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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2001-09-08
    Description: Recently we reported that antibodies can generate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) from singlet molecular oxygen (1O2*). We now show that this process is catalytic, and we identify the electron source for a quasi-unlimited generation of H2O2. Antibodies produce up to 500 mole equivalents of H2O2 from 1O2*, without a reduction in rate, and we have excluded metals or Cl- as the electron source. On the basis of isotope incorporation experiments and kinetic data, we propose that antibodies use H2O as an electron source, facilitating its addition to 1O2* to form H2O3 as the first intermediate in a reaction cascade that eventually leads to H2O2. X-ray crystallographic studies with xenon point to putative conserved oxygen binding sites within the antibody fold where this chemistry could be initiated. Our findings suggest a protective function of immunoglobulins against 1O2* and raise the question of whether the need to detoxify 1O2* has played a decisive role in the evolution of the immunoglobulin fold.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wentworth , P Jr -- Jones, L H -- Wentworth, A D -- Zhu, X -- Larsen, N A -- Wilson, I A -- Xu, X -- Goddard , W A 3rd -- Janda, K D -- Eschenmoser, A -- Lerner, R A -- CA27489/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM43858/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD 36385/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 7;293(5536):1806-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11546867" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Catalytic/chemistry/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Conserved Sequence ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Models, Molecular ; Oxidants/chemistry/*metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Singlet Oxygen ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Thermodynamics ; Tryptophan/metabolism ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Water/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Xenon/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2000-03-31
    Description: Messenger RNA levels were measured in actively dividing fibroblasts isolated from young, middle-age, and old-age humans and humans with progeria, a rare genetic disorder characterized by accelerated aging. Genes whose expression is associated with age-related phenotypes and diseases were identified. The data also suggest that an underlying mechanism of the aging process involves increasing errors in the mitotic machinery of dividing cells in the postreproductive stage of life. We propose that this dysfunction leads to chromosomal pathologies that result in misregulation of genes involved in the aging process.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ly, D H -- Lockhart, D J -- Lerner, R A -- Schultz, P G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 31;287(5462):2486-92.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10741968" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aging/*genetics/pathology ; Biochemical Phenomena ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/ultrastructure ; Child ; Chromosome Segregation/genetics ; Disease/etiology ; Extracellular Matrix/metabolism ; Female ; Fibroblasts/cytology/*metabolism ; *Gene Expression Profiling ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Mitosis/genetics ; Mutation ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Phenotype ; Progeria/*genetics/pathology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Spindle Apparatus/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2000-10-13
    Description: The forte of catalytic antibodies has resided in the control of the ground-state reaction coordinate. A principle and method are now described in which antibodies can direct the outcome of photophysical and photochemical events that take place on excited-state potential energy surfaces. The key component is a chemically reactive optical sensor that provides a direct report of the dynamic interplay between protein and ligand at the active site. To illustrate the concept, we used a trans-stilbene hapten to elicit a panel of monoclonal antibodies that displayed a range of fluorescent spectral behavior when bound to a trans-stilbene substrate. Several antibodies yielded a blue fluorescence indicative of an excited-state complex or "exciplex" between trans-stilbene and the antibody. The antibodies controlled the isomerization coordinate of trans-stilbene and dynamically coupled this manifold with an active-site residue. A step was taken toward the use of antibody-based photochemical sensors for diagnostic and clinical applications.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Simeonov, A -- Matsushita, M -- Juban, E A -- Thompson, E H -- Hoffman, T Z -- Beuscher, A E 4th -- Taylor, M J -- Wirsching, P -- Rettig, W -- McCusker, J K -- Stevens, R C -- Millar, D P -- Schultz, P G -- Lerner, R A -- Janda, K D -- AI39089/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM43858/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01CA27489/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 13;290(5490):307-13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11030644" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibodies, Catalytic/*chemistry ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*chemistry ; Binding Sites ; Binding Sites, Antibody ; Chemistry, Physical ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; *Fluorescence ; Haptens ; Ligands ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Models, Chemical ; Models, Molecular ; Photochemistry ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence ; Stereoisomerism ; Stilbenes/*chemistry/*immunology ; Temperature ; Ultraviolet Rays
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1997-02-14
    Description: For the past decade the immune system has been exploited as a rich source of de novo catalysts. Catalytic antibodies have been shown to have chemoselectivity, enantioselectivity, large rate accelerations, and even an ability to reroute chemical reactions. In many instances catalysts have been made for reactions for which there are no known natural or man-made enzymes. Yet, the full power of this combinatorial system can only be exploited if there was a system that allows for the direct selection of a particular function. A method that allows for the direct chemical selection for catalysis from antibody libraries was so devised, whereby the positive aspects of hybridoma technology were preserved and re-formatted in the filamentous phage system to allow direct selection of catalysis. This methodology is based on a purely chemical selection process, making it more general than biologically based selection systems because it is not limited to reaction products that perturb cellular machinery.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Janda, K D -- Lo, L C -- Lo, C H -- Sim, M M -- Wang, R -- Wong, C H -- Lerner, R A -- GM-43858/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-44154/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Feb 14;275(5302):945-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9020070" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antibodies, Catalytic/genetics/metabolism ; Catalysis ; Cloning, Molecular ; Coliphages ; Dithiothreitol ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Escherichia coli/genetics/metabolism ; Galactosides/metabolism ; Haptens ; Hybridomas ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/genetics/metabolism ; Indoles/metabolism ; Isopropyl Thiogalactoside/metabolism ; Mice ; Nitrophenylgalactosides/metabolism ; *Peptide Library ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Serum Albumin, Bovine ; Transformation, Bacterial ; beta-Galactosidase/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1989-12-08
    Description: A novel bacteriophage lambda vector system was used to express in Escherichia coli a combinatorial library of Fab fragments of the mouse antibody repertoire. The system allows rapid and easy identification of monoclonal Fab fragments in a form suitable for genetic manipulation. It was possible to generate, in 2 weeks, large numbers of monoclonal Fab fragments against a transition state analog hapten. The methods described may supersede present-day hybridoma technology and facilitate the production of catalytic and other antibodies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huse, W D -- Sastry, L -- Iverson, S A -- Kang, A S -- Alting-Mees, M -- Burton, D R -- Benkovic, S J -- Lerner, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Dec 8;246(4935):1275-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2531466" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Antibody Specificity ; Antigen-Antibody Reactions ; Bacteriophage lambda/*genetics ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular/methods ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Gene Amplification ; Gene Library ; *Genetic Vectors ; Hemocyanin/analogs & derivatives/immunology ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/biosynthesis ; Immunoglobulin Fragments/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Organophosphorus Compounds/immunology ; Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-03-03
    Description: Monoclonal antibodies have been induced that are capable of catalyzing specific hydrolysis of the Gly-Phe bond of peptide substrates at neutral pH with a metal complex cofactor. The antibodies were produced by immunizing with a Co(III) triethylenetetramine (trien)-peptide hapten. These antibodies as a group are capable of binding trien complexes of not only Co(III) but also of numerous other metals. Six peptides were examined as possible substrates with the antibodies and various metal complexes. Two of these peptides were cleaved by several of the antibodies. One antibody was studied in detail, and cleavage was observed for the substrates with the trien complexes of Zn(II), Ga(III), Fe(III), In(III), Cu(II), Ni(II), Lu(III), Mg(II), or Mn(II) as cofactors. A turnover number of 6 x 10(-4) per second was observed for these substrates. These results demonstrate the feasibility of the use of cofactor-assisted catalysis in an antibody binding site to accomplish difficult chemical transformations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Iverson, B L -- Lerner, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Mar 3;243(4895):1184-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2922606" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antigens/immunology ; Binding Sites, Antibody ; Catalysis ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Cobalt/immunology/metabolism ; Glycine/metabolism ; Haptens/immunology ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hydrolysis ; Immunization ; Metals/metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Structure ; Oligopeptides/*metabolism ; Phenylalanine/metabolism ; Trientine/immunology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-04-28
    Description: The specific hydrolysis of unactivated esters bearing an R or S enantiomeric alcohol has been achieved by two separate classes of catalytic antibodies induced to bind either the R or S substrates. The antibodies exhibit rate accelerations (10(3) to 10(5] above background hydrolysis that, coupled with their antipodal specificity, provide a novel set of reagents for use in synthesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Janda, K D -- Benkovic, S J -- Lerner, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Apr 28;244(4903):437-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2717936" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Antibody Specificity ; Antigens/immunology ; Benzyl Alcohols/metabolism ; *Catalysis ; Esters/metabolism ; Haptens ; Hemocyanin/immunology ; Hydrolysis ; Immunization ; Kinetics ; Lipase/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred A ; Molecular Structure ; Organophosphonates/immunology ; Stereoisomerism ; Substrate Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1990-08-10
    Description: A metalloantibody has been constructed with a coordination site for metals in the antigen binding pocket. The Zn(II) binding site from carbonic anhydrase B was used as a model. Three histidine residues have been placed in the light chain complementarity determining regions of a single chain antibody molecule. In contrast to the native protein, the mutant displayed metal-dependent fluorescence-quenching behavior. This response was interpreted as evidence for metal binding in the three-histidine site with relative affinities in the order Cu(II) greater than Zn(II) greater than Cd(II). The presence of metal cofactors in immunoglobulins should facilitate antibody catalysis of redox and hydrolytic reactions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Iverson, B L -- Iverson, S A -- Roberts, V A -- Getzoff, E D -- Tainer, J A -- Benkovic, S J -- Lerner, R A -- F32GM-1204702/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- IGM 37684/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Aug 10;249(4969):659-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2116666" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; *Binding Sites, Antibody ; Cadmium ; Carbonic Anhydrases/*immunology ; Copper ; Fluoresceins ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains ; Immunoglobulin Light Chains ; Ligands ; *Metals ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence ; Zinc
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1991-05-03
    Description: A transition state analogue was used to produce a mouse antibody that catalyzes transesterification in water. The antibody behaves as a highly efficient catalyst with a covalent intermediate and the characteristic of induced fit. While some features of the catalytic pathway were programmed when the hapten was designed and reflect favorable substrate-antibody interactions, other features are a manifestation of the chemical potential of antibody diversity. The fact that antibodies recapitulate mechanisms and pathways previously thought to be a characteristic of highly evolved enzymes suggests that once an appropriate binding cavity is achieved, reaction pathways commensurate with the intrinsic chemical potential of proteins ensue.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wirsching, P -- Ashley, J A -- Benkovic, S J -- Janda, K D -- Lerner, R A -- GM43858-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 May 3;252(5006):680-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2024120" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acylation ; Alcohols/metabolism ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology/*metabolism ; Antibody Specificity ; Binding Sites, Antibody ; *Catalysis ; Enzymes/metabolism ; Esterification ; Haptens ; Kinetics ; Mice ; Water
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1990-11-23
    Description: Detailed kinetic investigations of a catalytic antibody that promotes the hydrolyses of an anilide and phenyl ester show that this catalyst uses a multistep kinetic sequence resembling that found in serine proteases to hydrolyze its substrates, although antibody was elicited to a single transition-state analog. Like the serine proteases the antibody catalyzes the hydrolysis reactions through a putative covalent intermediate, but unlike the enzymes it may use hydroxide ion to cleave the intermediates. Nevertheless, the antibody is a potent catalyst with turnover at higher pH values rivaling that of chymotrypsin. This analysis also reveals that turnover by the antibody is ultimately limited by product desorption, suggesting that improvements in catalytic efficiency may be achieved by judicious changes in the structure of the substrate, so that it is not superimposable on that of the eliciting hapten.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Benkovic, S J -- Adams, J A -- Borders, C L Jr -- Janda, K D -- Lerner, R A -- GM4385801/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Nov 23;250(4984):1135-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Pennsylvania State University, Department of Chemistry, University Park 16802.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2251500" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acylation ; Aniline Compounds/metabolism ; Antibodies/*metabolism ; Catalysis ; Enzymes/*metabolism ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hydrolysis ; Kinetics ; Nitrophenols/metabolism ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence ; Thermodynamics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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