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  • 1
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    Hidden from view: coupled dark sector physics and small scales (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-16
    Description: We study cluster mass dark matter (DM) haloes, their progenitors and surroundings in a coupled dark matter–dark energy (DE) model and compare it to quintessence and cold dark matter (CDM) models with adiabatic zoom simulations. When comparing cosmologies with different expansions histories, growth functions and power spectra, care must be taken to identify unambiguous signatures of alternative cosmologies. Shared cosmological parameters, such as 8 , need not be the same for optimal fits to observational data. We choose to set our parameters to CDM z = 0 values. We find that in coupled models, where DM decays into DE, haloes appear remarkably similar to CDM haloes despite DM experiencing an additional frictional force. Density profiles are not systematically different and the subhalo populations have similar mass, spin, and spatial distributions, although (sub)haloes are less concentrated on average in coupled cosmologies. However, given the scatter in related observables ( $V_{\rm max},R_{V_{\rm max}}$ ), this difference is unlikely to distinguish between coupled and uncoupled DM. Observations of satellites of Milky Way and M31 indicate a significant subpopulation reside in a plane. Coupled models do produce planar arrangements of satellites of higher statistical significance than CDM models; however, in all models these planes are dynamically unstable. In general, the non-linear dynamics within and near large haloes masks the effects of a coupled dark sector. The sole environmental signature we find is that small haloes residing in the outskirts are more deficient in baryons than their CDM counterparts. The lack of a pronounced signal for a coupled dark sector strongly suggests that such a phenomena would be effectively hidden from view.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    Stoichiometric requirements for trapping and gating of Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels by stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) [Physiology] (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-10
    Description: Store-operated Ca2+ entry depends critically on physical interactions of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ sensor stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and the Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channel protein Orai1. Recent studies support a diffusion-trap mechanism in which ER Ca2+ depletion causes STIM1 to accumulate at ER-plasma membrane (PM) junctions, where it binds to Orai1, trapping and activating mobile CRAC channels in the overlying PM. To determine the stoichiometric requirements for CRAC channel trapping and activation, we expressed mCherry-STIM1 and Orai1-GFP at varying ratios in HEK cells and quantified CRAC current (ICRAC) activation and the STIM1:Orai1 ratio at ER-PM junctions after store depletion. By competing for a limited amount of STIM1, high levels of Orai1 reduced the junctional STIM1:Orai1 ratio to a lower limit of 0.3–0.6, indicating that binding of one to two STIM1s is sufficient to immobilize the tetrameric CRAC channel at ER-PM junctions. In cells expressing a constant amount of STIM1, CRAC current was a highly nonlinear bell-shaped function of Orai1 expression and the minimum stoichiometry for channel trapping failed to evoke significant activation. Peak current occurred at a ratio of ∼2 STIM1:Orai1, suggesting that maximal CRAC channel activity requires binding of eight STIM1s to each channel. Further increases in Orai1 caused channel activity and fast Ca2+-dependent inactivation to decline in parallel. The data are well described by a model in which STIM1 binds to Orai1 with negative cooperativity and channels open with positive cooperativity as a result of stabilization of the open state by STIM1.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 3
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    Molecular architecture of the "stressosome," a signal integration and transduction hub (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-10-04
    Description: A commonly used strategy by microorganisms to survive multiple stresses involves a signal transduction cascade that increases the expression of stress-responsive genes. Stress signals can be integrated by a multiprotein signaling hub that responds to various signals to effect a single outcome. We obtained a medium-resolution cryo-electron microscopy reconstruction of the 1.8-megadalton "stressosome" from Bacillus subtilis. Fitting known crystal structures of components into this reconstruction gave a pseudoatomic structure, which had a virus capsid-like core with sensory extensions. We suggest that the different sensory extensions respond to different signals, whereas the conserved domains in the core integrate the varied signals. The architecture of the stressosome provides the potential for cooperativity, suggesting that the response could be tuned dependent on the magnitude of chemophysical insult.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marles-Wright, Jon -- Grant, Tim -- Delumeau, Olivier -- van Duinen, Gijs -- Firbank, Susan J -- Lewis, Peter J -- Murray, James W -- Newman, Joseph A -- Quin, Maureen B -- Race, Paul R -- Rohou, Alexis -- Tichelaar, Willem -- van Heel, Marin -- Lewis, Richard J -- BB/D000521/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/F001533/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 3;322(5898):92-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1159572.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18832644" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacillus subtilis/*chemistry/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Models, Biological ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multiprotein Complexes/*chemistry/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Phosphoproteins/*chemistry/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*chemistry/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Sigma Factor/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Gravitational lensing in WDM cosmologies: the cross-section for giant arcs (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-17
    Description: The nature of the dark sector of the Universe remains one of the outstanding problems in modern cosmology, with the search for new observational probes guiding the development of the next generation of observational facilities. Clues come from tension between the predictions from cold dark matter (CDM) and observations of gravitationally lensed galaxies. Previous studies showed that galaxy clusters in the CDM are not strong enough to reproduce the observed number of lensed arcs. This work aims to constrain the warm dark matter (WDM) cosmologies by means of the lensing efficiency of galaxy clusters drawn from these alternative models. The lensing characteristics of two samples of simulated clusters in the warm dark matter and CDM cosmologies have been studied. The results show that even though the cold dark matter (CDM) clusters are more centrally concentrated and contain more substructures, the WDM clusters have slightly higher lensing efficiency than their CDM counterparts. The key difference is that WDM clusters have more extended and more massive subhaloes than CDM analogues. These massive substructures significantly stretch the critical lines and caustics and hence they boost the lensing efficiency of the host halo. Despite the increase in the lensing efficiency due to the contribution of massive substructures in the WDM clusters, this is not enough to resolve the arc statistics problem.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNA Immunization with Bovine Herpesvirus-1 Genes (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 772 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb44731.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protein–nucleoside contacts in the interaction between the replication terminator protein of Bacillus subtilis and the DNA terminator (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 10 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The interaction between the DNA replication terminator, IRI, of Bacillus subtilis and its cognate replication terminator protein (RTP) has been examined by the technique of missing nucleoside interference (MNI). IRI contains two adjacent binding sites (A and B) for RTP dimers. The B site is proximal to the replication fork arrest site. The present results have shown that nucleoside contacts with RTP in the two sites are very different. There are more extensive contacts of nucleosides in both strands of the B site with RTP compared with the A site. The data also strongly suggest that filling by RTP of the B site occurs first and is needed for subsequent co-operative filling of an overlapping A site. The A site alone binds RTP poorly. The findings are consistent with interaction occurring between RTP dimers bound to adjacent sites of IRI, which would explain why RTP bound to the B site alone cannot cause replication fork arrest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb00947.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Successive annual applications of organic manures for cut grass: short-term observations on utilization of manure nitrogen (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Grass and forage science 57 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The recovery of nitrogen (N) from, and the fertilizer-N value of, low dry-matter (DM) cattle slurry and farm yard manure (FYM), applied annually to perennial ryegrass swards grown at two sites, on sandy loam and shallow calcareous silty clay loam soils, were studied over a 4-year period. Slurry or FYM, applied at target rates of either 150 kg N ha−1 or 300 kg N ha−1 in either October, February or May/June, in combination with 150 kg N ha−1 inorganic fertilizer-N (applied as split dressings before the first and second grass cut), were compared with a set of inorganic fertilizer-N response treatments. DM yield, N offtake, apparent manure-N recovery (in herbage) and manure-N efficiency (compared with inorganic fertilizer-N) were determined at two silage cuts each summer. Soil mineral nitrogen (SMN) measurements in autumn and spring were used to assess potential N leaching loss over winter and to quantify available N residues in the soil in spring. Apparent manure-N recovery and manure-N efficiency were usually greater from slurry applications in February than from those in October, but the timing of the application of FYM had a much smaller effect, compared with the timings of the application of slurry, on the utilization of N from manure by grass. Spring assessment of SMN was useful in quantifying available N residues from October slurry applications. Manure-N recovery for all application timings was, on average, higher from the sandy loam than the shallow calcareous clay loam. The application of slurry to grass in early spring, at a rate of 150 kg total N ha−1, with the addition of a supplementary 50 kg inorganic fertilizer-N ha−1, was the most suitable strategy for utilizing slurry-N effectively and for supplying the N requirement for first-cut silage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2494.2002.00317.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of digitized video microscopy with a fluorogenic enzyme substrate to demonstrate cell- and compartment-specific gene expression in Salmonella enteritidis and Bacillus subtilis (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 13 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A rapid and sensitive method for detection of cell- and compartment-specific gene expression in individual cells of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive microorganisms is described. The method combines the use of gene fusions to lacZ, and a fluorogenic β-galactosidase substrate, fluorescein-di-(β-d-galactopyranoside), with digitized video microscopy. All of the reporter constructs tested were successfully detected. Secondary staining of the cells with a nucleic acid-specific dye, propidium iodide, allowed cells devoid of nucleic acid to be identified, while cell nucleoid shape and the morphological stage of development could be correlated with the location of β-galactosidase activity. The double-staining procedure was used to show that gene expression can be induced in non-culturable cells of Salmonella enteritidis produced by carbon/nitrogen starvation. The resolution was sufficient to distinguish between cells at different morphological stages of sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. This highly sensitive and rapid method may have many other applications in basic and applied microbiology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb00459.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A device for intracerebroventricular injections in the conscious rabbit (1975)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 31 (1975), S. 997-998 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Konstruktion und der Gebrauch einer Vorrichtung zur Injektion von Substanzen in den lateralen, cerebralen Ventrikel von wachen Kaninchen wird beschrieben.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358901
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduction in sympathetic nervous activity as a mechanism for hypotensive effect of propranolol (1975)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 256 (1975), S. 440-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Electrodes were implanted in the greater splanchnic nerve of rabbits weighing 3-4 kg (ref. 9). After a recovery period of at least 4 d a catheter was inserted under local anaesthesia into the central artery of an ear and used for measurement of blood pressure. Another catheter was inserted into the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/256440a0
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