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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (3,340)
  • Animals  (2,402)
  • 2020-2024
  • 1995-1999  (2,282)
  • 1980-1984  (2,338)
  • 1975-1979  (1,122)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1996  (1,194)
  • 1995  (1,088)
  • 1983  (1,143)
  • 1981  (1,195)
  • 1978  (1,122)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 2020-2024
  • 1995-1999  (2,282)
  • 1980-1984  (2,338)
  • 1975-1979  (1,122)
  • 1950-1954
Year
  • 101
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    A morbillivirus that caused fatal disease in horses and humans (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-04-07
    Description: A morbillivirus has been isolated and added to an increasing list of emerging viral diseases. This virus caused an outbreak of fatal respiratory disease in horses and humans. Genetic analyses show it to be only distantly related to the classic morbilliviruses rinderpest, measles, and canine distemper. When seen by electron microscopy, viruses had 10- and 18-nanometer surface projections that gave them a "double-fringed" appearance. The virus induced syncytia that developed in the endothelium of blood vessels, particularly the lungs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Murray, K -- Selleck, P -- Hooper, P -- Hyatt, A -- Gould, A -- Gleeson, L -- Westbury, H -- Hiley, L -- Selvey, L -- Rodwell, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Apr 7;268(5207):94-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, East Geelong, Victoria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7701348" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Disease Outbreaks/*veterinary ; Female ; Horse Diseases/epidemiology/mortality/*virology ; Horses ; Humans ; Kidney/virology ; Lung/virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Morbillivirus/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Morbillivirus Infections/epidemiology/mortality/*veterinary/*virology ; Pregnancy ; Queensland/epidemiology ; Respiratory Tract Infections/veterinary/virology ; Spleen/virology ; Vero Cells ; Virus Cultivation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 102
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    T cell awareness of paternal alloantigens during pregnancy (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-10-27
    Description: During pregnancy a semiallogeneic fetus survives despite the presence of maternal T cells specific for paternally inherited histocompatibility antigens. A mouse transgenic for a T cell receptor recognizing the major histocompatibility (MHC) antigen H-2Kb was used to follow the fate of T cells reactive to paternal alloantigens. In contrast to syngeneic and third-party allogeneic pregnancies, mice bearing a Kb-positive conceptus had reduced numbers of Kb-reactive T cells and accepted Kb-positive tumor grafts. T cell phenotype and responsiveness were restored after delivery. Thus, during pregnancy maternal T cells acquire a transient state of tolerance specific for paternal alloantigens.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tafuri, A -- Alferink, J -- Moller, P -- Hammerling, G J -- Arnold, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Oct 27;270(5236):630-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Tumor Immunology Program, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7570020" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Fathers ; Female ; Fetus/*immunology ; Graft Rejection ; H-2 Antigens/*immunology ; *Immune Tolerance ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, SCID ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Phenotype ; Placenta/immunology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Animal/*immunology ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 103
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    Cell movement tale told by bacterial tail protein (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-07-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roush, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jul 7;269(5220):30-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7604275" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/*metabolism ; Animals ; Bacterial Proteins ; Bacterial Vaccines/immunology ; Cell Movement/*physiology ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Escherichia coli/genetics/physiology ; Genes, Bacterial ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta ; Mutation ; Shigella flexneri/genetics/immunology/*physiology ; Transcription Factors/*genetics/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 104
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    AIDS research. New drug shows promise in monkeys (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 17;270(5239):1121-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7502035" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenine/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Animals ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; HIV/drug effects ; HIV Infections/drug therapy/*prevention & control/transmission ; Humans ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control ; Macaca fascicularis ; *Organophosphonates ; Organophosphorus Compounds/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy/*prevention & control ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/drug effects ; Tenofovir
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 105
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    Thailand weighs AIDS vaccine tests (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 10;270(5238):904-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7481784" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *AIDS Vaccines/immunology ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*prevention & control ; Animals ; *Clinical Trials as Topic/economics ; Cohort Studies ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Female ; HIV/classification ; HIV Antibodies/biosynthesis ; *HIV Envelope Protein gp120/immunology ; HIV Infections/*prevention & control ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Male ; Pan troglodytes ; Patient Selection ; Thailand ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 106
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    Protein proves to be a key link in innate immunity (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-07-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thompson, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jul 21;269(5222):301-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7618098" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*immunology ; Child ; Cloning, Molecular ; Complement Activation/*immunology ; Disease Susceptibility ; Humans ; *Immunity, Innate ; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/*etiology ; Mannose-Binding Lectins ; Mutation ; Phagocytosis/*immunology ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 107
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    Differences in HIV strains may underlie disease patterns (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-10-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Oct 6;270(5233):30-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569947" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; Female ; HIV Infections/epidemiology/transmission/*virology ; HIV-1/classification/growth & development/*pathogenicity ; Humans ; Langerhans Cells/*virology ; Male ; Thailand/epidemiology ; Vagina/virology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 108
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    How the TH2 response is marshaled (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-07-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jul 14;269(5221):161.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7618076" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Interferon-gamma/*physiology ; Mice ; Receptors, Interferon/analysis ; Signal Transduction ; Th1 Cells/*immunology ; Th2 Cells/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 109
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    From genome to proteome: looking at a cell's proteins (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-10-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kahn, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Oct 20;270(5235):369-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569989" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/analysis/chemistry/genetics ; Computer Communication Networks ; Databases, Factual ; *Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional ; Escherichia coli/chemistry/genetics ; Fungal Proteins/analysis/chemistry/genetics ; Genes, Fungal ; Humans ; Mass Spectrometry/*methods ; Proteins/*analysis/chemistry/genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/chemistry/genetics ; Software
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 110
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    Share and share alike isn't always the rule in science (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-06-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jun 23;268(5218):1715-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7792594" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Specimen Banks ; *Crystallography, X-Ray ; Databases, Factual ; *Ethics, Professional ; Interprofessional Relations ; Mice ; *Mice, Knockout ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Publishing ; Research/*standards ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 111
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    The culture of credit (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-06-23
    Description: Scientific ideals call for collaboration and sharing. But in today's competitive scientific enterprise, a tremendous premium is placed on individual credit, setting the stage for conflict.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jun 23;268(5218):1706-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7540770" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caenorhabditis ; *Ethics, Professional ; Genetic Therapy ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; RNA Splicing ; Research/*standards ; Science/*standards
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 112
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    Potential animal model for AIDS (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-09-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 29;269(5232):1819, 1821.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569914" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/virology ; Animals ; *Disease Models, Animal ; HIV Reverse Transcriptase ; HIV-1/enzymology/*genetics ; Humans ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/genetics ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/enzymology/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 113
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    New foot steps into walking debate (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-07-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oliwenstein, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jul 28;269(5223):476-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7624770" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Foot/*anatomy & histology ; *Fossils ; Hallux/anatomy & histology ; History, Ancient ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Humans ; *Locomotion ; South Africa
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 114
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    Functions of the proteasome: the lysis at the end of the tunnel (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-04-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldberg, A L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Apr 28;268(5210):522-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7725095" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Archaeal Proteins ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cysteine Endopeptidases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Endopeptidases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrolysis ; Multienzyme Complexes/chemistry/*metabolism ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; Proteins/*metabolism ; Thermoplasma/enzymology ; Ubiquitins/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 115
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    Casein kinase II alpha transgene-induced murine lymphoma: relation to theileriosis in cattle (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-02-10
    Description: Infection of cattle with the protozoan parasite Theileria parva results in a fatal lymphoproliferative syndrome that is associated with the overexpression of casein kinase II. The role of this enzyme in the pathogenesis of lymphoproliferative disorders was investigated by expressing the catalytic subunit in lymphocytes of transgenic mice. Adult transgenic mice displayed a stochastic propensity to develop lymphoma; co-expression of a c-myc transgene in addition to casein kinase II resulted in neonatal leukemia. Thus, the casein kinase II gene can serve as an oncogene, and its dysregulated expression is capable of transforming lymphocytes in a two-step pathway with c-myc.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seldin, D C -- Leder, P -- 1-K08-HL0286-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Feb 10;267(5199):894-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7846532" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Casein Kinase II ; Cattle ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cloning, Molecular ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte ; Genes, myc ; Leukemia/etiology ; Lymphocytes/enzymology ; Lymphoma/enzymology/*etiology/genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Theileriasis/*enzymology ; Up-Regulation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 116
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    Zinc and Alzheimer's disease (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-06-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maggio, J E -- Esler, W P -- Stimson, E R -- Jennings, J M -- Ghilardi, J R -- Mantyh, P W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jun 30;268(5219):1920-1; author reply 1921-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7604269" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alzheimer Disease/*metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/*metabolism ; Animals ; Humans ; Protein Binding ; Rats ; Solubility ; Zinc/*metabolism/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 117
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    Synaptic activation of voltage-gated channels in the dendrites of hippocampal pyramidal neurons (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-04-14
    Description: Activation of dendritic voltage-gated ion channels by local synaptic input was tested by simultaneous dendrite-attached patch-clamp recordings and whole-cell somatic voltage recordings made from CA1 pyramidal neurons in hippocampal slices. Schaffer collateral stimulation elicited subthreshold excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) that opened voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels in the apical dendrites. The EPSP-activated sodium channels opened near the peak of the EPSP, whereas low voltage-activated calcium channels opened near the EPSP peak and during the decay phase. Dendritic high voltage-activated channels required somatic action potential generation or suprathreshold synaptic trains for activation. Dendritic voltage-gated channels are, therefore, likely to participate in dendritic integration of synaptic events.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Magee, J C -- Johnston, D -- MH44754/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS09482/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS11535/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Apr 14;268(5208):301-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7716525" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Calcium Channels/metabolism ; Dendrites/*physiology ; *Ion Channel Gating ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Pyramidal Cells/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sodium Channels/metabolism ; Synapses/*physiology ; Synaptic Transmission ; Tetrodotoxin/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 118
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    Structures of metal sites of oxidized bovine heart cytochrome c oxidase at 2.8 A (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-08-25
    Description: The high resolution three-dimensional x-ray structure of the metal sites of bovine heart cytochrome c oxidase is reported. Cytochrome c oxidase is the largest membrane protein yet crystallized and analyzed at atomic resolution. Electron density distribution of the oxidized bovine cytochrome c oxidase at 2.8 A resolution indicates a dinuclear copper center with an unexpected structure similar to a [2Fe-2S]-type iron-sulfur center. Previously predicted zinc and magnesium sites have been located, the former bound by a nuclear encoded subunit on the matrix side of the membrane, and the latter situated between heme a3 and CuA, at the interface of subunits I and II. The O2 binding site contains heme a3 iron and copper atoms (CuB) with an interatomic distance of 4.5 A; there is no detectable bridging ligand between iron and copper atoms in spite of a strong antiferromagnetic coupling between them. A hydrogen bond is present between a hydroxyl group of the hydroxyfarnesylethyl side chain of heme a3 and an OH of a tyrosine. The tyrosine phenol plane is immediately adjacent and perpendicular to an imidazole group bonded to CuB, suggesting a possible role in intramolecular electron transfer or conformational control, the latter of which could induce the redox-coupled proton pumping. A phenyl group located halfway between a pyrrole plane of the heme a3 and an imidazole plane liganded to the other heme (heme a) could also influence electron transfer or conformational control.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tsukihara, T -- Aoyama, H -- Yamashita, E -- Tomizaki, T -- Yamaguchi, H -- Shinzawa-Itoh, K -- Nakashima, R -- Yaono, R -- Yoshikawa, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 25;269(5227):1069-74.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7652554" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cattle ; Copper/*analysis ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Electron Transport ; Electron Transport Complex IV/*chemistry/metabolism ; Fourier Analysis ; Heme/*analogs & derivatives/analysis ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Magnesium/*analysis ; Mitochondria, Heart/enzymology ; Models, Molecular ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Proton Pumps ; Zinc/*analysis
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    FGF binding and FGF receptor activation by synthetic heparan-derived di- and trisaccharides (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-04-21
    Description: Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) require a polysaccharide cofactor, heparin or heparan sulfate (HS), for receptor binding and activation. To probe the molecular mechanism by which heparin or HS (heparin/HS) activates FGF, small nonsulfated oligosaccharides found within heparin/HS were assayed for activity. These synthetic and isomerically pure compounds can activate the FGF signaling pathway. The crystal structures of complexes between FGF and these heparin/HS oligosaccharides reveal several binding sites on FGF and constrain possible mechanisms by which heparin/HS can activate the FGF receptor. These studies establish a framework for the molecular design of compounds capable of modulating FGF activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ornitz, D M -- Herr, A B -- Nilsson, M -- Westman, J -- Svahn, C M -- Waksman, G -- CA60673/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Apr 21;268(5209):432-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7536345" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Carbohydrate Sequence ; Cell Line ; Crystallization ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 1/chemistry/*metabolism ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/*metabolism ; Heparin/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Heparitin Sulfate/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Mitogens/pharmacology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligosaccharides/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    New compounds make light of pests (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-05-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, R F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 May 12;268(5212):806.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7754366" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Drosophila ; *Eosine I Bluish/toxicity ; Fluorescein ; *Fluoresceins/toxicity ; Humans ; *Insecticides/toxicity ; *Light ; Malathion/toxicity
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    Asian hominids grow older (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Culotta, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 17;270(5239):1116-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7502031" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Animals ; China ; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy ; *Fossils ; History, Ancient ; *Hominidae/anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Magnetics
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    The Devi case and more (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-08-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mak, T W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 25;269(5227):1034-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7652545" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ethics, Professional ; Interprofessional Relations ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Research/*standards
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A Drosophila homolog of the yeast origin recognition complex (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-12-08
    Description: Genes from Drosophila melanogaster have been identified that encode proteins homologous to Orc2p and Orc5p of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae origin recognition complex (ORC). The abundance of the Drosophila Orc2p homolog DmORC2 is developmentally regulated and is greatest during the earliest stages of embryogenesis, concomitant with the highest rate of DNA replication. Fractionation of embryo nuclear extracts revealed that DmORC2 is found in a tightly associated complex with five additional polypeptides, much like the yeast ORC. These studies will enable direct testing of the initiator-based model of replication in a metazoan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gossen, M -- Pak, D T -- Hansen, S K -- Acharya, J K -- Botchan, M R -- CA30490/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- ES-01896/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Dec 8;270(5242):1674-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7502079" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cloning, Molecular ; *DNA Replication ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/analysis/*chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/chemistry/embryology/*genetics ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/chemistry ; *Genes, Insect ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Origin Recognition Complex ; *Replication Origin ; Repressor Proteins/analysis/*chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; Sequence Homology
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    Baculovirus bounty (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-09-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Volkman, L E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 29;269(5232):1834.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569919" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis ; Biotechnology ; Genes, Viral ; *Genetic Vectors ; Glucosyltransferases/genetics/physiology ; Lepidoptera/physiology/virology ; Metamorphosis, Biological ; *Nucleopolyhedrovirus/genetics/physiology ; *Pest Control, Biological ; Research ; Virus Cultivation
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    CD1: presenting unusual antigens to unusual T lymphocytes (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-07-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bendelac, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jul 14;269(5221):185-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, NJ 08544, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7542402" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigen Presentation/*immunology ; Antigens, Bacterial/immunology ; Antigens, CD/genetics/*immunology ; Antigens, CD1 ; Biological Evolution ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Lipids/*immunology ; Mice ; Peptides/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
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    Attenuated retrovirus vaccines and AIDS (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shearer, G M -- Lucey, D R -- Clerici, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 17;270(5239):1219; author reply 1220-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7502053" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *AIDS Vaccines/adverse effects ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn/*immunology ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology ; Macaca mulatta ; Nervous System/virology ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology/*virology ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/immunology/*pathogenicity ; Vaccines, Attenuated/adverse effects ; Virulence ; Virus Replication
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    Borders of multiple visual areas in humans revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-05-12
    Description: The borders of human visual areas V1, V2, VP, V3, and V4 were precisely and noninvasively determined. Functional magnetic resonance images were recorded during phase-encoded retinal stimulation. This volume data set was then sampled with a cortical surface reconstruction, making it possible to calculate the local visual field sign (mirror image versus non-mirror image representation). This method automatically and objectively outlines area borders because adjacent areas often have the opposite field sign. Cortical magnification factor curves for striate and extrastriate cortical areas were determined, which showed that human visual areas have a greater emphasis on the center-of-gaze than their counterparts in monkeys. Retinotopically organized visual areas in humans extend anteriorly to overlap several areas previously shown to be activated by written words.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sereno, M I -- Dale, A M -- Reppas, J B -- Kwong, K K -- Belliveau, J W -- Brady, T J -- Rosen, B R -- Tootell, R B -- EY07980/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- MH47035/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NICHD22614/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 May 12;268(5212):889-93.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0515, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7754376" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain Mapping/*methods ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods ; Vision, Ocular ; Visual Cortex/anatomy & histology/*physiology
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    Steroid hormone--and neurotransmitter-induced rat sexual behavior: addendum (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-06-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mani, S K -- Allen, J M -- Clark, J H -- Blaustein, J D -- O'Malley, B W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jun 30;268(5219):1833.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7604251" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Estradiol/*pharmacology ; Female ; Male ; Neurotransmitter Agents/*physiology ; Rats ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/drug effects/*physiology
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    Functional brain imaging studies of cortical mechanisms for memory (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-03
    Description: Recent functional brain imaging studies in humans indicate that learning and memory involve many of the same regions of the cortex that process sensory information and control motor output. The forms of perceptual and motor learning that can occur without conscious recollection are mediated in part by contractions and expansions of representations in the sensory and motor cortex. The same regions are also engaged during the conscious storage and retrieval of facts and events, but these types of memory also bring into play structures involved in the active maintenance of memories "on line" and in the establishment of associative links between the information stored in different sensory areas. Although the picture of memory that is emerging from functional imaging studies is consistent with current physiological accounts, there are puzzles and surprises that will be solved only through a combination of human and animal studies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ungerleider, L G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 3;270(5237):769-75.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Psychology and Psychopathology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7481764" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/anatomy & histology/*physiology/radiography ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Learning ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Memory/*physiology ; Motor Cortex/physiology ; Motor Skills ; Parietal Lobe/physiology ; Prefrontal Cortex/anatomy & histology/*physiology/radionuclide imaging ; Psychomotor Performance ; Temporal Lobe/physiology ; Tomography, Emission-Computed ; Visual Cortex/anatomy & histology/*physiology/radionuclide imaging ; Visual Perception
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    Researchers find molecules that muzzle killer cells (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-04-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barinaga, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Apr 21;268(5209):367-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7716537" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antigens, Ly ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/metabolism ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural/*immunology ; Lectins, C-Type ; Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism ; Receptors, Immunologic/*metabolism ; Receptors, NK Cell Lectin-Like ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology
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    Neuronal adhesion molecules signal through FGF receptor (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-03-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Brien, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Mar 3;267(5202):1263-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7871418" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/chemistry/*physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Neurites/*physiology ; Neurons/*cytology ; Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor/chemistry/*physiology ; *Signal Transduction
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    Designer tissues take hold (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-10-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, R F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Oct 13;270(5234):230-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569968" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Artificial Organs ; *Biocompatible Materials ; *Biomedical Engineering ; Cartilage, Articular/cytology/transplantation ; Cell Transplantation ; Culture Techniques ; Endothelium, Vascular/cytology ; Humans ; Liver/cytology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neurons/cytology ; *Organoids ; Skin, Artificial ; Tissue Transplantation
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    Weight-reducing effects of the plasma protein encoded by the obese gene (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1995-07-28
    Description: The gene product of the ob locus is important in the regulation of body weight. The ob product was shown to be present as a 16-kilodalton protein in mouse and human plasma but was undetectable in plasma from C57BL/6J ob/ob mice. Plasma levels of this protein were increased in diabetic (db) mice, a mutant thought to be resistant to the effects of ob. Daily intraperitoneal injections of either mouse or human recombinant OB protein reduced the body weight of ob/ob mice by 30 percent after 2 weeks of treatment with no apparent toxicity but had no effect on db/db mice. The protein reduced food intake and increased energy expenditure in ob/ob mice. Injections of wild-type mice twice daily with the mouse protein resulted in a sustained 12 percent weight loss, decreased food intake, and a reduction of body fat from 12.2 to 0.7 percent. These data suggest that the OB protein serves an endocrine function to regulate body fat stores.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Halaas, J L -- Gajiwala, K S -- Maffei, M -- Cohen, S L -- Chait, B T -- Rabinowitz, D -- Lallone, R L -- Burley, S K -- Friedman, J M -- DK41096/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- RR00862/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jul 28;269(5223):543-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rockfeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7624777" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue/drug effects ; Animals ; Blood Glucose/analysis ; Body Composition/drug effects ; Diabetes Mellitus/blood/physiopathology ; Eating/drug effects ; Energy Metabolism/drug effects ; Female ; Humans ; Leptin ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Obese ; Obesity/blood/genetics/*physiopathology ; Proteins/analysis/genetics/*pharmacology/physiology ; Recombinant Proteins/administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Weight Loss/*drug effects
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    KAI1, a metastasis suppressor gene for prostate cancer on human chromosome 11p11.2 (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1995-05-12
    Description: A gene from human chromosome 11p11.2 was isolated and was shown to suppress metastasis when introduced into rat AT6.1 prostate cancer cells. Expression of this gene, designated KAI1, was reduced in human cell lines derived from metastatic prostate tumors. KAI1 specifies a protein of 267 amino acids, with four hydrophobic and presumably transmembrane domains and one large extracellular hydrophilic domain with three potential N-glycosylation sites. KAI1 is evolutionarily conserved, is expressed in many human tissues, and encodes a member of a structurally distinct family of leukocyte surface glycoproteins. Decreased expression of this gene may be involved in the malignant progression of prostate and other cancers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dong, J T -- Lamb, P W -- Rinker-Schaeffer, C W -- Vukanovic, J -- Ichikawa, T -- Isaacs, J T -- Barrett, J C -- CA 58236/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 May 12;268(5212):884-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7754374" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, CD/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Antigens, CD82 ; Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 ; Gene Expression ; *Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Mice ; Mice, SCID ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neoplasm Metastasis/*genetics ; Prostatic Neoplasms/*genetics/pathology ; *Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; Rats ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    How the glucocorticoids suppress immunity (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-10-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Oct 13;270(5234):232-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569969" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; DNA/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics/*metabolism ; Dexamethasone/pharmacology ; Glucocorticoids/*pharmacology ; Humans ; *I-kappa B Proteins ; *Immunosuppression ; Immunosuppressive Agents/*pharmacology ; NF-kappa B/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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    A VAMP-binding protein from Aplysia required for neurotransmitter release (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-09-15
    Description: Before the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the plasma membrane, a protein complex is thought to form between VAMP--an integral membrane protein of the vesicle--and two proteins associated with the plasma membrane, SNAP-25 and syntaxin. The yeast two-hybrid interaction cloning system has now been used to identify additional proteins from Aplysia that interact directly with VAMP. A 33-kilodalton membrane protein, termed VAP-33 (VAMP-associated protein of 33 kilodaltons), was identified whose corresponding messenger RNA was detected only in the central nervous system and the gill of Aplysia. Presynaptic injection of antibodies specific for VAP-33 inhibited synaptic transmission, which suggests that VAP-33 is required for the exocytosis of neurotransmitter.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Skehel, P A -- Martin, K C -- Kandel, E R -- Bartsch, D -- R37 MH45923-06/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 15;269(5230):1580-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7667638" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Aplysia ; Base Sequence ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Central Nervous System/chemistry ; Cloning, Molecular ; Exocytosis ; Gills/innervation ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism/*physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Motor Neurons/physiology ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*metabolism ; Neurons/*physiology ; Neurons, Afferent/physiology ; Neurotransmitter Agents/*metabolism ; R-SNARE Proteins ; *Synaptic Transmission ; Synaptic Vesicles/physiology ; *Vesicular Transport Proteins
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    Plio-Pleistocene African climate (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-10-06
    Description: Marine records of African climate variability document a shift toward more arid conditions after 2.8 million years ago (Ma), evidently resulting from remote forcing by cold North Atlantic sea-surface temperatures associated with the onset of Northern Hemisphere glacial cycles. African climate before 2.8 Ma was regulated by low-latitude insolation forcing of monsoonal climate due to Earth orbital precession. Major steps in the evolution of African hominids and other vertebrates are coincident with shifts to more arid, open conditions near 2.8 Ma, 1.7 Ma, and 1.0 Ma, suggesting that some Pliocene (Plio)-Pleistocene speciation events may have been climatically mediated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉deMenocal, P B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Oct 6;270(5233):53-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, NY 10964, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569951" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Climate ; *Fossils ; *Geologic Sediments ; *Hominidae ; Humans
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    Inhibition of myogenic differentiation in proliferating myoblasts by cyclin D1-dependent kinase (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-02-17
    Description: Although the myogenic regulator MyoD is expressed in proliferating myoblasts, differentiation of these cells is limited to the G0 phase of the cell cycle. Forced expression of cyclin D1, but not cyclins A, B, or E, inhibited the ability of MyoD to transactivate muscle-specific genes and correlated with phosphorylation of MyoD. Transfection of myoblasts with cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitors p21 and p16 augmented muscle-specific gene expression in cells maintained in high concentrations of serum, suggesting that an active cyclin-Cdk complex suppresses MyoD function in proliferating cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Skapek, S X -- Rhee, J -- Spicer, D B -- Lassar, A B -- 1F32AR08214-01A1/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Feb 17;267(5200):1022-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7863328" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carrier Proteins/biosynthesis/physiology ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Cyclin D1 ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/*metabolism ; Cyclins/biosynthesis/*physiology ; Enzyme Activation ; Mice ; Muscle, Skeletal/*cytology/metabolism ; MyoD Protein/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Oncogene Proteins/*physiology ; Phosphorylation ; Transcriptional Activation ; Transfection
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    A regulatory role for ARF6 in receptor-mediated endocytosis (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-02-24
    Description: Adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6), ARF6 mutants, and ARF1 were transiently expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells, and the effects on receptor-mediated endocytosis were assessed. Overexpressed ARF6 localized to the cell periphery and led to a redistribution of transferrin receptors to the cell surface and a decrease in the rate of uptake of transferrin. Similar results were obtained when a mutant defective in guanosine triphosphate hydrolysis was expressed. Expression of a dominant negative mutant, ARF6(T27N), resulted in an intracellular distribution of transferrin receptors and an inhibition of transferrin recycling to the cell surface. In contrast, overexpression of ARF1 had little or no effect on these parameters of endocytosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉D'Souza-Schorey, C -- Li, G -- Colombo, M I -- Stahl, P D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Feb 24;267(5201):1175-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7855600" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ADP-Ribosylation Factor 1 ; ADP-Ribosylation Factors ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; CHO Cells ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cricetinae ; *Endocytosis ; GTP-Binding Proteins/analysis/genetics/*physiology ; Golgi Apparatus/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Kinetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Receptors, Transferrin/metabolism ; Transferrin/metabolism
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    Nicotine enhancement of fast excitatory synaptic transmission in CNS by presynaptic receptors (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1995-09-22
    Description: The behavioral and cognitive effects of nicotine suggest that nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) participate in central nervous system (CNS) function. Although nAChR subunit messenger RNA (mRNA) and nicotine binding sites are common in the brain, there is little evidence for synapses mediated by nAChRs in the CNS. To test whether, CNS nAChRs might modify rather than mediate transmission, the regulation of excitatory synaptic transmission by these receptors was examined. Nanomolar concentrations of nicotine enhanced both glutamatergic and cholinergic synaptic transmission by activation of presynaptic nAChRs that increased presynaptic [Ca2]i. Pharmacological and subunit deletion experiments reveal that these presynaptic nAChRs include the alpha 7 subunit. These findings reveal that CNS nAChRs enhance fast excitatory transmission, providing a likely mechanism for the complex behavioral effects of nicotine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McGehee, D S -- Heath, M J -- Gelber, S -- Devay, P -- Role, L W -- NS09395/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS22061/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 22;269(5231):1692-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569895" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Brain/drug effects/*physiology ; Bungarotoxins/metabolism/pharmacology ; Calcium/physiology ; Chick Embryo ; Culture Techniques ; Ganglia, Sympathetic/drug effects/physiology ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nicotine/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Nicotinic Agonists/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Presynaptic Terminals/chemistry/drug effects/*physiology ; Receptors, Nicotinic/analysis/*physiology ; Synapses/drug effects/physiology ; Synaptic Transmission/*drug effects ; Thalamic Nuclei/drug effects/physiology
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    Inducible gene targeting in mice (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-09-08
    Description: A method of gene targeting that allows the inducible inactivation of a target gene in mice is presented. The method uses an interferon-responsive promoter to control the expression of Cre recombinase. Here, Cre was used to delete a segment of the DNA polymerase beta gene flanked by IoxP recombinase recognition sites. Deletion was complete in liver and nearly complete in lymphocytes within a few days, whereas partial deletion was obtained in other tissues. This method can be used for the inducible inactivation of any other gene in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kuhn, R -- Schwenk, F -- Aguet, M -- Rajewsky, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 8;269(5229):1427-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7660125" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Crosses, Genetic ; DNA Nucleotidyltransferases/genetics ; DNA Polymerase I/genetics ; Female ; *GTP-Binding Proteins ; Gene Targeting/*methods ; Genetic Vectors ; *Integrases ; Interferon-alpha/pharmacology ; Interferon-beta/pharmacology ; Liver/drug effects/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred CBA ; Mice, Transgenic ; Myxovirus Resistance Proteins ; Poly I-C/pharmacology ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Proteins/genetics ; Recombination, Genetic ; Sequence Deletion ; *Viral Proteins
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    Evolution made visible (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-01-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weiner, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jan 6;267(5194):30-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7809606" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Birds ; Female ; Fishes ; Genetic Variation ; Male ; Reproduction ; Reproduction, Asexual ; *Selection, Genetic
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  • 143
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    Choice of STATs and other substrates specified by modular tyrosine-based motifs in cytokine receptors (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-03-03
    Description: Many members of the cytokine receptor superfamily initiate intracellular signaling by activating members of the Jak family of tyrosine kinases. Activation of the same Jaks by multiple cytokines raises the question of how these cytokines activate distinct intracellular signaling pathways. Selection of particular substrates--the transcriptional activator Stat3 and protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP1D--that characterize responses to the ciliary neurotrophic factor-interleukin-6 cytokine family depended not on which Jak was activated, but was instead determined by specific tyrosine-based motifs in the receptor components--gp130 and LIFR--shared by these cytokines. Further, these tyrosine-based motifs were modular, because addition of a Stat3-specifying motif to another cytokine receptor, that for erythropoietin, caused it to activate Stat3 in a ligand-dependent fashion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stahl, N -- Farruggella, T J -- Boulton, T G -- Zhong, Z -- Darnell, J E Jr -- Yancopoulos, G D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Mar 3;267(5202):1349-53.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7871433" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Antigens, CD ; Cell Line ; Cytokine Receptor gp130 ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; *Growth Inhibitors ; Interleukin-6/pharmacology ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Leukemia Inhibitory Factor ; *Lymphokines ; Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphorylation ; Point Mutation ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11 ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6 ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*metabolism ; Receptors, Cytokine/chemistry/*metabolism ; Receptors, OSM-LIF ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; STAT3 Transcription Factor ; *Signal Transduction ; Trans-Activators/*metabolism ; Tyrosine/metabolism
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    Ionic mechanisms of neuronal excitation by inhibitory GABAA receptors (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1995-08-18
    Description: Gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptors are the principal mediators of synaptic inhibition, and yet when intensely activated, dendritic GABAA receptors excite rather than inhibit neurons. The membrane depolarization mediated by GABAA receptors is a result of the differential, activity-dependent collapse of the opposing concentration gradients of chloride and bicarbonate, the anions that permeate the GABAA ionophore. Because this depolarization diminishes the voltage-dependent block of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor by magnesium, the activity-dependent depolarization mediated by GABA is sufficient to account for frequency modulation of synaptic NMDA receptor activation. Anionic gradient shifts may represent a mechanism whereby the rate and coherence of synaptic activity determine whether dendritic GABAA receptor activation is excitatory or inhibitory.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Staley, K J -- Soldo, B L -- Proctor, W R -- AA03527/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- HD27827/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS01573/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 18;269(5226):977-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7638623" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetazolamide/pharmacology ; Amiloride/pharmacology ; Animals ; Bicarbonates/*metabolism ; Chlorides/*metabolism ; Dendrites/metabolism ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; In Vitro Techniques ; Magnesium/pharmacology ; Membrane Potentials ; Muscimol/pharmacology ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Pyramidal Cells/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, GABA-A/*metabolism ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism ; Synapses/metabolism ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*metabolism/pharmacology
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    Antigen-specific development of primary and memory T cells in vivo (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1995-04-07
    Description: The expansion and contraction of specific helper T cells in the draining lymph nodes of normal mice after injection with antigen was followed. T cell receptors from purified primary and memory responder cells had highly restricted junctional regions, indicating antigen-driven selection. Selection for homogeneity in the length of the third complementarity-determining region (CDR3) occurs before selection for some of the characteristic amino acids, indicating the importance of this parameter in T cell receptor recognition. Ultimately, particular T cell receptor sequences come to predominate in the secondary response and others disappear, showing the selective preservation or expansion of specific T cell clones.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McHeyzer-Williams, M G -- Davis, M M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Apr 7;268(5207):106-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7535476" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adjuvants, Immunologic ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens/*immunology ; Antigens, CD44 ; Base Sequence ; Carrier Proteins/biosynthesis ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/biosynthesis ; Immunologic Memory/*immunology ; L-Selectin ; Lymphocyte Activation/immunology ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/biosynthesis/chemistry ; Receptors, Cell Surface/biosynthesis ; Receptors, Lymphocyte Homing/biosynthesis ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/*immunology
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    Oncogenes and cancer (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-03-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Duesberg, P H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Mar 10;267(5203):1407-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7794335" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3T3 Cells ; Animals ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/*genetics ; *Genes, ras ; Humans ; Mice ; Neoplasms/*genetics ; *Oncogenes ; Point Mutation ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Transfection
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  • 147
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    Helping neurons find their way (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1995-05-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 May 19;268(5213):971-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7754391" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/*physiology ; Chemotactic Factors/*physiology ; Glycoproteins/physiology ; Humans ; Nerve Growth Factors/*physiology ; Semaphorin-3A ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins
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    Reactive immunization (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-12-15
    Description: For almost 200 years inert antigens have been used for initiating the process of immunization. A procedure is now described in which the antigen used is so highly reactive that a chemical reaction occurs in the antibody combining site during immunization. An organophosphorus diester hapten was used to illustrate this concept coined "reactive immunization." The organophosphonate recruited chemical potential from the immune response that resembled the way these compounds recruit the catalytic power of the serine hydrolases. During this recruitment, a large proportion of the isolated antibodies catalyzed the formation and cleavage of phosphonylated intermediates and subsequent ester hydrolysis. Reactive immunization can augment traditional immunization and enhance the scope of catalytic antibody chemistry. Among the compounds anticipated to be effective are those that contain appropriate reactive functionalities or those that are latently reactive, as in the mechanism-based inhibitors of enzymes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wirsching, P -- Ashley, J A -- Lo, C H -- Janda, K D -- Lerner, R A -- DA08590/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- GM48351/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA27489-16/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Dec 15;270(5243):1775-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Biology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8525366" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Catalytic/*chemistry/immunology ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry/immunology ; Antigen-Antibody Reactions ; Antigens/*chemistry/immunology ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Cattle ; Esters/chemistry/immunology ; Haptens/chemistry/immunology ; Immunization/*methods ; Kinetics ; Mice ; Organophosphonates/chemistry/*immunology ; Thermodynamics ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A p16INK4a-insensitive CDK4 mutant targeted by cytolytic T lymphocytes in a human melanoma (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-09-01
    Description: A mutated cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) was identified as a tumor-specific antigen recognized by HLA-A2. 1-restricted autologous cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in a human melanoma. The mutated CDK4 allele was present in autologous cultured melanoma cells and metastasis tissue, but not in the patient's lymphocytes. The mutation, an arginine-to-cysteine exchange at residue 24, was part of the CDK4 peptide recognized by CTLs and prevented binding of the CDK4 inhibitor p16INK4a, but not of p21 or of p27KIP1. The same mutation was found in one additional melanoma among 28 melanomas analyzed. These results suggest that mutation of CDK4 can create a tumor-specific antigen and can disrupt the cell-cycle regulation exerted by the tumor suppressor p16INK4a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wolfel, T -- Hauer, M -- Schneider, J -- Serrano, M -- Wolfel, C -- Klehmann-Hieb, E -- De Plaen, E -- Hankeln, T -- Meyer zum Buschenfelde, K H -- Beach, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 1;269(5228):1281-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universitat, Mainz, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7652577" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism/*pharmacology ; *Cell Cycle Proteins ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p15 ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27 ; *Cyclin-Dependent Kinases ; Cyclins/metabolism/pharmacology ; HLA-A2 Antigen/immunology ; Humans ; Melanoma/enzymology/*immunology ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism/pharmacology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Point Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & ; inhibitors/genetics/*immunology/metabolism ; *Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; *Tumor Suppressor Proteins
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 150
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    Common virulence factors for bacterial pathogenicity in plants and animals (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-06-30
    Description: A Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain (UCBPP-PA14) is infectious both in an Arabidopsis thaliana leaf infiltration model and in a mouse full-thickness skin burn model. UCBPP-PA14 exhibits ecotype specificity for Arabidopsis, causing a range of symptoms from none to severe in four different ecotypes. In the mouse model, UCBPP-PA14 is as lethal as other well-studied P. aeruginosa strains. Mutations in the UCBPP-PA14 toxA, plcS, and gacA genes resulted in a significant reduction in pathogenicity in both hosts, indicating that these genes encode virulence factors required for the full expression of pathogenicity in both plants and animals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rahme, L G -- Stevens, E J -- Wolfort, S F -- Shao, J -- Tompkins, R G -- Ausubel, F M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jun 30;268(5219):1899-902.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7604262" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *ADP Ribose Transferases ; Animals ; Arabidopsis/*microbiology ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; *Bacterial Toxins ; Base Sequence ; Burns/complications ; Exotoxins/genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phospholipases/genetics ; Plant Diseases/*microbiology ; Pseudomonas Infections/*microbiology ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/genetics/growth & development/*pathogenicity ; Virulence/genetics ; *Virulence Factors
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 151
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    Getting a grip on G protein function in C. elegans (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-03-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Mar 17;267(5204):1596-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7886445" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics/*physiology ; GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Genes, Helminth ; Male ; Mutation ; *Signal Transduction
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  • 152
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    Diffusion across the nuclear envelope inhibited by depletion of the nuclear Ca2+ store (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-12-15
    Description: Intact, isolated nuclei and a nuclear membrane (ghost) preparation were used to study regulation of the movement of small molecules across the Xenopus laevis oocyte nuclear membrane. In contrast to models of the nuclear pore complex, which assume passive bidirectional diffusion of molecules less than 70 kilodaltons, diffusion of intermediate-sized molecules was regulated by the nuclear envelope calcium stores. After depletion of nuclear store calcium by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate or calcium chelators, fluorescent molecules conjugated to 10-kilodalton dextran were unable to enter the nucleus. Dye exclusion after calcium store depletion was not dependent on the nuclear matrix because it occurred in nuclear ghosts lacking nucleoplasm. Smaller molecules and ions (500-dalton Lucifer yellow and manganese) diffused freely into the core of the nuclear ghosts and intact nuclei even after calcium store depletion. Thus, depletion of the nuclear calcium store blocks diffusion of intermediate-sized molecules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stehno-Bittel, L -- Perez-Terzic, C -- Clapham, D E -- 41303/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Dec 15;270(5243):1835-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8525380" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Biological Transport ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/*metabolism ; Diffusion ; Fluorescent Dyes ; In Vitro Techniques ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/metabolism ; Manganese/metabolism ; Nuclear Envelope/*metabolism ; Oocytes/metabolism ; Xenopus laevis
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 153
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    Laminin beta 2 (S-laminin): a new player at the synapse (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-07-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hall, Z W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jul 21;269(5222):362-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7618101" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agrin/physiology ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Basement Membrane/metabolism ; Laminin/*physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Motor Neurons/*physiology ; Nerve Regeneration ; Neurites/physiology ; Neuromuscular Junction/*physiology ; Oligopeptides/physiology ; Receptors, Cholinergic/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Synapses/*physiology
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  • 154
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    Inactivation of the mouse Huntington's disease gene homolog Hdh (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-07-21
    Description: Huntington's disease (HD) is a dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by expansion of a CAG repeat in the gene encoding huntingtin, a protein of unknown function. To distinguish between "loss of function" and "gain of function" models of HD, the murine HD homolog Hdh was inactivated by gene targeting. Mice heterozygous for Hdh inactivation were phenotypically normal, whereas homozygosity resulted in embryonic death. Homozygotes displayed abnormal gastrulation at embryonic day 7.5 and were resorbing by day 8.5. Thus, huntingtin is critical early in embryonic development, before the emergence of the nervous system. That Hdh inactivation does not mimic adult HD neuropathology suggests that the human disease involves a gain of function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Duyao, M P -- Auerbach, A B -- Ryan, A -- Persichetti, F -- Barnes, G T -- McNeil, S M -- Ge, P -- Vonsattel, J P -- Gusella, J F -- Joyner, A L -- NS16367/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS32765/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jul 21;269(5222):407-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown 02129, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7618107" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Ectoderm/cytology ; Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Genotype ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Huntington Disease/*genetics ; Male ; Mesoderm/cytology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Nuclear Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Phenotype ; Stem Cells/metabolism
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  • 155
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    Participation of the protein Go in multiple aspects of behavior in C. elegans (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-03-17
    Description: The goa-1 gene encoding the alpha subunit of the heterotrimeric guanosine triphosphate-binding protein (G protein) Go from Caenorhabditis elegans is expressed in most neurons, and in the muscles involved in egg laying and male mating. Reduction-of-function mutations in goa-1 caused a variety of behavioral defects including hyperactive movement, premature egg laying, and male impotence. Expression of the activated Go alpha subunit (G alpha o) in transgenic nematodes resulted in lethargic movement, delayed egg laying, and reduced mating efficiency. Induced expression of activated G alpha o in adults was sufficient to cause these phenotypes, indicating that G alpha o mediates behavior through its role in neuronal function and the functioning of specialized muscles.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mendel, J E -- Korswagen, H C -- Liu, K S -- Hajdu-Cronin, Y M -- Simon, M I -- Plasterk, R H -- Sternberg, P W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Mar 17;267(5204):1652-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7886455" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Base Sequence ; Behavior, Animal ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics/*physiology ; Disorders of Sex Development ; Female ; GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Genes, Helminth ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Movement ; Muscles/innervation/physiology ; Mutation ; Neurons/physiology ; Oviposition ; Phenotype ; Serotonin/pharmacology ; Sexual Behavior, Animal
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  • 156
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    Cell biology. Cell cycle inhibitors may help brake growth as cells develop (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-02-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Feb 17;267(5200):963-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7863339" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Cycle ; *Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors ; Cyclins/genetics/*physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Mice ; Muscle, Skeletal/*cytology/embryology/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 157
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    The T cell receptor begins to reveal its many facets (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-01-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jan 27;267(5197):459-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7824945" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens/immunology ; Autoimmune Diseases/immunology ; Graft Rejection ; Humans ; Ligands ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 158
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    Small RNA chaperones for ribosome biogenesis (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-12-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Steitz, J A -- Tycowski, K T -- GM26154/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Dec 8;270(5242):1626-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536-0812, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7502072" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Composition ; Cell Nucleolus/*metabolism ; Introns ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; RNA Precursors/*metabolism ; *RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional ; RNA, Ribosomal/*biosynthesis/metabolism ; RNA, Small Nuclear/genetics/*metabolism ; Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear/*metabolism ; Ribosomes/metabolism
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  • 159
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    "The Duesberg phenomenon": Duesberg and other voices (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1995-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Plotkin, S A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jan 20;267(5196):315-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7880305" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*virology ; Animals ; HIV Infections/congenital ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/virology ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus
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  • 160
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    Regulation of hippocampal transmitter release during development and long-term potentiation (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1995-09-22
    Description: Developmental changes in rat hippocampal transmitter release and synaptic plasticity were investigated. Recordings from pairs of pyramidal neurons in slices showed that an action potential in a CA3 neuron released only a single quantum of transmitter onto a CA1 neuron. Failures of synaptic transmission reflected probabilistic transmitter release. The probability of release (Pr) was 0.9 in 4- to 8-day-old rats and decreased to less than 0.5 at 2 to 3 weeks. Long-term potentiation (LTP) in 2- to 3-week-old rats was associated with an increase in Pr from a single synaptic site. The high initial Pr in 4- to 8-day-old rats normally occludes the expression of LTP at this stage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bolshakov, V Y -- Siegelbaum, S A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 22;269(5231):1730-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569903" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Aging/physiology ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Calcium/metabolism ; Hippocampus ; In Vitro Techniques ; *Long-Term Potentiation ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurotransmitter Agents/*metabolism ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Presynaptic Terminals/physiology ; Probability ; Pyramidal Cells/metabolism/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; *Synaptic Transmission ; Synaptic Vesicles/physiology
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  • 161
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    Permeation selectivity by competition in a delayed rectifier potassium channel (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-07-21
    Description: Permeation selectivity was studied in two human potassium channels, Kv2.1 and Kv1.5, expressed in a mouse cell line. With normal concentrations of potassium and sodium, both channels were highly selective for potassium. On removal of potassium, Kv2.1 displayed a large sodium conductance that was inhibited by low concentrations of potassium. The channel showed a competition mechanism of selectivity similar to that of calcium channels. In contrast, Kv1.5 displayed a negligible sodium conductance on removal of potassium. The observation that structurally similar potassium channels show different abilities to conduct sodium provides a basis for understanding the structural determinants of potassium channel selectivity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Korn, S J -- Ikeda, S R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jul 21;269(5222):410-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs 06269, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7618108" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding, Competitive ; Delayed Rectifier Potassium Channels ; Humans ; L Cells (Cell Line) ; Membrane Potentials ; Mice ; Potassium/*metabolism ; Potassium Channels/*metabolism ; *Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated ; Shab Potassium Channels ; Sodium/*metabolism
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  • 162
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    Attenuated retrovirus vaccines and AIDS (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, P A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 17;270(5239):1219-20; author reply 1220-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7502054" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *AIDS Vaccines ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Female ; HIV Infections/*prevention & control/transmission ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/pathogenicity ; Vaccination ; Vaccines, Attenuated
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  • 163
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    Thumbs, tools, and early humans (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1995-04-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hamrick, M W -- Inouye, S E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Apr 28;268(5210):586-7; author reply 589.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7725112" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Fossils ; Gorilla gorilla/*anatomy & histology ; History, Ancient ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Motor Skills ; Pan troglodytes/anatomy & histology ; Thumb/*anatomy & histology
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  • 164
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    Domain interaction between NMDA receptor subunits and the postsynaptic density protein PSD-95 (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-09-22
    Description: The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subserves synaptic glutamate-induced transmission and plasticity in central neurons. The yeast two-hybrid system was used to show that the cytoplasmic tails of NMDA receptor subunits interact with a prominent postsynaptic density protein PSD-95. The second PDZ domain in PSD-95 binds to the seven-amino acid, COOH-terminal domain containing the terminal tSXV motif (where S is serine, X is any amino acid, and V is valine) common to NR2 subunits and certain NR1 splice forms. Transcripts encoding PSD-95 are expressed in a pattern similar to that of NMDA receptors, and the NR2B subunit co-localizes with PSD-95 in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. The interaction of these proteins may affect the plasticity of excitatory synapses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kornau, H C -- Schenker, L T -- Kennedy, M B -- Seeburg, P H -- NS-28710/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 22;269(5231):1737-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH), University of Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569905" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytoplasm/chemistry ; Genes, Reporter ; Hippocampus/*metabolism ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Membrane Proteins ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/*metabolism ; RNA Splicing ; Rats ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 165
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    The centromere: hub of chromosomal activities (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-12-08
    Description: Centromeres are the structures that direct eukaryotic chromosome segregation in mitosis and meiosis. There are two major classes of centromeres. Point centromeres, found in the budding yeasts, are compact loci whose constituent proteins are now beginning to yield to biochemical analysis. Regional centromeres, best described in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, encompass many kilobases of DNA and are packaged into heterochromatin. Their associated proteins are as yet poorly understood. In addition to providing the site for microtubule attachment, centromeres also have an important role in checkpoint regulation during mitosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pluta, A F -- Mackay, A M -- Ainsztein, A M -- Goldberg, I G -- Earnshaw, W C -- GM35212/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Dec 8;270(5242):1591-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7502067" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaphase ; Animals ; Centromere/chemistry/*physiology ; Chromosomes/*physiology ; DNA/metabolism ; Heterochromatin/chemistry/physiology ; Humans ; Interphase ; Kinetochores/chemistry/physiology ; Microtubules/metabolism ; *Mitosis
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 166
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    Rescue of the En-1 mutant phenotype by replacement of En-1 with En-2 (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-08-04
    Description: The related mouse Engrailed genes En-1 and En-2 are expressed from the one- and approximately five-somite stages, respectively, in a similar presumptive mid-hindbrain domain. However, mutations in En-1 and En-2 produce different phenotypes. En-1 mutant mice die at birth with a large mid-hindbrain deletion, whereas En-2 mutants are viable, with cerebellar defects. To determine whether these contrasting phenotypes reflect differences in temporal expression or biochemical activity of the En proteins, En-1 coding sequences were replaced with En-2 sequences by gene targeting. This rescued all En-1 mutant defects, demonstrating that the difference between En-1 and En-2 stems from their divergent expression patterns.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hanks, M -- Wurst, W -- Anson-Cartwright, L -- Auerbach, A B -- Joyner, A L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 4;269(5224):679-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7624797" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/abnormalities/embryology ; Chimera ; Crosses, Genetic ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; *Gene Targeting ; *Genes, Homeobox ; Homeodomain Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Limb Deformities, Congenital ; Male ; Mice ; Mutation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Phenotype ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Recombination, Genetic ; Stem Cells ; Sternum/abnormalities
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  • 167
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    Excision of deoxyribose phosphate residues by DNA polymerase beta during DNA repair (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-08-04
    Description: Eukaryotic DNA polymerase beta (pol beta) can catalyze DNA synthesis during base excision DNA repair. It is shown here that pol beta also catalyzes release of 5'-terminal deoxyribose phosphate (dRP) residues from incised apurinic-apyrimidinic sites, which are common intermediate products in base excision repair. The catalytic domain for this activity resides within an amino-terminal 8-kilodalton fragment of pol beta, which comprises a distinct structural domain of the enzyme. Magnesium is required for the release of dRP from double-stranded DNA but not from a single-stranded oligonucleotide. Analysis of the released products indicates that the excision reaction occurs by beta-elimination rather than hydrolysis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Matsumoto, Y -- Kim, K -- CA06927/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA63154/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 4;269(5224):699-702.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Radiation Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7624801" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apurinic Acid ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; DNA/*metabolism ; DNA Ligases/metabolism ; DNA Polymerase I/*metabolism ; *DNA Repair ; DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase ; Deoxyribonuclease IV (Phage T4-Induced) ; Edetic Acid/pharmacology ; Hydrolysis ; Lyases/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polynucleotides ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rats ; Ribosemonophosphates/*metabolism ; Xenopus laevis
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 168
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    Risk assessments of low-level exposures (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-02-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, S J -- Chen, A T -- Caudill, S P -- Wetterhall, S F -- Sever, L E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Feb 3;267(5198):603-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7839131" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carcinogenicity Tests/statistics & numerical data ; Carcinogens/*administration & dosage/toxicity ; *Environmental Exposure ; Hazardous Substances/*administration & dosage/adverse effects ; Humans ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Occupational Exposure ; Risk Assessment
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 169
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    MHC class I gene expression (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kornguth, S -- Bersu, E -- Mack, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 3;270(5237):720-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7481756" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Fetus/metabolism ; Gene Dosage ; Gene Expression ; Genes, MHC Class I ; H-2 Antigens/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Mice ; Neurons/immunology/*metabolism ; Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta ; Receptors, Interferon/*genetics ; Trisomy
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  • 170
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    Tissue- and species-specific expression of sp56, a mouse sperm fertilization protein (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-07-07
    Description: Mouse sperm recognize and bind to ZP3, one of three glycoproteins in the egg's zona pellucida. A mouse sperm protein, sp56, was identified that has the characteristics expected of the sperm protein responsible for recognition of ZP3. The complementary DNA encoding sp56 was isolated, and its primary sequence indicates that sp56 is a member of a superfamily of protein receptors. It was shown that sp56 expression is restricted to mouse spermatids and that the presence or absence of sp56 on sperm from different species accounts for species specificity of sperm-egg recognition in mice.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bookbinder, L H -- Cheng, A -- Bleil, J D -- R01 HD 27847/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jul 7;269(5220):86-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Biology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7604284" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cricetinae ; Egg Proteins/*metabolism ; Female ; Guinea Pigs ; Humans ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins/*metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Organ Specificity ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/genetics ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*biosynthesis/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Species Specificity ; Sperm-Ovum Interactions/*physiology ; Spermatids/metabolism ; Spermatozoa/*metabolism ; Zona Pellucida/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 171
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    Glucocorticoids (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ray, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 17;270(5239):1103.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7502023" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Glucocorticoids/pharmacology ; Humans ; Interleukin-6/genetics ; NF-kappa B/*metabolism ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 172
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    Lateral interactions in primary visual cortex: a model bridging physiology and psychophysics (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-09-29
    Description: Recent physiological studies show that the spatial context of visual stimuli enhances the response of cells in primary visual cortex to weak stimuli and suppresses the response to strong stimuli. A model of orientation-tuned neurons was constructed to explore the role of lateral cortical connections in this dual effect. The differential effect of excitatory and inhibitory current and noise conveyed by the lateral connections explains the physiological results as well as the psychophysics of pop-out and contour completion. Exploiting the model's property of stochastic resonance, the visual context changes the model's intrinsic input variability to enhance the detection of weak signals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stemmler, M -- Usher, M -- Niebur, E -- MH45156/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH47566/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 29;269(5232):1877-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Computation and Neural Systems Program, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569930" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Geniculate Bodies/*physiology ; Macaca ; Membrane Potentials ; *Models, Neurological ; Neurons/*physiology ; Photic Stimulation ; Synaptic Transmission ; Visual Cortex/*physiology ; Visual Pathways ; *Visual Perception
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  • 173
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    Signals and communication (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-04-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ray, L B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Apr 14;268(5208):183.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7716502" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Communication ; Cell Compartmentation ; Humans ; *Signal Transduction
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 174
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    Separation of origin recognition complex functions by cross-species complementation (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-12-08
    Description: Transcriptional silencing at the HMRa locus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires the function of the origin recognition complex (ORC), the replication initiator of yeast. Expression of a Drosophila melanogaster Orc2 complementary DNA in the yeast orc2-1 strain, which is defective for replication and silencing, complemented the silencing defect but not the replication defect; this result indicated that the replication and silencing functions of ORC were separable. The orc2-1 mutation mapped to the region of greatest homology between the Drosophila and yeast proteins. The silent state mediated by DmOrc2 was epigenetic; it was propagated during mitotic divisions in a relatively stable way, whereas the nonsilent state was metastable. In contrast, the silent state was erased during meiosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ehrenhofer-Murray, A E -- Gossen, M -- Pak, D T -- Botchan, M R -- Rine, J -- GM31105/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Dec 8;270(5242):1671-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7502078" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cloning, Molecular ; *DNA Replication ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Drosophila Proteins ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics ; Fungal Proteins/genetics/physiology ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Fungal ; Genes, Insect ; Genetic Complementation Test ; Mutation ; Origin Recognition Complex ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; *Replication Origin ; Repressor Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics/physiology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Temperature ; Transformation, Genetic
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  • 175
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    Simultaneous identification of bacterial virulence genes by negative selection (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-07-21
    Description: An insertional mutagenesis system that uses transposons carrying unique DNA sequence tags was developed for the isolation of bacterial virulence genes. The tags from a mixed population of bacterial mutants representing the inoculum and bacteria recovered from infected hosts were detected by amplification, radiolabeling, and hybridization analysis. When applied to a murine model of typhoid fever caused by Salmonella typhimurium, mutants with attenuated virulence were revealed by use of tags that were present in the inoculum but not in bacteria recovered from infected mice. This approach resulted in the identification of new virulence genes, some of which are related to, but functionally distinct from, the inv/spa family of S. typhimurium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hensel, M -- Shea, J E -- Gleeson, C -- Jones, M D -- Dalton, E -- Holden, D W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jul 21;269(5222):400-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Infectious Diseases and Bacteriology, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7618105" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; *DNA Transposable Elements ; *Genes, Bacterial ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutagenesis, Insertional ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Salmonella Infections, Animal/*microbiology ; Salmonella typhimurium/genetics/*pathogenicity ; Sequence Tagged Sites ; Virulence/genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 176
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    Liposomes revisited (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-03-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lasic, D D -- Papahadjopoulos, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Mar 3;267(5202):1275-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉MegaBios Corporation, Burlingame, CA 94010.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7871422" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Doxorubicin/administration & dosage ; *Drug Carriers ; *Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Lipid Bilayers/chemistry ; *Liposomes/chemistry/pharmacokinetics ; Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Transfection
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  • 177
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    Cardiac malformation in neonatal mice lacking connexin43 (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-03-24
    Description: Gap junctions are made up of connexin proteins, which comprise a multigene family in mammals. Targeted mutagenesis of connexin43 (Cx43), one of the most prevalent connexin proteins, showed that its absence was compatible with survival of mouse embryos to term, even though mutant cell lines showed reduced dye coupling in vitro. However, mutant embryos died at birth, as a result of a failure in pulmonary gas exchange caused by a swelling and blockage of the right ventricular outflow tract from the heart. This finding suggests that Cx43 plays an essential role in heart development but that there is functional compensation among connexins in other parts of the developing fetus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reaume, A G -- de Sousa, P A -- Kulkarni, S -- Langille, B L -- Zhu, D -- Davies, T C -- Juneja, S C -- Kidder, G M -- Rossant, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Mar 24;267(5205):1831-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7892609" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Connexin 43/*genetics/*physiology ; Embryo, Mammalian/cytology ; Heart Defects, Congenital/*genetics/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Respiratory Transport/genetics ; Stem Cells ; Ventricular Outflow Obstruction/congenital/genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 178
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    Inflammatory bowel disease and adenomas in mice expressing a dominant negative N-cadherin (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-17
    Description: Cadherins mediate cell adhesion and are essential for normal development. Embryonic stem cells were transfected with a dominant negative N-cadherin mutant (NCAD delta) under the control of promoters active in small intestinal epithelial cells and then introduced into C57BL/6 mouse blastocysts. Analysis of adult chimeric mice revealed that expression of NCAD delta along the entire crypt-villus axis, but not in the villus epithelium alone, produced an inflammatory bowel disease resembling Crohn's disease. NCAD delta perturbed proliferation, migration, and death programs in crypts, which lead to adenomas. This model provides insights about cadherin function in an adult organ and the factors underlying inflammatory bowel disease and intestinal neoplasia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hermiston, M L -- Gordon, J I -- DK30292/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK39760/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 17;270(5239):1203-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7502046" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenoma/*etiology/metabolism/pathology ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cadherins/biosynthesis/genetics/*physiology ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Cell Movement ; Chimera ; Crohn Disease/etiology/immunology/metabolism/pathology ; Immunity, Mucosal ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/*etiology/immunology/metabolism/pathology ; Intestinal Mucosa/immunology/metabolism/*pathology ; Intestinal Neoplasms/*etiology/metabolism/pathology ; Intestine, Small/pathology ; Jejunum/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mutation ; Stem Cells ; Transfection
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 179
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    Estimating the age of the common ancestor of men from the ZFY intron (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-05-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fu, Y X -- Li, W H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 May 31;272(5266):1356-7; author reply 1361-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8650550" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bayes Theorem ; Biological Evolution ; Confidence Intervals ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*genetics ; *Genetics, Population ; Hominidae/*genetics ; Humans ; Introns/*genetics ; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors ; Male ; Mutation ; Population Density ; Probability ; Time Factors ; Transcription Factors/*genetics ; Y Chromosome/*genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 180
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    Conformational states of the nuclear pore complex induced by depletion of nuclear Ca2+ stores (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-09-27
    Description: The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is essential for the transit of molecules between the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm of a cell and until recently was thought to allow intermediate-sized molecules (relative molecular mass of approximately 10,000) to diffuse freely across the nuclear envelope. However, the depletion of calcium from the nuclear envelope of Xenopus laevis oocytes was shown to regulate the passage of intermediate-sized molecules. Two distinct conformational states of the NPC were observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. A central plug occluded the NPC channel after nuclear calcium stores had been depleted and free diffusion of intermediate-sized molecules had been blocked. Thus, the NPC conformation appears to gate molecular movement across the nuclear envelope.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Perez-Terzic, C -- Pyle, J -- Jaconi, M -- Stehno-Bittel, L -- Clapham, D E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Sep 27;273(5283):1875-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8791595" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/*metabolism ; Chelating Agents/pharmacology ; Diffusion ; Egtazic Acid/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Female ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/pharmacology ; Microscopy, Atomic Force ; Microscopy, Electron ; Nuclear Envelope/metabolism/*ultrastructure ; Oocytes ; Xenopus laevis
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The secreted product of Xenopus gene lunatic Fringe, a vertebrate signaling molecule (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-07-19
    Description: Signaling molecules are essential for vertebrate embryonic development. Here, two Xenopus homologs of the Drosophila gene fringe, lunatic Fringe (lFng) and radical Fringe (rFng), were identified and the protein product of lFng further characterized. The messenger RNA of lFng is supplied as a maternal message. Its product is a precursor protein consisting of pre-, pro-, and mature regions. The mature lunatic Fringe protein is secreted extracellularly, and it induced mesodermal tissue formation in animal cap assays. These results indicate that secreted lunatic Fringe can induce mesoderm and reveal that the Fringe proteins are a family of vertebrate signaling molecules.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2080353/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2080353/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wu, J Y -- Wen, L -- Zhang, W J -- Rao, Y -- R01 CA114197/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA114197-01A2/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY014576/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY014576-03/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM070967/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM070967-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jul 19;273(5273):355-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8662522" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Blastocyst/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; Culture Techniques ; Drosophila Proteins ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism ; Embryonic Development ; *Embryonic Induction ; *Glycosyltransferases ; Mesoderm/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*physiology/secretion ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Xenopus/*embryology/genetics ; *Xenopus Proteins
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  • 182
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    Toxicology of a PFPE surfactant (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-06-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johnston, K P -- Randolph, T -- Bright, F -- Howdle, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jun 21;272(5269):1726.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8650561" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Weight/drug effects ; Ethers/*toxicity ; Fluorocarbons/*toxicity ; Liver/*drug effects ; Organ Size/drug effects ; Rats ; Surface-Active Agents/*toxicity
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  • 183
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    Visualization of gene expression in living adult Drosophila (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-10-11
    Description: To identify genes involved in the patterning of adult structures, Gal4-UAS (upstream activating site) technology was used to visualize patterns of gene expression directly in living flies. A large number of Gal4 insertion lines were generated and their expression patterns were studied. In addition to identifying several characterized developmental genes, the approach revealed previously unsuspected genetic subdivisions of the thorax, which may control the disposition of pattern elements. The boundary between two of these domains coincides with localized expression of the signaling molecule wingless.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Calleja, M -- Moreno, E -- Pelaz, S -- Morata, G -- RG-372/94/RG/CSR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Oct 11;274(5285):252-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centro de Biologia Molecular, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid 28049, Spain. gmorata@mvax.cbm.uam.es〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8824191" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Drosophila/*genetics/growth & development ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Fungal Proteins/genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Genes ; Genes, Developmental ; *Genes, Insect ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Thorax/growth & development ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; Wnt1 Protein
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  • 184
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    Disputed results now just a footnote (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-07-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jul 12;273(5272):174-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8668989" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/*immunology ; Hybridomas ; Immune System/*immunology ; Immunoglobulin Idiotypes/biosynthesis/*immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic
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  • 185
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    Abnormal centrosome amplification in the absence of p53 (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-03-22
    Description: The centrosome plays a vital role in mitotic fidelity, ensuring establishment of bipolar spindles and balanced chromosome segregation. Centrosome duplication occurs only once during the cell cycle and is therefore highly regulated. Here, it is shown that in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) lacking the p53 tumor suppressor protein, multiple copies of functionally competent centrosomes are generated during a single cell cycle. In contrast, MEFs prepared from normal mice or mice deficient in the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene product do not display these abnormalities. The abnormally amplified centrosomes profoundly affect mitotic fidelity, resulting in unequal segregation of chromosomes. These observations implicate p53 in the regulation of centrosome duplication and suggest one possible mechanism by which the loss of p53 may cause genetic instability.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fukasawa, K -- Choi, T -- Kuriyama, R -- Rulong, S -- Vande Woude, G F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Mar 22;271(5256):1744-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉ABL-Basic Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8596939" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood ; Cells, Cultured ; Centrosome/*metabolism ; Culture Media ; Fibroblasts ; Genes, Retinoblastoma ; Genes, p53 ; *Interphase ; Mice ; *Mitosis ; Spindle Apparatus/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 186
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    Role of lipid polymorphism in pulmonary surfactant (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-07-19
    Description: The development of artificial surfactants for the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) requires lipid systems that can spread rapidly from solution to the air-water interface. Because hydration-repulsion forces stabilize liposomal bilayers and oppose spreading, liposome systems that undergo geometric rearrangement from the bilayer (lamellar) phase to the hexagonal II (HII) phase could hasten lipid transfer to the air-water interface through unstable transition intermediates. A liposome system containing dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine was designed; the system is stable at 23 degrees C but undergoes transformation to the HII phase as the temperature increases to 37 degrees C. The spreading of lipid from this system to the air-water interface was rapid at 37 degrees C but slow at 23 degrees C. When tested in vivo in a neonatal rabbit model, such systems elicited an onset of action equal to that of native human surfactant. These findings suggest that lipid polymorphic phase behavior may have a crucial role in the effective functioning of pulmonary surfactant.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Perkins, W R -- Dause, R B -- Parente, R A -- Minchey, S R -- Neuman, K C -- Gruner, S M -- Taraschi, T F -- Janoff, A S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jul 19;273(5273):330-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Liposome Company, Inc., 1 Research Way, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8662513" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine/*chemistry/pharmacology ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Chemistry, Physical ; Cholesterol/*chemistry/pharmacology ; Lipid Bilayers ; Liposomes/*chemistry/pharmacology ; Lung Compliance/*drug effects ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Phosphatidylethanolamines/*chemistry/pharmacology ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Pulmonary Surfactants/*chemistry/pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Surface Properties ; Surface Tension ; Temperature ; X-Ray Diffraction
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  • 187
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    Hippocampal cell death (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-05-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cahill, L -- Haigler, H J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 May 31;272(5266):1251.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8650532" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/*pharmacology ; *Aging ; Animals ; Cell Death ; Enkephalin, Methionine/*pharmacology ; Hippocampus/*cytology ; Humans ; Memory ; Pyramidal Cells/cytology/*drug effects/physiology ; Rats
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  • 188
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    RAC regulation of actin polymerization and proliferation by a pathway distinct from Jun kinase (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-11-22
    Description: The RAC guanine nucleotide binding proteins regulate multiple biological activities, including actin polymerization, activation of the Jun kinase (JNK) cascade, and cell proliferation. RAC effector loop mutants were identified that separate the ability of RAC to interact with different downstream effectors. One mutant of activated human RAC protein, RACV12H40 (with valine and histidine substituted at position 12 and 40, respectively), was defective in binding to PAK3, a Ste20-related p21-activated kinase (PAK), but bound to POR1, a RAC-binding protein. This mutant failed to stimulate PAK and JNK activity but still induced membrane ruffling and mediated transformation. A second mutant, RACV12L37 (with leucine substituted at position 37), which bound PAK but not POR1, induced JNK activation but was defective in inducing membrane ruffling and transformation. These results indicate that the effects of RAC on the JNK cascade and on actin polymerization and cell proliferation are mediated by distinct effector pathways that diverge at the level of RAC itself.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Joneson, T -- McDonough, M -- Bar-Sagi, D -- Van Aelst, L -- CA55360/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Nov 22;274(5291):1374-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8910277" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3T3 Cells ; Actins/*metabolism ; *Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Animals ; COS Cells ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; *Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Transformed ; Cell Membrane/ultrastructure ; Enzyme Activation ; GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Humans ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Mice ; *Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Mutagenesis ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Rats ; Transfection ; p21-Activated Kinases ; rac GTP-Binding Proteins
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  • 189
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    Categorical perception of sound frequency by crickets (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1996-09-13
    Description: Partitioning continuously varying stimuli into categories is a fundamental problem of perception. One solution to this problem, categorical perception, is known primarily from human speech, but also occurs in other modalities and in some mammals and birds. Categorical perception was tested in crickets by using two paradigms of human psychophysics, labeling and habituation-dishabituation. The results show that crickets divide sound frequency categorically between attractive (〈16 kilohertz) and repulsive (〉16 kilohertz) sounds. There is sharp discrimination between these categories but no discrimination between different frequencies of ultrasound. This demonstration of categorical perception in an invertebrate suggests that categorical perception may be a basic and widespread feature of sensory systems, from humans to invertebrates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wyttenbach, R A -- May, M L -- Hoy, R R -- K05-MH1148/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01-CD00103/CD/ODCDC CDC HHS/ -- T32-MN15793/MN/OMHHE CDC HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Sep 13;273(5281):1542-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-2702, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8703214" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Auditory Perception ; Gryllidae/*physiology ; *Pitch Discrimination
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  • 190
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    U1-mediated exon definition interactions between AT-AC and GT-AG introns (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1996-11-08
    Description: A minor class of metazoan introns has well-conserved splice sites with 5'-AU-AC-3' boundaries, compared to the 5'-GU-AG-3' boundaries and degenerate splice sites of conventional introns. Splicing of the AT-AC intron 2 of a sodium channel (SCN4A) precursor messenger RNA in vitro did not require inhibition of conventional splicing and required adenosine triphosphate, magnesium, and U12 small nuclear RNA (snRNA). When exon 3 was followed by the 5' splice site from the downstream conventional intron, splicing of intron 2 was greatly stimulated. This effect was U1 snRNA-dependent, unlike the basal AT-AC splicing reaction. Therefore, U1-mediated exon definition interactions can coordinate the activities of major and minor spliceosomes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wu, Q -- Krainer, A R -- GM42699/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Nov 8;274(5289):1005-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Post Office Box 100, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724-2208, USA. krainer@cshl.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8875927" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/pharmacology ; Animals ; *Exons ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; *Introns ; Magnesium/pharmacology ; *RNA Splicing ; RNA, Small Nuclear/*metabolism ; Ribonucleoprotein, U1 Small Nuclear/metabolism ; Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear/metabolism ; Sodium Channels/*genetics ; Spliceosomes/genetics
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  • 191
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    Inhibition of myogenic bHLH and MEF2 transcription factors by the bHLH protein Twist (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1996-06-07
    Description: The myogenic basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) and MEF2 transcription factors are expressed in the myotome of developing somites and cooperatively activate skeletal muscle gene expression. The bHLH protein Twist is expressed throughout the epithelial somite and is subsequently excluded from the myotome. Ectopically expressed mouse Twist (Mtwist) was shown to inhibit myogenesis by blocking DNA binding by MyoD, by titrating E proteins, and by inhibiting trans-activation by MEF2. For inhibition of MEF2, Mtwist required heterodimerization with E proteins and an intact basic domain and carboxyl-terminus. Thus, Mtwist inhibits both families of myogenic regulators and may regulate myotome formation temporally or spatially.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Spicer, D B -- Rhee, J -- Cheung, W L -- Lassar, A B -- 5-F32-AR08214-02/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jun 7;272(5267):1476-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8633239" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Creatine Kinase/genetics ; DNA/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Drosophila ; Drosophila Proteins ; Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs/*physiology ; Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1 ; MEF2 Transcription Factors ; Mice ; Muscle, Skeletal/*cytology/metabolism ; MyoD Protein/metabolism/physiology ; Myogenic Regulatory Factors ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/metabolism/*physiology ; *Repressor Proteins ; TCF Transcription Factors ; Transcription Factor 7-Like 1 Protein ; Transcription Factors/*antagonists & ; inhibitors/chemistry/genetics/metabolism/physiology ; Transcriptional Activation ; Transfection ; Twist Transcription Factor
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  • 192
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    Identification of BIME as a subunit of the anaphase-promoting complex (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-11-15
    Description: The initiation of anaphase and exit from mitosis require the activation of a proteolytic system that ubiquitinates and degrades cyclin B. The regulated component of this system is a large ubiquitin ligase complex, termed the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) or cyclosome. Purified Xenopus laevis APC was found to be composed of eight major subunits, at least four of which became phosphorylated in mitosis. In addition to CDC27, CDC16, and CDC23, APC contained a homolog of Aspergillus nidulans BIME, a protein essential for anaphase. Because mutation of bimE can bypass the interphase arrest induced by either nimA mutation or unreplicated DNA, it appears that ubiquitination catalyzed by APC may also negatively regulate entry into mitosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peters, J M -- King, R W -- Hoog, C -- Kirschner, M W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Nov 15;274(5290):1199-201.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8895470" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; *Anaphase ; Animals ; Aspergillus/chemistry/cytology/metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Cyclins/metabolism ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Fungal Proteins/analysis/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Ligases/*chemistry/metabolism ; *Mitosis ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Ovum ; Phosphorylation ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ; Xenopus laevis
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  • 193
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    Appetite-suppressing effects of urocortin, a CRF-related neuropeptide (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-09-13
    Description: The neuropeptide corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is well known to act on the central nervous system in ways that mimic stress and result in decreases in exploration, increases in sympathetic activity, decreases in parasympathetic outflow, and decreases in appetitive behavior. Urocortin, a neuropeptide related to CRF, binds with high affinity to the CRF2 receptor, is more potent than CRF in suppressing appetite, but is less potent than CRF in producing anxiety-like effects and activation. Doses as low as 10 nanograms injected intracerebroventricularly were effective in decreasing food intake in food-deprived and free-feeding rats. These results suggest that urocortin may be an endogenous CRF-like factor in the brain responsible for the effects of stress on appetite.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Spina, M -- Merlo-Pich, E -- Chan, R K -- Basso, A M -- Rivier, J -- Vale, W -- Koob, G F -- 1 F05 TW05262/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- DK 26741/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Sep 13;273(5281):1561-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuropharmacology, Scripps Research Institute, 10666 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8703220" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Appetite/*drug effects ; Appetite Depressants/administration & dosage/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Blood Pressure/drug effects ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/administration & dosage/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Eating/drug effects ; Fasting ; Injections, Intraventricular ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/metabolism ; Urocortins ; Urotensins/pharmacology
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 194
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    Stimulation of membrane ruffling and MAP kinase activation by distinct effectors of RAS (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-02-09
    Description: The RAS guanine nucleotide binding proteins activate multiple signaling events that regulate cell growth and differentiation. In quiescent fibroblasts, ectopic expression of activated H-RAS (H-RASV12, where V12 indicates valine-12) induces membrane ruffling, mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation, and stimulation of DNA synthesis. A mutant of activated H-RAS, H-RASV12C40 (where C40 indicates cysteine-40), was identified that was defective for MAP kinase activation and stimulation of DNA synthesis, but retained the ability to induce membrane ruffling. Another mutant of activated H-RAS, H-RASV12S35 (where S35 indicates serine-35), which activates MAP kinase, was defective for stimulation of membrane ruffling and induction of DNA synthesis. Expression of both mutants resulted in a stimulation of DNA synthesis that was comparable to that induced by H-RASV12. These results indicate that membrane ruffling and activation of MAP kinase represent distinct RAS effector pathways and that input from both pathways is required for the mitogenic activity of RAS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Joneson, T -- White, M A -- Wigler, M H -- Bar-Sagi, D -- CA 55360/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Feb 9;271(5250):810-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, State University of New York at Stony Brook 11794, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8628998" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/*ultrastructure ; DNA/biosynthesis ; Enzyme Activation ; GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Microinjections ; Mutation ; Plasmids ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; rac GTP-Binding Proteins ; ras Proteins/genetics/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 195
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    An enhanced immune response in mice lacking the transcription factor NFAT1 (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-05-10
    Description: Transcription factors of the NFAT family are thought to play a major role in regulating the expression of cytokine genes and other inducible genes during the immune response. The role of NFAT1 was investigated by targeted disruption of the NFAT1 gene. Unexpectedly, cells from NFAT1 -/- mice showed increased primary responses to Leishmania major and mounted increased secondary responses to ovalbumin in vitro. In an in vivo model of allergic inflammation, the accumulation of eosinophils and levels of serum immunoglobulin E were increased in NFAT1 -/- mice. These results suggest that NFAT1 exerts a negative regulatory influence on the immune response.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xanthoudakis, S -- Viola, J P -- Shaw, K T -- Luo, C -- Wallace, J D -- Bozza, P T -- Luk, D C -- Curran, T -- Rao, A -- CA42471/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM46227/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA21765/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 May 10;272(5263):892-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neurogenetics Program, Department of CNS Research, Hoffmann-LaRoche, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8629027" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, Protozoan/immunology ; Cell Line ; Cytokines/biosynthesis ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Eosinophils/immunology ; Gene Targeting ; Hypersensitivity/*immunology ; *Immunity ; Immunoglobulin E/biosynthesis ; Immunologic Memory ; Leishmania major/immunology ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NFATC Transcription Factors ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Ovalbumin/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 196
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    Programmed cell death (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-10-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fulton, A B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Oct 4;274(5284):20-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8848715" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis ; *Biological Evolution ; *Chlorophyta ; *Plants
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 197
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    Antigen presentation and T cell development in H2-M-deficient mice (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-03-01
    Description: HLA-DM (DM) facilitates peptide loading of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules in human cell lines. Mice lacking functional H2-M, the mouse equivalent of DM, have normal amounts of class II molecules at the cell surface, but most of these are associated with invariant chain-derived CLIP peptides. These mice contain large numbers of CD4+ T cells, which is indicative of positive selection in the thymus. Their CD4+ cells were unresponsive to self H2-M-deficient antigen-presenting cells (APCs) but were hyperreactive to wild-type APCs. H2-M-deficient APCs failed to elicit proliferative responses from wild-type T cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fung-Leung, W P -- Surh, C D -- Liljedahl, M -- Pang, J -- Leturcq, D -- Peterson, P A -- Webb, S R -- Karlsson, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Mar 1;271(5253):1278-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉R. W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8638109" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antigen Presentation ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/*immunology ; Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/immunology/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Gene Targeting ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/genetics/*immunology/metabolism ; Isoantigens/immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 198
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    Coupling of the RAS-MAPK pathway to gene activation by RSK2, a growth factor-regulated CREB kinase (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-08-16
    Description: A signaling pathway has been elucidated whereby growth factors activate the transcription factor cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (CREB), a critical regulator of immediate early gene transcription. Growth factor-stimulated CREB phosphorylation at serine-133 is mediated by the RAS-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. MAPK activates CREB kinase, which in turn phosphorylates and activates CREB. Purification, sequencing, and biochemical characterization of CREB kinase revealed that it is identical to a member of the pp90(RSK) family, RSK2. RSK2 was shown to mediate growth factor induction of CREB serine-133 phosphorylation both in vitro and in vivo. These findings identify a cellular function for RSK2 and define a mechanism whereby growth factor signals mediated by RAS and MAPK are transmitted to the nucleus to activate gene expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xing, J -- Ginty, D D -- Greenberg, M E -- CA43855/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- NS34814-01/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P30-HD18655/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Aug 16;273(5277):959-63.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8688081" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/*metabolism ; Epidermal Growth Factor/pharmacology ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Growth Substances/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nerve Growth Factors/pharmacology ; PC12 Cells ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism ; Rats ; Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases ; *Signal Transduction ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology ; Transcriptional Activation ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; ras Proteins/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 199
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    Cooperative DNA binding and sequence-selective recognition conferred by the STAT amino-terminal domain (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-08-09
    Description: STAT proteins (signal transducers and activators of transcription) activate distinct target genes despite having similar DNA binding preferences. The transcriptional specificity of STAT proteins was investigated on natural STAT binding sites near the interferon-gamma gene. These sites are arranged in multiple copies and required cooperative interactions for STAT binding. The conserved amino-terminal domain of STAT proteins was required for cooperative DNA binding, although this domain was not essential for dimerization or binding to a single site. Cooperative binding interactions enabled the STAT proteins to recognize variations of the consensus site. These sites can be specific for the different STAT proteins and may function to direct selective transcriptional activation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xu, X -- Sun, Y L -- Hoey, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Aug 9;273(5276):794-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Tularik, Two Corporate Drive, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8670419" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; DNA/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/immunology/*metabolism ; Interferon-gamma/genetics ; Introns ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; STAT1 Transcription Factor ; STAT4 Transcription Factor ; Sequence Deletion ; Signal Transduction ; Trans-Activators/chemistry/immunology/*metabolism ; *Transcriptional Activation
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 200
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    IRAK: a kinase associated with the interleukin-1 receptor (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-02-23
    Description: The pleiotropic biological activities of interleukin-1 (IL-1) are mediated by its type I receptor (IL-1RI). When the ligand binds, IL-1RI initiates a signaling cascade that results in the activation of the transcription regulator nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B). A protein kinase designated IRAK (IL-1 receptor-associated kinase) was purified, and its complementary DNA was molecularly cloned. When human embryonic kidney cells (cell line 293) over-expressing IL-1RI or HeLa cells were exposed to IL-1, IRAK rapidly associated with the IL-1RI complex and was phosphorylated. The primary amino acid sequence of IRAK shares similarity with that of Pelle, a protein kinase that is essential for the activation of a NF-kappa B homolog in Drosophila.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cao, Z -- Henzel, W J -- Gao, X -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Feb 23;271(5252):1128-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Biology Department, Tularik, Incorporated, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8599092" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; Drosophila ; *Drosophila Proteins ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Interleukin-1/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinases/chemistry/genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/chemistry ; Receptors, Interleukin-1/*metabolism ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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