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  • Binding Sites  (65)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (65)
  • Wiley
  • 1995-1999  (65)
  • 1999  (65)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (65)
  • Wiley
Years
  • 1995-1999  (65)
Year
  • 1
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    Biological hydrogen production: not so elementary (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-01-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Adams, M W -- Stiefel, E I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 4;282(5395):1842-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. adams@bmb.uga.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9874636" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Carbon Monoxide/chemistry ; Clostridium/*enzymology ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cyanides/chemistry ; Humans ; Hydrogen/*metabolism ; Hydrogenase/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Iron/chemistry ; Ligands ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Pyruvic Acid/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Crystal structure of invasin: a bacterial integrin-binding protein (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-10-09
    Description: The Yersinia pseudotuberculosis invasin protein promotes bacterial entry by binding to host cell integrins with higher affinity than natural substrates such as fibronectin. The 2.3 angstrom crystal structure of the invasin extracellular region reveals five domains that form a 180 angstrom rod with structural similarities to tandem fibronectin type III domains. The integrin-binding surfaces of invasin and fibronectin include similarly located key residues, but in the context of different folds and surface shapes. The structures of invasin and fibronectin provide an example of convergent evolution, in which invasin presents an optimized surface for integrin binding, in comparison with host substrates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hamburger, Z A -- Brown, M S -- Isberg, R R -- Bjorkman, P J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 8;286(5438):291-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology 156-29, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10514372" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adhesins, Bacterial ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Evolution, Molecular ; Fibronectins/chemistry/metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Integrins/*metabolism ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Yersinia pseudotuberculosis/*chemistry/metabolism
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  • 3
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    Affinity-driven peptide selection of an NFAT inhibitor more selective than cyclosporin A (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-09-25
    Description: The flow of information from calcium-mobilizing receptors to nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)-dependent genes is critically dependent on interaction between the phosphatase calcineurin and the transcription factor NFAT. A high-affinity calcineurin-binding peptide was selected from combinatorial peptide libraries based on the calcineurin docking motif of NFAT. This peptide potently inhibited NFAT activation and NFAT-dependent expression of endogenous cytokine genes in T cells, without affecting the expression of other cytokines that require calcineurin but not NFAT. Substitution of the optimized peptide sequence into the natural calcineurin docking site increased the calcineurin responsiveness of NFAT. Compounds that interfere selectively with the calcineurin-NFAT interaction without affecting calcineurin phosphatase activity may be useful as therapeutic agents that are less toxic than current drugs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aramburu, J -- Yaffe, M B -- Lopez-Rodriguez, C -- Cantley, L C -- Hogan, P G -- Rao, A -- R01 AI 40127/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM056203/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL 03601/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R43 AI 43726/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 24;285(5436):2129-33.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10497131" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Calcineurin/*metabolism ; Calcineurin Inhibitors ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cyclosporine/pharmacology ; Cytokines/biosynthesis/genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Reporter ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Jurkat Cells ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NFATC Transcription Factors ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Oligopeptides/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Peptide Library ; Peptides/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Phosphorylation ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes/*drug effects/immunology ; Transcription Factors/*antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/metabolism ; Transfection
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  • 4
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    Shifting RNA polymerase into overdrive (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-05-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Landick, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 23;284(5414):598-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA. landick@macc.wisc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10328742" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Pairing ; Binding Sites ; DNA/chemistry/*metabolism ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/genetics/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli/enzymology/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Models, Genetic ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Terminator Regions, Genetic ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Viral Proteins/metabolism
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  • 5
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    Visualization of dioxygen bound to copper during enzyme catalysis (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-11-27
    Description: X-ray crystal structures of three species related to the oxidative half of the reaction of the copper-containing quinoprotein amine oxidase from Escherichia coli have been determined. Crystals were freeze-trapped either anaerobically or aerobically after exposure to substrate, and structures were determined to resolutions between 2.1 and 2.4 angstroms. The oxidation state of the quinone cofactor was investigated by single-crystal spectrophotometry. The structures reveal the site of bound dioxygen and the proton transfer pathways involved in oxygen reduction. The quinone cofactor is regenerated from the iminoquinone intermediate by hydrolysis involving Asp383, the catalytic base in the reductive half-reaction. Product aldehyde inhibits the hydrolysis, making release of product the rate-determining step of the reaction in the crystal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilmot, C M -- Hajdu, J -- McPherson, M J -- Knowles, P F -- Phillips, S E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 26;286(5445):1724-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10576737" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aerobiosis ; Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Anaerobiosis ; Aspartic Acid/chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Copper/*metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dihydroxyphenylalanine/*analogs & derivatives/chemistry/metabolism ; Dimerization ; Electrons ; Escherichia coli/enzymology ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/*metabolism ; Phenethylamines/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protons ; Spectrum Analysis
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  • 6
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    Identification of an RNA-protein bridge spanning the ribosomal subunit interface (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-09-25
    Description: The 7.8 angstrom crystal structure of the 70S ribosome reveals a discrete double-helical bridge (B4) that projects from the 50S subunit, making contact with the 30S subunit. Preliminary modeling studies localized its contact site, near the bottom of the platform, to the binding site for ribosomal protein S15. Directed hydroxyl radical probing from iron(II) tethered to S15 specifically cleaved nucleotides in the 715 loop of domain II of 23S ribosomal RNA, one of the known sites in 23S ribosomal RNA that are footprinted by the 30S subunit. Reconstitution studies show that protection of the 715 loop, but none of the other 30S-dependent protections, is correlated with the presence of S15 in the 30S subunit. The 715 loop is specifically protected by binding free S15 to 50S subunits. Moreover, the previously determined structure of a homologous stem-loop from U2 small nuclear RNA fits closely to the electron density of the bridge.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Culver, G M -- Cate, J H -- Yusupova, G Z -- Yusupov, M M -- Noller, H F -- 1F32GM18065-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-17129/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-59140/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 24;285(5436):2133-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Molecular Biology of RNA, Sinsheimer Laboratories, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10497132" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Escherichia coli/chemistry ; Hydroxyl Radical ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Protein Conformation ; RNA, Bacterial/*chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Ribosomal, 23S/*chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Small Nuclear/chemistry/metabolism ; Ribosomal Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Ribosomes/*chemistry/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Thermus thermophilus/chemistry
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  • 7
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    Perspectives: protein structure. Class-conscious TCR? (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-12-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, I A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 3;286(5446):1867-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. wilson@scripps.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10610577" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens/*chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/*chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Peptides/chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/*chemistry/immunology/metabolism
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  • 8
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    GTP binding by class II transactivator: role in nuclear import (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-08-28
    Description: Class II transactivator (CIITA) is a global transcriptional coactivator of human leukocyte antigen-D (HLA-D) genes. CIITA contains motifs similar to guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding proteins. This report shows that CIITA binds GTP, and mutations in these motifs decrease its GTP-binding and transactivation activity. Substitution of these motifs with analogous sequences from Ras restores CIITA function. CIITA exhibits little GTPase activity, yet mutations in CIITA that confer GTPase activity reduce transcriptional activity. GTP binding by CIITA correlates with nuclear import. Thus, unlike other GTP-binding proteins, CIITA is involved in transcriptional activation that uses GTP binding to facilitate its own nuclear import.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harton, J A -- Cressman, D E -- Chin, K C -- Der, C J -- Ting, J P -- AI29564/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI41751/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI45580/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 27;285(5432):1402-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10464099" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; COS Cells ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/*metabolism ; GTP-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Genes, MHC Class II ; Guanosine Triphosphate/*metabolism ; HLA-DR Antigens/genetics ; Humans ; Mutation ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Temperature ; Trans-Activators/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; *Transcriptional Activation
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  • 9
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    Chaperonin function: folding by forced unfolding (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-04-30
    Description: The ability of the GroEL chaperonin to unfold a protein trapped in a misfolded condition was detected and studied by hydrogen exchange. The GroEL-induced unfolding of its substrate protein is only partial, requires the complete chaperonin system, and is accomplished within the 13 seconds required for a single system turnover. The binding of nucleoside triphosphate provides the energy for a single unfolding event; multiple turnovers require adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis. The substrate protein is released on each turnover even if it has not yet refolded to the native state. These results suggest that GroEL helps partly folded but blocked proteins to fold by causing them first to partially unfold. The structure of GroEL seems well suited to generate the nonspecific mechanical stretching force required for forceful protein unfolding.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3427652/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3427652/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shtilerman, M -- Lorimer, G H -- Englander, S W -- GM31847/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM031847/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 30;284(5415):822-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Johnson Research Foundation, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10221918" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Chaperonin 10/chemistry/metabolism/physiology ; Chaperonin 60/chemistry/metabolism/*physiology ; Hydrogen/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; *Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/*chemistry/metabolism
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  • 10
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    AP-2 recruitment to synaptotagmin stimulated by tyrosine-based endocytic motifs (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-08-24
    Description: Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is initiated by the recruitment of the clathrin adaptor protein AP-2 to the plasma membrane where the membrane protein synaptotagmin is thought to act as a docking site. AP-2 also interacts with endocytic motifs present in other cargo proteins. Peptides with a tyrosine-based endocytic motif stimulated binding of AP-2 to synaptotagmin and enhanced AP-2 recruitment to the plasma membrane of neuronal and non-neuronal cells. This suggests a mechanism by which nucleation of clathrin-coated pits is stimulated by the loading of cargo proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haucke, V -- De Camilli, P -- CA46128/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- NS36252/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 20;285(5431):1268-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10455054" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Protein Complex alpha Subunits ; Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; CHO Cells ; *Calcium-Binding Proteins ; Cattle ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Clathrin/*metabolism ; Coated Pits, Cell-Membrane/*metabolism ; Cricetinae ; *Endocytosis ; Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Neurons/metabolism ; Oligopeptides/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Phospholipase D/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Synaptic Membranes/*metabolism ; Synaptotagmins ; Tyrosine/chemistry
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  • 11
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    An activating immunoreceptor complex formed by NKG2D and DAP10 (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-07-31
    Description: Many immune receptors are composed of separate ligand-binding and signal-transducing subunits. In natural killer (NK) and T cells, DAP10 was identified as a cell surface adaptor protein in an activating receptor complex with NKG2D, a receptor for the stress-inducible and tumor-associated major histocompatibility complex molecule MICA. Within the DAP10 cytoplasmic domain, an Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-binding site was capable of recruiting the p85 subunit of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase), providing for NKG2D-dependent signal transduction. Thus, NKG2D-DAP10 receptor complexes may activate NK and T cell responses against MICA-bearing tumors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wu, J -- Song, Y -- Bakker, A B -- Bauer, S -- Spies, T -- Lanier, L L -- Phillips, J H -- AI30581/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 30;285(5428):730-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉DNAX Research Institute, 901 California Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10426994" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural/*immunology/metabolism ; Ligands ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K ; Neoplasms/immunology ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotyrosine/metabolism ; Receptors, Immunologic/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Natural Killer Cell ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/metabolism ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; src Homology Domains
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  • 12
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    Function is structure (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-10-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liljas, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 24;285(5436):2077-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden. anders.liljas@mbfys.lu.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10523206" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anticodon ; Bacterial Proteins/biosynthesis/chemistry ; Binding Sites ; Codon ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Peptide Elongation Factors/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; RNA, Bacterial/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Ribosomal/chemistry ; RNA, Transfer/chemistry/metabolism ; Ribosomal Proteins/chemistry ; Ribosomes/*chemistry/*physiology/ultrastructure
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  • 13
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    Respiration without O2 (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-07-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hederstedt, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 18;284(5422):1941-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. Lars.Hederstedt@mikrbiol.lu.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10400536" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaerobiosis ; Bacillus subtilis/enzymology ; Binding Sites ; Cell Membrane/enzymology ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Electron Transport ; *Energy Metabolism ; Escherichia coli/*enzymology ; Evolution, Molecular ; Fumarates/metabolism ; Mitochondria/enzymology ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen Consumption ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Succinate Dehydrogenase/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Succinic Acid/metabolism
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  • 14
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    Insights into editing from an ile-tRNA synthetase structure with tRNAile and mupirocin (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-08-14
    Description: Isoleucyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) synthetase (IleRS) joins Ile to tRNA(Ile) at its synthetic active site and hydrolyzes incorrectly acylated amino acids at its editing active site. The 2.2 angstrom resolution crystal structure of Staphylococcus aureus IleRS complexed with tRNA(Ile) and Mupirocin shows the acceptor strand of the tRNA(Ile) in the continuously stacked, A-form conformation with the 3' terminal nucleotide in the editing active site. To position the 3' terminus in the synthetic active site, the acceptor strand must adopt the hairpinned conformation seen in tRNA(Gln) complexed with its synthetase. The amino acid editing activity of the IleRS may result from the incorrect products shuttling between the synthetic and editing active sites, which is reminiscent of the editing mechanism of DNA polymerases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Silvian, L F -- Wang, J -- Steitz, T A -- GM22778/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 13;285(5430):1074-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biophysics, Yale University, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New Haven, CT 06520-8114, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10446055" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acylation ; Adenosine Monophosphate/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Amino Acids/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism ; Glutamate-tRNA Ligase/chemistry/metabolism ; Isoleucine/metabolism ; Isoleucine-tRNA Ligase/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Mupirocin/chemistry/*metabolism ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Oligopeptides/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; RNA, Transfer, Gln/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Transfer, Ile/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Staphylococcus aureus/enzymology ; Substrate Specificity
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  • 15
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    Structure of the VHL-ElonginC-ElonginB complex: implications for VHL tumor suppressor function (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-04-16
    Description: Mutation of the VHL tumor suppressor is associated with the inherited von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) cancer syndrome and the majority of kidney cancers. VHL binds the ElonginC-ElonginB complex and regulates levels of hypoxia-inducible proteins. The structure of the ternary complex at 2.7 angstrom resolution shows two interfaces, one between VHL and ElonginC and another between ElonginC and ElonginB. Tumorigenic mutations frequently occur in a 35-residue domain of VHL responsible for ElonginC binding. A mutational patch on a separate domain of VHL indicates a second macromolecular binding site. The structure extends the similarities to the SCF (Skp1-Cul1-F-box protein) complex that targets proteins for degradation, supporting the hypothesis that VHL may function in an analogous pathway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stebbins, C E -- Kaelin, W G Jr -- Pavletich, N P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 16;284(5413):455-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10205047" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cell Cycle Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; *Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; *Ligases ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Mutation, Missense ; Neoplasms/genetics ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; S-Phase Kinase-Associated Proteins ; Surface Properties ; Transcription Factors/*chemistry/metabolism ; *Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; *Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ; Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein ; von Hippel-Lindau Disease/*genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    Structural basis of Smad2 recognition by the Smad anchor for receptor activation (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-12-30
    Description: The Smad proteins mediate transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) signaling from the transmembrane serine-threonine receptor kinases to the nucleus. The Smad anchor for receptor activation (SARA) recruits Smad2 to the TGFbeta receptors for phosphorylation. The crystal structure of a Smad2 MH2 domain in complex with the Smad-binding domain (SBD) of SARA has been determined at 2.2 angstrom resolution. SARA SBD, in an extended conformation comprising a rigid coil, an alpha helix, and a beta strand, interacts with the beta sheet and the three-helix bundle of Smad2. Recognition between the SARA rigid coil and the Smad2 beta sheet is essential for specificity, whereas interactions between the SARA beta strand and the Smad2 three-helix bundle contribute significantly to binding affinity. Comparison of the structures between Smad2 and a comediator Smad suggests a model for how receptor-regulated Smads are recognized by the type I receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wu, G -- Chen, Y G -- Ozdamar, B -- Gyuricza, C A -- Chong, P A -- Wrana, J L -- Massague, J -- Shi, Y -- CA85171/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jan 7;287(5450):92-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10615055" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Activin Receptors, Type I ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Carrier Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phosphorylation ; Point Mutation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Smad2 Protein ; Trans-Activators/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Zinc Fingers
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  • 17
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    Evolutionarily conserved pathways of energetic connectivity in protein families (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-10-09
    Description: For mapping energetic interactions in proteins, a technique was developed that uses evolutionary data for a protein family to measure statistical interactions between amino acid positions. For the PDZ domain family, this analysis predicted a set of energetically coupled positions for a binding site residue that includes unexpected long-range interactions. Mutational studies confirm these predictions, demonstrating that the statistical energy function is a good indicator of thermodynamic coupling in proteins. Sets of interacting residues form connected pathways through the protein fold that may be the basis for efficient energy conduction within proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lockless, S W -- Ranganathan, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 8;286(5438):295-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235-9050, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10514373" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acids/chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Conserved Sequence ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; Probability ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; Statistics as Topic ; Thermodynamics
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  • 18
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    Imidazole rescue of a cytosine mutation in a self-cleaving ribozyme (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-10-03
    Description: Ribozymes use a number of the same catalytic strategies as protein enzymes. However, general base catalysis by a ribozyme has not been demonstrated. In the hepatitis delta virus antigenomic ribozyme, imidazole buffer rescued activity of a mutant with a cytosine-76 (C76) to uracil substitution. In addition, a C76 to adenine substitution reduced the apparent pKa (where Ka is the acid constant) of the self-cleavage reaction by an amount consistent with differences in the pKa values of these two side chains. These results suggest that, in the wild-type ribozyme, C76 acts as a general base. This finding has implications for potential catalytic functions of conserved cytosines and adenines in other ribozymes and in ribonuclear proteins with enzymatic activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Perrotta, A T -- Shih, I -- Been, M D -- GM47322/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 1;286(5437):123-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Box 3711, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10506560" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Cytosine/*chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology ; Hepatitis Delta Virus/chemistry/*enzymology ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Imidazoles/chemistry/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Magnesium Chloride/pharmacology ; Manganese/pharmacology ; Mutagenesis ; Point Mutation ; Protons ; Pyrazoles/pharmacology ; RNA, Catalytic/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Temperature
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  • 19
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    Structure of an E6AP-UbcH7 complex: insights into ubiquitination by the E2-E3 enzyme cascade (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-11-13
    Description: The E6AP ubiquitin-protein ligase (E3) mediates the human papillomavirus-induced degradation of the p53 tumor suppressor in cervical cancer and is mutated in Angelman syndrome, a neurological disorder. The crystal structure of the catalytic hect domain of E6AP reveals a bilobal structure with a broad catalytic cleft at the junction of the two lobes. The cleft consists of conserved residues whose mutation interferes with ubiquitin-thioester bond formation and is the site of Angelman syndrome mutations. The crystal structure of the E6AP hect domain bound to the UbcH7 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2) reveals the determinants of E2-E3 specificity and provides insights into the transfer of ubiquitin from the E2 to the E3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huang, L -- Kinnucan, E -- Wang, G -- Beaudenon, S -- Howley, P M -- Huibregtse, J M -- Pavletich, N P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 12;286(5443):1321-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cellular Biochemistry and Biophysics Program, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10558980" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Angelman Syndrome/genetics ; Binding Sites ; Catalytic Domain ; Conserved Sequence ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cysteine/chemistry ; Humans ; Ligases/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Substrate Specificity ; Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ; Ubiquitins/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 20
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    The structural era of endocytosis (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1999-07-10
    Description: Endocytosis is crucial for an array of cellular functions and can occur through several distinct mechanisms with the capacity to internalize anything from small molecules to entire cells. The clathrin-mediated endocytic pathway has recently received considerable attention because of (i) the identification of an array of molecules that orchestrate the assembly of clathrin-coated vesicles and the selection of the vesicle cargo and (ii) the resolution of structures for a number of these proteins. Together, these data provide an initial three-dimensional framework for understanding the clathrin endocytic machinery.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marsh, M -- McMahon, H T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 9;285(5425):215-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and Department of Biochemistry, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK. m.marsh@ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10398591" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/chemistry/physiology ; Cell Membrane/ultrastructure ; Clathrin/chemistry/*physiology ; Coated Pits, Cell-Membrane/physiology/ultrastructure ; Coated Vesicles/physiology/ultrastructure ; Dynamins ; *Endocytosis ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/chemistry/physiology ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/physiology ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/chemistry/physiology ; Phosphoproteins/chemistry/physiology ; Signal Transduction
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  • 21
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    Structural analysis of the mechanism of adenovirus binding to its human cellular receptor, CAR (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-11-24
    Description: Binding of virus particles to specific host cell surface receptors is known to be an obligatory step in infection even though the molecular basis for these interactions is not well characterized. The crystal structure of the adenovirus fiber knob domain in complex with domain I of its human cellular receptor, coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR), is presented here. Surface-exposed loops on knob contact one face of CAR, forming a high-affinity complex. Topology mismatches between interacting surfaces create interfacial solvent-filled cavities and channels that may be targets for antiviral drug therapy. The structure identifies key determinants of binding specificity, which may suggest ways to modify the tropism of adenovirus-based gene therapy vectors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bewley, M C -- Springer, K -- Zhang, Y B -- Freimuth, P -- Flanagan, J M -- 1P41 RR12408-01A1/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 19;286(5444):1579-83.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10567268" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenoviruses, Human/chemistry/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Binding Sites ; Capsid/*chemistry/*metabolism ; *Capsid Proteins ; Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like Membrane Protein ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; Mutagenesis ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Receptors, Virus/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Thermodynamics
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  • 22
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    Structural changes in bacteriorhodopsin during ion transport at 2 angstrom resolution (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-10-09
    Description: Crystal structures of the Asp96 to Asn mutant of the light-driven proton pump bacteriorhodopsin and its M photointermediate produced by illumination at ambient temperature have been determined to 1.8 and 2.0 angstroms resolution, respectively. The trapped photoproduct corresponds to the late M state in the transport cycle-that is, after proton transfer to Asp85 and release of a proton to the extracellular membrane surface, but before reprotonation of the deprotonated retinal Schiff base. Its density map describes displacements of side chains near the retinal induced by its photoisomerization to 13-cis,15-anti and an extensive rearrangement of the three-dimensional network of hydrogen-bonded residues and bound water that accounts for the changed pKa values (where Ka is the acid constant) of the Schiff base and Asp85. The structural changes detected suggest the means for conserving energy at the active site and for ensuring the directionality of proton translocation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Luecke, H -- Schobert, B -- Richter, H T -- Cartailler, J P -- Lanyi, J K -- R01-GM29498/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM56445/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM59970/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 8;286(5438):255-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. hudel@uci.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10514362" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteriorhodopsins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cytoplasm/chemistry ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Ion Transport ; Isomerism ; Light ; Models, Molecular ; Photolysis ; Photons ; Point Mutation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Proton Pumps/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Protons ; Retinaldehyde/chemistry/metabolism ; Schiff Bases ; Thermodynamics ; Water
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  • 23
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    Discovery of a small molecule insulin mimetic with antidiabetic activity in mice (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-05-13
    Description: Insulin elicits a spectrum of biological responses by binding to its cell surface receptor. In a screen for small molecules that activate the human insulin receptor tyrosine kinase, a nonpeptidyl fungal metabolite (L-783,281) was identified that acted as an insulin mimetic in several biochemical and cellular assays. The compound was selective for insulin receptor versus insulin-like growth factor I (IGFI) receptor and other receptor tyrosine kinases. Oral administration of L-783,281 to two mouse models of diabetes resulted in significant lowering in blood glucose levels. These results demonstrate the feasibility of discovering novel insulin receptor activators that may lead to new therapies for diabetes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, B -- Salituro, G -- Szalkowski, D -- Li, Z -- Zhang, Y -- Royo, I -- Vilella, D -- Diez, M T -- Pelaez, F -- Ruby, C -- Kendall, R L -- Mao, X -- Griffin, P -- Calaycay, J -- Zierath, J R -- Heck, J V -- Smith, R G -- Moller, D E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 May 7;284(5416):974-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Merck Research Laboratories, R80W250, Post Office Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA. bei_zhang@merck.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10320380" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Ascomycota/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; CHO Cells ; Cricetinae ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*drug therapy ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Enzyme Activation ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Hyperglycemia/drug therapy ; Hypoglycemic Agents/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Indoles/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Insulin/blood/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Mice, Obese ; Molecular Mimicry ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Conformation/drug effects ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism ; Receptor, IGF Type 1/metabolism ; Receptor, Insulin/chemistry/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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  • 24
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    Two-metal-Ion catalysis in adenylyl cyclase (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1999-07-31
    Description: Adenylyl cyclase (AC) converts adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic adenosine monophosphate, a ubiquitous second messenger that regulates many cellular functions. Recent structural studies have revealed much about the structure and function of mammalian AC but have not fully defined its active site or catalytic mechanism. Four crystal structures were determined of the catalytic domains of AC in complex with two different ATP analogs and various divalent metal ions. These structures provide a model for the enzyme-substrate complex and conclusively demonstrate that two metal ions bind in the active site. The similarity of the active site of AC to those of DNA polymerases suggests that the enzymes catalyze phosphoryl transfer by the same two-metal-ion mechanism and likely have evolved from a common ancestor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tesmer, J J -- Sunahara, R K -- Johnson, R A -- Gosselin, G -- Gilman, A G -- Sprang, S R -- DK38828/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK46371/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM34497/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 30;285(5428):756-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235-9050, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10427002" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors ; Adenylyl Cyclases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Animals ; Aspartic Acid/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Deoxyadenine Nucleotides/metabolism/pharmacology ; Dideoxynucleotides ; Dimerization ; Enzyme Inhibitors/metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Ligands ; Magnesium/*metabolism ; Manganese/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Rats ; Thionucleotides/metabolism/pharmacology ; Zinc/*metabolism
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  • 25
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    Perspectives: immunology. Regulating the regulator (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-09-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mach, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 27;285(5432):1367.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland. Bernard.Mach@medecine.unige.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10490413" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; GTP-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genes, MHC Class II ; Guanosine Triphosphate/*metabolism ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mutation ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Trans-Activators/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
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  • 26
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    Role of the S. typhimurium actin-binding protein SipA in bacterial internalization (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-03-26
    Description: Entry of the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium into host cells requires membrane ruffling and rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton. Here, it is shown that the bacterial protein SipA plays a critical role in this process. SipA binds directly to actin, decreases its critical concentration, and inhibits depolymerization of actin filaments. These activities result in the spatial localization and more pronounced outward extension of the Salmonella-induced membrane ruffles, thereby facilitating bacterial uptake.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhou, D -- Mooseker, M S -- Galan, J E -- AI30492/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DK25387/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM52543/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Mar 26;283(5410):2092-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Microbial Pathogenesis, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10092234" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Antigens, Bacterial/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Biopolymers ; Cell Membrane/ultrastructure ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; *Microfilament Proteins ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Mutation ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Salmonella typhimurium/genetics/metabolism/*pathogenicity ; Signal Transduction ; Vinculin/metabolism
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  • 27
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    Mechanical rotation of the c subunit oligomer in ATP synthase (F0F1): direct observation (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-11-27
    Description: F0F1, found in mitochondria or bacterial membranes, synthesizes adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) coupling with an electrochemical proton gradient and also reversibly hydrolyzes ATP to form the gradient. An actin filament connected to a c subunit oligomer of F0 was able to rotate by using the energy of ATP hydrolysis. The rotary torque produced by the c subunit oligomer reached about 40 piconewton-nanometers, which is similar to that generated by the gamma subunit in the F1 motor. These results suggest that the gamma and c subunits rotate together during ATP hydrolysis and synthesis. Thus, coupled rotation may be essential for energy coupling between proton transport through F0 and ATP hydrolysis or synthesis in F1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sambongi, Y -- Iko, Y -- Tanabe, M -- Omote, H -- Iwamoto-Kihara, A -- Ueda, I -- Yanagida, T -- Wada, Y -- Futai, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 26;286(5445):1722-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biological Sciences, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, CREST (Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology) of Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10576736" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/chemistry/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Biotinylation ; Energy Transfer ; Enzymes, Immobilized ; Escherichia coli/enzymology ; Hydrolysis ; Molecular Motor Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Proton-Motive Force ; Proton-Translocating ATPases/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Uncoupling Agents/metabolism/pharmacology ; Venturicidins/pharmacology ; Video Recording
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  • 28
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    Crystal structure of the Zalpha domain of the human editing enzyme ADAR1 bound to left-handed Z-DNA (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-06-12
    Description: The editing enzyme double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase includes a DNA binding domain, Zalpha, which is specific for left-handed Z-DNA. The 2.1 angstrom crystal structure of Zalpha complexed to DNA reveals that the substrate is in the left-handed Z conformation. The contacts between Zalpha and Z-DNA are made primarily with the "zigzag" sugar-phosphate backbone, which provides a basis for the specificity for the Z conformation. A single base contact is observed to guanine in the syn conformation, characteristic of Z-DNA. Intriguingly, the helix-turn-helix motif, frequently used to recognize B-DNA, is used by Zalpha to contact Z-DNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schwartz, T -- Rould, M A -- Lowenhaupt, K -- Herbert, A -- Rich, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 11;284(5421):1841-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10364558" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Deaminase/*chemistry/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA/chemistry/*metabolism ; Helix-Turn-Helix Motifs ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; Substrate Specificity ; Water/metabolism
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  • 29
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    Crystal structure of Thermotoga maritima ribosome recycling factor: a tRNA mimic (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-12-22
    Description: Ribosome recycling factor (RRF), together with elongation factor G (EF-G), catalyzes recycling of ribosomes after one round of protein synthesis. The crystal structure of RRF was determined at 2.55 angstrom resolution. The protein has an unusual fold where domain I is a long three-helix bundle and domain II is a three-layer beta/alpha/beta sandwich. The molecule superimposes almost perfectly with a transfer RNA (tRNA) except that the amino acid-binding 3' end is missing. The mimicry suggests that RRF interacts with the posttermination ribosomal complex in a similar manner to a tRNA, leading to disassembly of the complex. The structural arrangement of this mimicry is entirely different from that of other cases of less pronounced mimicry of tRNA so far described.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Selmer, M -- Al-Karadaghi, S -- Hirokawa, G -- Kaji, A -- Liljas, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 17;286(5448):2349-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Biophysics, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Post Office Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10600747" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Models, Molecular ; *Molecular Mimicry ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Peptide Elongation Factor G/chemistry ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; RNA, Bacterial/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Fungal/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Transfer/*chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Transfer, Phe/chemistry/metabolism ; Ribosomal Proteins ; Ribosomes/*metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; Thermotoga maritima/*chemistry/metabolism
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    Regulation of NMDA receptors by an associated phosphatase-kinase signaling complex (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-07-03
    Description: Regulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activity by kinases and phosphatases contributes to the modulation of synaptic transmission. Targeting of these enzymes near the substrate is proposed to enhance phosphorylation-dependent modulation. Yotiao, an NMDA receptor-associated protein, bound the type I protein phosphatase (PP1) and the adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) holoenzyme. Anchored PP1 was active, limiting channel activity, whereas PKA activation overcame constitutive PP1 activity and conferred rapid enhancement of NMDA receptor currents. Hence, yotiao is a scaffold protein that physically attaches PP1 and PKA to NMDA receptors to regulate channel activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Westphal, R S -- Tavalin, S J -- Lin, J W -- Alto, N M -- Fraser, I D -- Langeberg, L K -- Sheng, M -- Scott, J D -- F32 NS010202/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- GM 48231/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS10202/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS10543/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 2;285(5424):93-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Vollum Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Road, Portland, OR 97201, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10390370" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: A Kinase Anchor Proteins ; *Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Carrier Proteins/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cyclic AMP/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/*metabolism ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Holoenzymes/metabolism ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Okadaic Acid/pharmacology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Peptide Fragments/pharmacology ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Rats ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Thionucleotides/pharmacology ; Transfection
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    Three-dimensional structure of the human TFIID-IIA-IIB complex (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-12-11
    Description: The multisubunit transcription factor IID (TFIID) is an essential component of the eukaryotic RNA polymerase II machinery that works in concert with TFIIA (IIA) and TFIIB (IIB) to assemble initiation complexes at core eukaryotic promoters. Here the structures of human TFIID and the TFIID-IIA-IIB complex that were obtained by electron microscopy and image analysis to 35 angstrom resolution are presented. TFIID is a trilobed, horseshoe-shaped structure, with TFIIA and TFIIB bound on opposite lobes and flanking a central cavity. Antibody studies locate the TATA-binding protein (TBP) between TFIIA and TFIIB at the top of the cavity that most likely encompasses the TATA DNA binding region of the supramolecular complex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Andel, F 3rd -- Ladurner, A G -- Inouye, C -- Tjian, R -- Nogales, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 10;286(5447):2153-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Life Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10591646" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; DNA/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Microscopy, Electron ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Conformation ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; TATA-Box Binding Protein ; Transcription Factor TFIIA ; Transcription Factor TFIIB ; Transcription Factor TFIID ; Transcription Factors/*chemistry/metabolism ; Transcription Factors, TFII/*chemistry/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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    A glycyl radical site in the crystal structure of a class III ribonucleotide reductase (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-03-05
    Description: Ribonucleotide reductases catalyze the reduction of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides. Three classes have been identified, all using free-radical chemistry but based on different cofactors. Classes I and II have been shown to be evolutionarily related, whereas the origin of anaerobic class III has remained elusive. The structure of a class III enzyme suggests a common origin for the three classes but shows differences in the active site that can be understood on the basis of the radical-initiation system and source of reductive electrons, as well as a unique protein glycyl radical site. A possible evolutionary relationship between early deoxyribonucleotide metabolism and primary anaerobic metabolism is suggested.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Logan, D T -- Andersson, J -- Sjoberg, B M -- Nordlund, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Mar 5;283(5407):1499-504.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Department of Molecular Biology, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden. derek@biokemi.su.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10066165" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetyltransferases/chemistry/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Anaerobiosis ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Evolution, Molecular ; Glycine/*chemistry ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Ribonucleotide Reductases/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Viral Proteins/chemistry
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    Structural rearrangements underlying K+-channel activation gating (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1999-07-03
    Description: The intramembrane molecular events underlying activation gating in the Streptomyces K+ channel were investigated by site-directed spin-labeling methods and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. A comparison of the closed and open conformations of the channel revealed periodic changes in spin-label mobility and intersubunit spin-spin interaction consistent with rigid-body movements of the two transmembrane helices TM1 and TM2. These changes involve translations and counterclockwise rotations of both helices relative to the center of symmetry of the channel. The movement of TM2 increases the diameter of the permeation pathway along the point of convergence of the four subunits, thus opening the pore. Although the extracellular residues flanking the selectivity filter remained immobile during gating, small movements were detected at the C-terminal end of the pore helix, with possible implications to the gating mechanism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Perozo, E -- Cortes, D M -- Cuello, L G -- GM54690/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM57846/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 2;285(5424):73-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics and Center for Structural Biology, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, VA 22906-0011, USA. eperozo@virginia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10390363" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Bacterial Proteins ; Binding Sites ; Circular Dichroism ; Cysteine/chemistry ; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; *Ion Channel Gating ; Models, Molecular ; Potassium/*metabolism ; Potassium Channels/*chemistry/*physiology ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Rubidium/metabolism ; Sequence Deletion ; Streptomyces/chemistry/physiology
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  • 34
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    Unexpected modes of PDZ domain scaffolding revealed by structure of nNOS-syntrophin complex (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-04-30
    Description: The PDZ protein interaction domain of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) can heterodimerize with the PDZ domains of postsynaptic density protein 95 and syntrophin through interactions that are not mediated by recognition of a typical carboxyl-terminal motif. The nNOS-syntrophin PDZ complex structure revealed that the domains interact in an unusual linear head-to-tail arrangement. The nNOS PDZ domain has two opposite interaction surfaces-one face has the canonical peptide binding groove, whereas the other has a beta-hairpin "finger." This nNOS beta finger docks in the syntrophin peptide binding groove, mimicking a peptide ligand, except that a sharp beta turn replaces the normally required carboxyl terminus. This structure explains how PDZ domains can participate in diverse interaction modes to assemble protein networks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hillier, B J -- Christopherson, K S -- Prehoda, K E -- Bredt, D S -- Lim, W A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 30;284(5415):812-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10221915" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; *Dystrophin-Associated Proteins ; Ligands ; Membrane Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muscle Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase/*chemistry/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Signal Transduction
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    Recognition of the codon-anticodon helix by ribosomal RNA (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1999-09-11
    Description: Translational fidelity is established by ribosomal recognition of the codon-anticodon interaction within the aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) site (A site) of the ribosome. Experiments are presented that reveal possible contacts between 16S ribosomal RNA and the codon-anticodon complex. N1 methylation of adenine at position 1492 (A1492) and A1493 interfered with A-site tRNA binding. Mutation of A1492 and A1493 to guanine or cytosine also impaired A-site tRNA binding. The deleterious effects of A1492G or A1493G (or both) mutations were compensated by 2'fluorine substitutions in the mRNA codon. The results suggest that the ribosome recognizes the codon-anticodon complex by adenine contacts to the messenger RNA backbone and provide a mechanism for molecular discrimination of correct versus incorrect codon-anticodon pairs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yoshizawa, S -- Fourmy, D -- Puglisi, J D -- GM51266/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 10;285(5434):1722-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5126, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10481006" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Anticodon/chemistry/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Biotin ; Codon/chemistry/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Methylation ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; *Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Paromomycin/pharmacology ; Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA, Bacterial/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA, Transfer, Met/metabolism ; RNA, Transfer, Phe/metabolism ; Ribosomes/*metabolism
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    Oligomeric structure of the human EphB2 receptor SAM domain (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1999-02-05
    Description: The sterile alpha motif (SAM) domain is a protein interaction module that is present in diverse signal-transducing proteins. SAM domains are known to form homo- and hetero-oligomers. The crystal structure of the SAM domain from an Eph receptor tyrosine kinase, EphB2, reveals two large interfaces. In one interface, adjacent monomers exchange amino-terminal peptides that insert into a hydrophobic groove on each neighbor. A second interface is composed of the carboxyl-terminal helix and a nearby loop. A possible oligomer, constructed from a combination of these binding modes, may provide a platform for the formation of larger protein complexes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thanos, C D -- Goodwill, K E -- Bowie, J U -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 5;283(5403):833-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉UCLA-DOE Laboratory of Structural Biology and Molecular Medicine and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9933164" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; GRB10 Adaptor Protein ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Kinesin/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Myosins/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; *Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/metabolism ; Proteins/metabolism ; Receptor Aggregation ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*chemistry/metabolism ; Receptor, EphB2 ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Surface Properties
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    Techview: biochemistry. Biomolecule mass spectrometry (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McLafferty, F W -- Fridriksson, E K -- Horn, D M -- Lewis, M A -- Zubarev, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 May 21;284(5418):1289-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-1301, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10383309" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; DNA/*chemistry/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Mass Spectrometry/instrumentation/*methods ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Proteins/*chemistry/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Sequence Analysis ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Thermodynamics ; Ubiquitins/chemistry
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    Activation of a floral homeotic gene in Arabidopsis (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1999-07-27
    Description: The patterned expression of floral homeotic genes in Arabidopsis depends on the earlier action of meristem-identity genes such as LEAFY, which encodes a transcription factor that determines whether a meristem will generate flowers instead of leaves and shoots. The LEAFY protein, which is expressed throughout the flower, participates in the activation of homeotic genes, which are expressed in specific regions of the flower. Analysis of a LEAFY-responsive enhancer in the homeotic gene AGAMOUS indicates that direct interaction of LEAFY with this enhancer is required for its activity in plants. Thus, LEAFY is a direct upstream regulator of floral homeotic genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Busch, M A -- Bomblies, K -- Weigel, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 23;285(5427):585-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10417388" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AGAMOUS Protein, Arabidopsis ; Arabidopsis/*genetics ; *Arabidopsis Proteins ; Binding Sites ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*genetics ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; *Genes, Homeobox ; Genes, Plant ; Genes, Reporter ; Meristem/genetics/metabolism ; Plant Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism ; Plant Structures/genetics/metabolism ; Point Mutation ; Trans-Activators/genetics/metabolism ; *Transcription Factors ; *Transcriptional Activation
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Predicting the evolution of human influenza A (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-12-03
    Description: Eighteen codons in the HA1 domain of the hemagglutinin genes of human influenza A subtype H3 appear to be under positive selection to change the amino acid they encode. Retrospective tests show that viral lineages undergoing the greatest number of mutations in the positively selected codons were the progenitors of future H3 lineages in 9 of 11 recent influenza seasons. Codons under positive selection were associated with antibody combining site A or B or the sialic acid receptor binding site. However, not all codons in these sites had predictive value. Monitoring new H3 isolates for additional changes in positively selected codons might help identify the most fit extant viral strains that arise during antigenic drift.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bush, R M -- Bender, C A -- Subbarao, K -- Cox, N J -- Fitch, W M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 3;286(5446):1921-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. rmbush@uci.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10583948" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution ; *Antigenic Variation ; Binding Sites ; Codon ; Epitopes ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Forecasting ; Genes, Viral ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/chemistry/*genetics/immunology ; Humans ; Influenza A virus/*genetics/immunology ; Influenza, Human/*virology ; Mutation ; *Phylogeny ; Probability ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism ; Retrospective Studies ; Selection, Genetic
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    Beta-secretase cleavage of Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein by the transmembrane aspartic protease BACE (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-10-26
    Description: Cerebral deposition of amyloid beta peptide (Abeta) is an early and critical feature of Alzheimer's disease. Abeta generation depends on proteolytic cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by two unknown proteases: beta-secretase and gamma-secretase. These proteases are prime therapeutic targets. A transmembrane aspartic protease with all the known characteristics of beta-secretase was cloned and characterized. Overexpression of this protease, termed BACE (for beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme) increased the amount of beta-secretase cleavage products, and these were cleaved exactly and only at known beta-secretase positions. Antisense inhibition of endogenous BACE messenger RNA decreased the amount of beta-secretase cleavage products, and purified BACE protein cleaved APP-derived substrates with the same sequence specificity as beta-secretase. Finally, the expression pattern and subcellular localization of BACE were consistent with that expected for beta-secretase. Future development of BACE inhibitors may prove beneficial for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vassar, R -- Bennett, B D -- Babu-Khan, S -- Kahn, S -- Mendiaz, E A -- Denis, P -- Teplow, D B -- Ross, S -- Amarante, P -- Loeloff, R -- Luo, Y -- Fisher, S -- Fuller, J -- Edenson, S -- Lile, J -- Jarosinski, M A -- Biere, A L -- Curran, E -- Burgess, T -- Louis, J C -- Collins, F -- Treanor, J -- Rogers, G -- Citron, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 22;286(5440):735-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Amgen, Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, M/S 29-2-B, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320-1799, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10531052" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy/*enzymology ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/*biosynthesis ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/*metabolism ; Animals ; Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases/chemistry/genetics/*isolation & ; purification/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Brain/enzymology/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Endopeptidases ; Endosomes/enzymology ; Gene Expression ; Gene Library ; Golgi Apparatus/enzymology ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology ; Peptides/metabolism ; Protease Inhibitors/pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Modulation of polyketide synthase activity by accessory proteins during lovastatin biosynthesis (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-05-21
    Description: Polyketides, the ubiquitous products of secondary metabolism in microorganisms, are made by a process resembling fatty acid biosynthesis that allows the suppression of reduction or dehydration reactions at specific biosynthetic steps, giving rise to a wide range of often medically useful products. The lovastatin biosynthesis cluster contains two type I polyketide synthase genes. Synthesis of the main nonaketide-derived skeleton was found to require the previously known iterative lovastatin nonaketide synthase (LNKS), plus at least one additional protein (LovC) that interacts with LNKS and is necessary for the correct processing of the growing polyketide chain and production of dihydromonacolin L. The noniterative lovastatin diketide synthase (LDKS) enzyme specifies formation of 2-methylbutyrate and interacts closely with an additional transesterase (LovD) responsible for assembling lovastatin from this polyketide and monacolin J.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kennedy, J -- Auclair, K -- Kendrew, S G -- Park, C -- Vederas, J C -- Hutchinson, C R -- AI43031/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 May 21;284(5418):1368-72.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Pharmacy, Bacteriology Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10334994" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aspergillus/enzymology/genetics/*metabolism ; Aspergillus nidulans/enzymology/genetics/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Butyrates/metabolism ; Esterases/*metabolism ; Fungal Proteins/*metabolism ; Genes, Fungal ; Lovastatin/*biosynthesis ; Multienzyme Complexes/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Naphthalenes/metabolism
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    X-ray crystal structures of 70S ribosome functional complexes (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-09-25
    Description: Structures of 70S ribosome complexes containing messenger RNA and transfer RNA (tRNA), or tRNA analogs, have been solved by x-ray crystallography at up to 7.8 angstrom resolution. Many details of the interactions between tRNA and the ribosome, and of the packing arrangements of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) helices in and between the ribosomal subunits, can be seen. Numerous contacts are made between the 30S subunit and the P-tRNA anticodon stem-loop; in contrast, the anticodon region of A-tRNA is much more exposed. A complex network of molecular interactions suggestive of a functional relay is centered around the long penultimate stem of 16S rRNA at the subunit interface, including interactions involving the "switch" helix and decoding site of 16S rRNA, and RNA bridges from the 50S subunit.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cate, J H -- Yusupov, M M -- Yusupova, G Z -- Earnest, T N -- Noller, H F -- GM-17129/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-59140/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 24;285(5436):2095-104.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Molecular Biology of RNA, Sinsheimer Laboratories, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. cate@wi.mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10497122" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anticodon/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Base Pairing ; Binding Sites ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Fourier Analysis ; Models, Molecular ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Peptide Elongation Factors/metabolism ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein Conformation ; RNA, Bacterial/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Ribosomal/*chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/chemistry ; RNA, Ribosomal, 23S/chemistry ; RNA, Transfer/*chemistry/metabolism ; Ribosomal Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Ribosomes/*chemistry/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Thermus thermophilus/*chemistry/ultrastructure
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    Crystal structure of human ZAG, a fat-depleting factor related to MHC molecules (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-04-17
    Description: Zn-alpha2-glycoprotein (ZAG) is a soluble protein that is present in serum and other body fluids. ZAG stimulates lipid degradation in adipocytes and causes the extensive fat losses associated with some advanced cancers. The 2.8 angstrom crystal structure of ZAG resembles a class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) heavy chain, but ZAG does not bind the class I light chain beta2-microglobulin. The ZAG structure includes a large groove analogous to class I MHC peptide binding grooves. Instead of a peptide, the ZAG groove contains a nonpeptidic compound that may be implicated in lipid catabolism under normal or pathological conditions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sanchez, L M -- Chirino, A J -- Bjorkman, P j -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Mar 19;283(5409):1914-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10206894" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Glycoproteins/blood/*chemistry/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Glycosylation ; HLA-A2 Antigen/chemistry/metabolism ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/*chemistry ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Ligands ; Lipid Metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Peptides/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; *Seminal Plasma Proteins ; beta 2-Microglobulin/metabolism
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    Differential stimulation of PKC phosphorylation of potassium channels by ZIP1 and ZIP2 (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-09-08
    Description: Targeting of protein modification enzymes is a key biochemical step to achieve specific and effective posttranslational modifications. Two alternatively spliced ZIP1 and ZIP2 proteins are described, which bind to both Kvbeta2 subunits of potassium channel and protein kinase C (PKC) zeta, thereby acting as a physical link in the assembly of PKCzeta-ZIP-potassium channel complexes. ZIP1 and ZIP2 differentially stimulate phosphorylation of Kvbeta2 by PKCzeta. They also interact to form heteromultimers, which allows for a hybrid stimulatory activity to PKCzeta. Finally, ZIP1 and ZIP2 coexist in the same cell type and are elevated differentially by neurotrophic factors. These results provide a mechanism for specificity and regulation of PKCzeta-targeted phosphorylation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gong, J -- Xu, J -- Bezanilla, M -- van Huizen, R -- Derin, R -- Li, M -- NS33324/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 3;285(5433):1565-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10477520" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alternative Splicing ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cerebellum/metabolism ; DNA, Complementary ; Isoenzymes/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Myelin Basic Protein/metabolism ; Nerve Growth Factors/pharmacology ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Potassium Channels/*metabolism ; Protein Kinase C/*metabolism ; Pyramidal Cells/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Substrate Specificity ; Transfection
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    Perspectives: signal transduction. Cell survival demands some Rsk (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-12-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nebreda, A R -- Gavin, A C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 12;286(5443):1309-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany. nebreda@embl-heidelberg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10610536" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; *Cell Cycle ; *Cell Survival ; Cerebellum/cytology ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; *MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Meiosis ; Metaphase ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Neurons/cytology ; Phosphorylation ; Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcriptional Activation
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    On the way to a better immunosuppressant? (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-10-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hagmann, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 24;285(5436):2042.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10523192" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Calcineurin/metabolism ; *Calcineurin Inhibitors ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; NFATC Transcription Factors ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Peptide Library ; Peptides/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; T-Lymphocytes/*drug effects/immunology ; Transcription Factors/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism
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  • 47
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    Crystal structure of a conserved ribosomal protein-RNA complex (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-05-15
    Description: The structure of a highly conserved complex between a 58-nucleotide domain of large subunit ribosomal RNA and the RNA-binding domain of ribosomal protein L11 has been solved at 2.8 angstrom resolution. It reveals a precisely folded RNA structure that is stabilized by extensive tertiary contacts and contains an unusually large core of stacked bases. A bulge loop base from one hairpin of the RNA is intercalated into the distorted major groove of another helix; the protein locks this tertiary interaction into place by binding to the intercalated base from the minor groove side. This direct interaction with a key ribosomal RNA tertiary interaction suggests that part of the role of L11 is to stabilize an unusual RNA fold within the ribosome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Conn, G L -- Draper, D E -- Lattman, E E -- Gittis, A G -- R37 GM29048/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 May 14;284(5417):1171-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10325228" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Base Pairing ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Peptide Elongation Factor G ; Peptide Elongation Factors/metabolism ; Phylogeny ; Protein Conformation ; RNA, Bacterial/*chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Ribosomal/*chemistry/metabolism ; Ribosomal Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism
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    New leads to cancer, arthritis therapies (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1999-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hagmann, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 4;284(5420):1600-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10383332" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ADAM Proteins ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; Antirheumatic Agents ; Arthritis/*drug therapy ; Binding Sites ; Cloning, Molecular ; Enzyme Precursors/chemistry/metabolism ; Gelatinases/antagonists & inhibitors/*chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; Metalloendopeptidases/antagonists & inhibitors/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Neoplasms/*drug therapy ; Procollagen N-Endopeptidase ; Protease Inhibitors/*pharmacology ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary
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    Peptide antagonists of the human estrogen receptor (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-07-31
    Description: Estrogen receptor alpha transcriptional activity is regulated by distinct conformational states that are the result of ligand binding. Phage display was used to identify peptides that interact specifically with either estradiol- or tamoxifen-activated estrogen receptor alpha. When these peptides were coexpressed with estrogen receptor alpha in cells, they functioned as ligand-specific antagonists, indicating that estradiol-agonist and tamoxifen-partial agonist activities do not occur by the same mechanism. The ability to regulate estrogen receptor alpha transcriptional activity by targeting sites outside of the ligand-binding pocket has implications for the development of estrogen receptor alpha antagonists for the treatment of tamoxifen-refractory breast cancers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Norris, J D -- Paige, L A -- Christensen, D J -- Chang, C Y -- Huacani, M R -- Fan, D -- Hamilton, P T -- Fowlkes, D M -- McDonnell, D P -- DK48807/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 30;285(5428):744-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Duke University Medical Center, Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Durham, NC 27710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10426998" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Estradiol/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Estrogen Antagonists/*pharmacology ; Estrogen Receptor alpha ; Humans ; Ligands ; Mifepristone/pharmacology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptide Library ; Peptides/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen/agonists/*antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/pharmacology ; Tamoxifen/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Transcription Factor AP-1/genetics/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
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  • 50
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    Fas-induced caspase denitrosylation (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1999-04-24
    Description: Only a few intracellular S-nitrosylated proteins have been identified, and it is unknown if protein S-nitrosylation/denitrosylation is a component of signal transduction cascades. Caspase-3 zymogens were found to be S-nitrosylated on their catalytic-site cysteine in unstimulated human cell lines and denitrosylated upon activation of the Fas apoptotic pathway. Decreased caspase-3 S-nitrosylation was associated with an increase in intracellular caspase activity. Fas therefore activates caspase-3 not only by inducing the cleavage of the caspase zymogen to its active subunits, but also by stimulating the denitrosylation of its active-site thiol. Protein S-nitrosylation/denitrosylation can thus serve as a regulatory process in signal transduction pathways.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mannick, J B -- Hausladen, A -- Liu, L -- Hess, D T -- Zeng, M -- Miao, Q X -- Kane, L S -- Gow, A J -- Stamler, J S -- GM57601-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL52529/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL59130/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 23;284(5414):651-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Adult Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA. joan_mannick@dfci.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10213689" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD95/*physiology ; Apoptosis ; Binding Sites ; Caspase 3 ; Caspases/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cysteine/*metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Enzyme Precursors/metabolism ; Humans ; *Mercaptoethanol ; Nitric Oxide/*metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase/antagonists & inhibitors ; Nitrites/metabolism ; Nitroso Compounds/metabolism ; *S-Nitrosothiols ; Signal Transduction ; omega-N-Methylarginine/pharmacology
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    Detecting protein function and protein-protein interactions from genome sequences (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-07-31
    Description: A computational method is proposed for inferring protein interactions from genome sequences on the basis of the observation that some pairs of interacting proteins have homologs in another organism fused into a single protein chain. Searching sequences from many genomes revealed 6809 such putative protein-protein interactions in Escherichia coli and 45,502 in yeast. Many members of these pairs were confirmed as functionally related; computational filtering further enriches for interactions. Some proteins have links to several other proteins; these coupled links appear to represent functional interactions such as complexes or pathways. Experimentally confirmed interacting pairs are documented in a Database of Interacting Proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marcotte, E M -- Pellegrini, M -- Ng, H L -- Rice, D W -- Yeates, T O -- Eisenberg, D -- P01 GM 31299/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 30;285(5428):751-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉UCLA-Department of Energy Laboratory of Structural Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1570, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10427000" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism/physiology ; Binding Sites ; *Computational Biology ; Databases, Factual ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Fungal Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; *Genome ; Genome, Bacterial ; Genome, Fungal ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; *Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; *Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Thermodynamics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Est1 and Cdc13 as comediators of telomerase access (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-10-03
    Description: Cdc13 and Est1 are single-strand telomeric DNA binding proteins that contribute to telomere replication in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here it is shown that fusion of Cdc13 to the telomerase-associated Est1 protein results in greatly elongated telomeres. Fusion proteins consisting of mutant versions of Cdc13 or Est1 confer similar telomere elongation, indicating that close physical proximity can bypass telomerase-defective mutations in either protein. Fusing Cdc13 directly to the catalytic core of telomerase allows stable telomere maintenance in the absence of Est1, consistent with a role for Est1 in mediating telomerase access. Telomere length homeostasis therefore is maintained in part by restricting access of telomerase to chromosome termini, but this limiting situation can be overcome by directly tethering telomerase to the telomere.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Evans, S K -- Lundblad, V -- R01GM55867/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 1;286(5437):117-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10506558" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Cyclin B/genetics/*metabolism ; DNA, Fungal/metabolism ; DNA, Single-Stranded/metabolism ; Fungal Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Genetic Complementation Test ; Homeostasis ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/growth & development/*metabolism ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Telomerase/genetics/*metabolism ; Telomere/*metabolism
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    Structure of the Escherichia coli fumarate reductase respiratory complex (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-06-18
    Description: The integral membrane protein fumarate reductase catalyzes the final step of anaerobic respiration when fumarate is the terminal electron acceptor. The homologous enzyme succinate dehydrogenase also plays a prominent role in cellular energetics as a member of the Krebs cycle and as complex II of the aerobic respiratory chain. Fumarate reductase consists of four subunits that contain a covalently linked flavin adenine dinucleotide, three different iron-sulfur clusters, and at least two quinones. The crystal structure of intact fumarate reductase has been solved at 3.3 angstrom resolution and demonstrates that the cofactors are arranged in a nearly linear manner from the membrane-bound quinone to the active site flavin. Although fumarate reductase is not associated with any proton-pumping function, the two quinones are positioned on opposite sides of the membrane in an arrangement similar to that of the Q-cycle organization observed for cytochrome bc1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Iverson, T M -- Luna-Chavez, C -- Cecchini, G -- Rees, D C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 18;284(5422):1961-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Graduate Option in Biochemistry, 147-75CH, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10373108" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aerobiosis ; Anaerobiosis ; Binding Sites ; Cell Membrane/enzymology ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Electron Transport ; Energy Metabolism ; Escherichia coli/*enzymology ; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide/metabolism ; Fumarates/metabolism ; Iron-Sulfur Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen Consumption ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Quinones/chemistry/metabolism ; Succinate Dehydrogenase/*chemistry/metabolism
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    Receptor for motilin identified in the human gastrointestinal system (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-06-26
    Description: Motilin is a 22-amino acid peptide hormone expressed throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of humans and other species. It affects gastric motility by stimulating interdigestive antrum and duodenal contractions. A heterotrimeric guanosine triphosphate-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptor for motilin was isolated from human stomach, and its amino acid sequence was found to be 52 percent identical to the human receptor for growth hormone secretagogues. The macrolide antibiotic erythromycin also interacted with the cloned motilin receptor, providing a molecular basis for its effects on the human GI tract. The motilin receptor is expressed in enteric neurons of the human duodenum and colon. Development of motilin receptor agonists and antagonists may be useful in the treatment of multiple disorders of GI motility.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Feighner, S D -- Tan, C P -- McKee, K K -- Palyha, O C -- Hreniuk, D L -- Pong, S S -- Austin, C P -- Figueroa, D -- MacNeil, D -- Cascieri, M A -- Nargund, R -- Bakshi, R -- Abramovitz, M -- Stocco, R -- Kargman, S -- O'Neill, G -- Van Der Ploeg, L H -- Evans, J -- Patchett, A A -- Smith, R G -- Howard, A D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 25;284(5423):2184-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Building RY-80Y-265, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10381885" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alternative Splicing ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13 ; Cloning, Molecular ; Colon/*metabolism ; Erythromycin/metabolism ; GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Intestine, Small/*metabolism ; Ligands ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Motilin/analogs & derivatives/*metabolism ; Receptors, Gastrointestinal Hormone/*chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Neuropeptide/*chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Stomach/*metabolism ; Thyroid Gland/metabolism ; Transfection
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    Activation of PPARgamma coactivator-1 through transcription factor docking (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-11-13
    Description: Transcriptional coactivators have been viewed as constitutively active components, using transcription factors mainly to localize their functions. Here, it is shown that PPARgamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1) promotes transcription through the assembly of a complex that includes the histone acetyltransferases steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1) and CREB binding protein (CBP)/p300. PGC-1 has a low inherent transcriptional activity when it is not bound to a transcription factor. The docking of PGC-1 to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) stimulates an apparent conformational change in PGC-1 that permits binding of SRC-1 and CBP/p300, resulting in a large increase in transcriptional activity. Thus, transcription factor docking switches on the activity of a coactivator protein.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Puigserver, P -- Adelmant, G -- Wu, Z -- Fan, M -- Xu, J -- O'Malley, B -- Spiegelman, B M -- DK54477/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 12;286(5443):1368-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10558993" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; COS Cells ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; E1A-Associated p300 Protein ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Histone Acetyltransferases ; Mice ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 1 ; Nuclear Respiratory Factors ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Trans-Activators/chemistry/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection
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    Quaternary structure of the insulin-insulin receptor complex (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-08-14
    Description: The three-dimensional (3D) structure of the intrinsically dimeric insulin receptor bound to its ligand, insulin, was determined by electron cryomicroscopy. Gold-labeled insulin served to locate the insulin-binding domain. The 3D structure was then fitted with available known high-resolution domain substructures to obtain a detailed contiguous model for this heterotetrameric transmembrane receptor. The 3D reconstruction indicates that the two alpha subunits jointly participate in insulin binding and that the kinase domains in the two beta subunits are in a juxtaposition that permits autophosphorylation of tyrosine residues in the first step of insulin receptor activation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Luo, R Z -- Beniac, D R -- Fernandes, A -- Yip, C C -- Ottensmeyer, F P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 13;285(5430):1077-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L6, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10446056" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Catalytic Domain ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Gold ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Insulin/*chemistry/metabolism ; Ligands ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Transmission ; Models, Molecular ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/chemistry/metabolism ; Receptor, Insulin/*chemistry/metabolism
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    The crystal structure of a T cell receptor in complex with peptide and MHC class II (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1999-12-03
    Description: The crystal structure of a complex involving the D10 T cell receptor (TCR), 16-residue foreign peptide antigen, and the I-Ak self major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecule is reported at 3.2 angstrom resolution. The D10 TCR is oriented in an orthogonal mode relative to its peptide-MHC (pMHC) ligand, necessitated by the amino-terminal extension of peptide residues projecting from the MHC class II antigen-binding groove as part of a mini beta sheet. Consequently, the disposition of D10 complementarity-determining region loops is altered relative to that of most pMHCI-specific TCRs; the latter TCRs assume a diagonal orientation, although with substantial variability. Peptide recognition, which involves P-1 to P8 residues, is dominated by the Valpha domain, which also binds to the class II MHC beta1 helix. That docking is limited to one segment of MHC-bound peptide offers an explanation for epitope recognition and altered peptide ligand effects, suggests a structural basis for alloreactivity, and illustrates how bacterial superantigens can span the TCR-pMHCII surface.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reinherz, E L -- Tan, K -- Tang, L -- Kern, P -- Liu, J -- Xiong, Y -- Hussey, R E -- Smolyar, A -- Hare, B -- Zhang, R -- Joachimiak, A -- Chang, H C -- Wagner, G -- Wang, J -- AI/CA37581/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI19807/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM56008/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 3;286(5446):1913-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Immunobiology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10583947" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens/*chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Conalbumin/chemistry/immunology ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/*chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Ligands ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred AKR ; Models, Molecular ; Oligopeptides/chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/*chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Superantigens/immunology/metabolism ; Thymus Gland/cytology/immunology
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    A steric mechanism for inhibition of CO binding to heme proteins (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-04-16
    Description: The crystal structures of myoglobin in the deoxy- and carbon monoxide-ligated states at a resolution of 1.15 angstroms show that carbon monoxide binding at ambient temperatures requires concerted motions of the heme, the iron, and helices E and F for relief of steric inhibition. These steps constitute the main mechanism by which heme proteins lower the affinity of the heme group for the toxic ligand carbon monoxide.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kachalova, G S -- Popov, A N -- Bartunik, H D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 16;284(5413):473-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max-Planck-Arbeitsgruppen fur Strukturelle Molekularbiologie, Arbeitsgruppe Proteindynamik, Notkestrabetae 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10205052" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Carbon Monoxide/chemistry/*metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Heme/chemistry/metabolism ; Histidine/chemistry/metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Iron/chemistry/metabolism ; Ligands ; Metmyoglobin/chemistry ; Models, Molecular ; Myoglobin/*analogs & derivatives/*chemistry/metabolism ; Nitrogen/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Temperature ; Valine/chemistry/metabolism
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    Domain movement in gelsolin: a calcium-activated switch (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-12-03
    Description: The actin-binding protein gelsolin is involved in remodeling the actin cytoskeleton during growth-factor signaling, apoptosis, cytokinesis, and cell movement. Calcium-activated gelsolin severs and caps actin filaments. The 3.4 angstrom x-ray structure of the carboxyl-terminal half of gelsolin (G4-G6) in complex with actin reveals the basis for gelsolin activation. Calcium binding induces a conformational rearrangement in which domain G6 is flipped over and translated by about 40 angstroms relative to G4 and G5. The structural reorganization tears apart the continuous beta sheet core of G4 and G6. This exposes the actin-binding site on G4, enabling severing and capping of actin filaments to proceed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Robinson, R C -- Mejillano, M -- Le, V P -- Burtnick, L D -- Yin, H L -- Choe, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 3;286(5446):1939-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Structural Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Post Office Box 85800, San Diego, CA 92186-5800, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10583954" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Gelsolin/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary
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    A copper cofactor for the ethylene receptor ETR1 from Arabidopsis (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-02-12
    Description: The ETR1 receptor from Arabidopsis binds the gaseous hormone ethylene. A copper ion associated with the ethylene-binding domain is required for high-affinity ethylene-binding activity. A missense mutation in the domain that renders the plant insensitive to ethylene eliminates both ethylene binding and the interaction of copper with the receptor. A sequence from the genome of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain 6803 that shows homology to the ethylene-binding domain of ETR1 encodes a functional ethylene-binding protein. On the basis of sequence conservation between the Arabidopsis and the cyanobacterial ethylene-binding domains and on in vitro mutagenesis of ETR1, a structural model for this copper-based ethylene sensor domain is presented.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rodriguez, F I -- Esch, J J -- Hall, A E -- Binder, B M -- Schaller, G E -- Bleecker, A B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 12;283(5404):996-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Botany, 430 Lincoln Drive, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9974395" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Arabidopsis/genetics/*metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Binding Sites ; Conserved Sequence ; Copper/analysis/*metabolism ; Copper Sulfate/pharmacology ; Cyanobacteria/genetics/metabolism ; Dimerization ; Ethylenes/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Mutagenesis ; Open Reading Frames ; Plant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry/genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Silver/metabolism/pharmacology
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    Silencing of genes flanking the P1 plasmid centromere (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1999-01-23
    Description: Partition modules stabilize bacterial plasmids and chromosomes by actively promoting their segregation into daughter cells. The partition module of plasmid P1 is typical and consists of a centromere site, parS, and genes that encode proteins ParA and ParB. We show that ParB can silence genes flanking parS (to which ParB binds), apparently by polymerizing along the DNA from a nucleation site at parS. Wild-type ParB contacts an extensive region of P1 DNA; silencing-defective ParB proteins, which were found to be partition-defective, are less able to spread. Hence, the silenced structure appears to function in partitioning.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rodionov, O -- Lobocka, M -- Yarmolinsky, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 22;283(5401):546-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Cancer Institute, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9915704" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Centromere/physiology ; Cross-Linking Reagents ; *DNA Helicases ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics/*metabolism ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Escherichia coli/*genetics ; Formaldehyde ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Genes, Reporter ; Mutation ; Plasmids/*genetics/physiology ; Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *Trans-Activators
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    Identification of a conserved receptor-binding site on the fiber proteins of CAR-recognizing adenoviridae (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1999-11-24
    Description: The human adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) is used widely for applications in human gene therapy. Cellular attachment of Ad5 is mediated by binding of the carboxyl-terminal knob of its fiber coat protein to the Coxsackie adenovirus receptor (CAR) protein. However, Ad5 binding to CAR hampers the development of adenovirus vectors capable of specifically targeting (diseased) tissues or organs. Through sequence analysis and mutagenesis, a conserved receptor-binding region was identified on the side of three divergent CAR-binding knobs. The feasibility of simultaneous CAR ablation and redirection of an adenovirus to a new receptor is demonstrated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roelvink, P W -- Mi Lee, G -- Einfeld, D A -- Kovesdi, I -- Wickham, T J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 19;286(5444):1568-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Research and Development, GenVec Inc., 65 West Watkins Mill Road, Gaithersburg, MD 20879, USA. genecloner@genvec.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10567265" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenoviruses, Human/*chemistry/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Capsid/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Capsid Proteins ; Cell Line ; Conserved Sequence ; Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like Membrane Protein ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Point Mutation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Receptors, Virus/*metabolism ; Sequence Deletion ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    Resolution of a signal transfer region from a general binding domain in gbeta for stimulation of phospholipase C-beta2 (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1999-02-26
    Description: Signaling by guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) involves sequential protein-protein interactions. G protein-betagamma subunit (Gbetagamma) interactions with phospholipase C-beta2 (PLC-beta2) were studied to determine if all Gbeta contacts are required for signaling. A peptide encoding Gbeta amino acid residues 86 to 105 stimulated PLC-beta2. Six residues (96 to 101) within this sequence could transfer signals and thus constitute a core signal transfer region. Another peptide, encoding Gbeta amino acid residues 115 to 135, did not substantially stimulate PLC-beta2 by itself but inhibited Gbetagamma stimulation, indicating that residues 115 to 135 constitute a general binding domain. Resolution of signal transfer regions from general binding domains indicates that all protein-protein contacts are not required for signal transfer and that it may be feasible to synthesize agonists and antagonists that regulate intracellular signal flow.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buck, E -- Li, J -- Chen, Y -- Weng, G -- Scarlata, S -- Iyengar, R -- DK-38761/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM-43125/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-54508/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 26;283(5406):1332-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10037604" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution ; Binding Sites ; Enzyme Activation ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Isoenzymes/*metabolism ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Peptide Fragments/metabolism/pharmacology ; Phospholipase C beta ; Protein Binding ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Type C Phospholipases/*metabolism
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    Perspectives: signal transduction. Proteins in motion (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-10-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gerstein, M -- Chothia, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 10;285(5434):1682-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry Department, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. mark.gerstein@yale.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10523185" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aspartic Acid/metabolism ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Bacteriorhodopsins/chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Cell Membrane/chemistry/*metabolism ; Chemotaxis ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Receptors, Amino Acid/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Receptors, Nicotinic/chemistry/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Solubility
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 65
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    Just the facts of chromatin transcription (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-01-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉John, S -- Workman, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 4;282(5395):1836-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9874634" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/chemistry ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Chromatin/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Histones/metabolism ; Humans ; Models, Genetic ; Nucleosomes/metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA Polymerase II/metabolism ; Templates, Genetic ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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