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  • 1
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    Ecology: Production in pristine lakes (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cole, Jonathan J -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 23;460(7254):463-4. doi: 10.1038/460463a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19626100" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Eutrophication ; *Fresh Water ; Light ; Sweden
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Early warnings of regime shifts: a whole-ecosystem experiment (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-04-30
    Description: Catastrophic ecological regime shifts may be announced in advance by statistical early warning signals such as slowing return rates from perturbation and rising variance. The theoretical background for these indicators is rich, but real-world tests are rare, especially for whole ecosystems. We tested the hypothesis that these statistics would be early warning signals for an experimentally induced regime shift in an aquatic food web. We gradually added top predators to a lake over 3 years to destabilize its food web. An adjacent lake was monitored simultaneously as a reference ecosystem. Warning signals of a regime shift were evident in the manipulated lake during reorganization of the food web more than a year before the food web transition was complete, corroborating theory for leading indicators of ecological regime shifts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carpenter, S R -- Cole, J J -- Pace, M L -- Batt, R -- Brock, W A -- Cline, T -- Coloso, J -- Hodgson, J R -- Kitchell, J F -- Seekell, D A -- Smith, L -- Weidel, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 May 27;332(6033):1079-82. doi: 10.1126/science.1203672. Epub 2011 Apr 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA. srcarpen@wisc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21527677" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bass ; Biomass ; Chlorophyll/analysis ; *Ecosystem ; *Fishes ; *Food Chain ; *Fresh Water/chemistry ; Models, Biological ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; *Phytoplankton ; Population Dynamics ; *Zooplankton
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Increase in the export of alkalinity from North America's largest river (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-07-05
    Description: Chemical weathering and the subsequent export of carbonate alkalinity (HCO3- + CO3-2) from soils to rivers account for significant amounts of terrestrially sequestered atmospheric CO2. We show here that during the past half-century, the export of this alkalinity has increased dramatically from North America's largest river, the Mississippi. This increased export is in part the result of increased flow resulting from higher rainfall in the Mississippi basin. Subcatchment data from the Mississippi suggest that the increase in the export of alkalinity is also linked to amount and type of land cover. These observations have important implications for the potential management of carbon sequestration in the United States.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Raymond, Peter A -- Cole, Jonathan J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 4;301(5629):88-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, 205 Prospect Street, New Haven CT, 06511, USA. peter.raymond@yale.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12843391" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; Bicarbonates ; Biomass ; *Carbon ; *Carbon Dioxide ; Carbonates/chemistry ; *Crops, Agricultural ; *Fresh Water ; Geologic Sediments ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Protons ; Rain ; Silicates/chemistry ; Soil ; *Trees ; United States ; Water Movements
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Carbon dioxide supersaturation in the surface waters of lakes (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-09-09
    Description: Data on the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO(2)) in the surface waters from a large number of lakes (1835) with a worldwide distribution show that only a small proportion of the 4665 samples analyzed (less than 10 percent) were within +/-20 percent of equilibrium with the atmosphere and that most samples (87 percent) were supersaturated. The mean partial pressure of CO(2) averaged 1036 microatmospheres, about three times the value in the overlying atmosphere, indicating that lakes are sources rather than sinks of atmospheric CO(2). On a global scale, the potential efflux of CO(2) from lakes (about 0.14 x 10(15) grams of carbon per year) is about half as large as riverine transport of organic plus inorganic carbon to the ocean. Lakes are a small but potentially important conduit for carbon from terrestrial sources to the atmospheric sink.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cole, J J -- Caraco, N F -- Kling, G W -- Kratz, T K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Sep 9;265(5178):1568-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17801536" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Comparing the ancient star formation histories of the Magellanic Clouds (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-03
    Description: We present preliminary results from a new Hubble Space Telescope ( HST ) archival program aimed at tightly constraining the ancient (〉4 Gyr ago) star formation histories (SFHs) of the field populations of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) and Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). We demonstrate the quality of the archival data by constructing HST /Wide Field Planetary Camera 2-based colour–magnitude diagrams (CMDs; M F 555 W  ~ +8) for seven spatially diverse fields in the SMC and eight fields in the LMC. The HST -based CMDs are 〉2 mag deeper than any from ground-based observations, and are particularly superior in high surface brightness regions, e.g. the LMC bar, which contain a significant fraction of star formation and are crowding limited from ground-based observations. To minimize systematic uncertainties, we derive the SFH of each field using an identical maximum likelihood CMD fitting technique. We then compute an approximate mass weighted average SFH for each galaxy. From the average SFHs, we find that both galaxies lack a dominant burst of early star formation, which suggests either a suppression or an underfuelling of ancient star formation in the Magellanic Clouds (MCs). From 10 to 12 Gyr ago, we find that the LMC experienced a period of enhanced stellar mass growth relative to the SMC. Similar to some previous studies, we find two notable peaks in the SFH of the SMC at ~4.5 and 9 Gyr ago, which could be due to repeated close passages with the LMC, implying an interaction history that has persisted for at least 9 Gyr. We find little evidence for strong periodic behaviour in the lifetime SFHs of both MCs, suggesting that repeated encounters with the Milky Way are unlikely. Beginning ~3.5 Gyr ago, both galaxies show sharp increases in their SFHs, in agreement with previous studies. Subsequently, the SFHs track either remarkably well. Spatial variations in the SFH of the SMC are consistent with a picture where gas was driven into the centre of the SMC ~3.5 Gyr ago, which simultaneously shut down star formation in the outer regions while dramatically increasing the star formation rate in the centre. In contrast, the LMC shows little spatial variation in its ancient SFH. The planned additional analysis of HST pointings at larger galactocentric radii will allow us to make more confident statements about spatial variations in the SFHs of the SMC and LMC.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 6
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    Calcium spike electrogenesis and other electrical activity in continuously cultured small cell carcinoma of the lung (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-06-05
    Description: Spike electrogenesis, local depolarizing and hyperpolarizing responses, spontaneous rhythmic firing, and alternating resting potentials were measured in cells from a continuously cultured small cell carcinoma of the lung. Spike generation was blocked by MnCl2. In view of this evidence for calcium-spike electrogenesis and previous evidence of secretory activity in these cells, this cell line (DMS 53) can provide a model for the study of excitation-secretion behavior in human neoplastic cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McCann, F V -- Pettengill, O S -- Cole, J J -- Russell, J A -- Sorenson, G D -- CA 25845/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DA 23108/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 5;212(4499):1155-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6262914" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials/drug effects ; Calcium/pharmacology ; Carcinoma, Small Cell/*physiopathology ; Cells, Cultured ; Electric Conductivity ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/*physiopathology ; Manganese/pharmacology ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Action potentials in macrophages derived from human monocytes (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-02-25
    Description: The electrical activity of macrophages derived from human blood monocytes was recorded in vitro with intracellular microelectrodes and was analyzed with computer-assisted data acquisition and analysis techniques. In cells impaled 6 to 8 days after the cultures were prepared, the resting potentials reached a maximum value of -72 millivolts. The cells were electrically excitable; spikes exhibited a slow upstroke, a fast downstroke, a discrete threshold, a large overshoot, and a brief undershoot. Repetitive firing was induced by a maintained depolarizing current. A positive relation was observed between transmembrane currents and resting potential. Voltage-current relations were nonrectifying for subthreshold current injections. Since these cells had not been treated with any specific activation factors, the electrical activity recorded is evidence for the presence of voltage-dependent inward and outward currents in the membranes of mature macrophages. The electrical signals generated by these cells may be useful for the assay of sensor and effector functions of macrophages, such as chemotaxis, receptor-ligand interactions, and phagocytosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McCann, F V -- Cole, J J -- Guyre, P M -- Russell, J A -- AM0535/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- BRSG05392/RS/DRS NIH HHS/ -- CA17323/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Feb 25;219(4587):991-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6823563" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Macrophages/*physiology ; Monocytes/cytology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Molybdenum availability, nitrogen limitation, and phytoplankton growth in natural waters (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-08-16
    Description: Sulfate inhibits molybdate assimilation by phytoplankton, making molybdate less available in seawater than it is in freshwater. As a result, nitrogen fixation and nitrate assimilation, both processes that require molybdenum, may require a greater expenditure of energy in seawater than in freshwater. This may explain in part why coastal marine ecosystems are usually nitrogen limited whereas lakes usually are not. Experimentally increasing the ratio of sulfate to molybdate (i) inhibits molybdate uptake, (ii) slows nitrogen fixation rates, and (iii) slows the growth of organisms that use nitrate as their nitrogen source.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Howarth, R W -- Cole, J J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Aug 16;229(4714):653-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17739378" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of planktonic bacterial growth rates: The effects of temperature and resources (1996)
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 31 (1996), S. 15-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We examined the potential limitation of bacterial growth by temperature and nutrients in a eutrophic lake. Dilution cultures from winter and summer were incubated at both high (〉20°C) and low (4°C) temperatures and enriched with various combinations of organic carbon (C), inorganic nitrogen (N), and inorganic phosphorus (P). Bacterial abundance, 3H-thymidine incorporation, and 3H-leucine incorporation were measured over the growth cycle. For both winter and summer assemblages, low temperature limited growth even when resources (C, N, and P) were added. When temperature was adequate, bacterial growth in dilution cultures was co-limited by C, N, and P Additions of either C, P, or N and P alone provide little or only modest stimulation of growth, suggesting that under in situ conditions both nutrients and organic carbon limit bacterial growth. Our results provide little evidence of seasonal adaptation to low temperatures for bacterial communities in temperate lakes. Instead, bacterial growth appears to be temperature limited during winter and resource limited during summer. We propose that, in general, bacterial growth rates are temperature dependent up to a threshold, but that the patterns of change across temperature gradients are resource dependent, such that temperature has little effect on growth in resource-rich environments but a strong effect in resource-poor environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00175072
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions Between Bacteria and Algae in Aquatic Ecosystems (1982)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 13 (1982), S. 291-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4162
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.13.110182.001451
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