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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (414)
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  • Articles  (414)
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  • 2005-2009  (228)
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  • 1
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    Protein synthesis and neurotrophin-dependent structural plasticity of single dendritic spines (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-03-01
    Description: Long-term potentiation (LTP) at glutamatergic synapses is considered to underlie learning and memory and is associated with the enlargement of dendritic spines. Because the consolidation of memory and LTP require protein synthesis, it is important to clarify how protein synthesis affects spine enlargement. In rat brain slices, the repetitive pairing of postsynaptic spikes and two-photon uncaging of glutamate at single spines (a spike-timing protocol) produced both immediate and gradual phases of spine enlargement in CA1 pyramidal neurons. The gradual enlargement was strongly dependent on protein synthesis and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) action, often associated with spine twitching, and was induced specifically at the spines that were immediately enlarged by the synaptic stimulation. Thus, this spike-timing protocol is an efficient trigger for BDNF secretion and induces protein synthesis-dependent long-term enlargement at the level of single spines.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4218863/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4218863/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tanaka, Jun-Ichi -- Horiike, Yoshihiro -- Matsuzaki, Masanori -- Miyazaki, Takashi -- Ellis-Davies, Graham C R -- Kasai, Haruo -- R01 GM053395/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM053395-12/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Mar 21;319(5870):1683-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1152864. Epub 2008 Feb 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Structural Physiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18309046" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Dendritic Spines/*physiology/*ultrastructure ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; *Neuronal Plasticity ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Pyramidal Cells/physiology/ultrastructure ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor, trkB/metabolism ; Synapses/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Atomic-level models of the bacterial carboxysome shell (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-02-23
    Description: The carboxysome is a bacterial microcompartment that functions as a simple organelle by sequestering enzymes involved in carbon fixation. The carboxysome shell is roughly 800 to 1400 angstroms in diameter and is assembled from several thousand protein subunits. Previous studies have revealed the three-dimensional structures of hexameric carboxysome shell proteins, which self-assemble into molecular layers that most likely constitute the facets of the polyhedral shell. Here, we report the three-dimensional structures of two proteins of previously unknown function, CcmL and OrfA (or CsoS4A), from the two known classes of carboxysomes, at resolutions of 2.4 and 2.15 angstroms. Both proteins assemble to form pentameric structures whose size and shape are compatible with formation of vertices in an icosahedral shell. Combining these pentamers with the hexamers previously elucidated gives two plausible, preliminary atomic models for the carboxysome shell.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tanaka, Shiho -- Kerfeld, Cheryl A -- Sawaya, Michael R -- Cai, Fei -- Heinhorst, Sabine -- Cannon, Gordon C -- Yeates, Todd O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Feb 22;319(5866):1083-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1151458.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18292340" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/physiology ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cytoplasmic Structures/*chemistry/ultrastructure ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Synechocystis/*chemistry/ultrastructure
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 3
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    Molecular coupling of Xist regulation and pluripotency (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-09-20
    Description: During mouse embryogenesis, reversion of imprinted X chromosome inactivation in the pluripotent inner cell mass of the female blastocyst is initiated by the repression of Xist from the paternal X chromosome. Here we report that key factors supporting pluripotency-Nanog, Oct3/4, and Sox2-bind within Xist intron 1 in undifferentiated embryonic stem (ES) cells. Whereas Nanog null ES cells display a reversible and moderate up-regulation of Xist in the absence of any apparent modification of Oct3/4 and Sox2 binding, the drastic release of all three factors from Xist intron 1 triggers rapid ectopic accumulation of Xist RNA. We conclude that the three main genetic factors underlying pluripotency cooperate to repress Xist and thus couple X inactivation reprogramming to the control of pluripotency during embryogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Navarro, Pablo -- Chambers, Ian -- Karwacki-Neisius, Violetta -- Chureau, Corinne -- Morey, Celine -- Rougeulle, Claire -- Avner, Philip -- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Sep 19;321(5896):1693-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1160952.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut Pasteur, Unite de Genetique Moleculaire Murine, CNRS, URA2578, F-75015, Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18802003" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blastocyst Inner Cell Mass/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology/*metabolism ; Female ; HMGB Proteins/*metabolism ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Introns ; Male ; Mice ; Octamer Transcription Factor-3/genetics/*metabolism ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology/*metabolism ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; RNA, Untranslated/*genetics/metabolism ; SOXB1 Transcription Factors ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; Up-Regulation ; X Chromosome/physiology ; *X Chromosome Inactivation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 4
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    Transgenic inhibition of synaptic transmission reveals role of CA3 output in hippocampal learning (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-01-26
    Description: The hippocampus is an area of the brain involved in learning and memory. It contains parallel excitatory pathways referred to as the trisynaptic pathway (which carries information as follows: entorhinal cortex --〉 dentate gyrus --〉 CA3 --〉 CA1 --〉 entorhinal cortex) and the monosynaptic pathway (entorhinal cortex --〉 CA1 --〉 entorhinal cortex). We developed a generally applicable tetanus toxin-based method for transgenic mice that permits inducible and reversible inhibition of synaptic transmission and applied it to the trisynaptic pathway while preserving transmission in the monosynaptic pathway. We found that synaptic output from CA3 in the trisynaptic pathway is dispensable and the short monosynaptic pathway is sufficient for incremental spatial learning. In contrast, the full trisynaptic pathway containing CA3 is required for rapid one-trial contextual learning, for pattern completion-based memory recall, and for spatial tuning of CA1 cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nakashiba, Toshiaki -- Young, Jennie Z -- McHugh, Thomas J -- Buhl, Derek L -- Tonegawa, Susumu -- P50-MH58880/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01-MH078821/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Feb 29;319(5867):1260-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1151120. Epub 2008 Jan 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, RIKEN-MIT Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Biology and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18218862" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Crosses, Genetic ; Dentate Gyrus/physiology ; Electrophysiology ; Entorhinal Cortex/physiology ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Female ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; Interneurons/physiology ; Male ; *Maze Learning ; Mental Recall ; Metalloendopeptidases/genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neural Pathways ; Pyramidal Cells/*physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission ; Tetanus Toxin/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 5
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    Design logic of a cannabinoid receptor signaling network that triggers neurite outgrowth (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-20
    Description: Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) regulates neuronal differentiation. To understand the logic underlying decision-making in the signaling network controlling CB1R-induced neurite outgrowth, we profiled the activation of several hundred transcription factors after cell stimulation. We assembled an in silico signaling network by connecting CB1R to 23 activated transcription factors. Statistical analyses of this network predicted a role for the breast cancer 1 protein BRCA1 in neuronal differentiation and a new pathway from CB1R through phosphoinositol 3-kinase to the transcription factor paired box 6 (PAX6). Both predictions were experimentally confirmed. Results of transcription factor activation experiments that used pharmacological inhibitors of kinases revealed a network organization of partial OR gates regulating kinases stacked above AND gates that control transcription factors, which together allow for distributed decision-making in CB1R-induced neurite outgrowth.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2776723/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2776723/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bromberg, Kenneth D -- Ma'ayan, Avi -- Neves, Susana R -- Iyengar, Ravi -- 1 S10 RR0 9145-01/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- 5R24 CA095823-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM072853/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM54508/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50 GM071558/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50 GM071558-01A2/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50 GM071558-01A20007/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50 GM071558-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50 GM071558-020007/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50 GM071558-030007/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50-071558/PHS HHS/ -- R01 GM054508/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM054508-21/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM072853/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM072853-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA88796/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 16;320(5878):903-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1152662.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18487186" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; BRCA1 Protein/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cells, Cultured ; Computational Biology ; Computer Simulation ; Eye Proteins/metabolism ; Hippocampus/cytology ; Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Mice ; Neurites/*physiology ; Neurons/*cytology/metabolism ; Paired Box Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Protein Interaction Mapping ; Rats ; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/*metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 6
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    Science at the Olympics. Gender balance (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-08-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 1;321(5889):627. doi: 10.1126/science.321.5889.627b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18669835" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Sex Characteristics ; *Sports
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  • 7
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    Cancer. Quo vadis, specificity? (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-01-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schreiber, Hans -- Rowley, Donald A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jan 11;319(5860):164-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1153713.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. hszz@midway.uchicago.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18187644" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigen Presentation ; Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics/*immunology ; Autoantigens/*immunology ; Autoimmunity ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Histones/*immunology ; Humans ; Immunotherapy, Adoptive ; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/*immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mutation ; Peptide Fragments/immunology ; Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics/*immunology/therapy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Science at the Olympics. What's age got to do with it? (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-08-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 1;321(5889):625. doi: 10.1126/science.321.5889.625b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18669831" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; *Aging ; *Athletic Performance ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Sports
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 9
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    Designed protein-protein association (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-01-12
    Description: The analysis of natural contact interfaces between protein subunits and between proteins has disclosed some general rules governing their association. We have applied these rules to produce a number of novel assemblies, demonstrating that a given protein can be engineered to form contacts at various points of its surface. Symmetry plays an important role because it defines the multiplicity of a designed contact and therefore the number of required mutations. Some of the proteins needed only a single side-chain alteration in order to associate to a higher-order complex. The mobility of the buried side chains has to be taken into account. Four assemblies have been structurally elucidated. Comparisons between the designed contacts and the results will provide useful guidelines for the development of future architectures.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grueninger, Dirk -- Treiber, Nora -- Ziegler, Mathias O P -- Koetter, Jochen W A -- Schulze, Monika-Sarah -- Schulz, Georg E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jan 11;319(5860):206-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1150421.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut fur Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18187656" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aldehyde-Lyases/*chemistry/genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/genetics ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cysteine Synthase/*chemistry/genetics ; Dimerization ; Glycoside Hydrolases/*chemistry/genetics ; Models, Molecular ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry ; Point Mutation ; Porins/*chemistry/genetics ; Protein Conformation ; *Protein Engineering ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits/*chemistry/genetics ; Urocanate Hydratase/*chemistry/genetics
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  • 10
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    Tuned responses of astrocytes and their influence on hemodynamic signals in the visual cortex (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-06-21
    Description: Astrocytes have long been thought to act as a support network for neurons, with little role in information representation or processing. We used two-photon imaging of calcium signals in the ferret visual cortex in vivo to discover that astrocytes, like neurons, respond to visual stimuli, with distinct spatial receptive fields and sharp tuning to visual stimulus features including orientation and spatial frequency. The stimulus-feature preferences of astrocytes were exquisitely mapped across the cortical surface, in close register with neuronal maps. The spatially restricted stimulus-specific component of the intrinsic hemodynamic mapping signal was highly sensitive to astrocyte activation, indicating that astrocytes have a key role in coupling neuronal organization to mapping signals critical for noninvasive brain imaging. Furthermore, blocking astrocyte glutamate transporters influenced the magnitude and duration of adjacent visually driven neuronal responses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schummers, James -- Yu, Hongbo -- Sur, Mriganka -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jun 20;320(5883):1638-43. doi: 10.1126/science.1156120.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18566287" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aspartic Acid/pharmacology ; Astrocytes/drug effects/*physiology ; Blood Volume ; Brain Mapping ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Signaling ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Ferrets ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Male ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Neurons/*physiology ; Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism ; Photic Stimulation ; Synapses/physiology ; Visual Cortex/blood supply/cytology/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 11
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    Deeply inverted electron-hole recombination in a luminescent antibody-stilbene complex (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-03-01
    Description: The blue-emissive antibody EP2-19G2 that has been elicited against trans-stilbene has unprecedented ability to produce bright luminescence and has been used as a biosensor in various applications. We show that the prolonged luminescence is not stilbene fluorescence. Instead, the emissive species is a charge-transfer excited complex of an anionic stilbene and a cationic, parallel pi-stacked tryptophan. Upon charge recombination, this complex generates exceptionally bright blue light. Complex formation is enabled by a deeply penetrating ligand-binding pocket, which in turn results from a noncanonical interface between the two variable domains of the antibody.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Debler, Erik W -- Kaufmann, Gunnar F -- Meijler, Michael M -- Heine, Andreas -- Mee, Jenny M -- Pljevaljcic, Goran -- Di Bilio, Angel J -- Schultz, Peter G -- Millar, David P -- Janda, Kim D -- Wilson, Ian A -- Gray, Harry B -- Lerner, Richard A -- DK19038/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM38273/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM56528/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM038273/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Feb 29;319(5867):1232-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1153445.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18309081" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibodies, Monoclonal/*chemistry/genetics/immunology ; Antigen-Antibody Complex ; Binding Sites, Antibody ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; *Electrons ; Fluorescence ; Fluorescence Polarization ; Haptens/chemistry/immunology ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Immunoglobulin Variable Region/*chemistry/immunology ; Ligands ; Luminescence ; Mutation ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence ; Spectrum Analysis ; Stilbenes/*chemistry/immunology ; Tryptophan/chemistry
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  • 12
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    Germ cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic factors govern meiotic initiation in mouse embryos (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-12-17
    Description: Retinoic acid (RA) is an essential extrinsic inducer of meiotic initiation in mammalian germ cells. However, RA acts too widely in mammalian development to account, by itself, for the cell-type and temporal specificity of meiotic initiation. We considered parallels to yeast, in which extrinsic and intrinsic factors combine to restrict meiotic initiation. We demonstrate that, in mouse embryos, extrinsic and intrinsic factors together regulate meiotic initiation. The mouse RNA-binding protein DAZL, which is expressed by postmigratory germ cells, is a key intrinsic factor, enabling those cells to initiate meiosis in response to RA. Within a brief developmental window, Dazl-expressing germ cells in both XX and XY embryos actively acquire the ability to interpret RA as a meiosis-inducing signal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lin, Yanfeng -- Gill, Mark E -- Koubova, Jana -- Page, David C -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Dec 12;322(5908):1685-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1166340.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Whitehead Institute, and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19074348" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Animals ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/ultrastructure ; DNA Breaks ; DNA Repair ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology/physiology ; Endodeoxyribonucleases ; Esterases/metabolism ; Female ; Germ Cells/*cytology ; Male ; *Meiosis ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Ovary/embryology/physiology ; Phosphoproteins/genetics/metabolism ; Proteins/metabolism ; RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Testis/embryology/physiology ; Tretinoin/pharmacology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    Crystal structure of a self-spliced group II intron (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-04-05
    Description: Group II introns are self-splicing ribozymes that catalyze their own excision from precursor transcripts and insertion into new genetic locations. Here we report the crystal structure of an intact, self-spliced group II intron from Oceanobacillus iheyensis at 3.1 angstrom resolution. An extensive network of tertiary interactions facilitates the ordered packing of intron subdomains around a ribozyme core that includes catalytic domain V. The bulge of domain V adopts an unusual helical structure that is located adjacent to a major groove triple helix (catalytic triplex). The bulge and catalytic triplex jointly coordinate two divalent metal ions in a configuration that is consistent with a two-metal ion mechanism for catalysis. Structural and functional analogies support the hypothesis that group II introns and the spliceosome share a common ancestor.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4406475/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4406475/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Toor, Navtej -- Keating, Kevin S -- Taylor, Sean D -- Pyle, Anna Marie -- GM50313/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM050313/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T15 LM07056/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 4;320(5872):77-82. doi: 10.1126/science.1153803.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, 266 Whitney Avenue, Bass Building, New Haven, CT 06511, USA. navtej.toor@yale.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18388288" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Allosteric Regulation ; Bacillaceae/chemistry/*genetics ; Base Pairing ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Catalytic Domain ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Introns ; Ligands ; Magnesium/chemistry ; Models, Molecular ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Phylogeny ; *RNA Splicing ; RNA, Bacterial/*chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Catalytic/*chemistry/metabolism ; Spliceosomes/chemistry/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    Intersection of the RNA interference and X-inactivation pathways (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-06-07
    Description: In mammals, dosage compensation is achieved by X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) in the female. The noncoding Xist gene initiates silencing of the X chromosome, whereas its antisense partner Tsix blocks silencing. The complementarity of Xist and Tsix RNAs has long suggested a role for RNA interference (RNAi). Here, we report that murine Xist and Tsix form duplexes in vivo. During XCI, the duplexes are processed to small RNAs (sRNAs), most likely on the active X (Xa) in a Dicer-dependent manner. Deleting Dicer compromises sRNA production and derepresses Xist. Furthermore, without Dicer, Xist RNA cannot accumulate and histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation is blocked on the inactive X (Xi). The defects are partially rescued by truncating Tsix. Thus, XCI and RNAi intersect, down-regulating Xist on Xa and spreading silencing on Xi.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2584363/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2584363/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ogawa, Yuya -- Sun, Bryan K -- Lee, Jeannie T -- R01 GM058839/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM058839-10/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jun 6;320(5881):1336-41. doi: 10.1126/science.1157676.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18535243" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; DEAD-box RNA Helicases/genetics/metabolism ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; Endoribonucleases/genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Histones/metabolism ; Male ; Methylation ; Mice ; *RNA Interference ; RNA, Double-Stranded/metabolism ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; RNA, Small Nuclear/metabolism ; RNA, Untranslated/genetics/*metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Ribonuclease III ; X Chromosome/*genetics/metabolism ; *X Chromosome Inactivation
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  • 15
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    Log or linear? Distinct intuitions of the number scale in Western and Amazonian indigene cultures (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-31
    Description: The mapping of numbers onto space is fundamental to measurement and to mathematics. Is this mapping a cultural invention or a universal intuition shared by all humans regardless of culture and education? We probed number-space mappings in the Mundurucu, an Amazonian indigene group with a reduced numerical lexicon and little or no formal education. At all ages, the Mundurucu mapped symbolic and nonsymbolic numbers onto a logarithmic scale, whereas Western adults used linear mapping with small or symbolic numbers and logarithmic mapping when numbers were presented nonsymbolically under conditions that discouraged counting. This indicates that the mapping of numbers onto space is a universal intuition and that this initial intuition of number is logarithmic. The concept of a linear number line appears to be a cultural invention that fails to develop in the absence of formal education.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2610411/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2610411/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dehaene, Stanislas -- Izard, Veronique -- Spelke, Elizabeth -- Pica, Pierre -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 30;320(5880):1217-20. doi: 10.1126/science.1156540.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉INSERM, Cognitive Neuro-imaging Unit, Institut Federatif de Recherche (IFR) 49, Gif sur Yvette, France. stanislas.dehaene@cea.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18511690" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Anthropology, Cultural ; Brazil ; Child ; *Cultural Evolution ; Educational Status ; Female ; Humans ; *Indians, South American ; *Intuition ; Male ; *Mathematics ; Middle Aged
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  • 16
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    Whither or wither microbicides? (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-07-26
    Description: After disappointing results from all efficacy trials conducted to date, the field of microbicides research now faces substantial challenges. Poor coordination among interested parties and the choice of nonvalidated scientific targets for phase III studies have hampered progress and created mistrust about the use of microbicides as a method to prevent HIV-1 sexual transmission. Although new promising strategies are available, there will need to be serious reappraisals of how decisions are made to advance the next generations of candidates into clinical trials, and the use of appropriate animal models in this process will be critical.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2835691/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2835691/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grant, Robert M -- Hamer, Dean -- Hope, Thomas -- Johnston, Rowena -- Lange, Joep -- Lederman, Michael M -- Lieberman, Judy -- Miller, Christopher J -- Moore, John P -- Mosier, Donald E -- Richman, Douglas D -- Schooley, Robert T -- Springer, Marty S -- Veazey, Ronald S -- Wainberg, Mark A -- U19 AI076981/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI076981-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 25;321(5888):532-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1160355.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉J. David Gladstone Institutes, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94518, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18653884" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administration, Intravaginal ; Animals ; Anti-HIV Agents/*administration & dosage/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Anti-Infective Agents, Local/*administration & dosage/pharmacology/therapeutic ; use ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; HIV Infections/drug therapy/*prevention & control/transmission ; HIV-1/*drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Patient Compliance ; Polymers/*administration & dosage/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Primates ; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/*administration & ; dosage/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Vaginal Diseases/drug therapy/*prevention & control
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  • 17
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    Small molecule-induced allosteric activation of the Vibrio cholerae RTX cysteine protease domain (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-10-11
    Description: Vibrio cholerae RTX (repeats in toxin) is an actin-disrupting toxin that is autoprocessed by an internal cysteine protease domain (CPD). The RTX CPD is efficiently activated by the eukaryote-specific small molecule inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6), and we present the 2.1 angstrom structure of the RTX CPD in complex with InsP6. InsP6 binds to a conserved basic cleft that is distant from the protease active site. Biochemical and kinetic analyses of CPD mutants indicate that InsP6 binding induces an allosteric switch that leads to the autoprocessing and intracellular release of toxin-effector domains.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3272704/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3272704/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lupardus, Patrick J -- Shen, Aimee -- Bogyo, Matthew -- Garcia, K Christopher -- R01 AI078947/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI078947-04/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 EB005011/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- R01 EB005011-06/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- R01 EB005011-07/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- U54RR020843/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 10;322(5899):265-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1162403.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18845756" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acyltransferases/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Allosteric Regulation ; Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Bacterial Toxins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Catalytic Domain ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cysteine Endopeptidases/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)/*metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; Phytic Acid/*metabolism ; Point Mutation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Surface Plasmon Resonance ; Vibrio cholerae/*chemistry
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  • 18
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    Structural basis of toll-like receptor 3 signaling with double-stranded RNA (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-04-19
    Description: Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) recognizes double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), a molecular signature of most viruses, and triggers inflammatory responses that prevent viral spread. TLR3 ectodomains (ECDs) dimerize on oligonucleotides of at least 40 to 50 base pairs in length, the minimal length required for signal transduction. To establish the molecular basis for ligand binding and signaling, we determined the crystal structure of a complex between two mouse TLR3-ECDs and dsRNA at 3.4 angstrom resolution. Each TLR3-ECD binds dsRNA at two sites located at opposite ends of the TLR3 horseshoe, and an intermolecular contact between the two TLR3-ECD C-terminal domains coordinates and stabilizes the dimer. This juxtaposition could mediate downstream signaling by dimerizing the cytoplasmic Toll interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domains. The overall shape of the TLR3-ECD does not change upon binding to dsRNA.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2761030/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2761030/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Lin -- Botos, Istvan -- Wang, Yan -- Leonard, Joshua N -- Shiloach, Joseph -- Segal, David M -- Davies, David R -- Z01 BC009254-33/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 18;320(5874):379-81. doi: 10.1126/science.1155406.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18420935" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Humans ; Ligands ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA, Double-Stranded/*chemistry/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptor 3/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
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    Third International Symposium on Biomolecular Archaeology. Old bones reveal new signs of scurvy (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-10-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Travis, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 17;322(5900):368-9. doi: 10.1126/science.322.5900.368b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18927371" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bone and Bones/*chemistry ; Collagen/*chemistry ; History, 17th Century ; History, 18th Century ; Humans ; Hydroxyproline/*analysis ; Male ; Netherlands ; Scurvy/diagnosis/*history
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  • 20
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    Ecology. A matter of timing (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-08-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lyon, Bruce E -- Chaine, Alexis S -- Winkler, David W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 22;321(5892):1051-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1159822.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. lyon@biology.ucsc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18719273" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Climate ; Cues ; Environment ; Female ; Male ; *Oviposition ; Passeriformes/genetics/*physiology ; Phenotype ; Photoperiod ; Seasons ; Selection, Genetic ; Temperature ; Time Factors
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    Assessment. Global sex differences in test score variability (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-11-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Machin, Stephen -- Pekkarinen, Tuomas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Nov 28;322(5906):1331-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1162573.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Economics, University College London, London, WC1 6BT, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19039123" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Achievement ; Adolescent ; *Educational Measurement ; Female ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Internationality ; Male ; Mathematics ; Reading ; *Sex Characteristics
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  • 22
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    BOLD responses reflecting dopaminergic signals in the human ventral tegmental area (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-03-01
    Description: Current theories hypothesize that dopamine neuronal firing encodes reward prediction errors. Although studies in nonhuman species provide direct support for this theory, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies in humans have focused on brain areas targeted by dopamine neurons [ventral striatum (VStr)] rather than on brainstem dopaminergic nuclei [ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra]. We used fMRI tailored to directly image the brainstem. When primary rewards were used in an experiment, the VTA blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response reflected a positive reward prediction error, whereas the VStr encoded positive and negative reward prediction errors. When monetary gains and losses were used, VTA BOLD responses reflected positive reward prediction errors modulated by the probability of winning. We detected no significant VTA BOLD response to nonrewarding events.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉D'Ardenne, Kimberlee -- McClure, Samuel M -- Nystrom, Leigh E -- Cohen, Jonathan D -- F32 MH072141/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH062196/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- T32 MH065214/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Feb 29;319(5867):1264-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1150605.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. dardenne@princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18309087" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Basal Ganglia/physiology ; Conditioning, Classical ; Cues ; Dopamine/*physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mental Processes/*physiology ; Oxygen/blood ; Probability ; Reinforcement (Psychology) ; *Reward ; Ventral Tegmental Area/*physiology
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  • 23
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    Hepatic glucose sensing via the CREB coactivator CRTC2 (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-03-08
    Description: Chronic hyperglycemia contributes to the development of diabetes-associated complications. Increases in the concentration of circulating glucose activate the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) and promote the O-glycosylation of proteins by O-glycosyl transferase (OGT). We show that OGT triggered hepatic gluconeogenesis through the O-glycosylation of the transducer of regulated cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (CREB) 2 (TORC2 or CRTC2). CRTC2 was O-glycosylated at sites that normally sequester CRTC2 in the cytoplasm through a phosphorylation-dependent mechanism. Decreasing amounts of O-glycosylated CRTC2 by expression of the deglycosylating enzyme O-GlcNAcase blocked effects of glucose on gluconeogenesis, demonstrating the importance of the HBP in the development of glucose intolerance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dentin, Renaud -- Hedrick, Susan -- Xie, Jianxin -- Yates, John 3rd -- Montminy, Marc -- R01 GM037828/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Mar 7;319(5868):1402-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1151363.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18323454" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus/metabolism ; *Gluconeogenesis ; Glucose/*metabolism ; Glycosylation ; Glycosyltransferases/metabolism ; Hepatocytes/metabolism ; Humans ; Insulin/metabolism ; Liver/*metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Phosphorylation ; RNA Interference ; Signal Transduction ; Trans-Activators/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors ; beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases/metabolism
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    Nuclear reprogramming in cells (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-12-20
    Description: Nuclear reprogramming describes a switch in gene expression of one kind of cell to that of another unrelated cell type. Early studies in frog cloning provided some of the first experimental evidence for reprogramming. Subsequent procedures included mammalian somatic cell nuclear transfer, cell fusion, induction of pluripotency by ectopic gene expression, and direct reprogramming. Through these methods it becomes possible to derive one kind of specialized cell (such as a brain cell) from another, more accessible, tissue (such as skin) in the same individual. This has potential applications for cell replacement without the immunosuppression treatments that are required when cells are transferred between genetically different individuals. This article provides some background to this field, a discussion of mechanisms and efficiency, and comments on prospects for future nuclear reprogramming research.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gurdon, J B -- Melton, D A -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Dec 19;322(5909):1811-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1160810.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute and Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 12N, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19095934" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Dedifferentiation ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Fusion ; Cell Lineage ; *Cellular Reprogramming ; Cloning, Organism ; DNA/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology/physiology ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Male ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Oocytes/cytology ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology/physiology ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism
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    Avian paternal care had dinosaur origin (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-12-20
    Description: The repeated discovery of adult dinosaurs in close association with egg clutches leads to speculation over the type and extent of care exhibited by these extinct animals for their eggs and young. To assess parental care in Cretaceous troodontid and oviraptorid dinosaurs, we examined clutch volume and the bone histology of brooding adults. In comparison to four archosaur care regressions, the relatively large clutch volumes of Troodon, Oviraptor, and Citipati scale most closely with a bird-paternal care model. Clutch-associated adults lack the maternal and reproductively associated histologic features common to extant archosaurs. Large clutch volumes and a suite of reproductive features shared only with birds favor paternal care, possibly within a polygamous mating system. Paternal care in both troodontids and oviraptorids indicates that this care system evolved before the emergence of birds and represents birds' ancestral condition. In extant birds and over most adult sizes, paternal and biparental care correspond to the largest and smallest relative clutch volumes, respectively.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Varricchio, David J -- Moore, Jason R -- Erickson, Gregory M -- Norell, Mark A -- Jackson, Frankie D -- Borkowski, John J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Dec 19;322(5909):1826-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1163245.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA. djv@montana.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19095938" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; *Biological Evolution ; *Birds/physiology ; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology ; Clutch Size ; *Dinosaurs/physiology ; Female ; *Fossils ; Male ; Maternal Behavior ; *Nesting Behavior ; Paternal Behavior ; Regression Analysis ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal
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    A model for neuronal competition during development (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-03-08
    Description: We report that developmental competition between sympathetic neurons for survival is critically dependent on a sensitization process initiated by target innervation and mediated by a series of feedback loops. Target-derived nerve growth factor (NGF) promoted expression of its own receptor TrkA in mouse and rat neurons and prolonged TrkA-mediated signals. NGF also controlled expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-4, which, through the receptor p75, can kill neighboring neurons with low retrograde NGF-TrkA signaling whereas neurons with high NGF-TrkA signaling are protected. Perturbation of any of these feedback loops disrupts the dynamics of competition. We suggest that three target-initiated events are essential for rapid and robust competition between neurons: sensitization, paracrine apoptotic signaling, and protection from such effects.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3612357/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3612357/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Deppmann, Christopher D -- Mihalas, Stefan -- Sharma, Nikhil -- Lonze, Bonnie E -- Niebur, Ernst -- Ginty, David D -- EY016281/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- F32 NS053187/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS053187/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS34814/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 18;320(5874):369-73. doi: 10.1126/science.1152677. Epub 2008 Mar 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18323418" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Apoptosis ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Computer Simulation ; Feedback, Physiological ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Mathematics ; Mice ; *Models, Neurological ; Nerve Growth Factor/*metabolism ; Nerve Growth Factors/metabolism ; Neurons/cytology/*physiology ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Rats ; Receptor, trkA/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Superior Cervical Ganglion/*cytology
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    Comment on "Brain IRS2 signaling coordinates life span and nutrient homeostasis" (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-05-24
    Description: Taguchi et al. (Reports, 20 July 2007, p. 369) reported that mice heterozygous for a null mutation in insulin receptor substrate-2 (Irs2) display a 17% increase in median life span. However, using the same mouse model, we find no evidence for life-span extension and suggest that the findings of Taguchi et al. were due to atypical life-span profiles in their study animals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Selman, Colin -- Lingard, Steven -- Gems, David -- Partridge, Linda -- Withers, Dominic J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 23;320(5879):1012; author reply 1012. doi: 10.1126/science.1152366.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University College London, Rayne Institute, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JJ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18497277" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*metabolism ; Crosses, Genetic ; Diet ; Female ; Homeostasis ; Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; *Longevity ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mutation ; Phosphoproteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Research Design ; Signal Transduction
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    Tailoring AIDS prevention (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-09-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉De Lay, Paul R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Sep 19;321(5896):1631. doi: 10.1126/science.321.5896.1631a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18801980" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*prevention & control ; Disease Outbreaks/*prevention & control ; Endemic Diseases ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Preventive Health Services/*economics
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    Structural evidence for common ancestry of the nuclear pore complex and vesicle coats (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-11-01
    Description: Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) facilitate nucleocytoplasmic transport. These massive assemblies comprise an eightfold symmetric scaffold of architectural proteins and central-channel phenylalanine-glycine-repeat proteins forming the transport barrier. We determined the nucleoporin 85 (Nup85)*Seh1 structure, a module in the heptameric Nup84 complex, at 3.5 angstroms resolution. Structural, biochemical, and genetic analyses position the Nup84 complex in two peripheral NPC rings. We establish a conserved tripartite element, the ancestral coatomer element ACE1, that reoccurs in several nucleoporins and vesicle coat proteins, providing structural evidence of coevolution from a common ancestor. We identified interactions that define the organization of the Nup84 complex on the basis of comparison with vesicle coats and confirmed the sites by mutagenesis. We propose that the NPC scaffold, like vesicle coats, is composed of polygons with vertices and edges forming a membrane-proximal lattice that provides docking sites for additional nucleoporins.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2680690/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2680690/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brohawn, Stephen G -- Leksa, Nina C -- Spear, Eric D -- Rajashankar, Kanagalaghatta R -- Schwartz, Thomas U -- GM68762/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM77537/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM077537/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM077537-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Nov 28;322(5906):1369-73. doi: 10.1126/science.1165886. Epub 2008 Oct 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18974315" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Coated Vesicles/*chemistry ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Evolution, Molecular ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis ; Nuclear Pore/*chemistry ; Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Vesicular Transport Proteins/*chemistry
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    Structural biology. Researchers hone their homology tools (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-03-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, Robert F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Mar 21;319(5870):1612. doi: 10.1126/science.319.5870.1612.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18356502" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Computational Biology ; *Computer Simulation ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; *Models, Molecular ; *Protein Conformation ; Proteins/*chemistry
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    Biomechanical energy harvesting: generating electricity during walking with minimal user effort (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-02-09
    Description: We have developed a biomechanical energy harvester that generates electricity during human walking with little extra effort. Unlike conventional human-powered generators that use positive muscle work, our technology assists muscles in performing negative work, analogous to regenerative braking in hybrid cars, where energy normally dissipated during braking drives a generator instead. The energy harvester mounts at the knee and selectively engages power generation at the end of the swing phase, thus assisting deceleration of the joint. Test subjects walking with one device on each leg produced an average of 5 watts of electricity, which is about 10 times that of shoe-mounted devices. The cost of harvesting-the additional metabolic power required to produce 1 watt of electricity-is less than one-eighth of that for conventional human power generation. Producing substantial electricity with little extra effort makes this method well-suited for charging powered prosthetic limbs and other portable medical devices.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Donelan, J M -- Li, Q -- Naing, V -- Hoffer, J A -- Weber, D J -- Kuo, A D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Feb 8;319(5864):807-10. doi: 10.1126/science.1149860.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University (SFU), Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. mdonelan@sfu.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18258914" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Bioelectric Energy Sources ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; *Electricity ; Energy Metabolism ; Humans ; Knee Joint/physiology ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiology ; *Walking
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    Structural biology. Protein structure initiative: phase 3 or phase out (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-03-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, Robert F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Mar 21;319(5870):1610-3. doi: 10.1126/science.319.5870.1610.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18356501" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Crystallography, X-Ray ; Databases, Protein ; Financing, Government ; *National Institute of General Medical Sciences (U.S.)/economics ; *Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Proteins/*chemistry ; Proteomics ; United States
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    An integrated genomic analysis of human glioblastoma multiforme (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-09-06
    Description: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and lethal type of brain cancer. To identify the genetic alterations in GBMs, we sequenced 20,661 protein coding genes, determined the presence of amplifications and deletions using high-density oligonucleotide arrays, and performed gene expression analyses using next-generation sequencing technologies in 22 human tumor samples. This comprehensive analysis led to the discovery of a variety of genes that were not known to be altered in GBMs. Most notably, we found recurrent mutations in the active site of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) in 12% of GBM patients. Mutations in IDH1 occurred in a large fraction of young patients and in most patients with secondary GBMs and were associated with an increase in overall survival. These studies demonstrate the value of unbiased genomic analyses in the characterization of human brain cancer and identify a potentially useful genetic alteration for the classification and targeted therapy of GBMs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2820389/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2820389/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Parsons, D Williams -- Jones, Sian -- Zhang, Xiaosong -- Lin, Jimmy Cheng-Ho -- Leary, Rebecca J -- Angenendt, Philipp -- Mankoo, Parminder -- Carter, Hannah -- Siu, I-Mei -- Gallia, Gary L -- Olivi, Alessandro -- McLendon, Roger -- Rasheed, B Ahmed -- Keir, Stephen -- Nikolskaya, Tatiana -- Nikolsky, Yuri -- Busam, Dana A -- Tekleab, Hanna -- Diaz, Luis A Jr -- Hartigan, James -- Smith, Doug R -- Strausberg, Robert L -- Marie, Suely Kazue Nagahashi -- Shinjo, Sueli Mieko Oba -- Yan, Hai -- Riggins, Gregory J -- Bigner, Darell D -- Karchin, Rachel -- Papadopoulos, Nick -- Parmigiani, Giovanni -- Vogelstein, Bert -- Velculescu, Victor E -- Kinzler, Kenneth W -- 5P50-NS-20023/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- CA09547/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA108786/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA11898/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA121113/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA43460/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA57345/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA62924/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- NS052507/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA062924/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA062924-160017/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA121113/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA121113-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA140316/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA043460/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA043460-27/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA057345/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA057345-13/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA057345-17/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA057345-18/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Sep 26;321(5897):1807-12. doi: 10.1126/science.1164382. Epub 2008 Sep 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18772396" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain Neoplasms/*genetics/mortality ; Female ; Gene Amplification ; Gene Dosage ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genome, Human ; Glioblastoma/*genetics/mortality ; Humans ; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase/chemistry/*genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Mutation ; Mutation, Missense ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Signal Transduction ; Survival Rate
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    Molecular architecture of the "stressosome," a signal integration and transduction hub (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-10-04
    Description: A commonly used strategy by microorganisms to survive multiple stresses involves a signal transduction cascade that increases the expression of stress-responsive genes. Stress signals can be integrated by a multiprotein signaling hub that responds to various signals to effect a single outcome. We obtained a medium-resolution cryo-electron microscopy reconstruction of the 1.8-megadalton "stressosome" from Bacillus subtilis. Fitting known crystal structures of components into this reconstruction gave a pseudoatomic structure, which had a virus capsid-like core with sensory extensions. We suggest that the different sensory extensions respond to different signals, whereas the conserved domains in the core integrate the varied signals. The architecture of the stressosome provides the potential for cooperativity, suggesting that the response could be tuned dependent on the magnitude of chemophysical insult.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marles-Wright, Jon -- Grant, Tim -- Delumeau, Olivier -- van Duinen, Gijs -- Firbank, Susan J -- Lewis, Peter J -- Murray, James W -- Newman, Joseph A -- Quin, Maureen B -- Race, Paul R -- Rohou, Alexis -- Tichelaar, Willem -- van Heel, Marin -- Lewis, Richard J -- BB/D000521/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/F001533/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 3;322(5898):92-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1159572.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18832644" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacillus subtilis/*chemistry/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Models, Biological ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multiprotein Complexes/*chemistry/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Phosphoproteins/*chemistry/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*chemistry/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Sigma Factor/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction
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    Internally generated cell assembly sequences in the rat hippocampus (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-09-06
    Description: A long-standing conjecture in neuroscience is that aspects of cognition depend on the brain's ability to self-generate sequential neuronal activity. We found that reliably and continually changing cell assemblies in the rat hippocampus appeared not only during spatial navigation but also in the absence of changing environmental or body-derived inputs. During the delay period of a memory task, each moment in time was characterized by the activity of a particular assembly of neurons. Identical initial conditions triggered a similar assembly sequence, whereas different conditions gave rise to different sequences, thereby predicting behavioral choices, including errors. Such sequences were not formed in control (nonmemory) tasks. We hypothesize that neuronal representations, evolved for encoding distance in spatial navigation, also support episodic recall and the planning of action sequences.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2570043/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2570043/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pastalkova, Eva -- Itskov, Vladimir -- Amarasingham, Asohan -- Buzsaki, Gyorgy -- MH54671/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS34994/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH054671/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH054671-10/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS034994/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS034994-11/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Sep 5;321(5894):1322-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1159775.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, 197 University Avenue, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18772431" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Choice Behavior ; Cues ; Hippocampus/*cytology/*physiology ; Interneurons/physiology ; Male ; Maze Learning ; *Memory ; *Mental Recall ; Models, Neurological ; Motor Activity ; Pyramidal Cells/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans
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    Pyogenic bacterial infections in humans with MyD88 deficiency (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-08-02
    Description: MyD88 is a key downstream adapter for most Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and interleukin-1 receptors (IL-1Rs). MyD88 deficiency in mice leads to susceptibility to a broad range of pathogens in experimental settings of infection. We describe a distinct situation in a natural setting of human infection. Nine children with autosomal recessive MyD88 deficiency suffered from life-threatening, often recurrent pyogenic bacterial infections, including invasive pneumococcal disease. However, these patients were otherwise healthy, with normal resistance to other microbes. Their clinical status improved with age, but not due to any cellular leakiness in MyD88 deficiency. The MyD88-dependent TLRs and IL-1Rs are therefore essential for protective immunity to a small number of pyogenic bacteria, but redundant for host defense to most natural infections.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2688396/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2688396/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉von Bernuth, Horst -- Picard, Capucine -- Jin, Zhongbo -- Pankla, Rungnapa -- Xiao, Hui -- Ku, Cheng-Lung -- Chrabieh, Maya -- Mustapha, Imen Ben -- Ghandil, Pegah -- Camcioglu, Yildiz -- Vasconcelos, Julia -- Sirvent, Nicolas -- Guedes, Margarida -- Vitor, Artur Bonito -- Herrero-Mata, Maria Jose -- Arostegui, Juan Ignacio -- Rodrigo, Carlos -- Alsina, Laia -- Ruiz-Ortiz, Estibaliz -- Juan, Manel -- Fortuny, Claudia -- Yague, Jordi -- Anton, Jordi -- Pascal, Mariona -- Chang, Huey-Hsuan -- Janniere, Lucile -- Rose, Yoann -- Garty, Ben-Zion -- Chapel, Helen -- Issekutz, Andrew -- Marodi, Laszlo -- Rodriguez-Gallego, Carlos -- Banchereau, Jacques -- Abel, Laurent -- Li, Xiaoxia -- Chaussabel, Damien -- Puel, Anne -- Casanova, Jean-Laurent -- U19 AI057234/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI057234-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AIO57234-02/PHS HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 1;321(5889):691-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1158298.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, INSERM U550, Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18669862" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Animals ; Bacterial Infections/*genetics/*immunology ; Cell Line, Transformed ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Disease Susceptibility ; Female ; Gene Deletion ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Male ; Mice ; Mutation, Missense ; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88/*deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Pneumococcal Infections/genetics/immunology ; Pseudomonas Infections/genetics/immunology ; Receptors, Interleukin-1/immunology/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Staphylococcal Infections/genetics/immunology ; Toll-Like Receptors/immunology/metabolism ; Transfection
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    The right pitch for saxophonists (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-03-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉King, Peter -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Mar 14;319(5869):1483. doi: 10.1126/science.319.5869.1483b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18339919" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; Larynx/*physiology ; *Learning ; Male ; *Music ; Pitch Perception ; Sound
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    The rupture and repair of cooperation in borderline personality disorder (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-08-09
    Description: To sustain or repair cooperation during a social exchange, adaptive creatures must understand social gestures and the consequences when shared expectations about fair exchange are violated by accident or intent. We recruited 55 individuals afflicted with borderline personality disorder (BPD) to play a multiround economic exchange game with healthy partners. Behaviorally, individuals with BPD showed a profound incapacity to maintain cooperation, and were impaired in their ability to repair broken cooperation on the basis of a quantitative measure of coaxing. Neurally, activity in the anterior insula, a region known to respond to norm violations across affective, interoceptive, economic, and social dimensions, strongly differentiated healthy participants from individuals with BPD. Healthy subjects showed a strong linear relation between anterior insula response and both magnitude of monetary offer received from their partner (input) and the amount of money repaid to their partner (output). In stark contrast, activity in the anterior insula of BPD participants was related only to the magnitude of repayment sent back to their partner (output), not to the magnitude of offers received (input). These neural and behavioral data suggest that norms used in perception of social gestures are pathologically perturbed or missing altogether among individuals with BPD. This game-theoretic approach to psychopathology may open doors to new ways of characterizing and studying a range of mental illnesses.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4105006/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4105006/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉King-Casas, Brooks -- Sharp, Carla -- Lomax-Bream, Laura -- Lohrenz, Terry -- Fonagy, Peter -- Montague, P Read -- DA11723/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- F32 MH078485/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH078485/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH52797/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS045790/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA011723/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH052797/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS045790/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 8;321(5890):806-10. doi: 10.1126/science.1156902.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Computational Psychiatry Unit and Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18687957" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Borderline Personality Disorder/*physiopathology/*psychology ; Cerebral Cortex/*physiopathology ; *Cooperative Behavior ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/physiopathology ; *Games, Experimental ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Parietal Lobe/physiopathology ; Social Behavior ; Trust/*psychology
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    Structure and functional role of dynein's microtubule-binding domain (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-12-17
    Description: Dynein motors move various cargos along microtubules within the cytoplasm and power the beating of cilia and flagella. An unusual feature of dynein is that its microtubule-binding domain (MTBD) is separated from its ring-shaped AAA+ adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) domain by a 15-nanometer coiled-coil stalk. We report the crystal structure of the mouse cytoplasmic dynein MTBD and a portion of the coiled coil, which supports a mechanism by which the ATPase domain and MTBD may communicate through a shift in the heptad registry of the coiled coil. Surprisingly, functional data suggest that the MTBD, and not the ATPase domain, is the main determinant of the direction of dynein motility.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2663340/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2663340/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carter, Andrew P -- Garbarino, Joan E -- Wilson-Kubalek, Elizabeth M -- Shipley, Wesley E -- Cho, Carol -- Milligan, Ronald A -- Vale, Ronald D -- Gibbons, I R -- GM30401-29/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM52468/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 AR042895/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 AR042895-15/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- P01-AR42895/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- P41 RR-17573/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM097312/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Dec 12;322(5908):1691-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1164424.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19074350" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Dyneins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Mice ; Microscopy, Electron ; Microtubules/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Movement ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism
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    Ankyrin repeat proteins comprise a diverse family of bacterial type IV effectors (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-06-21
    Description: Specialized secretion systems are used by many bacteria to deliver effector proteins into host cells that can either mimic or disrupt the function of eukaryotic factors. We found that the intracellular pathogens Legionella pneumophila and Coxiella burnetii use a type IV secretion system to deliver into eukaryotic cells a large number of different bacterial proteins containing ankyrin repeat homology domains called Anks. The L. pneumophila AnkX protein prevented microtubule-dependent vesicular transport to interfere with fusion of the L. pneumophila-containing vacuole with late endosomes after infection of macrophages, which demonstrates that Ank proteins have effector functions important for bacterial infection of eukaryotic host cells.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2514061/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2514061/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pan, Xiaoxiao -- Luhrmann, Anja -- Satoh, Ayano -- Laskowski-Arce, Michelle A -- Roy, Craig R -- AG030101/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AI041699/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI064559/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM060919/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI041699/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI041699-12/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI064559/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI064559-03/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jun 20;320(5883):1651-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1158160.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06536, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18566289" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ankyrin Repeat ; Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; CHO Cells ; Cells, Cultured ; Coxiella burnetii/*metabolism/pathogenicity ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Cytoplasmic Vesicles/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Cytosol/metabolism ; Golgi Apparatus/metabolism ; Humans ; Intracellular Membranes/metabolism ; Legionella pneumophila/*metabolism/pathogenicity ; Microtubules/metabolism ; Protein Transport ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Vacuoles/microbiology
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    Encoding gender and individual information in the mouse vomeronasal organ (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-04-26
    Description: The mammalian vomeronasal organ detects complex chemical signals that convey information about gender, strain, and the social and reproductive status of an individual. How these signals are encoded is poorly understood. We developed transgenic mice expressing the calcium indicator G-CaMP2 and analyzed population responses of vomeronasal neurons to urine from individual animals. A substantial portion of cells was activated by either male or female urine, but only a small population of cells responded exclusively to gender-specific cues shared across strains and individuals. Female cues activated more cells and were subject to more complex hormonal regulations than male cues. In contrast to gender, strain and individual information was encoded by the combinatorial activation of neurons such that urine from different individuals activated distinctive cell populations.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2602951/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2602951/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉He, Jie -- Ma, Limei -- Kim, Sangseong -- Nakai, Junichi -- Yu, C Ron -- NIDCD 008003/PHS HHS/ -- R01 DC008003/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R01 DC008003-03/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 25;320(5875):535-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1154476.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18436787" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cluster Analysis ; Cues ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred CBA ; Neurons, Afferent/*physiology ; *Pheromones ; Principal Component Analysis ; Receptors, Pheromone/physiology ; Sex Characteristics ; *Urine/chemistry ; Vomeronasal Organ/cytology/*physiology
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    Rare structural variants disrupt multiple genes in neurodevelopmental pathways in schizophrenia (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-03-29
    Description: Schizophrenia is a devastating neurodevelopmental disorder whose genetic influences remain elusive. We hypothesize that individually rare structural variants contribute to the illness. Microdeletions and microduplications 〉100 kilobases were identified by microarray comparative genomic hybridization of genomic DNA from 150 individuals with schizophrenia and 268 ancestry-matched controls. All variants were validated by high-resolution platforms. Novel deletions and duplications of genes were present in 5% of controls versus 15% of cases and 20% of young-onset cases, both highly significant differences. The association was independently replicated in patients with childhood-onset schizophrenia as compared with their parents. Mutations in cases disrupted genes disproportionately from signaling networks controlling neurodevelopment, including neuregulin and glutamate pathways. These results suggest that multiple, individually rare mutations altering genes in neurodevelopmental pathways contribute to schizophrenia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walsh, Tom -- McClellan, Jon M -- McCarthy, Shane E -- Addington, Anjene M -- Pierce, Sarah B -- Cooper, Greg M -- Nord, Alex S -- Kusenda, Mary -- Malhotra, Dheeraj -- Bhandari, Abhishek -- Stray, Sunday M -- Rippey, Caitlin F -- Roccanova, Patricia -- Makarov, Vlad -- Lakshmi, B -- Findling, Robert L -- Sikich, Linmarie -- Stromberg, Thomas -- Merriman, Barry -- Gogtay, Nitin -- Butler, Philip -- Eckstrand, Kristen -- Noory, Laila -- Gochman, Peter -- Long, Robert -- Chen, Zugen -- Davis, Sean -- Baker, Carl -- Eichler, Evan E -- Meltzer, Paul S -- Nelson, Stanley F -- Singleton, Andrew B -- Lee, Ming K -- Rapoport, Judith L -- King, Mary-Claire -- Sebat, Jonathan -- HD043569/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- M01 RR000046/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- MH061355/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH061464/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH061528/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS052108/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD043569/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- RR000046/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- RR025014/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH061355/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH061464/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH061528/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U24 NS052108/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR025014/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 25;320(5875):539-43. doi: 10.1126/science.1155174. Epub 2008 Mar 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18369103" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Age of Onset ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Brain/cytology/*growth & development/metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1/chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Female ; *Gene Deletion ; *Gene Duplication ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Neurons/cytology/physiology ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Receptor, ErbB-4 ; Schizophrenia/*genetics/physiopathology ; Signal Transduction
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    Identification of SLEEPLESS, a sleep-promoting factor (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-07-19
    Description: Sleep is an essential process conserved from flies to humans. The importance of sleep is underscored by its tight homeostatic control. Through a forward genetic screen, we identified a gene, sleepless, required for sleep in Drosophila. The sleepless gene encodes a brain-enriched, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein. Loss of SLEEPLESS protein caused an extreme (〉80%) reduction in sleep; a moderate reduction in SLEEPLESS had minimal effects on baseline sleep but markedly reduced the amount of recovery sleep after sleep deprivation. Genetic and molecular analyses revealed that quiver, a mutation that impairs Shaker-dependent potassium current, is an allele of sleepless. Consistent with this finding, Shaker protein levels were reduced in sleepless mutants. We propose that SLEEPLESS is a signaling molecule that connects sleep drive to lowered membrane excitability.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2771549/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2771549/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koh, Kyunghee -- Joiner, William J -- Wu, Mark N -- Yue, Zhifeng -- Smith, Corinne J -- Sehgal, Amita -- AG017628/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG017628/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG017628-070004/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS072431/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 18;321(5887):372-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1155942.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18635795" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Behavior, Animal ; Brain/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; DNA Transposable Elements ; Drosophila Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/*physiology ; Female ; *Genes, Insect ; Glycosylphosphatidylinositols ; Homeostasis ; Longevity ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology ; *Models, Animal ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Shaker Superfamily of Potassium Channels/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; *Sleep/genetics/physiology ; Sleep Deprivation ; Transgenes
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    TDP-43 mutations in familial and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-03-01
    Description: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal motor neuron disorder characterized pathologically by ubiquitinated TAR DNA binding protein (TDP-43) inclusions. The function of TDP-43 in the nervous system is uncertain, and a mechanistic role in neurodegeneration remains speculative. We identified neighboring mutations in a highly conserved region of TARDBP in sporadic and familial ALS cases. TARDBPM337V segregated with disease within one kindred and a genome-wide scan confirmed that linkage was restricted to chromosome 1p36, which contains the TARDBP locus. Mutant forms of TDP-43 fragmented in vitro more readily than wild type and, in vivo, caused neural apoptosis and developmental delay in the chick embryo. Our evidence suggests a pathophysiological link between TDP-43 and ALS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sreedharan, Jemeen -- Blair, Ian P -- Tripathi, Vineeta B -- Hu, Xun -- Vance, Caroline -- Rogelj, Boris -- Ackerley, Steven -- Durnall, Jennifer C -- Williams, Kelly L -- Buratti, Emanuele -- Baralle, Francisco -- de Belleroche, Jacqueline -- Mitchell, J Douglas -- Leigh, P Nigel -- Al-Chalabi, Ammar -- Miller, Christopher C -- Nicholson, Garth -- Shaw, Christopher E -- G0500289/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0501573/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0600974/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Mar 21;319(5870):1668-72. doi: 10.1126/science.1154584. Epub 2008 Feb 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, and Institute of Psychiatry, London, SE5 8AF, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18309045" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/*genetics ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; CHO Cells ; Chick Embryo ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/genetics ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Embryonic Development ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/physiology ; *Mutation, Missense ; Neurons/cytology/physiology
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    Experiencing physical warmth promotes interpersonal warmth (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-10-25
    Description: "Warmth" is the most powerful personality trait in social judgment, and attachment theorists have stressed the importance of warm physical contact with caregivers during infancy for healthy relationships in adulthood. Intriguingly, recent research in humans points to the involvement of the insula in the processing of both physical temperature and interpersonal warmth (trust) information. Accordingly, we hypothesized that experiences of physical warmth (or coldness) would increase feelings of interpersonal warmth (or coldness), without the person's awareness of this influence. In study 1, participants who briefly held a cup of hot (versus iced) coffee judged a target person as having a "warmer" personality (generous, caring); in study 2, participants holding a hot (versus cold) therapeutic pad were more likely to choose a gift for a friend instead of for themselves.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2737341/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2737341/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Williams, Lawrence E -- Bargh, John A -- MH-R01-60767/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH060767-09/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 24;322(5901):606-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1162548.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Leeds School of Business, University of Colorado at Boulder, UCB 419, Boulder, CO, 80309-0419, USA. lawrence.williams@colorado.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18948544" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Cerebral Cortex/physiology ; Cold Temperature ; Emotions ; Female ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; *Interpersonal Relations ; Judgment ; Male ; Personality ; Social Behavior ; *Social Perception ; *Thermosensing ; *Trust
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    Genetics. Ancient DNA from frozen hair may untangle Eskimo roots (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balter, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 30;320(5880):1146-7. doi: 10.1126/science.320.5880.1146b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18511664" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; *DNA, Mitochondrial ; Emigration and Immigration ; Freezing ; Genetic Markers ; Greenland ; Hair/*chemistry ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Inuits/*genetics ; Male
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    Induced pluripotent stem cells generated without viral integration (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-09-27
    Description: Pluripotent stem cells have been generated from mouse and human somatic cells by viral expression of the transcription factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc. A major limitation of this technology is the use of potentially harmful genome-integrating viruses. We generated mouse induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from fibroblasts and liver cells by using nonintegrating adenoviruses transiently expressing Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc. These adenoviral iPS (adeno-iPS) cells show DNA demethylation characteristic of reprogrammed cells, express endogenous pluripotency genes, form teratomas, and contribute to multiple tissues, including the germ line, in chimeric mice. Our results provide strong evidence that insertional mutagenesis is not required for in vitro reprogramming. Adenoviral reprogramming may provide an improved method for generating and studying patient-specific stem cells and for comparing embryonic stem cells and iPS cells.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3987909/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3987909/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stadtfeld, Matthias -- Nagaya, Masaki -- Utikal, Jochen -- Weir, Gordon -- Hochedlinger, Konrad -- DP2 OD003266/OD/NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Nov 7;322(5903):945-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1162494. Epub 2008 Sep 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18818365" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenoviridae/*genetics/physiology ; Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; *Cellular Reprogramming ; Chimera ; Cloning, Molecular ; Female ; Fibroblasts/*cytology/metabolism/virology ; Genes, myc ; *Genetic Vectors ; Hepatocytes/*cytology/metabolism/virology ; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Liver/cytology/embryology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, SCID ; Octamer Transcription Factor-3/genetics/metabolism ; *Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism/transplantation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics/metabolism ; SOXB1 Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Teratoma/etiology ; Transgenes ; Virus Integration
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    An association between the kinship and fertility of human couples (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-02-09
    Description: Previous studies have reported that related human couples tend to produce more children than unrelated couples but have been unable to determine whether this difference is biological or stems from socioeconomic variables. Our results, drawn from all known couples of the Icelandic population born between 1800 and 1965, show a significant positive association between kinship and fertility, with the greatest reproductive success observed for couples related at the level of third and fourth cousins. Owing to the relative socioeconomic homogeneity of Icelanders, and the observation of highly significant differences in the fertility of couples separated by very fine intervals of kinship, we conclude that this association is likely to have a biological basis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Helgason, Agnar -- Palsson, Saebjorn -- Gudbjartsson, Daniel F -- Kristjansson, Thornordur -- Stefansson, Kari -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Feb 8;319(5864):813-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1150232.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉deCODE Genetics, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland. agnar@decode.is〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18258915" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Consanguinity ; *Family ; *Family Characteristics ; Female ; *Fertility ; Humans ; Iceland ; Male ; Socioeconomic Factors
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    Traction dynamics of filopodia on compliant substrates (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-12-17
    Description: Cells sense the environment's mechanical stiffness to control their own shape, migration, and fate. To better understand stiffness sensing, we constructed a stochastic model of the "motor-clutch" force transmission system, where molecular clutches link F-actin to the substrate and mechanically resist myosin-driven F-actin retrograde flow. The model predicts two distinct regimes: (i) "frictional slippage," with fast retrograde flow and low traction forces on stiff substrates and (ii) oscillatory "load-and-fail" dynamics, with slower retrograde flow and higher traction forces on soft substrates. We experimentally confirmed these model predictions in embryonic chick forebrain neurons by measuring the nanoscale dynamics of single-growth-cone filopodia. Furthermore, we experimentally observed a model-predicted switch in F-actin dynamics around an elastic modulus of 1 kilopascal. Thus, a motor-clutch system inherently senses and responds to the mechanical stiffness of the local environment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chan, Clarence E -- Odde, David J -- R01-GM-76177/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Dec 12;322(5908):1687-91. doi: 10.1126/science.1163595.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19074349" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin Cytoskeleton/*physiology ; Actins/*physiology ; Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cell Adhesion ; Cells, Cultured ; Chick Embryo ; Compliance ; Computer Simulation ; Elastic Modulus ; Elasticity ; Growth Cones/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Models, Biological ; Myosin Type II/physiology ; Neurons/physiology ; Pseudopodia/*physiology ; Surface Tension
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    Medicine. Sidestepping mutational meltdown (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-02-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shoubridge, Eric A -- Wai, Timothy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Feb 15;319(5865):914-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1154515.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada. eric@ericpc.mni.mcgill.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18276880" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autophagy ; Cell Line ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/genetics ; Electron Transport Complex IV/*genetics ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; Female ; Frameshift Mutation ; *Germ-Line Mutation ; Male ; Mice ; Mitochondria/physiology ; NADH Dehydrogenase/*genetics ; Oocytes/*physiology ; Oogenesis ; *Selection, Genetic
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    Personal genomics. Number of sequenced human genomes doubles (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-11-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Nov 7;322(5903):838. doi: 10.1126/science.322.5903.838.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18988816" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: African Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Female ; *Genome, Human ; *Genomics/economics/methods ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics ; Male ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA/economics/methods
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    CTLA-4 control over Foxp3+ regulatory T cell function (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-10-11
    Description: Naturally occurring Foxp3+CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for maintaining immunological self-tolerance and immune homeostasis. Here, we show that a specific deficiency of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) in Tregs results in spontaneous development of systemic lymphoproliferation, fatal T cell-mediated autoimmune disease, and hyperproduction of immunoglobulin E in mice, and it also produces potent tumor immunity. Treg-specific CTLA-4 deficiency impairs in vivo and in vitro suppressive function of Tregs-in particular, Treg-mediated down-regulation of CD80 and CD86 expression on dendritic cells. Thus, natural Tregs may critically require CTLA-4 to suppress immune responses by affecting the potency of antigen-presenting cells to activate other T cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wing, Kajsa -- Onishi, Yasushi -- Prieto-Martin, Paz -- Yamaguchi, Tomoyuki -- Miyara, Makoto -- Fehervari, Zoltan -- Nomura, Takashi -- Sakaguchi, Shimon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 10;322(5899):271-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1160062.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18845758" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology ; Antigens, CD/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Antigens, CD80/metabolism ; Antigens, CD86/metabolism ; Autoimmune Diseases/immunology ; *Autoimmunity ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; CTLA-4 Antigen ; Dendritic Cells/immunology ; Down-Regulation ; Female ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; *Immune Tolerance ; Immunoglobulin E/blood ; Immunoglobulin G/blood ; Leukemia/immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocytes/immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/*immunology
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    Structural basis for specific substrate recognition by the chloroplast signal recognition particle protein cpSRP43 (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-07-16
    Description: Secretory and membrane proteins carry amino-terminal signal sequences that, in cotranslational targeting, are recognized by the signal recognition particle protein SRP54 without sequence specificity. The most abundant membrane proteins on Earth are the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding proteins (LHCPs). They are synthesized in the cytoplasm, imported into the chloroplast, and posttranslationally targeted to the thylakoid membrane by cpSRP, a heterodimer formed by cpSRP54 and cpSRP43. We present the 1.5 angstrom crystal structure of cpSRP43 characterized by a unique arrangement of chromodomains and ankyrin repeats. The overall shape and charge distribution of cpSRP43 resembles the SRP RNA, which is absent in chloroplasts. The complex with the internal signal sequence of LHCPs reveals that cpSRP43 specifically recognizes a DPLG peptide motif. We describe how cpSPR43 adapts the universally conserved SRP system to posttranslational targeting and insertion of the LHCP family of membrane proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stengel, Katharina F -- Holdermann, Iris -- Cain, Peter -- Robinson, Colin -- Wild, Klemens -- Sinning, Irmgard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 11;321(5886):253-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1158640.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biochemie-Zentrum der Universitat Heidelberg, INF328, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18621669" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Ankyrin Repeat ; Arabidopsis/chemistry/*metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Calorimetry ; Chloroplast Proteins ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes/chemistry/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits ; RNA, Plant/chemistry/metabolism ; Signal Recognition Particle/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Thylakoids/metabolism
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    Bottom-up dependent gating of frontal signals in early visual cortex (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-07-19
    Description: The frontal eye field (FEF) is one of several cortical regions thought to modulate sensory inputs. Moreover, several hypotheses suggest that the FEF can only modulate early visual areas in the presence of a visual stimulus. To test for bottom-up gating of frontal signals, we microstimulated subregions in the FEF of two monkeys and measured the effects throughout the brain with functional magnetic resonance imaging. The activity of higher-order visual areas was strongly modulated by FEF stimulation, independent of visual stimulation. In contrast, FEF stimulation induced a topographically specific pattern of enhancement and suppression in early visual areas, but only in the presence of a visual stimulus. Modulation strength depended on stimulus contrast and on the presence of distractors. We conclude that bottom-up activation is needed to enable top-down modulation of early visual cortex and that stimulus saliency determines the strength of this modulation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3011100/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3011100/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ekstrom, Leeland B -- Roelfsema, Pieter R -- Arsenault, John T -- Bonmassar, Giorgio -- Vanduffel, Wim -- P41 RR014075/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P41 RR014075-13/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P41RR14075/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 EB000790/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- R01 EB000790-05/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 18;321(5887):414-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1153276.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18635806" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Electric Stimulation ; Fixation, Ocular ; Frontal Lobe/*physiology ; Macaca mulatta ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Photic Stimulation ; Saccades ; Visual Cortex/*physiology ; Visual Pathways
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    The crystal structure of a sodium galactose transporter reveals mechanistic insights into Na+/sugar symport (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-07-05
    Description: Membrane transporters that use energy stored in sodium gradients to drive nutrients into cells constitute a major class of proteins. We report the crystal structure of a member of the solute sodium symporters (SSS), the Vibrio parahaemolyticus sodium/galactose symporter (vSGLT). The approximately 3.0 angstrom structure contains 14 transmembrane (TM) helices in an inward-facing conformation with a core structure of inverted repeats of 5 TM helices (TM2 to TM6 and TM7 to TM11). Galactose is bound in the center of the core, occluded from the outside solutions by hydrophobic residues. Surprisingly, the architecture of the core is similar to that of the leucine transporter (LeuT) from a different gene family. Modeling the outward-facing conformation based on the LeuT structure, in conjunction with biophysical data, provides insight into structural rearrangements for active transport.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3654663/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3654663/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Faham, Salem -- Watanabe, Akira -- Besserer, Gabriel Mercado -- Cascio, Duilio -- Specht, Alexandre -- Hirayama, Bruce A -- Wright, Ernest M -- Abramson, Jeff -- DK19567/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK44602/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM07844/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM078844/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM078844-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM078844-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM078844-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 8;321(5890):810-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1160406. Epub 2008 Jul 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1751, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18599740" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Biological Transport ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Galactose/chemistry/*metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Lipid Bilayers/chemistry ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Sodium/chemistry/*metabolism ; Sodium-Glucose Transport Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Vibrio parahaemolyticus/*chemistry/metabolism
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    Neuroscience. Refreshing connections (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-04-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Silver, R Angus -- Kanichay, Roby T -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 11;320(5873):183-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1157589.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK. a.silver@ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18403696" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Diffusion ; *Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Glutamic Acid/*metabolism ; *Neuronal Plasticity ; Rats ; Receptors, AMPA/*metabolism ; Synapses/*physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission ; Synaptic Vesicles/metabolism
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    Remeasuring the double helix (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-10-18
    Description: DNA is thought to behave as a stiff elastic rod with respect to the ubiquitous mechanical deformations inherent to its biology. To test this model at short DNA lengths, we measured the mean and variance of end-to-end length for a series of DNA double helices in solution, using small-angle x-ray scattering interference between gold nanocrystal labels. In the absence of applied tension, DNA is at least one order of magnitude softer than measured by single-molecule stretching experiments. Further, the data rule out the conventional elastic rod model. The variance in end-to-end length follows a quadratic dependence on the number of base pairs rather than the expected linear dependence, indicating that DNA stretching is cooperative over more than two turns of the DNA double helix. Our observations support the idea of long-range allosteric communication through DNA structure.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2684691/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2684691/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mathew-Fenn, Rebecca S -- Das, Rhiju -- Harbury, Pehr A B -- DP OD000429-01/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD000429-01/OD/NIH HHS/ -- GM068126-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM068126-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 17;322(5900):446-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1158881.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18927394" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Pairing ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA/*chemistry ; Gold ; Mathematics ; Metal Nanoparticles ; Models, Molecular ; *Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/chemistry ; Scattering, Small Angle ; Static Electricity ; X-Ray Diffraction
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    Modulation of gene expression via disruption of NF-kappaB signaling by a bacterial small molecule (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-06-21
    Description: The control of innate immune responses through activation of the nuclear transcription factor NF-kappaB is essential for the elimination of invading microbial pathogens. We showed that the bacterial N-(3-oxo-dodecanoyl) homoserine lactone (C12) selectively impairs the regulation of NF-kappaB functions in activated mammalian cells. The consequence is specific repression of stimulus-mediated induction of NF-kappaB-responsive genes encoding inflammatory cytokines and other immune regulators. These findings uncover a strategy by which C12-producing opportunistic pathogens, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, attenuate the innate immune system to establish and maintain local persistent infection in humans, for example, in cystic fibrosis patients.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kravchenko, Vladimir V -- Kaufmann, Gunnar F -- Mathison, John C -- Scott, David A -- Katz, Alexander Z -- Grauer, David C -- Lehmann, Mandy -- Meijler, Michael M -- Janda, Kim D -- Ulevitch, Richard J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 11;321(5886):259-63. doi: 10.1126/science.1156499. Epub 2008 Jun 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18566250" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 4-Butyrolactone/*analogs & derivatives/physiology ; Adult ; Animals ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism ; Cystic Fibrosis/microbiology ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Homoserine/*analogs & derivatives/physiology ; Humans ; I-kappa B Kinase/metabolism ; I-kappa B Proteins/metabolism ; Immunity, Innate ; Interferon-gamma/immunology ; Lipopolysaccharides/immunology ; Macrophage Activation ; Macrophages/*immunology/*metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Middle Aged ; NF-kappa B/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Pseudomonas Infections/immunology/microbiology ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/immunology/*pathogenicity/physiology ; *Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptors/metabolism ; Transcription Factor RelA/metabolism
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    A mouse model of mitochondrial disease reveals germline selection against severe mtDNA mutations (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-02-16
    Description: The majority of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations that cause human disease are mild to moderately deleterious, yet many random mtDNA mutations would be expected to be severe. To determine the fate of the more severe mtDNA mutations, we introduced mtDNAs containing two mutations that affect oxidative phosphorylation into the female mouse germ line. The severe ND6 mutation was selectively eliminated during oogenesis within four generations, whereas the milder COI mutation was retained throughout multiple generations even though the offspring consistently developed mitochondrial myopathy and cardiomyopathy. Thus, severe mtDNA mutations appear to be selectively eliminated from the female germ line, thereby minimizing their impact on population fitness.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3049809/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3049809/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fan, Weiwei -- Waymire, Katrina G -- Narula, Navneet -- Li, Peng -- Rocher, Christophe -- Coskun, Pinar E -- Vannan, Mani A -- Narula, Jagat -- Macgregor, Grant R -- Wallace, Douglas C -- AG13154/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG16573/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG24373/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- DK73691/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- HD45913/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS21328/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- U01 HD045913-01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- U01 HD045913-02/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- U01 HD045913-03/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- U01 HD045913-04/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Feb 15;319(5865):958-62. doi: 10.1126/science.1147786.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Molecular and Mitochondrial Medicine and Genetics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18276892" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cardiomyopathies/genetics/pathology ; Cell Line ; Crosses, Genetic ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics ; Electron Transport Complex I/metabolism ; Electron Transport Complex IV/*genetics/metabolism ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; Female ; Frameshift Mutation ; *Germ-Line Mutation ; Litter Size ; Male ; Mice ; Mitochondria/physiology ; Mitochondrial Myopathies/*genetics/pathology ; Mutation, Missense ; Myocardium/pathology ; NADH Dehydrogenase/*genetics ; Oocytes/*physiology ; Oogenesis ; Oxidative Phosphorylation ; Oxygen Consumption ; Point Mutation ; *Selection, Genetic
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    Adenovirus small e1a alters global patterns of histone modification (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-08-23
    Description: Adenovirus small early region 1a (e1a) protein drives cells into S phase by binding RB family proteins and the closely related histone acetyl transferases p300 and CBP. The interaction with RB proteins displaces them from DNA-bound E2F transcription factors, reversing their repression of cell cycle genes. However, it has been unclear how the e1a interaction with p300 and CBP promotes passage through the cell cycle. We show that this interaction causes a threefold reduction in total cellular histone H3 lysine 18 acetylation (H3K18ac). CBP and p300 are required for acetylation at this site because their knockdown causes specific hypoacetylation at H3K18. SV40 T antigen also induces H3K18 hypoacetylation. Because global hypoacetylation at this site is observed in prostate carcinomas with poor prognosis, this suggests that processes resulting in global H3K18 hypoacetylation may be linked to oncogenic transformation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2756290/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2756290/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Horwitz, Gregory A -- Zhang, Kangling -- McBrian, Matthew A -- Grunstein, Michael -- Kurdistani, Siavash K -- Berk, Arnold J -- CA25235/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA025235/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA025235-30/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 22;321(5892):1084-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1155544.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18719283" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Adenovirus E1A Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Adenoviruses, Human/*metabolism ; Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming/metabolism ; CREB-Binding Protein/metabolism ; *Cell Cycle ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Viral ; Cells, Cultured ; HeLa Cells ; Histones/*metabolism ; Humans ; Lysine/metabolism ; Mutation ; p300-CBP Transcription Factors/metabolism
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    Absence of the SRC-2 coactivator results in a glycogenopathy resembling Von Gierke's disease (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-11-29
    Description: Hepatic glucose production is critical for basal brain function and survival when dietary glucose is unavailable. Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) is an essential, rate-limiting enzyme that serves as a terminal gatekeeper for hepatic glucose release into the plasma. Mutations in G6Pase result in Von Gierke's disease (glycogen storage disease-1a), a potentially fatal genetic disorder. We have identified the transcriptional coactivator SRC-2 as a regulator of fasting hepatic glucose release, a function that SRC-2 performs by controlling the expression of hepatic G6Pase. SRC-2 modulates G6Pase expression directly by acting as a coactivator with the orphan nuclear receptor RORalpha. In addition, SRC-2 ablation, in both a whole-body and liver-specific manner, resulted in a Von Gierke's disease phenotype in mice. Our results position SRC-2 as a critical regulator of mammalian glucose production.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2668604/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2668604/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chopra, Atul R -- Louet, Jean-Francois -- Saha, Pradip -- An, Jie -- Demayo, Franco -- Xu, Jianming -- York, Brian -- Karpen, Saul -- Finegold, Milton -- Moore, David -- Chan, Lawrence -- Newgard, Christopher B -- O'Malley, Bert W -- DK58242/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- HL51586/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 DK059820/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P01 DK059820-08/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P01 DK58398/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P01 DK59820/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK056239/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK056239-08/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- U19 DK062434/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- U19 DK062434-07/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Nov 28;322(5906):1395-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1164847.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19039140" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Fasting ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; Glucose/*metabolism ; Glucose-6-Phosphatase/*genetics/metabolism ; Glycogen Storage Disease Type I/*genetics/metabolism ; Hepatocytes/metabolism ; Kidney/metabolism ; Liver/*metabolism ; Liver Glycogen/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 2/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA Interference ; Receptors, Retinoic Acid/metabolism ; Response Elements ; Transcription, Genetic ; Triglycerides/metabolism
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    Insights into translational termination from the structure of RF2 bound to the ribosome (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-11-08
    Description: The termination of protein synthesis occurs through the specific recognition of a stop codon in the A site of the ribosome by a release factor (RF), which then catalyzes the hydrolysis of the nascent protein chain from the P-site transfer RNA. Here we present, at a resolution of 3.5 angstroms, the crystal structure of RF2 in complex with its cognate UGA stop codon in the 70S ribosome. The structure provides insight into how RF2 specifically recognizes the stop codon; it also suggests a model for the role of a universally conserved GGQ motif in the catalysis of peptide release.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2642913/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2642913/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weixlbaumer, Albert -- Jin, Hong -- Neubauer, Cajetan -- Voorhees, Rebecca M -- Petry, Sabine -- Kelley, Ann C -- Ramakrishnan, Venki -- 082086/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- MC_U105184332/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- U.1051.04.018(78935)/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Nov 7;322(5903):953-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1164840.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18988853" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Biocatalysis ; *Codon, Terminator/chemistry/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; *Peptide Chain Termination, Translational ; Peptide Termination Factors/*chemistry/metabolism ; Peptides/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA, Bacterial/metabolism ; RNA, Transfer/metabolism ; Ribosome Subunits/chemistry/metabolism ; Ribosomes/chemistry/*metabolism ; Thermus thermophilus/*chemistry
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    Leiomodin is an actin filament nucleator in muscle cells (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-04-12
    Description: Initiation of actin polymerization in cells requires nucleation factors. Here we describe an actin-binding protein, leiomodin, that acted as a strong filament nucleator in muscle cells. Leiomodin shared two actin-binding sites with the filament pointed end-capping protein tropomodulin: a flexible N-terminal region and a leucine-rich repeat domain. Leiomodin also contained a C-terminal extension of 150 residues. The smallest fragment with strong nucleation activity included the leucine-rich repeat and C-terminal extension. The N-terminal region enhanced the nucleation activity threefold and recruited tropomyosin, which weakly stimulated nucleation and mediated localization of leiomodin to the middle of muscle sarcomeres. Knocking down leiomodin severely compromised sarcomere assembly in cultured muscle cells, which suggests a role for leiomodin in the nucleation of tropomyosin-decorated filaments in muscles.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2845909/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2845909/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chereau, David -- Boczkowska, Malgorzata -- Skwarek-Maruszewska, Aneta -- Fujiwara, Ikuko -- Hayes, David B -- Rebowski, Grzegorz -- Lappalainen, Pekka -- Pollard, Thomas D -- Dominguez, Roberto -- GM026338/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM073791/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL086655/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL086655/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL086655-01A10004/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM073791/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM073791-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 11;320(5873):239-43. doi: 10.1126/science.1155313.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Boston Biomedical Research Institute, Watertown, MA 02472, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18403713" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin Cytoskeleton/*metabolism ; Actins/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Microfilament Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muscle Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Myocytes, Cardiac/*metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA Interference ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Sarcomeres/*metabolism ; Tropomodulin/chemistry ; Tropomyosin/chemistry/metabolism
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    DNA oxidation as triggered by H3K9me2 demethylation drives estrogen-induced gene expression (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-01-12
    Description: Modifications at the N-terminal tails of nucleosomal histones are required for efficient transcription in vivo. We analyzed how H3 histone methylation and demethylation control expression of estrogen-responsive genes and show that a DNA-bound estrogen receptor directs transcription by participating in bending chromatin to contact the RNA polymerase II recruited to the promoter. This process is driven by receptor-targeted demethylation of H3 lysine 9 at both enhancer and promoter sites and is achieved by activation of resident LSD1 demethylase. Localized demethylation produces hydrogen peroxide, which modifies the surrounding DNA and recruits 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase 1 and topoisomeraseIIbeta, triggering chromatin and DNA conformational changes that are essential for estrogen-induced transcription. Our data show a strategy that uses controlled DNA damage and repair to guide productive transcription.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Perillo, Bruno -- Ombra, Maria Neve -- Bertoni, Alessandra -- Cuozzo, Concetta -- Sacchetti, Silvana -- Sasso, Annarita -- Chiariotti, Lorenzo -- Malorni, Antonio -- Abbondanza, Ciro -- Avvedimento, Enrico V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jan 11;319(5860):202-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1147674.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Istituto di Scienze dell'Alimentazione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (C.N.R.), 83100 Avellino, Italy. perillo@unina.it〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18187655" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line, Tumor ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromatin/metabolism ; DNA/*metabolism ; DNA Damage ; DNA Glycosylases/metabolism ; DNA Repair ; DNA Topoisomerases, Type II/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Estradiol/*metabolism ; Estrogen Receptor alpha/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, bcl-2 ; Guanine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Histone Demethylases ; Histones/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism ; Lysine/metabolism ; Methylation ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating/metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA Polymerase II/metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic
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    Biochemistry. An enzyme assembly line (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-09-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2936446/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2936446/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, Janet L -- Sherman, David H -- R01 DK042303/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK042303-20/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Sep 5;321(5894):1304-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1163785.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. janetsmith@umich.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18772425" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Catalytic Domain ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Evolution, Molecular ; Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Fatty Acids/biosynthesis ; Peptide Synthases/*chemistry ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Swine/*metabolism
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    Coiled-coil irregularities and instabilities in group A Streptococcus M1 are required for virulence (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-03-08
    Description: Antigenically variable M proteins are major virulence factors and immunogens of the human pathogen group A Streptococcus (GAS). Here, we report the approximately 3 angstrom resolution structure of a GAS M1 fragment containing the regions responsible for eliciting type-specific, protective immunity and for binding fibrinogen, which promotes M1 proinflammatory and antiphagocytic functions. The structure revealed substantial irregularities and instabilities throughout the coiled coil of the M1 fragment. Similar structural irregularities occur in myosin and tropomyosin, explaining the patterns of cross-reactivity seen in autoimmune sequelae of GAS infection. Sequence idealization of a large segment of the M1 coiled coil enhanced stability but diminished fibrinogen binding, proinflammatory effects, and antibody cross-reactivity, whereas it left protective immunogenicity undiminished. Idealized M proteins appear to have promise as vaccine immunogens.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2288698/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2288698/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McNamara, Case -- Zinkernagel, Annelies S -- Macheboeuf, Pauline -- Cunningham, Madeleine W -- Nizet, Victor -- Ghosh, Partho -- R01 AI048694/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI052453/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI052453-08/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21 AI071167/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21 AI071167-01A1/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM008326/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Mar 7;319(5868):1405-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1154470.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18323455" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Antibodies, Bacterial/immunology ; Antigens, Bacterial/*chemistry/genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Circular Dichroism ; Cross Reactions ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Fibrinogen/metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Repetitive Sequences, Amino Acid ; Streptococcal Infections/immunology/microbiology ; Streptococcus pyogenes/*chemistry/immunology/*pathogenicity ; Virulence
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Manipulating the metazoan mitochondrial genome with targeted restriction enzymes (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-07-26
    Description: High copy number and random segregation confound genetic analysis of the mitochondrial genome. We developed an efficient selection for heritable mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) mutations in Drosophila, thereby enhancing a metazoan model for study of mitochondrial genetics and mutations causing human mitochondrial disease. Targeting a restriction enzyme to mitochondria in the germline compromised fertility, but escaper progeny carried homoplasmic mtDNA mutations lacking the cleavage site. Among mutations eliminating a site in the cytochrome c oxidase gene, mt:CoI(A302T) was healthy, mt:CoI(R301L) was male sterile but otherwise healthy, and mt:CoI(R301S) exhibited a wide range of defects, including growth retardation, neurodegeneration, muscular atrophy, male sterility, and reduced life span. Thus, germline expression of mitochondrial restriction enzymes creates a powerful selection and has allowed direct isolation of mitochondrial mutants in a metazoan.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2754248/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2754248/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xu, Hong -- DeLuca, Steven Z -- O'Farrell, Patrick H -- R01 AI060102/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI060102-08/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM037193/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM037193-22/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM086854/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM086854-09A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 25;321(5888):575-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1160226.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158-2200, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18653897" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; DNA Restriction Enzymes/genetics/*metabolism ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics/metabolism ; Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/embryology/*genetics/growth & development/metabolism ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism ; Eye/anatomy & histology/growth & development ; Female ; Genome, Insect ; *Genome, Mitochondrial ; Infertility, Male ; Male ; Mitochondrial Diseases/genetics/metabolism ; Morphogenesis ; Muscles/ultrastructure ; Muscular Dystrophy, Animal ; *Mutation ; Spermatogenesis
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    Evolution. Who's your daddy? (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-12-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Prum, Richard O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Dec 19;322(5909):1799-800. doi: 10.1126/science.1168808.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Peabody Museum of Natural History, Post Office Box 208105, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. richard.prum@yale.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19095929" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; *Biological Evolution ; *Birds/physiology ; Clutch Size ; *Dinosaurs/physiology ; Female ; *Fossils ; Male ; *Nesting Behavior ; Paternal Behavior ; Sexual Behavior, Animal
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    NADP regulates the yeast GAL induction system (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-02-23
    Description: Transcriptional regulation of the galactose-metabolizing genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae depends on three core proteins: Gal4p, the transcriptional activator that binds to upstream activating DNA sequences (UAS(GAL)); Gal80p, a repressor that binds to the carboxyl terminus of Gal4p and inhibits transcription; and Gal3p, a cytoplasmic transducer that, upon binding galactose and adenosine 5'-triphosphate, relieves Gal80p repression. The current model of induction relies on Gal3p sequestering Gal80p in the cytoplasm. However, the rapid induction of this system implies that there is a missing factor. Our structure of Gal80p in complex with a peptide from the carboxyl-terminal activation domain of Gal4p reveals the existence of a dinucleotide that mediates the interaction between the two. Biochemical and in vivo experiments suggests that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) plays a key role in the initial induction event.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2726985/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2726985/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kumar, P Rajesh -- Yu, Yao -- Sternglanz, Rolf -- Johnston, Stephen Albert -- Joshua-Tor, Leemor -- GM074075/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM55641/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA045508/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM074075/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM074075-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Feb 22;319(5866):1090-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1151903.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY11724, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18292341" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Dimerization ; Galactokinase/metabolism ; Galactose/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ; Models, Molecular ; NADP/*metabolism ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Dynamic shifts of limited working memory resources in human vision (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-08-09
    Description: Our ability to remember what we have seen is very limited. Most current views characterize this limit as a fixed number of items-only four objects-that can be held in visual working memory. We show that visual memory capacity is not fixed by the number of objects, but rather is a limited resource that is shared out dynamically between all items in the visual scene. This resource can be shifted flexibly between objects, with allocation biased by selective attention and toward targets of upcoming eye movements. The proportion of resources allocated to each item determines the precision with which it is remembered, a relation that we show is governed by a simple power law, allowing quantitative estimates of resource distribution in a scene.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2532743/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2532743/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bays, Paul M -- Husain, Masud -- 061140/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 8;321(5890):851-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1158023.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK. p.bays@ion.ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18687968" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; *Attention ; Female ; Fixation, Ocular ; Humans ; Male ; *Memory, Short-Term ; *Mental Recall ; Models, Neurological ; *Saccades ; Vision, Ocular ; *Visual Perception
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    Ancestral monogamy shows kin selection is key to the evolution of eusociality (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-05-31
    Description: Close relatedness has long been considered crucial to the evolution of eusociality. However, it has recently been suggested that close relatedness may be a consequence, rather than a cause, of eusociality. We tested this idea with a comparative analysis of female mating frequencies in 267 species of eusocial bees, wasps, and ants. We found that mating with a single male, which maximizes relatedness, is ancestral for all eight independent eusocial lineages that we investigated. Mating with multiple males is always derived. Furthermore, we found that high polyandry (〉2 effective mates) occurs only in lineages whose workers have lost reproductive totipotency. These results provide the first evidence that monogamy was critical in the evolution of eusociality, strongly supporting the prediction of inclusive fitness theory.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hughes, William O H -- Oldroyd, Benjamin P -- Beekman, Madeleine -- Ratnieks, Francis L W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 30;320(5880):1213-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1156108.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Integrative and Comparative Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. w.o.h.hughes@leeds.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18511689" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Altruism ; Animals ; Ants ; Bees ; *Biological Evolution ; Female ; Male ; Phylogeny ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; *Social Behavior ; Sociobiology ; Wasps
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    Behavior Genetics Association. The sociable brain (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-07-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 25;321(5888):487. doi: 10.1126/science.321.5888.487a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18653860" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brain/*anatomy & histology ; Cephalometry ; Female ; *Friends ; Head/anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Male ; Organ Size ; Personality ; *Social Behavior
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    Diversity. Gender similarities characterize math performance (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-07-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hyde, Janet S -- Lindberg, Sara M -- Linn, Marcia C -- Ellis, Amy B -- Williams, Caroline C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 25;321(5888):494-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1160364.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, 1202 West Johnson Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA. jshyde@wisc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18653867" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Achievement ; Adolescent ; Aptitude ; Career Choice ; Child ; Educational Measurement ; Ethnic Groups ; Female ; Humans ; *Learning ; Male ; *Mathematics ; Problem Solving ; *Sex Characteristics
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    Science at the Olympics. Can ice vests provide a competitive chill? (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-08-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cho, Adrian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 1;321(5889):625. doi: 10.1126/science.321.5889.625a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18669830" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Athletic Performance ; *Body Temperature ; Cold Temperature ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Running
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    Ornithology. The houbara: headed for oblivion? (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-09-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Sep 12;321(5895):1441. doi: 10.1126/science.321.5895.1441.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18787147" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Migration ; Animals ; Asia ; *Birds/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Crime ; *Extinction, Biological ; Female ; Male ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction
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    Entrainment of neuronal oscillations as a mechanism of attentional selection (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-04-05
    Description: Whereas gamma-band neuronal oscillations clearly appear integral to visual attention, the role of lower-frequency oscillations is still being debated. Mounting evidence indicates that a key functional property of these oscillations is the rhythmic shifting of excitability in local neuronal ensembles. Here, we show that when attended stimuli are in a rhythmic stream, delta-band oscillations in the primary visual cortex entrain to the rhythm of the stream, resulting in increased response gain for task-relevant events and decreased reaction times. Because of hierarchical cross-frequency coupling, delta phase also determines momentary power in higher-frequency activity. These instrumental functions of low-frequency oscillations support a conceptual framework that integrates numerous earlier findings.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lakatos, Peter -- Karmos, George -- Mehta, Ashesh D -- Ulbert, Istvan -- Schroeder, Charles E -- MH060358/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 4;320(5872):110-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1154735.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cognitive Neuroscience and Schizophrenia Program, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18388295" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acoustic Stimulation ; Animals ; Attention/*physiology ; Cues ; Delta Rhythm ; Electroencephalography ; Electrophysiology ; Macaca fascicularis ; Male ; Neurons/*physiology ; Periodicity ; Photic Stimulation ; Reaction Time ; Visual Cortex/*physiology ; Visual Perception
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    Comment on "An association between the kinship and fertility of human couples" (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-12-17
    Description: Helgason et al. (Reports, 8 February 2008, p. 813) reported a positive association between kinship and fertility in the Icelandic population. We point out that the data further suggest that fertility initially increases with kinship and then decays. This is supported by another large study on the Danish population suggesting a superposition of effects of inbreeding and outbreeding depression on human fertility.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Labouriau, Rodrigo -- Amorim, Antonio -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Dec 12;322(5908):1634; author reply 1634. doi: 10.1126/science.1161907.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark. rodrigo.labouriau@agrsci.dk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19074330" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Consanguinity ; Denmark ; *Family ; *Family Characteristics ; Female ; *Fertility ; Humans ; Iceland ; Male ; Socioeconomic Factors
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    Regulation of pancreatic beta cell mass by neuronal signals from the liver (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-11-22
    Description: Metabolic regulation in mammals requires communication between multiple organs and tissues. The rise in the incidence of obesity and associated metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes, has renewed interest in interorgan communication. We used mouse models to explore the mechanism whereby obesity enhances pancreatic beta cell mass, pathophysiological compensation for insulin resistance. We found that hepatic activation of extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) signaling induced pancreatic beta cell proliferation through a neuronal-mediated relay of metabolic signals. This metabolic relay from the liver to the pancreas is involved in obesity-induced islet expansion. In mouse models of insulin-deficient diabetes, liver-selective activation of ERK signaling increased beta cell mass and normalized serum glucose levels. Thus, interorgan metabolic relay systems may serve as valuable targets in regenerative treatments for diabetes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Imai, Junta -- Katagiri, Hideki -- Yamada, Tetsuya -- Ishigaki, Yasushi -- Suzuki, Toshinobu -- Kudo, Hirohito -- Uno, Kenji -- Hasegawa, Yutaka -- Gao, Junhong -- Kaneko, Keizo -- Ishihara, Hisamitsu -- Niijima, Akira -- Nakazato, Masamitsu -- Asano, Tomoichiro -- Minokoshi, Yasuhiko -- Oka, Yoshitomo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Nov 21;322(5905):1250-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1163971.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Molecular Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19023081" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Central Nervous System/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism ; Hyperplasia ; Insulin/metabolism ; Insulin Resistance ; Insulin-Secreting Cells/*metabolism/pathology ; Liver/*metabolism ; MAP Kinase Kinase 1/*metabolism ; *MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Obesity/*metabolism ; Pancreas/innervation ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Vagus Nerve/cytology/metabolism ; Xenopus
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  • 79
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    Parasite treatment affects maternal investment in sons (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-08-09
    Description: Parasitism can be a major constraint on host condition and an important selective force. Theoretical and empirical evidence shows that maternal condition affects relative investment in sons and daughters; however, the effect of parasitism on sex ratio in vertebrates is seldom considered. We demonstrate experimentally that parasitism constrains the ability of mothers to rear sons in a long-lived seabird, the European shag Phalacrocorax aristotelis. The effect contributes to the decline in offspring survival as the breeding season progresses and hence has important population-level consequences for this, and potentially other, seasonal breeders.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reed, T E -- Daunt, F -- Hall, M E -- Phillips, R A -- Wanless, S -- Cunningham, E J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Sep 19;321(5896):1681-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1159466. Epub 2008 Aug 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK. tomreed@u.washington.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18687923" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antinematodal Agents/therapeutic use ; Ascaridida Infections/drug therapy/physiopathology/*veterinary ; Ascaridoidea ; Bird Diseases/drug therapy/*physiopathology ; Birds/*parasitology/*physiology ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Ivermectin/*therapeutic use ; Male ; *Nesting Behavior ; Reproduction ; Sex Characteristics ; *Sex Ratio ; Survival Rate
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 80
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    Modafinil shifts human locus coeruleus to low-tonic, high-phasic activity during functional MRI (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-12-17
    Description: Models of cognitive control posit a key modulatory role for the pontine locus coeruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NE) system. In nonhuman primates, phasic LC-NE activity confers adaptive adjustments in cortical gain in task-relevant brain networks, and in performance, on a trial-by-trial basis. This model has remained untested in humans. We used the pharmacological agent modafinil to promote low-tonic/high-phasic LC-NE activity in healthy humans performing a cognitive control task during event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Modafanil administration was associated with decreased task-independent, tonic LC activity, increased task-related LC and prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity, and enhanced LC-PFC functional connectivity. These results confirm in humans the role of the LC-NE system in PFC function and cognitive control and suggest a mechanism for therapeutic action of procognitive noradrenergic agents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Minzenberg, Michael J -- Watrous, Andrew J -- Yoon, Jong H -- Ursu, Stefan -- Carter, Cameron S -- MH059883/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR024146/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Dec 12;322(5908):1700-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1164908.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA. michael.minzenberg@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19074351" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Benzhydryl Compounds/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Brain Mapping ; Central Nervous System Stimulants/pharmacology ; *Cognition/drug effects ; Female ; Humans ; Locus Coeruleus/drug effects/*physiology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Neurons/drug effects/physiology ; Norepinephrine/*metabolism ; Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/antagonists & ; inhibitors/metabolism ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiology ; Task Performance and Analysis
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 81
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    Biochemistry. Dicey assemblies (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-01-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Janin, Joel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jan 11;319(5860):165-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1152930.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Yeast Structural Genomics, Institut de Biochimie et Biophysique Moleculaire et Cellulaire, Bat. 430 UMR 8619 CNRS, Universite Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France. joel.janin@u-psud.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18187645" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/genetics ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Evolution, Molecular ; Molecular Weight ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry ; Point Mutation ; Protein Conformation ; *Protein Engineering ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Subunits/*chemistry/genetics
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  • 82
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    Predicting human brain activity associated with the meanings of nouns (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-31
    Description: The question of how the human brain represents conceptual knowledge has been debated in many scientific fields. Brain imaging studies have shown that different spatial patterns of neural activation are associated with thinking about different semantic categories of pictures and words (for example, tools, buildings, and animals). We present a computational model that predicts the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) neural activation associated with words for which fMRI data are not yet available. This model is trained with a combination of data from a trillion-word text corpus and observed fMRI data associated with viewing several dozen concrete nouns. Once trained, the model predicts fMRI activation for thousands of other concrete nouns in the text corpus, with highly significant accuracies over the 60 nouns for which we currently have fMRI data.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mitchell, Tom M -- Shinkareva, Svetlana V -- Carlson, Andrew -- Chang, Kai-Min -- Malave, Vicente L -- Mason, Robert A -- Just, Marcel Adam -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 30;320(5880):1191-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1152876.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Machine Learning Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. Tom.Mitchell@cs.cmu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18511683" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Computational Biology ; Female ; Humans ; *Language ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Models, Neurological ; Models, Statistical ; Semantics ; Speech Perception/*physiology
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  • 83
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    Human CHN1 mutations hyperactivate alpha2-chimaerin and cause Duane's retraction syndrome (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-07-26
    Description: Duane's retraction syndrome (DRS) is a complex congenital eye movement disorder caused by aberrant innervation of the extraocular muscles by axons of brainstem motor neurons. Studying families with a variant form of the disorder (DURS2-DRS), we have identified causative heterozygous missense mutations in CHN1, a gene on chromosome 2q31 that encodes alpha2-chimaerin, a Rac guanosine triphosphatase-activating protein (RacGAP) signaling protein previously implicated in the pathfinding of corticospinal axons in mice. We found that these are gain-of-function mutations that increase alpha2-chimaerin RacGAP activity in vitro. Several of the mutations appeared to enhance alpha2-chimaerin translocation to the cell membrane or enhance its ability to self-associate. Expression of mutant alpha2-chimaerin constructs in chick embryos resulted in failure of oculomotor axons to innervate their target extraocular muscles. We conclude that alpha2-chimaerin has a critical developmental function in ocular motor axon pathfinding.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2593867/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2593867/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miyake, Noriko -- Chilton, John -- Psatha, Maria -- Cheng, Long -- Andrews, Caroline -- Chan, Wai-Man -- Law, Krystal -- Crosier, Moira -- Lindsay, Susan -- Cheung, Michelle -- Allen, James -- Gutowski, Nick J -- Ellard, Sian -- Young, Elizabeth -- Iannaccone, Alessandro -- Appukuttan, Binoy -- Stout, J Timothy -- Christiansen, Stephen -- Ciccarelli, Maria Laura -- Baldi, Alfonso -- Campioni, Mara -- Zenteno, Juan C -- Davenport, Dominic -- Mariani, Laura E -- Sahin, Mustafa -- Guthrie, Sarah -- Engle, Elizabeth C -- G9900837/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G9900989/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- R01 EY015298/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY015298-01/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY015298-02/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY015298-03/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY015298-04/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY015298-05/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 8;321(5890):839-43. doi: 10.1126/science.1156121. Epub 2008 Jul 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine (Genetics), Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18653847" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abducens Nerve/abnormalities ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Axons/physiology ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Chick Embryo ; Chimerin 1/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Duane Retraction Syndrome/*genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation, Missense ; Oculomotor Muscles/embryology/innervation/metabolism ; Oculomotor Nerve/abnormalities/embryology ; Pedigree
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    De novo computational design of retro-aldol enzymes (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-03-08
    Description: The creation of enzymes capable of catalyzing any desired chemical reaction is a grand challenge for computational protein design. Using new algorithms that rely on hashing techniques to construct active sites for multistep reactions, we designed retro-aldolases that use four different catalytic motifs to catalyze the breaking of a carbon-carbon bond in a nonnatural substrate. Of the 72 designs that were experimentally characterized, 32, spanning a range of protein folds, had detectable retro-aldolase activity. Designs that used an explicit water molecule to mediate proton shuffling were significantly more successful, with rate accelerations of up to four orders of magnitude and multiple turnovers, than those involving charged side-chain networks. The atomic accuracy of the design process was confirmed by the x-ray crystal structure of active designs embedded in two protein scaffolds, both of which were nearly superimposable on the design model.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3431203/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3431203/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jiang, Lin -- Althoff, Eric A -- Clemente, Fernando R -- Doyle, Lindsey -- Rothlisberger, Daniela -- Zanghellini, Alexandre -- Gallaher, Jasmine L -- Betker, Jamie L -- Tanaka, Fujie -- Barbas, Carlos F 3rd -- Hilvert, Donald -- Houk, Kendall N -- Stoddard, Barry L -- Baker, David -- R01 CA097328/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM049857/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Mar 7;319(5868):1387-91. doi: 10.1126/science.1152692.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18323453" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aldehyde-Lyases/*chemistry/metabolism ; *Algorithms ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Catalytic Domain ; Computer Simulation ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Kinetics ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Engineering
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    Genetics. Functionally degenerate--Y not so? (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-01-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rice, William R -- Friberg, Urban -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jan 4;319(5859):42-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1153482.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. rice@lifesci.ucsb.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18174425" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Silencing ; Genes, Insect ; Male ; Mutation ; Selection, Genetic ; Y Chromosome/*genetics
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  • 86
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    Patches with links: a unified system for processing faces in the macaque temporal lobe (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-06-07
    Description: The brain processes objects through a series of regions along the ventral visual pathway, but the circuitry subserving the analysis of specific complex forms remains unknown. One complex form category, faces, selectively activates six patches of cortex in the macaque ventral pathway. To identify the connectivity of these face patches, we used electrical microstimulation combined with simultaneous functional magnetic resonance imaging. Stimulation of each of four targeted face patches produced strong activation, specifically within a subset of the other face patches. Stimulation outside the face patches produced an activation pattern that spared the face patches. These results suggest that the face patches form a strongly and specifically interconnected hierarchical network.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moeller, Sebastian -- Freiwald, Winrich A -- Tsao, Doris Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jun 6;320(5881):1355-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1157436.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Brain Research and Center for Advanced Imaging, University of Bremen, Post Office Box 330440, D-28334 Bremen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18535247" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Electric Stimulation ; Electrophysiology ; *Face ; *Form Perception ; Macaca mulatta ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Pattern Recognition, Visual ; Photic Stimulation ; Recognition (Psychology) ; Temporal Lobe/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Visual Pathways
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  • 87
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    Maternal alloantigens promote the development of tolerogenic fetal regulatory T cells in utero (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-12-06
    Description: As the immune system develops, T cells are selected or regulated to become tolerant of self antigens and reactive against foreign antigens. In mice, the induction of such tolerance is thought to be attributable to the deletion of self-reactive cells. Here, we show that the human fetal immune system takes advantage of an additional mechanism: the generation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) that suppress fetal immune responses. We find that substantial numbers of maternal cells cross the placenta to reside in fetal lymph nodes, inducing the development of CD4+CD25highFoxP3+ Tregs that suppress fetal antimaternal immunity and persist at least until early adulthood. These findings reveal a form of antigen-specific tolerance in humans, induced in utero and probably active in regulating immune responses after birth.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2648820/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2648820/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mold, Jeff E -- Michaelsson, Jakob -- Burt, Trevor D -- Muench, Marcus O -- Beckerman, Karen P -- Busch, Michael P -- Lee, Tzong-Hae -- Nixon, Douglas F -- McCune, Joseph M -- AI40312/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI68498/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD000329/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD000329-01/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD000329-02/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD000329-03/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD000329-04/OD/NIH HHS/ -- HD00850/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HL083388/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- OD000329/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL083388/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL083388-02/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI040312/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI040312-09/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI040312-10/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI040312-11/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI040312-12/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI040312-13/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- RR024131/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Dec 5;322(5907):1562-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1164511.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19056990" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Child ; Chimerism ; Female ; Fetus/*immunology ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; *Immune Tolerance ; Isoantigens/*immunology ; Lymph Nodes/cytology/*immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; *Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Pregnancy ; Self Tolerance ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/*immunology ; Thymus Gland/immunology ; Transforming Growth Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factors/genetics/metabolism
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    Polycomb proteins targeted by a short repeat RNA to the mouse X chromosome (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-11-01
    Description: To equalize X-chromosome dosages between the sexes, the female mammal inactivates one of her two X chromosomes. X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) is initiated by expression of Xist, a 17-kb noncoding RNA (ncRNA) that accumulates on the X in cis. Because interacting factors have not been isolated, the mechanism by which Xist induces silencing remains unknown. We discovered a 1.6-kilobase ncRNA (RepA) within Xist and identified the Polycomb complex, PRC2, as its direct target. PRC2 is initially recruited to the X by RepA RNA, with Ezh2 serving as the RNA binding subunit. The antisense Tsix RNA inhibits this interaction. RepA depletion abolishes full-length Xist induction and trimethylation on lysine 27 of histone H3 of the X. Likewise, PRC2 deficiency compromises Xist up-regulation. Therefore, RepA, together with PRC2, is required for the initiation and spread of XCI. We conclude that a ncRNA cofactor recruits Polycomb complexes to their target locus.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2748911/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2748911/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhao, Jing -- Sun, Bryan K -- Erwin, Jennifer A -- Song, Ji-Joon -- Lee, Jeannie T -- R01 GM058839/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM058839-10/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM110090/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM58839/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 31;322(5902):750-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1163045.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18974356" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polycomb-Group Proteins ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; RNA, Untranslated/genetics/*metabolism ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Repressor Proteins/*metabolism ; Up-Regulation ; X Chromosome/*metabolism ; X Chromosome Inactivation
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    The long-run benefits of punishment (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-12-06
    Description: Experiments have shown that punishment enhances socially beneficial cooperation but that the costs of punishment outweigh the gains from cooperation. This challenges evolutionary models of altruistic cooperation and punishment, which predict that punishment will be beneficial. We compared 10- and 50-period cooperation experiments. With the longer time horizon, punishment is unambiguously beneficial.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gachter, Simon -- Renner, Elke -- Sefton, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Dec 5;322(5907):1510. doi: 10.1126/science.1164744.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Decision Research and Experimental Economics, University of Nottingham, School of Economics, Sir Clive Granger Building, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK. simon.gaechter@nottingham.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19056978" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Cooperative Behavior ; Female ; Games, Experimental ; Humans ; Male ; *Punishment ; Young Adult
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  • 90
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    Early forebrain wiring: genetic dissection using conditional Celsr3 mutant mice (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-05-20
    Description: Development of axonal tracts requires interactions between growth cones and the environment. Tracts such as the anterior commissure and internal capsule are defective in mice with null mutation of Celsr3. We generated a conditional Celsr3 allele, allowing regional inactivation. Inactivation in telencephalon, ventral forebrain, or cortex demonstrated essential roles for Celsr3 in neurons that project axons to the anterior commissure and subcerebral targets, as well as in cells that guide axons through the internal capsule. When Celsr3 was inactivated in cortex, subcerebral projections failed to grow, yet corticothalamic axons developed normally, indicating that besides guidepost cells, additional Celsr3-independent cues can assist their progression. These observations provide in vivo evidence that Celsr3-mediated interactions between axons and guidepost cells govern axonal tract formation in mammals.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2746700/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2746700/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhou, Libing -- Bar, Isabelle -- Achouri, Younes -- Campbell, Kenneth -- De Backer, Olivier -- Hebert, Jean M -- Jones, Kevin -- Kessaris, Nicoletta -- de Rouvroit, Catherine Lambert -- O'Leary, Dennis -- Richardson, William D -- Goffinet, Andre M -- Tissir, Fadel -- G0501173/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0800575/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G9708005/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- R01 MH086147/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH086147-05/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R37 NS031558/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R37 NS031558-15/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 16;320(5878):946-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1155244.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Developmental Neurobiology, Universite Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgique.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18487195" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/*physiology ; Cadherins/*genetics/*physiology ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology/embryology ; Female ; Gene Silencing ; Internal Capsule/cytology/embryology/physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Neural Pathways/*embryology/physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Prosencephalon/cytology/*embryology/physiology ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*genetics/*physiology ; Septal Nuclei/embryology/physiology ; Thalamus/cytology/embryology ; Tissue Culture Techniques
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Biochemistry. How enzymes work (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-06-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ringe, Dagmar -- Petsko, Gregory A -- R37 GM032415/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jun 13;320(5882):1428-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1159747.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA. petsko@brandeis.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18556536" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Catalysis ; Catalytic Domain ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Enzymes/chemistry/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Muramidase/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Substrate Specificity
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  • 92
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    Automatic mental associations predict future choices of undecided decision-makers (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-08-23
    Description: Common wisdom holds that choice decisions are based on conscious deliberations of the available information about choice options. On the basis of recent insights about unconscious influences on information processing, we tested whether automatic mental associations of undecided individuals bias future choices in a manner such that these choices reflect the evaluations implied by earlier automatic associations. With the use of a computer-based, speeded categorization task to assess automatic mental associations (i.e., associations that are activated unintentionally, difficult to control, and not necessarily endorsed at a conscious level) and self-report measures to assess consciously endorsed beliefs and choice preferences, automatic associations of undecided participants predicted changes in consciously reported beliefs and future choices over a period of 1 week. Conversely, for decided participants, consciously reported beliefs predicted changes in automatic associations and future choices over the same period. These results indicate that decision-makers sometimes have already made up their mind at an unconscious level, even when they consciously indicate that they are still undecided.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Galdi, Silvia -- Arcuri, Luciano -- Gawronski, Bertram -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 22;321(5892):1100-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1160769.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy. silvia.galdi@unipd.it〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18719288" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Attitude ; *Choice Behavior ; Culture ; *Decision Making ; Female ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; *Mental Processes ; Middle Aged ; Politics ; *Unconscious (Psychology)
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    Reward-predictive cues enhance excitatory synaptic strength onto midbrain dopamine neurons (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-09-20
    Description: Using sensory information for the prediction of future events is essential for survival. Midbrain dopamine neurons are activated by environmental cues that predict rewards, but the cellular mechanisms that underlie this phenomenon remain elusive. We used in vivo voltammetry and in vitro patch-clamp electrophysiology to show that both dopamine release to reward predictive cues and enhanced synaptic strength onto dopamine neurons develop over the course of cue-reward learning. Increased synaptic strength was not observed after stable behavioral responding. Thus, enhanced synaptic strength onto dopamine neurons may act to facilitate the transformation of neutral environmental stimuli to salient reward-predictive cues.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2613864/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2613864/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stuber, Garret D -- Klanker, Marianne -- de Ridder, Bram -- Bowers, M Scott -- Joosten, Ruud N -- Feenstra, Matthijs G -- Bonci, Antonello -- DA015096/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA021937/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA015096/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA015096-06/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Sep 19;321(5896):1690-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1160873.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18802002" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Cues ; Dopamine/*physiology ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; *Learning ; Long-Term Potentiation ; Male ; Mesencephalon/cytology/*physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Nucleus Accumbens/*physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Rats ; Receptors, AMPA/metabolism ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism ; *Reward ; Signal Transduction ; Synapses/*physiology ; Synaptic Transmission
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  • 94
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    Segregation of axial motor and sensory pathways via heterotypic trans-axonal signaling (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-04-12
    Description: Execution of motor behaviors relies on circuitries effectively integrating immediate sensory feedback to efferent pathways controlling muscle activity. It remains unclear how, during neuromuscular circuit assembly, sensory and motor projections become incorporated into tightly coordinated, yet functionally separate pathways. We report that, within axial nerves, establishment of discrete afferent and efferent pathways depends on coordinate signaling between coextending sensory and motor projections. These heterotypic axon-axon interactions require motor axonal EphA3/EphA4 receptor tyrosine kinases activated by cognate sensory axonal ephrin-A ligands. Genetic elimination of trans-axonal ephrin-A --〉 EphA signaling in mice triggers drastic motor-sensory miswiring, culminating in functional efferents within proximal afferent pathways. Effective assembly of a key circuit underlying motor behaviors thus critically depends on trans-axonal signaling interactions resolving motor and sensory projections into discrete pathways.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3158657/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3158657/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gallarda, Benjamin W -- Bonanomi, Dario -- Muller, Daniel -- Brown, Arthur -- Alaynick, William A -- Andrews, Shane E -- Lemke, Greg -- Pfaff, Samuel L -- Marquardt, Till -- NS031249-14A1/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS054172-01A2/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS054172/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS054172-01A2/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS054172-02/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS054172-03/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS054172-04/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS054172-05/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 11;320(5873):233-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1153758.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18403711" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Afferent Pathways/physiology ; Animals ; Axons/*physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Coculture Techniques ; Efferent Pathways/physiology ; Electrophysiology ; Ephrins/*metabolism ; Ganglia, Spinal/cytology/physiology ; Growth Cones/physiology ; Ligands ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Motor Activity ; Motor Neurons/*physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal/innervation ; Mutation ; Neurons, Afferent/*physiology ; Peripheral Nerves/cytology/physiology ; Receptor, EphA3/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptor, EphA4/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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    The high-affinity E. coli methionine ABC transporter: structure and allosteric regulation (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-07-16
    Description: The crystal structure of the high-affinity Escherichia coli MetNI methionine uptake transporter, a member of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) family, has been solved to 3.7 angstrom resolution. The overall architecture of MetNI reveals two copies of the adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) MetN in complex with two copies of the transmembrane domain MetI, with the transporter adopting an inward-facing conformation exhibiting widely separated nucleotide binding domains. Each MetI subunit is organized around a core of five transmembrane helices that correspond to a subset of the helices observed in the larger membrane-spanning subunits of the molybdate (ModBC) and maltose (MalFGK) ABC transporters. In addition to the conserved nucleotide binding domain of the ABC family, MetN contains a carboxyl-terminal extension with a ferredoxin-like fold previously assigned to a conserved family of regulatory ligand-binding domains. These domains separate the nucleotide binding domains and would interfere with their association required for ATP binding and hydrolysis. Methionine binds to the dimerized carboxyl-terminal domain and is shown to inhibit ATPase activity. These observations are consistent with an allosteric regulatory mechanism operating at the level of transport activity, where increased intracellular levels of the transported ligand stabilize an inward-facing, ATPase-inactive state of MetNI to inhibit further ligand translocation into the cell.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2527972/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2527972/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kadaba, Neena S -- Kaiser, Jens T -- Johnson, Eric -- Lee, Allen -- Rees, Douglas C -- GM45162/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM045162/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM045162-18/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 11;321(5886):250-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1157987.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Mail Code 114-96, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18621668" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/*chemistry/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphatases/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Allosteric Regulation ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Escherichia coli Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Membrane Transport Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Methionine/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits/chemistry/metabolism
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    Conservation biology. Into the wild: reintroduced animals face daunting odds (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-05-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morell, Virginia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 9;320(5877):742-3. doi: 10.1126/science.320.5877.742.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18467568" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Female ; Male ; Population Dynamics
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    Endothelial progenitor cells control the angiogenic switch in mouse lung metastasis (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-01-12
    Description: Angiogenesis-mediated progression of micrometastasis to lethal macrometastasis is the major cause of death in cancer patients. Here, using mouse models of pulmonary metastasis, we identify bone marrow (BM)-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) as critical regulators of this angiogenic switch. We show that tumors induce expression of the transcription factor Id1 in the EPCs and that suppression of Id1 after metastatic colonization blocked EPC mobilization, caused angiogenesis inhibition, impaired pulmonary macrometastases, and increased survival of tumor-bearing animals. These findings establish the role of EPCs in metastatic progression in preclinical models and suggest that selective targeting of EPCs may merit investigation as a therapy for cancer patients with lung metastases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gao, Dingcheng -- Nolan, Daniel J -- Mellick, Albert S -- Bambino, Kathryn -- McDonnell, Kevin -- Mittal, Vivek -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jan 11;319(5860):195-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1150224.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Genome Research Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18187653" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells/cytology/physiology ; Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/*blood supply/pathology/*secondary ; Disease Progression ; Endothelial Cells/cytology/*physiology ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1/genetics/metabolism ; Lung Neoplasms/blood supply/pathology/*secondary ; Male ; Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/blood supply/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neoplasm Metastasis/*pathology ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; *Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Stem Cells/cytology/*physiology
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    Biochemistry. Opening the molecular floodgates (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-08-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gandhi, Chris S -- Rees, Douglas C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 29;321(5893):1166-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1162963.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18755963" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution ; Cell Membrane/*chemistry/physiology ; *Cell Membrane Permeability ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Escherichia coli/*chemistry/physiology ; Escherichia coli Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; *Ion Channel Gating ; Ion Channels/*chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; Lipid Bilayers ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary
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    Midbody targeting of the ESCRT machinery by a noncanonical coiled coil in CEP55 (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-10-25
    Description: The ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) machinery is required for the scission of membrane necks in processes including the budding of HIV-1 and cytokinesis. An essential step in cytokinesis is recruitment of the ESCRT-I complex and the ESCRT-associated protein ALIX to the midbody (the structure that tethers two daughter cells) by the protein CEP55. Biochemical experiments show that peptides from ALIX and the ESCRT-I subunit TSG101 compete for binding to the ESCRT and ALIX-binding region (EABR) of CEP55. We solved the crystal structure of EABR bound to an ALIX peptide at a resolution of 2.0 angstroms. The structure shows that EABR forms an aberrant dimeric parallel coiled coil. Bulky and charged residues at the interface of the two central heptad repeats create asymmetry and a single binding site for an ALIX or TSG101 peptide. Both ALIX and ESCRT-I are required for cytokinesis, which suggests that multiple CEP55 dimers are required for function.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2720046/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2720046/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, Hyung Ho -- Elia, Natalie -- Ghirlando, Rodolfo -- Lippincott-Schwartz, Jennifer -- Hurley, James H -- Z01 DK036125-01/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 24;322(5901):576-80. doi: 10.1126/science.1162042.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18948538" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Cellular Structures/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; *Cytokinesis ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Dimerization ; Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport ; Endosomes/metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Models, Biological ; Models, Molecular ; Nuclear Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Peptide Fragments/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/metabolism ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Episodic-like memory in rats: is it based on when or how long ago? (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-04-05
    Description: Recent experiments with rats suggest that they show episodic-like or what-where-when memory for a preferred food found on a radial maze. Although memory for when a salient event occurred suggests that rats can mentally travel in time to a moment in the past, an alternative possibility is that they remember how long ago the food was found. Three groups of rats were tested for memory of previously encountered food. The different groups could use only the cues of when, how long ago, or when + how long ago. Only the cue of how long ago food was encountered was used successfully. These results suggest that episodic-like memory in rats is qualitatively different from human episodic memory.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, William A -- Feeney, Miranda C -- Macpherson, Krista -- Petter, Mark -- McMillan, Neil -- Musolino, Evanya -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 4;320(5872):113-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1152709.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C2, Canada. roberts@uwo.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18388296" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cues ; Male ; Maze Learning ; *Memory ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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