Post Office Box 208107, New Haven, CT 06520-8107, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20522769" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biphenyl Compounds/*chemical synthesis/chemistry ; Bromine/chemistry ; Catalysis ; *Halogenation ; Kinetics ; Ligands ; Molecular Structure ; Oligopeptides/*chemistry ; Physicochemical Processes ; *Stereoisomerism ; Temperature
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2010-05-08
    Description: Clathrin-mediated endocytosis, the major pathway for ligand internalization into eukaryotic cells, is thought to be initiated by the clustering of clathrin and adaptors around receptors destined for internalization. However, here we report that the membrane-sculpting F-BAR domain-containing Fer/Cip4 homology domain-only proteins 1 and 2 (FCHo1/2) were required for plasma membrane clathrin-coated vesicle (CCV) budding and marked sites of CCV formation. Changes in FCHo1/2 expression levels correlated directly with numbers of CCV budding events, ligand endocytosis, and synaptic vesicle marker recycling. FCHo1/2 proteins bound specifically to the plasma membrane and recruited the scaffold proteins eps15 and intersectin, which in turn engaged the adaptor complex AP2. The FCHo F-BAR membrane-bending activity was required, leading to the proposal that FCHo1/2 sculpt the initial bud site and recruit the clathrin machinery for CCV formation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2883440/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2883440/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Henne, William Mike -- Boucrot, Emmanuel -- Meinecke, Michael -- Evergren, Emma -- Vallis, Yvonne -- Mittal, Rohit -- McMahon, Harvey T -- MC_U105178795/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- U.1051.02.007(78795)/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 4;328(5983):1281-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1188462. Epub 2010 May 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology (MRC-LMB), Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20448150" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Protein Complex 2/metabolism ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/metabolism ; Animals ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Clathrin/*metabolism ; Clathrin-Coated Vesicles/*metabolism ; *Endocytosis ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Neurons/cytology/metabolism ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; RNA Interference ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Synaptic Vesicles/metabolism
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2010-10-16
    Description: Neutrophils are recruited from the blood to sites of sterile inflammation, where they contribute to wound healing but may also cause tissue damage. By using spinning disk confocal intravital microscopy, we examined the kinetics and molecular mechanisms of neutrophil recruitment to sites of focal hepatic necrosis in vivo. Adenosine triphosphate released from necrotic cells activated the Nlrp3 inflammasome to generate an inflammatory microenvironment that alerted circulating neutrophils to adhere within liver sinusoids. Subsequently, generation of an intravascular chemokine gradient directed neutrophil migration through healthy tissue toward foci of damage. Lastly, formyl-peptide signals released from necrotic cells guided neutrophils through nonperfused sinusoids into the injury. Thus, dynamic in vivo imaging revealed a multistep hierarchy of directional cues that guide neutrophil localization to sites of sterile inflammation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McDonald, Braedon -- Pittman, Keir -- Menezes, Gustavo B -- Hirota, Simon A -- Slaba, Ingrid -- Waterhouse, Christopher C M -- Beck, Paul L -- Muruve, Daniel A -- Kubes, Paul -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Oct 15;330(6002):362-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1195491.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Immunology Research Group, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20947763" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Adhesion ; Chemokine CXCL2/metabolism ; Chemokines/metabolism ; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte ; Cues ; Endothelium, Vascular/physiology ; Inflammation/*immunology/metabolism/*pathology ; Kinetics ; Liver/blood supply/*immunology/metabolism/*pathology ; Liver Diseases/*immunology/metabolism/*pathology ; Macrophage-1 Antigen/physiology ; Mice ; Microscopy/methods ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Microvessels/physiology ; Necrosis ; *Neutrophil Infiltration ; Neutrophils/physiology ; Peptides/metabolism ; Receptors, Formyl Peptide/metabolism ; Receptors, Interleukin-8B/metabolism ; Receptors, Purinergic P2/metabolism ; Receptors, Purinergic P2X7 ; Signal Transduction
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  • 44
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-03-13
    Description: Hamilton's theory of inclusive fitness showed how natural selection could lead to behaviors that decrease the relative fitness of the actor and also either benefit (altruism) or harm (spite) other individuals. However, several fundamental issues in the evolution of altruism and spite have remained contentious. Here, we show how recent work has resolved three key debates, helping clarify how Hamilton's theoretical overview links to real-world examples, in organisms ranging from bacteria to humans: Is the evolution of extreme altruism, represented by the sterile workers of social insects, driven by genetics or ecology? Does spite really exist in nature? And, can altruism be favored between individuals who are not close kin but share a "greenbeard" gene for altruism?〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉West, Stuart A -- Gardner, Andy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Mar 12;327(5971):1341-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1178332.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK. stuart.west@zoo.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20223978" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; *Altruism ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Competitive Behavior ; Cooperative Behavior ; Diploidy ; Female ; Genes ; *Genetic Fitness ; Haploidy ; Humans ; Male ; Reproduction ; *Selection, Genetic ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; *Social Behavior
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  • 45
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-06-19
    Description: Climate change, rising atmospheric carbon dioxide, excess nutrient inputs, and pollution in its many forms are fundamentally altering the chemistry of the ocean, often on a global scale and, in some cases, at rates greatly exceeding those in the historical and recent geological record. Major observed trends include a shift in the acid-base chemistry of seawater, reduced subsurface oxygen both in near-shore coastal water and in the open ocean, rising coastal nitrogen levels, and widespread increase in mercury and persistent organic pollutants. Most of these perturbations, tied either directly or indirectly to human fossil fuel combustion, fertilizer use, and industrial activity, are projected to grow in coming decades, resulting in increasing negative impacts on ocean biota and marine resources.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Doney, Scott C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 18;328(5985):1512-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1185198.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. sdoney@whoi.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20558706" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atmosphere ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis ; Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; Fossil Fuels ; *Human Activities ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Industrial Waste/analysis ; Mercury/analysis ; Nitrogen/analysis ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxygen/analysis ; Photosynthesis ; *Seawater/chemistry/microbiology ; Water Pollutants/analysis
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2010-10-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Poiner, Ian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Oct 1;330(6000):25. doi: 10.1126/science.330.6000.25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20929784" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Biomass ; *Ecosystem ; Marine Biology ; Oceans and Seas
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  • 47
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-04-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Apr 23;328(5977):418-20. doi: 10.1126/science.328.5977.418.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20413469" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Access to Information ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; Climatic Processes ; Data Collection ; *Ecology/economics/instrumentation/methods/organization & administration ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; *Environmental Monitoring/instrumentation/methods ; Financing, Government ; National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/economics
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2010-11-13
    Description: Nitrogen cycling is normally thought to dominate the biogeochemistry and microbial ecology of oxygen-minimum zones in marine environments. Through a combination of molecular techniques and process rate measurements, we showed that both sulfate reduction and sulfide oxidation contribute to energy flux and elemental cycling in oxygen-free waters off the coast of northern Chile. These processes may have been overlooked because in nature, the sulfide produced by sulfate reduction immediately oxidizes back to sulfate. This cryptic sulfur cycle is linked to anammox and other nitrogen cycling processes, suggesting that it may influence biogeochemical cycling in the global ocean.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Canfield, Don E -- Stewart, Frank J -- Thamdrup, Bo -- De Brabandere, Loreto -- Dalsgaard, Tage -- Delong, Edward F -- Revsbech, Niels Peter -- Ulloa, Osvaldo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 3;330(6009):1375-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1196889. Epub 2010 Nov 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Biology and Nordic Center for Earth Evolution, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark. dec@biology.sdu.dk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21071631" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaerobiosis ; Bacteria/classification/genetics/*metabolism ; Chile ; Deltaproteobacteria/classification/genetics/metabolism ; Denitrification ; *Ecosystem ; Gammaproteobacteria/classification/genetics/metabolism ; Genes, Bacterial ; Metagenome ; Nitrates/metabolism ; Nitrites/metabolism ; Nitrogen Cycle ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/*analysis ; Pacific Ocean ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/metabolism ; Seawater/chemistry/*microbiology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sulfates/metabolism ; Sulfides/metabolism ; Sulfur/*metabolism
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2010-07-21
    Description: The Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA) 004 trial assessed the effectiveness and safety of a 1% vaginal gel formulation of tenofovir, a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor, for the prevention of HIV acquisition in women. A double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted comparing tenofovir gel (n = 445 women) with placebo gel (n = 444 women) in sexually active, HIV-uninfected 18- to 40-year-old women in urban and rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. HIV serostatus, safety, sexual behavior, and gel and condom use were assessed at monthly follow-up visits for 30 months. HIV incidence in the tenofovir gel arm was 5.6 per 100 women-years (person time of study observation) (38 out of 680.6 women-years) compared with 9.1 per 100 women-years (60 out of 660.7 women-years) in the placebo gel arm (incidence rate ratio = 0.61; P = 0.017). In high adherers (gel adherence 〉 80%), HIV incidence was 54% lower (P = 0.025) in the tenofovir gel arm. In intermediate adherers (gel adherence 50 to 80%) and low adherers (gel adherence 〈 50%), the HIV incidence reduction was 38 and 28%, respectively. Tenofovir gel reduced HIV acquisition by an estimated 39% overall, and by 54% in women with high gel adherence. No increase in the overall adverse event rates was observed. There were no changes in viral load and no tenofovir resistance in HIV seroconverters. Tenofovir gel could potentially fill an important HIV prevention gap, especially for women unable to successfully negotiate mutual monogamy or condom use.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3001187/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3001187/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abdool Karim, Quarraisha -- Abdool Karim, Salim S -- Frohlich, Janet A -- Grobler, Anneke C -- Baxter, Cheryl -- Mansoor, Leila E -- Kharsany, Ayesha B M -- Sibeko, Sengeziwe -- Mlisana, Koleka P -- Omar, Zaheen -- Gengiah, Tanuja N -- Maarschalk, Silvia -- Arulappan, Natasha -- Mlotshwa, Mukelisiwe -- Morris, Lynn -- Taylor, Douglas -- CAPRISA 004 Trial Group -- AI51794/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- D43 TW000231/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- D43 TW000231-17/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- D43TW00231/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI068619/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01AI068633/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01AI46749/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI051794/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI051794-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 3;329(5996):1168-74. doi: 10.1126/science.1193748. Epub 2010 Jul 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban 4013, South Africa. caprisa@ukzn.ac.za〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20643915" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenine/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*analogs & ; derivatives/therapeutic use ; Administration, Intravaginal ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Anti-HIV Agents/*administration & dosage/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Anti-Infective Agents, Local/administration & dosage/adverse effects/therapeutic ; use ; Double-Blind Method ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; Female ; HIV Infections/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; HIV-1/*drug effects/physiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Organophosphonates/*administration & dosage/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Patient Compliance ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Rural Population/statistics & numerical data ; Sexual Behavior ; South Africa/epidemiology ; Tenofovir ; Urban Population/statistics & numerical data ; Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies ; Viral Load ; Young Adult
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2010-07-22
    Description: Sea surface temperature (SST) across much of the tropics has increased by 0.4 degrees to 1 degrees C since the mid-1970s. A parallel increase in the frequency and extent of coral bleaching and mortality has fueled concern that climate change poses a major threat to the survival of coral reef ecosystems worldwide. Here we show that steadily rising SSTs, not ocean acidification, are already driving dramatic changes in the growth of an important reef-building coral in the central Red Sea. Three-dimensional computed tomography analyses of the massive coral Diploastrea heliopora reveal that skeletal growth of apparently healthy colonies has declined by 30% since 1998. The same corals responded to a short-lived warm event in 1941/1942, but recovered within 3 years as the ocean cooled. Combining our data with climate model simulations by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, we predict that should the current warming trend continue, this coral could cease growing altogether by 2070.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cantin, Neal E -- Cohen, Anne L -- Karnauskas, Kristopher B -- Tarrant, Ann M -- McCorkle, Daniel C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 16;329(5989):322-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1190182.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20647466" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthozoa/*growth & development ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; Eukaryota/growth & development ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Indian Ocean ; Seasons ; *Seawater ; Stress, Physiological ; Symbiosis ; *Temperature
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2010-09-04
    Description: Leukotriene A(4) hydrolase (LTA(4)H) is a proinflammatory enzyme that generates the inflammatory mediator leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)). LTA(4)H also possesses aminopeptidase activity with unknown substrate and physiological importance; we identified the neutrophil chemoattractant proline-glycine-proline (PGP) as this physiological substrate. PGP is a biomarker for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is implicated in neutrophil persistence in the lung. In acute neutrophil-driven inflammation, PGP was degraded by LTA(4)H, which facilitated the resolution of inflammation. In contrast, cigarette smoke, a major risk factor for the development of COPD, selectively inhibited LTA(4)H aminopeptidase activity, which led to the accumulation of PGP and neutrophils. These studies imply that therapeutic strategies inhibiting LTA(4)H to prevent LTB(4) generation may not reduce neutrophil recruitment because of elevated levels of PGP.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3072752/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3072752/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Snelgrove, Robert J -- Jackson, Patricia L -- Hardison, Matthew T -- Noerager, Brett D -- Kinloch, Andrew -- Gaggar, Amit -- Shastry, Suresh -- Rowe, Steven M -- Shim, Yun M -- Hussell, Tracy -- Blalock, J Edwin -- 082727/Z/07/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 1K23DK075788/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- 1R03DK084110-01/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- G0400795/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0802752/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- HL07783/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL087824/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL090999/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL102371-A1/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K08HL091127/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P171/03/C1/048/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- P30 DK079337/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30AR050948/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- P30CA13148/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 AT00477/AT/NCCIH NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL077783/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL077783-05/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL087824/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL087824-02/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL090999/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL090999-02S1/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL090999-04/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL102371/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- RR19231/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- U54CA100949/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Oct 1;330(6000):90-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1190594. Epub 2010 Sep 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. rjs198@imperial.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20813919" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Animals ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/chemistry ; Cells, Cultured ; Chemokines, CXC/metabolism ; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte ; Epoxide Hydrolases/antagonists & inhibitors/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Leukotriene B4/metabolism ; Lung/*immunology/metabolism/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neutrophils/enzymology/immunology/*physiology ; Oligopeptides/*metabolism ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology/metabolism/pathology ; Pneumococcal Infections/immunology/metabolism/pathology ; Pneumonia/*immunology/metabolism/pathology/therapy ; Proline/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/immunology/metabolism/pathology ; *Smoke ; Tobacco
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2010-07-22
    Description: The Diels-Alder reaction is a cornerstone in organic synthesis, forming two carbon-carbon bonds and up to four new stereogenic centers in one step. No naturally occurring enzymes have been shown to catalyze bimolecular Diels-Alder reactions. We describe the de novo computational design and experimental characterization of enzymes catalyzing a bimolecular Diels-Alder reaction with high stereoselectivity and substrate specificity. X-ray crystallography confirms that the structure matches the design for the most active of the enzymes, and binding site substitutions reprogram the substrate specificity. Designed stereoselective catalysts for carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions should be broadly useful in synthetic chemistry.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3241958/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3241958/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Siegel, Justin B -- Zanghellini, Alexandre -- Lovick, Helena M -- Kiss, Gert -- Lambert, Abigail R -- St Clair, Jennifer L -- Gallaher, Jasmine L -- Hilvert, Donald -- Gelb, Michael H -- Stoddard, Barry L -- Houk, Kendall N -- Michael, Forrest E -- Baker, David -- R01 GM075962/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM008268/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM008268-24/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 16;329(5989):309-13. doi: 10.1126/science.1190239.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20647463" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acrylamides/chemistry ; Algorithms ; Butadienes/chemistry ; Carbon/*chemistry ; Catalysis ; Catalytic Domain ; Computer Simulation ; *Computer-Aided Design ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Enzymes/*chemistry/genetics ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Kinetics ; Models, Molecular ; Mutagenesis ; Physicochemical Processes ; Protein Conformation ; *Protein Engineering ; Proteins/*chemistry/genetics ; Software ; Stereoisomerism ; Substrate Specificity
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 53
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-01-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 29;327(5965):519. doi: 10.1126/science.327.5965.519.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20110481" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthozoa/classification/genetics ; Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; Cnidaria/classification/genetics ; *Ecosystem ; Genes ; Genetic Speciation ; Geologic Sediments ; Phylogeny ; *Seawater
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2010-10-28
    Description: Quantitative scenarios are coming of age as a tool for evaluating the impact of future socioeconomic development pathways on biodiversity and ecosystem services. We analyze global terrestrial, freshwater, and marine biodiversity scenarios using a range of measures including extinctions, changes in species abundance, habitat loss, and distribution shifts, as well as comparing model projections to observations. Scenarios consistently indicate that biodiversity will continue to decline over the 21st century. However, the range of projected changes is much broader than most studies suggest, partly because there are major opportunities to intervene through better policies, but also because of large uncertainties in projections.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pereira, Henrique M -- Leadley, Paul W -- Proenca, Vania -- Alkemade, Rob -- Scharlemann, Jorn P W -- Fernandez-Manjarres, Juan F -- Araujo, Miguel B -- Balvanera, Patricia -- Biggs, Reinette -- Cheung, William W L -- Chini, Louise -- Cooper, H David -- Gilman, Eric L -- Guenette, Sylvie -- Hurtt, George C -- Huntington, Henry P -- Mace, Georgina M -- Oberdorff, Thierry -- Revenga, Carmen -- Rodrigues, Patricia -- Scholes, Robert J -- Sumaila, Ussif Rashid -- Walpole, Matt -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 10;330(6010):1496-501. doi: 10.1126/science.1196624. Epub 2010 Oct 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal. hpereira@fc.ul.pt〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20978282" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aquatic Organisms ; *Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; Forecasting ; Models, Biological ; Plants ; Policy ; Population Dynamics
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2010-10-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Perrings, C -- Naeem, S -- Ahrestani, F -- Bunker, D E -- Burkill, P -- Canziani, G -- Elmqvist, T -- Ferrati, R -- Fuhrman, J -- Jaksic, F -- Kawabata, Z -- Kinzig, A -- Mace, G M -- Milano, F -- Mooney, H -- Prieur-Richard, A-H -- Tschirhart, J -- Weisser, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Oct 15;330(6002):323-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1196431.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. Charles.Perrings@asu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20947748" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/trends ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Forecasting ; International Cooperation
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2010-05-08
    Description: It is now possible to perform whole-genome shotgun sequencing as well as capture of specific genomic regions for extinct organisms. However, targeted resequencing of large parts of nuclear genomes has yet to be demonstrated for ancient DNA. Here we show that hybridization capture on microarrays can successfully recover more than a megabase of target regions from Neandertal DNA even in the presence of approximately 99.8% microbial DNA. Using this approach, we have sequenced approximately 14,000 protein-coding positions inferred to have changed on the human lineage since the last common ancestor shared with chimpanzees. By generating the sequence of one Neandertal and 50 present-day humans at these positions, we have identified 88 amino acid substitutions that have become fixed in humans since our divergence from the Neandertals.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3140021/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3140021/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burbano, Hernan A -- Hodges, Emily -- Green, Richard E -- Briggs, Adrian W -- Krause, Johannes -- Meyer, Matthias -- Good, Jeffrey M -- Maricic, Tomislav -- Johnson, Philip L F -- Xuan, Zhenyu -- Rooks, Michelle -- Bhattacharjee, Arindam -- Brizuela, Leonardo -- Albert, Frank W -- de la Rasilla, Marco -- Fortea, Javier -- Rosas, Antonio -- Lachmann, Michael -- Hannon, Gregory J -- Paabo, Svante -- P01 CA013106/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA013106-38/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA013106-39/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 May 7;328(5979):723-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1188046.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20448179" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Fossils ; Genes ; *Genome ; *Genome, Human ; Hominidae/*genetics ; Humans ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis/*methods ; Pan troglodytes/genetics ; Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/*methods
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2010-07-22
    Description: The mammalian adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a serine-threonine kinase protein complex that is a central regulator of cellular energy homeostasis. However, the mechanisms by which AMPK mediates cellular responses to metabolic stress remain unclear. We found that AMPK activates transcription through direct association with chromatin and phosphorylation of histone H2B at serine 36. AMPK recruitment and H2B Ser36 phosphorylation colocalized within genes activated by AMPK-dependent pathways, both in promoters and in transcribed regions. Ectopic expression of H2B in which Ser36 was substituted by alanine reduced transcription and RNA polymerase II association to AMPK-dependent genes, and lowered cell survival in response to stress. Our results place AMPK-dependent H2B Ser36 phosphorylation in a direct transcriptional and chromatin regulatory pathway leading to cellular adaptation to stress.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3922052/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3922052/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bungard, David -- Fuerth, Benjamin J -- Zeng, Ping-Yao -- Faubert, Brandon -- Maas, Nancy L -- Viollet, Benoit -- Carling, David -- Thompson, Craig B -- Jones, Russell G -- Berger, Shelley L -- CA078831/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA09171/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA105463/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- MC_U120027537/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MOP-93799/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- P01 AG031862/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA104838/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA078831/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA105463/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 3;329(5996):1201-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1191241. Epub 2010 Jul 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Medical School, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20647423" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Adaptation, Physiological ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromatin/*metabolism ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; Enzyme Activation ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Histones/chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Phosphorylation ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; Serine/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; *Stress, Physiological ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
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  • 58
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-08-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Singh, Harinder -- Demarco, Ignacio A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Aug 20;329(5994):914-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1194316.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Discovery Immunology, Genentech, San Francisco, CA 94080, USA. singh.harinder@gene.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20724627" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Animals ; Antibody Specificity/*genetics ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromatin/metabolism ; Cytidine Deaminase/*metabolism ; Dna ; DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; DNA Modification Methylases/metabolism ; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/genetics ; Histones/metabolism ; Immunoglobulin Class Switching/genetics/*physiology ; Immunoglobulin Switch Region ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Methylation ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Recombination, Genetic ; Transcriptional Activation
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2010-02-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, Edward O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Feb 12;327(5967):775. doi: 10.1126/science.327.5967.775.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20150461" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ants ; Biology ; *Ecosystem ; *Literature, Modern
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2010-03-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wasser, Samuel -- Poole, Joyce -- Lee, Phyllis -- Lindsay, Keith -- Dobson, Andrew -- Hart, John -- Douglas-Hamilton, Iain -- Wittemyer, George -- Granli, Petter -- Morgan, Bethan -- Gunn, Jody -- Alberts, Susan -- Beyers, Rene -- Chiyo, Patrick -- Croze, Harvey -- Estes, Richard -- Gobush, Kathleen -- Joram, Ponjoli -- Kikoti, Alfred -- Kingdon, Jonathan -- King, Lucy -- Macdonald, David -- Moss, Cynthia -- Mutayoba, Benezeth -- Njumbi, Steve -- Omondi, Patrick -- Nowak, Katarzyna -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Mar 12;327(5971):1331-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1187811.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. wassers@u.washington.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20223971" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Commerce/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Crime ; *Ecosystem ; *Elephants ; *Endangered Species ; International Cooperation ; Population Dynamics ; Tanzania ; Trees ; Zambia
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-07-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Di Santo, James P -- R01 AR060723/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 2;329(5987):44-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1191664.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris F-75724, France. james.di-santo@pasteur.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20595605" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Lineage ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Gene Deletion ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Interleukin-7/physiology ; Killer Cells, Natural/cytology/immunology/*physiology ; *Lymphopoiesis/genetics ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Precursor Cells, T-Lymphoid/cytology/physiology ; Repressor Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/cytology/immunology/*physiology ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2010-06-26
    Description: Here, we describe a biomimetic microsystem that reconstitutes the critical functional alveolar-capillary interface of the human lung. This bioinspired microdevice reproduces complex integrated organ-level responses to bacteria and inflammatory cytokines introduced into the alveolar space. In nanotoxicology studies, this lung mimic revealed that cyclic mechanical strain accentuates toxic and inflammatory responses of the lung to silica nanoparticles. Mechanical strain also enhances epithelial and endothelial uptake of nanoparticulates and stimulates their transport into the underlying microvascular channel. Similar effects of physiological breathing on nanoparticle absorption are observed in whole mouse lung. Mechanically active "organ-on-a-chip" microdevices that reconstitute tissue-tissue interfaces critical to organ function may therefore expand the capabilities of cell culture models and provide low-cost alternatives to animal and clinical studies for drug screening and toxicology applications.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huh, Dongeun -- Matthews, Benjamin D -- Mammoto, Akiko -- Montoya-Zavala, Martin -- Hsin, Hong Yuan -- Ingber, Donald E -- R01-ES016665/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 25;328(5986):1662-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1188302.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20576885" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air ; Animals ; *Biomimetic Materials ; Blood-Air Barrier ; Capillaries/*physiology ; Capillary Permeability ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelial Cells/*physiology ; Escherichia coli/immunology ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Inflammation ; Lung/blood supply/physiology ; Mice ; *Microfluidic Analytical Techniques ; Microtechnology ; Nanoparticles/toxicity ; Neutrophil Infiltration ; Oxidative Stress ; Pneumocytes/*physiology ; Pulmonary Alveoli/*blood supply/cytology/immunology/*physiology ; Respiration ; Silicon Dioxide/toxicity ; Stress, Mechanical
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  • 63
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-07-31
    Description: Barton et al. (Reports, 19 March 2010, p. 1509) argued that stable conditions enable neutral coexistence of many phytoplankton species in the tropical oceans, whereas seasonal variation causes low biodiversity in subpolar oceans. However, their model prediction is not robust. A minor deviation from the neutrality assumption favors coexistence in fluctuating rather than stable environments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huisman, Jef -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 30;329(5991):512; author reply 512. doi: 10.1126/science.1189880.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Post Office Box 94248, 1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands. j.huisman@uva.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20671171" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Geography ; Models, Biological ; Oceans and Seas ; *Phytoplankton/growth & development/physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Seasons ; *Seawater
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  • 64
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-03-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Mar 26;327(5973):1574-5. doi: 10.1126/science.327.5973.1574.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20339047" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; California ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; *Fishes ; Guidelines as Topic ; Models, Biological ; Models, Economic ; Pacific Ocean ; Politics
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  • 65
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-07-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Puyravaud, Jean-Philippe -- Davidar, Priya -- Laurance, William F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 2;329(5987):32. doi: 10.1126/science.329.5987.32-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20595597" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; India ; *Trees
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2010-10-12
    Description: Marx and Uhen (Reports, 19 February 2010, p. 993) suggested that correlated diversity changes in the fossil record of whales and diatoms reflects secular evolutionary signals of underlying ecological drivers. We question the meaning of this association and outline avenues for more complete testing of correlations between productivity and marine consumers through geologic time.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pyenson, Nicholas D -- Irmis, Randall B -- Lipps, Jere H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Oct 8;330(6001):178; author reply 178. doi: 10.1126/science.1189866.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, 6270 University Boulevard, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. pyensonn@si.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20929760" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; Climate ; *Diatoms ; *Ecosystem ; Food Chain ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments ; Oceans and Seas ; *Whales
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-03-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wright, Bruce -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Mar 19;327(5972):1452. doi: 10.1126/science.327.5972.1452-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20299575" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alaska ; Animals ; *Ecosystem ; *Fisheries ; Mining ; *Salmon
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-06-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Charles, Daniel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 4;328(5983):1225. doi: 10.1126/science.328.5983.1225.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20522753" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture/economics ; Animal Husbandry ; Animals ; *Ecosystem ; *Poaceae ; Ukraine
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-01-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Greg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 29;327(5965):512-3. doi: 10.1126/science.327.5965.512.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20110475" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; California ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Endangered Species ; *Fisheries ; *Oncorhynchus kisutch/physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2010-12-15
    Description: Many plant pathogens, including those in the lineage of the Irish potato famine organism Phytophthora infestans, evolve by host jumps followed by specialization. However, how host jumps affect genome evolution remains largely unknown. To determine the patterns of sequence variation in the P. infestans lineage, we resequenced six genomes of four sister species. This revealed uneven evolutionary rates across genomes with genes in repeat-rich regions showing higher rates of structural polymorphisms and positive selection. These loci are enriched in genes induced in planta, implicating host adaptation in genome evolution. Unexpectedly, genes involved in epigenetic processes formed another class of rapidly evolving residents of the gene-sparse regions. These results demonstrate that dynamic repeat-rich genome compartments underpin accelerated gene evolution following host jumps in this pathogen lineage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Raffaele, Sylvain -- Farrer, Rhys A -- Cano, Liliana M -- Studholme, David J -- MacLean, Daniel -- Thines, Marco -- Jiang, Rays H Y -- Zody, Michael C -- Kunjeti, Sridhara G -- Donofrio, Nicole M -- Meyers, Blake C -- Nusbaum, Chad -- Kamoun, Sophien -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 10;330(6010):1540-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1193070.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21148391" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological/genetics ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Computational Biology ; DNA Copy Number Variations ; Epistasis, Genetic ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Genes ; *Genome ; Host Specificity/*genetics ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Lycopersicon esculentum/parasitology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phytophthora/classification/*genetics/pathogenicity/physiology ; Phytophthora infestans/classification/*genetics/*pathogenicity/physiology ; Plant Diseases/*parasitology ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Selection, Genetic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Solanum tuberosum/parasitology
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  • 71
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-10-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 24;329(5999):1596-7. doi: 10.1126/science.329.5999.1596.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20929825" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antarctic Regions ; *Bass ; Certification ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries/*standards ; *Organizations, Nonprofit
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2010-09-11
    Description: Filopodia are finger-like protrusive structures, containing actin bundles. By incubating frog egg extracts with supported lipid bilayers containing phosphatidylinositol 4,5 bisphosphate, we have reconstituted the assembly of filopodia-like structures (FLSs). The actin assembles into parallel bundles, and known filopodial components localize to the tip and shaft. The filopodia tip complexes self-organize--they are not templated by preexisting membrane microdomains. The F-BAR domain protein toca-1 recruits N-WASP, followed by the Arp2/3 complex and actin. Elongation proteins, Diaphanous-related formin, VASP, and fascin are recruited subsequently. Although the Arp2/3 complex is required for FLS initiation, it is not essential for elongation, which involves formins. We propose that filopodia form via clustering of Arp2/3 complex activators, self-assembly of filopodial tip complexes on the membrane, and outgrowth of actin bundles.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2982780/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2982780/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, Kwonmoo -- Gallop, Jennifer L -- Rambani, Komal -- Kirschner, Marc W -- GM26875/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM026875/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM026875-34/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 10;329(5997):1341-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1191710.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20829485" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin Cytoskeleton/ultrastructure ; Actin-Related Protein 2-3 Complex/metabolism ; Actins/*metabolism ; Animals ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Humans ; Kinetics ; *Lipid Bilayers ; Membrane Microdomains ; Mice ; Microfilament Proteins/metabolism ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism ; NADPH Dehydrogenase/metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates/metabolism ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; Pseudopodia/*metabolism/*ultrastructure ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein, Neuronal/metabolism ; Xenopus ; Xenopus Proteins/metabolism
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2010-12-04
    Description: Although the proteins BAX and BAK are required for initiation of apoptosis at the mitochondria, how BAX and BAK are activated remains unsettled. We provide in vivo evidence demonstrating an essential role of the proteins BID, BIM, and PUMA in activating BAX and BAK. Bid, Bim, and Puma triple-knockout mice showed the same developmental defects that are associated with deficiency of Bax and Bak, including persistent interdigital webs and imperforate vaginas. Genetic deletion of Bid, Bim, and Puma prevented the homo-oligomerization of BAX and BAK, and thereby cytochrome c-mediated activation of caspases in response to diverse death signals in neurons and T lymphocytes, despite the presence of other BH3-only molecules. Thus, many forms of apoptosis require direct activation of BAX and BAK at the mitochondria by a member of the BID, BIM, or PUMA family of proteins.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3163443/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3163443/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ren, Decheng -- Tu, Ho-Chou -- Kim, Hyungjin -- Wang, Gary X -- Bean, Gregory R -- Takeuchi, Osamu -- Jeffers, John R -- Zambetti, Gerard P -- Hsieh, James J-D -- Cheng, Emily H-Y -- P30CA21765/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA125562/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA125562-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA125562-03/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA125562-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01CA125562/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01GM083159/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 3;330(6009):1390-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1190217.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21127253" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Caspases/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebellum/cytology ; Cytochromes c/metabolism ; Intracellular Membranes/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Neurons/*physiology ; Permeability ; Protein Multimerization ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Stress, Physiological ; T-Lymphocytes/physiology ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 74
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-07-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 23;329(5990):378. doi: 10.1126/science.329.5990.378.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20651127" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; China ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Endangered Species ; Extinction, Biological ; Female ; Fisheries ; *Fishes ; Human Activities ; Humans ; Male ; Population Dynamics ; *Porpoises ; *Rivers
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2010-03-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xin, Hao -- Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Mar 19;327(5972):1440-1. doi: 10.1126/science.327.5972.1440-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20299561" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Budgets ; China ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*economics ; *Ecosystem ; Energy-Generating Resources ; Environmental Pollution/*prevention & control ; Financing, Government
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-04-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ray-Gallet, Dominique -- Almouzni, Genevieve -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Apr 2;328(5974):56-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1188653.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Nuclear Dynamics and Genome Plasticity, UMR218 CNRS/Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20360101" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Cycle ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromatin/*metabolism ; Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly ; DNA Replication ; Histones/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Nucleosomes/*metabolism ; Protein Multimerization
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  • 77
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-06-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 18;328(5985):1476-7. doi: 10.1126/science.328.5985.1476.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20558685" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria/*metabolism ; Carbon/analysis/*metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/*metabolism ; Ecological and Environmental Processes ; *Ecosystem ; Organic Chemicals/analysis/*metabolism ; Organic Chemistry Processes ; Phytoplankton/growth & development/metabolism ; Seawater/*chemistry/*microbiology
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2010-01-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jansen, Patrick A -- Muller-Landau, Helene C -- Wright, S Joseph -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 1;327(5961):30. doi: 10.1126/science.327.5961.30-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20044556" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Carbon ; *Climatic Processes ; *Ecosystem ; *Meat ; *Trees ; Tropical Climate ; *Vertebrates
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  • 79
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-02-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lehmann, Caroline E R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Feb 5;327(5966):642-3. doi: 10.1126/science.327.5966.642-c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20133552" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2011-07-19
    Description: Until recently, large apex consumers were ubiquitous across the globe and had been for millions of years. The loss of these animals may be humankind's most pervasive influence on nature. Although such losses are widely viewed as an ethical and aesthetic problem, recent research reveals extensive cascading effects of their disappearance in marine, terrestrial, and freshwater ecosystems worldwide. This empirical work supports long-standing theory about the role of top-down forcing in ecosystems but also highlights the unanticipated impacts of trophic cascades on processes as diverse as the dynamics of disease, wildfire, carbon sequestration, invasive species, and biogeochemical cycles. These findings emphasize the urgent need for interdisciplinary research to forecast the effects of trophic downgrading on process, function, and resilience in global ecosystems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Estes, James A -- Terborgh, John -- Brashares, Justin S -- Power, Mary E -- Berger, Joel -- Bond, William J -- Carpenter, Stephen R -- Essington, Timothy E -- Holt, Robert D -- Jackson, Jeremy B C -- Marquis, Robert J -- Oksanen, Lauri -- Oksanen, Tarja -- Paine, Robert T -- Pikitch, Ellen K -- Ripple, William J -- Sandin, Stuart A -- Scheffer, Marten -- Schoener, Thomas W -- Shurin, Jonathan B -- Sinclair, Anthony R E -- Soule, Michael E -- Virtanen, Risto -- Wardle, David A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 15;333(6040):301-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1205106.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA. jestes@ucsc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21764740" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; *Extinction, Biological ; Feeding Behavior ; *Food Chain ; Humans ; Introduced Species ; Population Dynamics ; Predatory Behavior
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  • 81
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-02-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ebert, Dieter -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 4;331(6017):539-40. doi: 10.1126/science.1202092.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Universitat Basel, Zoological Institute, Vesalgasse 1, 4059 Basel, Switzerland. dieter.ebert@unibas.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21292957" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Daphnia/*genetics/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Gene Duplication ; *Genome ; Phenotype
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  • 82
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-09-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 2;333(6047):1210-1. doi: 10.1126/science.333.6047.1210.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21885748" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiosperms/growth & development ; China ; *Ecosystem ; Eutrophication ; *Fresh Water/chemistry/microbiology ; *Harmful Algal Bloom ; Microcystis/*growth & development ; Potamogetonaceae/growth & development ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/*toxicity ; Water Pollution/economics/*prevention & control ; Water Supply
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2011-09-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 2;333(6047):1209. doi: 10.1126/science.333.6047.1209.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21885747" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actinobacteria/*isolation & purification ; *Archaea/isolation & purification/physiology ; Bacteroidetes/*isolation & purification ; China ; *Ecosystem ; Food Chain ; Hot Springs/*microbiology
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  • 84
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-08-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 12;333(6044):817. doi: 10.1126/science.333.6044.817.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21835994" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; China/epidemiology ; *Ecosystem ; *Energy-Generating Resources ; *Environment ; Humans ; *Rivers ; Schistosomiasis/epidemiology/transmission ; Snails ; Water Movements
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  • 85
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-07-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, Leslie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 29;333(6042):540-3. doi: 10.1126/science.333.6042.540.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21798924" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Birth Rate ; Female ; Forecasting ; Humans ; Male ; Parity ; *Population Growth ; Pregnancy
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2011-11-05
    Description: Climate change challenges organisms to adapt or move to track changes in environments in space and time. We used two measures of thermal shifts from analyses of global temperatures over the past 50 years to describe the pace of climate change that species should track: the velocity of climate change (geographic shifts of isotherms over time) and the shift in seasonal timing of temperatures. Both measures are higher in the ocean than on land at some latitudes, despite slower ocean warming. These indices give a complex mosaic of predicted range shifts and phenology changes that deviate from simple poleward migration and earlier springs or later falls. They also emphasize potential conservation concerns, because areas of high marine biodiversity often have greater velocities of climate change and seasonal shifts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burrows, Michael T -- Schoeman, David S -- Buckley, Lauren B -- Moore, Pippa -- Poloczanska, Elvira S -- Brander, Keith M -- Brown, Chris -- Bruno, John F -- Duarte, Carlos M -- Halpern, Benjamin S -- Holding, Johnna -- Kappel, Carrie V -- Kiessling, Wolfgang -- O'Connor, Mary I -- Pandolfi, John M -- Parmesan, Camille -- Schwing, Franklin B -- Sydeman, William J -- Richardson, Anthony J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 4;334(6056):652-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1210288.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology, Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll, PA37 1QA, Scotland, UK. michael.burrows@sams.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22053045" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; Oceans and Seas ; Seasons
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2011-04-23
    Description: Cellular messenger RNA levels are achieved by the combinatorial complexity of factors controlling transcription, yet the small number of molecules involved in these pathways fluctuates stochastically. It has not yet been experimentally possible to observe the activity of single polymerases on an endogenous gene to elucidate how these events occur in vivo. Here, we describe a method of fluctuation analysis of fluorescently labeled RNA to measure dynamics of nascent RNA--including initiation, elongation, and termination--at an active yeast locus. We find no transcriptional memory between initiation events, and elongation speed can vary by threefold throughout the cell cycle. By measuring the abundance and intranuclear mobility of an upstream transcription factor, we observe that the gene firing rate is directly determined by trans-activating factor search times.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3152976/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3152976/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Larson, Daniel R -- Zenklusen, Daniel -- Wu, Bin -- Chao, Jeffrey A -- Singer, Robert H -- 57071/PHS HHS/ -- 86217/PHS HHS/ -- R01 GM057071/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM057071-10/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM057071-11/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM057071-12/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM086217/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM086217-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM086217-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM086217-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM086217-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 22;332(6028):475-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1202142.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21512033" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/genetics ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; DNA Polymerase I/genetics ; Facilitated Diffusion ; *Genes, Fungal ; Glutamate Synthase/genetics ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; Kinetics ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Models, Genetic ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA Polymerase II/metabolism ; RNA Precursors/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Fungal/biosynthesis/*genetics ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Transcriptional Activation
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  • 88
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-07-09
    Description: Both engineering and evolution are constrained by trade-offs between efficiency and robustness, but theory that formalizes this fact is limited. For a simple two-state model of glycolysis, we explicitly derive analytic equations for hard trade-offs between robustness and efficiency with oscillations as an inevitable side effect. The model describes how the trade-offs arise from individual parameters, including the interplay of feedback control with autocatalysis of network products necessary to power and catalyze intermediate reactions. We then use control theory to prove that the essential features of these hard trade-off "laws" are universal and fundamental, in that they depend minimally on the details of this system and generalize to the robust efficiency of any autocatalytic network. The theory also suggests worst-case conditions that are consistent with initial experiments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chandra, Fiona A -- Buzi, Gentian -- Doyle, John C -- R01GM078992A/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 8;333(6039):187-92. doi: 10.1126/science.1200705.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. fiona@caltech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21737735" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Monophosphate/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Allosteric Regulation ; Biocatalysis ; Feedback, Physiological ; Glucose/metabolism ; *Glycolysis ; Kinetics ; Linear Models ; *Models, Biological ; NAD/metabolism ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Phosphofructokinases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Pyruvate Kinase/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*metabolism ; Single-Cell Analysis
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2011-11-15
    Description: Intestinal epithelial stem cell identity and location have been the subject of substantial research. Cells in the +4 niche are slow-cycling and label-retaining, whereas a different stem cell niche located at the crypt base is occupied by crypt base columnar (CBC) cells. CBCs are distinct from +4 cells, and the relationship between them is unknown, though both give rise to all intestinal epithelial lineages. We demonstrate that Hopx, an atypical homeobox protein, is a specific marker of +4 cells. Hopx-expressing cells give rise to CBCs and all mature intestinal epithelial lineages. Conversely, CBCs can give rise to +4 Hopx-positive cells. These findings demonstrate a bidirectional lineage relationship between active and quiescent stem cells in their niches.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3705713/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3705713/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Takeda, Norifumi -- Jain, Rajan -- LeBoeuf, Matthew R -- Wang, Qiaohong -- Lu, Min Min -- Epstein, Jonathan A -- R01 HL071546/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL100405/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Dec 9;334(6061):1420-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1213214. Epub 2011 Nov 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22075725" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Epithelial Cells/*cytology ; Homeodomain Proteins/analysis/genetics ; Intestinal Mucosa/*cytology/drug effects ; Intestine, Small/*cytology/drug effects ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Multipotent Stem Cells/*cytology/physiology ; Paneth Cells/cytology ; *Stem Cell Niche ; Tamoxifen/pharmacology
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  • 90
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-04-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nair, Gautham -- Raj, Arjun -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 22;332(6028):431-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1205995.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21512026" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/metabolism ; Fibroblasts ; *Gene Expression ; *Gene Silencing ; Genes, Fungal ; Kinetics ; Mice ; Models, Genetic ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics/metabolism ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Stochastic Processes ; *Transcription, Genetic ; *Transcriptional Activation ; Yeasts/genetics
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2011-04-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reardon, Sara -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 15;332(6027):292. doi: 10.1126/science.332.6027.292.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21493831" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aquatic Organisms/*metabolism/*radiation effects ; *Ecosystem ; Food Chain ; Japan ; Pacific Ocean ; Phytoplankton/metabolism/radiation effects ; Radiation Dosage ; *Radioisotopes/pharmacokinetics/toxicity ; Seaweed/metabolism/radiation effects ; *Water Pollutants, Radioactive/pharmacokinetics/toxicity
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2011-03-12
    Description: The spliceosome is the complex macromolecular machine responsible for removing introns from precursors to messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). We combined yeast genetic engineering, chemical biology, and multiwavelength fluorescence microscopy to follow assembly of single spliceosomes in real time in whole-cell extracts. We find that individual spliceosomal subcomplexes associate with pre-mRNA sequentially via an ordered pathway to yield functional spliceosomes and that association of every subcomplex is reversible. Further, early subcomplex binding events do not fully commit a pre-mRNA to splicing; rather, commitment increases as assembly proceeds. These findings have important implications for the regulation of alternative splicing. This experimental strategy should prove widely useful for mechanistic analysis of other macromolecular machines in environments approaching the complexity of living cells.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3086749/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3086749/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoskins, Aaron A -- Friedman, Larry J -- Gallagher, Sarah S -- Crawford, Daniel J -- Anderson, Eric G -- Wombacher, Richard -- Ramirez, Nicholas -- Cornish, Virginia W -- Gelles, Jeff -- Moore, Melissa J -- F32 GM079971/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- F32 GM079971-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM079971/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM759628/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- K99 GM086471/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- K99 GM086471-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- K99/R00 GM086471/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM043369/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM053007/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM053007-15/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM081648/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM081648-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM54469/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM81648/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM043369/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM043369-21/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RC1 GM091804/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RC1 GM091804-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007596/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007596-30/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Mar 11;331(6022):1289-95. doi: 10.1126/science.1198830.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21393538" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Introns ; Kinetics ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Protein Binding ; RNA Precursors/*metabolism ; *RNA Splicing ; RNA, Fungal/*metabolism ; Ribonucleoprotein, U1 Small Nuclear/metabolism ; Ribonucleoprotein, U2 Small Nuclear/metabolism ; Ribonucleoprotein, U4-U6 Small Nuclear/metabolism ; Ribonucleoprotein, U5 Small Nuclear/metabolism ; Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/*metabolism ; Spliceosomes/*metabolism
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2011-11-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fischer, Joern -- Batary, Peter -- Bawa, Kamaljit S -- Brussaard, Lijbert -- Chappell, M Jahi -- Clough, Yann -- Daily, Gretchen C -- Dorrough, Josh -- Hartel, Tibor -- Jackson, Louise E -- Klein, Alexandra M -- Kremen, Claire -- Kuemmerle, Tobias -- Lindenmayer, David B -- Mooney, Harold A -- Perfecto, Ivette -- Philpott, Stacy M -- Tscharntke, Teja -- Vandermeer, John -- Wanger, Thomas Cherico -- Von Wehrden, Henrik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 4;334(6056):593; author reply 594-5. doi: 10.1126/science.334.6056.593-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22053026" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture ; Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Crops, Agricultural/*growth & development ; *Ecosystem ; *Food
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2011-09-24
    Description: Nonhexameric helicases use adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to unzip base pairs in double-stranded nucleic acids (dsNAs). Studies have suggested that these helicases unzip dsNAs in single-base pair increments, consuming one ATP molecule per base pair, but direct evidence for this mechanism is lacking. We used optical tweezers to follow the unwinding of double-stranded RNA by the hepatitis C virus NS3 helicase. Single-base pair steps by NS3 were observed, along with nascent nucleotide release that was asynchronous with base pair opening. Asynchronous release of nascent nucleotides rationalizes various observations of its dsNA unwinding and may be used to coordinate the translocation speed of NS3 along the RNA during viral replication.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4172460/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4172460/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cheng, Wei -- Arunajadai, Srikesh G -- Moffitt, Jeffrey R -- Tinoco, Ignacio Jr -- Bustamante, Carlos -- 5R01GM010840/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- 5R01GM032543/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM010840/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 23;333(6050):1746-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1206023.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. chengwe@umich.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21940894" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Algorithms ; Base Pairing ; Hepacivirus/*enzymology ; Kinetics ; Models, Biological ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Optical Tweezers ; RNA Helicases/*metabolism ; RNA, Double-Stranded/chemistry/*metabolism ; RNA, Viral/chemistry/*metabolism ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins/*metabolism
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2011-08-13
    Description: Estimates suggest that only one-tenth of the true fungal diversity has been described. Among numerous fungal lineages known only from environmental DNA sequences, Soil Clone Group 1 is the most ubiquitous. These globally distributed fungi may dominate below-ground fungal communities, but their placement in the fungal tree of life has been uncertain. Here, we report cultures of this group and describe the class, Archaeorhizomycetes, phylogenetically placed within subphylum Taphrinomycotina in the Ascomycota. Archaeorhizomycetes comprises hundreds of cryptically reproducing filamentous species that do not form recognizable mycorrhizal structures and have saprotrophic potential, yet are omnipresent in roots and rhizosphere soil and show ecosystem and host root habitat specificity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rosling, Anna -- Cox, Filipa -- Cruz-Martinez, Karelyn -- Ihrmark, Katarina -- Grelet, Gwen-Aelle -- Lindahl, Bjorn D -- Menkis, Audrius -- James, Timothy Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 12;333(6044):876-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1206958.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Forest Mycology and Pathology, Uppsala BioCentre, SLU, Box 7026, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden. anna.rosling@slu.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21836015" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Ascomycota/classification/genetics/growth & development/isolation & purification ; Coniferophyta/microbiology ; *Ecosystem ; Genes, Fungal ; Genes, rRNA ; Meristem/*microbiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mycorrhizae/classification/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Rhizosphere ; *Soil Microbiology
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2011-07-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fisher, Brendan -- Naidoo, Robin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 15;333(6040):287; author reply 287-8. doi: 10.1126/science.333.6040.287-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21764731" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/*economics ; Animals ; *Chiroptera ; Crops, Agricultural/*economics ; *Ecosystem ; Pest Control, Biological/*economics ; Population Dynamics ; United States
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  • 97
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-08-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moore, Christopher -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 19;333(6045):936. doi: 10.1126/science.333.6045.936-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21852471" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Introduced Species
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2011-04-30
    Description: Catastrophic ecological regime shifts may be announced in advance by statistical early warning signals such as slowing return rates from perturbation and rising variance. The theoretical background for these indicators is rich, but real-world tests are rare, especially for whole ecosystems. We tested the hypothesis that these statistics would be early warning signals for an experimentally induced regime shift in an aquatic food web. We gradually added top predators to a lake over 3 years to destabilize its food web. An adjacent lake was monitored simultaneously as a reference ecosystem. Warning signals of a regime shift were evident in the manipulated lake during reorganization of the food web more than a year before the food web transition was complete, corroborating theory for leading indicators of ecological regime shifts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carpenter, S R -- Cole, J J -- Pace, M L -- Batt, R -- Brock, W A -- Cline, T -- Coloso, J -- Hodgson, J R -- Kitchell, J F -- Seekell, D A -- Smith, L -- Weidel, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 May 27;332(6033):1079-82. doi: 10.1126/science.1203672. Epub 2011 Apr 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA. srcarpen@wisc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21527677" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bass ; Biomass ; Chlorophyll/analysis ; *Ecosystem ; *Fishes ; *Food Chain ; *Fresh Water/chemistry ; Models, Biological ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; *Phytoplankton ; Population Dynamics ; *Zooplankton
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2011-11-05
    Description: Since their origin, human populations have colonized the whole planet, but the demographic processes governing range expansions are mostly unknown. We analyzed the genealogy of more than one million individuals resulting from a range expansion in Quebec between 1686 and 1960 and reconstructed the spatial dynamics of the expansion. We find that a majority of the present Saguenay Lac-Saint-Jean population can be traced back to ancestors having lived directly on or close to the wave front. Ancestors located on the front contributed significantly more to the current gene pool than those from the range core, likely due to a 20% larger effective fertility of women on the wave front. This fitness component is heritable on the wave front and not in the core, implying that this life-history trait evolves during range expansions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moreau, Claudia -- Bherer, Claude -- Vezina, Helene -- Jomphe, Michele -- Labuda, Damian -- Excoffier, Laurent -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 25;334(6059):1148-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1212880. Epub 2011 Nov 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre de Recherche, Hopital Sainte-Justine, Universite de Montreal, 3175 Cote Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22052972" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Demography ; Emigration and Immigration ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Fertility ; *Gene Pool ; Genes ; *Genetic Fitness ; Humans ; Male ; Marriage ; *Pedigree ; *Population Dynamics ; Quebec ; Registries ; Reproduction ; *Selection, Genetic
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2011-08-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hulme, Mike -- Mahony, Martin -- Beck, Silke -- Gorg, Christoph -- Hansjurgens, Bernd -- Hauck, Jennifer -- Nesshover, Carsten -- Paulsch, Axel -- Vandewalle, Marie -- Wittmer, Heidi -- Boschen, Stefan -- Bridgewater, Peter -- Diaw, Mariteuw Chimere -- Fabre, Pierre -- Figueroa, Aurelia -- Heong, Kong Luen -- Korn, Horst -- Leemans, Rik -- Lovbrand, Eva -- Hamid, Mohd Norowi -- Monfreda, Chad -- Pielke, Roger Jr -- Settele, Josef -- Winter, Marten -- Vadrot, Alice B M -- van den Hove, Sybille -- van der Sluijs, Jeroen P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 5;333(6043):697-8. doi: 10.1126/science.333.6043.697.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21817033" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; *Policy ; Policy Making
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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