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  • 1
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    Melting inhibition and superheating of ice by an antifreeze glycopeptide (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-08-04
    Description: The melting of pure ice single crystals can be inhibited by the presence of an antifreeze glycopeptide isolated from an Antarctic fish. This inhibition effect exhibits crystallographic dependence and can result in superheating of the crystal by heat conduction across the ice-solution interface. The antifreeze molecules inhibit melting in a manner more or less symmetrical to their well-known effect of inhibiting freezing. The melting effect is best expressed at concave ice interfaces, whereas the freezing effect is best expressed at convex ones. Both are restricted to orientations near (1010) with the particular antifreeze that was used.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Knight, C A -- Devries, A L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Aug 4;245(4917):505-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17750260" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Fishing for data in the Ross Sea (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-12-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blight, Louise K -- Ainley, David G -- Ackley, Stephen F -- Ballard, Grant -- Ballerini, Tosca -- Brownell, Robert L Jr -- Cheng, C-H Christina -- Chiantore, Mariachiara -- Costa, Daniel -- Coulter, Malcolm C -- Dayton, Paul -- Devries, Arthur L -- Dunbar, Robert -- Earle, Sylvia -- Eastman, Joseph T -- Emslie, Steven D -- Evans, Clive W -- Garrott, Robert A -- Kim, Stacy -- Kooyman, Gerald -- Lescroel, Amelie -- Lizotte, Michael -- Massaro, Melanie -- Olmastroni, Silvia -- Ponganis, Paul J -- Russell, Joellen -- Siniff, Donald B -- Smith, Walker O Jr -- Stewart, Brent S -- Stirling, Ian -- Willis, Jay -- Wilson, Peter -- Woehler, Eric J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 3;330(6009):1316. doi: 10.1126/science.330.6009.1316.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21127229" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antarctic Regions ; *Bass ; Certification ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries/*standards
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Fish, crustaceans, and the sea floor under the ross ice shelf (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-02-02
    Description: Baited traps and a camera lowered through the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica, at a point 475 kilometers from the open Ross Sea and to 597 meters below sea level revealed the presence of fish, many amphipods, and one isopod. Biological or current markings were not evident on a soft bottom littered with subangular lumps. A fish was caught through a crevasse 80 kilometers from the shelf edge.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bruchhausen, P M -- Raymond, J A -- Jacobs, S S -- Devries, A L -- Thorndike, E M -- Dewitt, H H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Feb 2;203(4379):449-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17734141" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Renal function in Antarctic teleost fishes: Serum and urine composition (1975)
    Springer
    Marine biology 29 (1975), S. 59-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The urine and serum compositions in 11 species of Antarctic teleost fishes were studied. The body fluids of these fishes were hypoosmotic to seawater. Both urine and serum osmoconcentrations were conspicuously greater than those of temperate species. The elevated serum osmolality was due to increased levels of NaCl, while elevated urine osmolality was due chiefly to increased concentrations of magnesium and chloride. The kidney was unable to form a urine hyperosmotic to serum under field conditions. The renal tubular epithelium secreted magnesium and calcium against a concentration gradient, while effectively preventing the renal excretion of significant amounts of sodium and potassium. Bladder urine of Antarctic teleosts may often be supercooled by as much as 0.8°C. Coelomic fluid and the integument probably act as a barrier in preventing ice propagation in the supercooled bladder urine, since they both contain glycoprotein “antifreeze” agents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00395528
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antifreeze Peptides and Glycopeptides in Cold-Water Fishes (1983)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 45 (1983), S. 245-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ph.45.030183.001333
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Renal glomerular evolution in Antarctic notothenioid fishes (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 29 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Light and electron microscopy were used to document the degree of glomerular development in 10 species of Antarctic notothenioid fishes. When combined with results of previous studies, data revealed that 16 of 20 species inhabiting subzero sea water were aglomerular. One subantarctic and two temperate species were pauciglomerular, and an additional temperate species had a moderate number of glomeruli. Renal corpuscles were variable in number and diameter among the pauciglomerular species, and most had few patent glomerular capillaries. Radiolabelled markers indicated that the glomerular filtration rate was low in the pauciglomerular Notothenia angustata, ranging from 0.005 to 0.124 ml h−1 kg−1 in eight specimens. Arterial perfusion of Microfil demonstrated that arteries supplying aglomerular and pauciglomerular kidneys were confined largely to the periphery of the organ, and glomerular capillaries were absent or few in number. As ancestral notothenioids probably had glomerular kidneys, data from 20–25% of the fauna suggest that there has been an evolutionary loss of glomeruli in many species. The pattern of glomerular reduction is consistent with the hypothesis that the selective advantage of aglomerularism is in the urinary conservation of small molecular weight antifreeze glycopeptide compounds that are vital to survival in sub-zero Antarctic waters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1986.tb04981.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recovery from stress following capture and anaesthesia of antarctic fish: haematology and blood chemistry (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 25 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1984.tb04903.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the lipid sac wall in the Antarctic notothenioid fish Pleuragramma antarcticum (1989)
    Springer
    Polar biology 9 (1989), S. 333-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopy indicates that the intermuscular lipid sac walls of Pleuragramma antarcticum consist of several white adipocytes arranged circumferentially around a large lipid droplet. Since sac walls are cellular, the lipid may be available for metabolism in addition to its obvious role in buoyancy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00287433
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology of the digestive system of Antarctic nototheniid fishes Received: 24 November 1995/Accepted: 27 January 1996 (1996)
    Springer
    Polar biology 17 (1996), S. 1-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Although Antarctic nototheniid fishes are ecologically diverse, this survey of aspects of the anatomy and histology of the digestive system of 25 species showed little interspecific variation in the structure of this system. The gastrointestinal tract is illustrated and all but two species shared a similar pattern of intestinal coiling. The average number of pyloric ceca in most nototheniids was 6–7, with means ranging from 3.0 to 7.6. Reduction in the number of ceca was evident in both phyletically basal and derived species. Intraspecific variation in cecal number was nonexistent in some species, but in others ranged between 2 and 4 ceca. Numerous hepatic ducts, contained within the liver parenchyma, converged on the neck of the gall bladder. The bile duct penetrated the gut wall near the origins of the most dorsally located ceca. The terminal portion of the pancreatic duct paralleled, but did not join, the bile duct. The exocrine pancreas was diffuse and present in intercecal and splenic mesenteries, in the wall of the gall bladder and in tissue near the walls of the bile and pancreatic ducts. Unlike many other teleosts, the liver of nototheniids usually lacked pancreatic exocrine tissue. Nototheniids had a principal pancreatic islet (Brockmann body) and 2–3 accessory islets. Peritoneal melanism was a convergent feature of species living in the water column and probably served to screen the bioluminescence from gut contents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000050098
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipid content and composition of three species of Antarctic fish in relation to buoyancy (1984)
    Springer
    Polar biology 3 (1984), S. 77-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The lipip content and composition of various tissues from three species of nototheniid fish from McMurdo Sound, Antarctic have been examined in relation to their habitat and buoyancy. The pelagic midwater Dissostichus mawsoni is neutrally buoyant. It is rich in lipid which is located subcutaneously, as adipose tissue associated intimately with white muscle, and as lipid droplets within the cells of various tissues. White muscle, red muscle and liver are particularly lipid-rich, although the liver is not positively buoyant. The amount of lipid stored in the white muscle increases towards the centre of buoyancy of the fish. These deposits are documented at the anatomical, histological and ultrastructural levels. Tissues of Pagothenia borchgrevinki contain less lipid than D. mawsoni, but liver, red muscle and white muscle are still very rich in lipid. This species is cryopelagic, that is it spends most of the time in the water column just beneath the surface ice layer. It is not neutrally buoyant, but has a low weight in seawater. The tissues of the benthic Trematomus bernacchii contain only normal levels of lipid. The lipid class compositions of all three species are dominated by triacylglycerol, particularly when lipid contents are high. Serum lipids are an exception in containing high levels of the transport lipid sterol ester. The reason why Antarctic fish use triacylglycerols for buoyancy rather than was esters (as used by many myctophids) or squalene (as used by some sharks) is unclear.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00258151
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