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  • 1
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    Trophic structure and community stability in an overfished ecosystem (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-07-22
    Description: Since the collapse of the pelagic fisheries off southwest Africa in the late 1960s, jellyfish biomass has increased and the structure of the Benguelan fish community has shifted, making the bearded goby (Sufflogobius bibarbatus) the new predominant prey species. Despite increased predation pressure and a harsh environment, the gobies are thriving. Here we show that physiological adaptations and antipredator and foraging behaviors underpin the success of these fish. In particular, body-tissue isotope signatures reveal that gobies consume jellyfish and sulphidic diatomaceous mud, transferring "dead-end" resources back into the food chain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Utne-Palm, Anne C -- Salvanes, Anne G V -- Currie, Bronwen -- Kaartvedt, Stein -- Nilsson, Goran E -- Braithwaite, Victoria A -- Stecyk, Jonathan A W -- Hundt, Matthias -- van der Bank, Megan -- Flynn, Bradley -- Sandvik, Guro K -- Klevjer, Thor A -- Sweetman, Andrew K -- Bruchert, Volker -- Pittman, Karin -- Peard, Kathleen R -- Lunde, Ida G -- Strandabo, Ronnaug A U -- Gibbons, Mark J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 16;329(5989):333-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1190708.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. anne.palm@bio.uib.no〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20647468" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Anaerobiosis ; Animals ; Bacteria ; Behavior, Animal ; Biomass ; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena ; Digestion ; *Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior ; Fisheries ; Fishes/physiology ; *Food Chain ; Geologic Sediments/microbiology ; Hydrogen Sulfide/analysis ; Namibia ; Oxygen/analysis ; Oxygen Consumption ; Perciformes/*physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Predatory Behavior ; *Scyphozoa ; Seawater/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Maintained cardiac pumping in anoxic crucian carp (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-02
    Description: Like most vertebrates, humans die within minutes when deprived of molecular oxygen (anoxia), in part because of cardiac failure. In contrast, some freshwater turtles can survive anoxia for months at low temperatures, but to do so, they drastically suppress cardiac activity and autonomic cardiovascular control. Although Carassius carassius, the crucian carp, shares this anoxia tolerance, we show that it has a unique ability among vertebrates to retain normal cardiac performance and autonomic cardiovascular regulation for at least 5 days of anoxia. These responses point to an unusual tolerance of a vertebrate heart and autonomic nervous system to prolonged anoxia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stecyk, Jonathan A W -- Stenslokken, Kare-Olav -- Farrell, Anthony P -- Nilsson, Goran E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 1;306(5693):77.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby V5A 1S6, Canada. jstecyk@interchange.ubc.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15459381" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anoxia/*physiopathology ; Autonomic Nervous System/*physiology ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiac Output ; Carps/*physiology ; Ethanol/metabolism ; Heart/*physiology ; Heart Rate ; *Hemodynamics ; Respiration ; Stroke Volume ; Vascular Resistance
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    A role for adenosine in metabolic depression in the marine invertebrate Sipunculus nudus (1997)
    In:  EPIC3American journal of physiology-regulatory integrative and comparative physiology, 272, R350-R356
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    Shutting down or remaining active: Contrasting anoxic-survival strategies in anoxia-tolerant species reflected in cardiovascular control. (2004)
    In:  EPIC3Comp Biochem Physiol A, 137: 50, Animal and cell biology, SEB 04, A7.10, Edinburgh, UK.03-2.04.04., 29
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alterations of dopaminergic and serotonergic activity in the brain of sea-run Baltic salmon suffering a thiamine deficiency-related disorder (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 60 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Baltic salmon Salmo salar females displaying wiggling behaviour had significantly lower (P〈0.05) hepatic and ovarian thiamine (vitamin B1) concentrations than the normal females, confirming that they suffered from a thiamine deficiency. A significantly (P〈0.05) increased monoaminergic activity was found in the telencephalon and the hypothalamus of the wiggling individuals as indicated by [5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA)]: [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] and [3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC)]: [dopamine (DA)] ratios. The 5-HIAA concentrations of wiggling individuals were significantly (P〈0.05) higher in the telencephalon and the hypothalamus compared to normal fish. Wiggling fish showed significantly (P〈0.05) higher concentrations of the DA metabolite DOPAC in the hypothalamus and the brain stem compared to normal fish. Furthermore, the brain stem in wiggling fish contained significantly (P〈0.05) less 5-HT than in normal individuals, which was also reflected in a significant (P〈0.05) increase in the (5-HIAA): (5-HT) ratio. These results demonstrate an increased serotonergic and dopaminergic activity in wiggling compared to normal fish. The altered monoaminergic activity may be directly related to altered brain thiamine metabolism, but a general stress caused by thiamine deficiency and an inability to regulate swim bladder inflation may contribute. Furthermore, a changed brain monoaminergic activity may contribute to the behaviour characterizing wiggling fish.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2002.tb02435.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of aldehyde dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase in summer-acclimatized crucian carp, Carassius carassius L. (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 36 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The tissue distribution of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in summer-acclimatized crucian carp showed almost the same exceptional pattern as previously found in winter-acclimatized specimens. There was a nearly complete spatial separation of ALDH and ADH; in other vertebrates these enzymes occur together. This exceptional enzyme distribution is probably an adaptation to the extraordinary ability of Carassius to produce ethanol as the major metabolic end product during anoxia. Since the crucian carp is less likely to encounter anoxia during the summer, the present results suggest that the crucian carp is unable to switch over to a ‘normal’ ALDH and ADH distribution in the summer. However, it is also possible that there is an advantage for the summer-acclimatized crucian carp in keeping ALDH and ADH separate, because of occasional anoxic periods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1990.tb05593.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Signal processor for laser Doppler tissue flowmeters (1984)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 22 (1984), S. 343-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Blood flow ; Laser Doppler flowmetry ; Signal processing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Laser Doppler flowmeter for the assessment of tissue blood flow are generally equipped with a signal processor which generates the first moment of the unnormalised power spectral density as a continuous output signal. This signal is related to blood flow for low and moderate flow rates. At higher flow rates the interpretation of the output signal becomes ambiguous as a consequence of the multiple scattering in moving blood cells and the homodyne mixing of waves on the detector surface. The paper describes a new signal processor which takes these effects into account and establishes a linear relationship between the flowmeter output signal and blood flow for all flow rates. The performance of the signal processor was evaluated by an experimental fluid model which optically resembled the blood flow through the microvasculature. The transiently high blood flow in the initial phase of reactive hyperaemia, recorded from palmar skin, gave peak values which were almost double those recorded with the original signal processor of the flowmeter. In conjunction with these high peak values a high concentration of moving blood cells was recorded, indicating that the initially high flow rate is produced by an increased number of moving blood cells due to vasodulation rather than by a change in average velocity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02442104
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vivo evaluation of signal processors for laser Doppler tissue flowmeters (1987)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 25 (1987), S. 207-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Blood flow measurements ; Laser Doppler flowmetry ; Signal processing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The performance of different signal processors for laser Doppler tissue flowmeters was evaluated by the use of a well defined flow model comprising a segment of the feline intestinal wall. The processor that, apart from being based on the calculation of the first moment of the power spectral density, also takes into account the effect of multiple scattering in a number of blood cells gave an output signal that was linearly related to the intestinal wall perfusion as recorded independently by a drop-counting technique. At a recording bandwidth of 12 kHz, this linear relationship was valid for the entire flow range 0–300 ml min−1 100 g−1 (r=0·98). The processor based on the first moment of the power spectral density alone under-estimated the highest flow rates by about 35 per cent, while within the flow range 0–100 ml min−1 100 g−1 this processor also gave an output signal linearly related to flow at a recording bandwidth of 12 kHz (r=0·96). When the bandwidth was limited to 4 kHz, the output signals from both processors were linearly related to flow only within the range 0–100 ml min−1 100 g−1 (r=0·90). The output signals recorded with the 4 kHz systems were, however, generally only about 65 per cent of those recorded with the 12 kHz systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02442852
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Integrating probe for tissue laser Doppler flowmeters (1986)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 24 (1986), S. 415-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Laser Doppler flowmetry ; Integrating probe ; Skin blood flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Methods to measure microvascular blood flow usually probe small volumes of tissue. Therefore, spatial differences in skin blood flow alter the signal, when the sensing element is moved a short distance. To reduce the effects of spatial differences in skin blood flow, but yet record its temporal variability, a new integrating probe for laser Doppler flowmeters was developed. The probe receives light from seven different scattering volumes simultaneously, and the instrument processes an integrated signal which is ultimately taken as the average flow value. Significant spatial integration is found, as spatial variability is reduced by the square root of the number of scattering volumes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02442697
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of sampling depth and photon pathlength in laser Doppler flowmetry (1993)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 31 (1993), S. 301-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Laser Doppler flowmetry ; Light scattering ; Monte Carlo model ; Sampling depth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Monte Carlo simulation of photon migration in tissue was used to assess the sampling depth, measuring depth and photon pathlength in laser Doppler flowmetry. The median sampling depth and photon pathlength in skin, liver and brain tissue were calculated for different probe geometries. The shallowest median sampling depth found was 68 μm for a 120 μm diameter single fibre probe applied to a one-layered skin tissue model. By using separate transmitting and receiving fibres, the median sampling depth, which amounted to 146 μm for a 250 μm fibre centre separation, by be successively increased to 233 μm when the fibres' centres are separated by 700 μm. Total photon pathlength and thereby the number of multiple Doppler shifts increase with fibre separation, thus favouring the choice of a probe with a small fibre separation when linearity is more important than a large sampling depth. Owing mainly to differences in the tissue g-value and scattering coefficient, the median sampling depth is shallower for liver and deeper for brain, in comparison with skin tissue. For skin tissue, the influence on the sampling depth of a homogeneously distributed blood volume was found to be limited to about 1 per cent per percentage increase in tissue blood content, and may, therefore, be disregarded in most practical situations. Simulations show that the median measuring depth is strongly dependent on the perfusion profile.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02458050
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