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  • 1
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    Population genetic structure of silver pomfret, Pampus argenteus, in Persian Gulf and Oman Sea in Iran and Kuwait waters by using10 Microsatellite Markers (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25257 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 06:57:02 | 25257 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The silver pomfret, Pampus argenteus, is distributed in Indo-western pacific ocean, especially in Persian Gulf and Oman sea, and although is widely commercially exploited, the genetics structure of this species is not clear completely. In the present study, the genetic diversity and population structure of Pampus argentus in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea were investigated using microsatellite DNA markers. Genomic DNA from 125 specimens was extracted and PCR amplification performed. Seven loci with reasonable polymorphism were amplified. The results showed that average of observed heterozygosity was ranged from 0.54 while expected heterozygosity was 0.67. After applying the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) test, some loci were found to be significantly deviated from HWE in some populations in which deficiency of heterozygotes was apparent. Population differentiation observed among all populations (P〈0.01). The population differentiation (Fst) value between Kuwait and bushehr was the highest and significant (0.087) and between Chabahar and Bushehr (0.021) was the lowest and significant. Genetic distance analysis showed that the largest distance (0.269) was between Khuzestan and Chabahar and the smallest distance (0.075) was between Bushehr and Chabahar. The reported results could be of interest for management and conservation programmes of this species in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Oman Sea ; Kuwait waters ; Bushehr Province ; Khuzestan province ; Chabahar ; Population ; Genetic ; Structure ; Silver pomfret ; Pampus argenteus ; Microsatellite markers ; Species ; Diversity ; DNA ; PCR ; Heterozygosity ; Equilibrium
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  • 2
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    An investigation of some biological aspects of three species: tiger toothed croaker, Otolithes ruber, Javelin grunter, Pomadasys kaakan and black pomfret, Parastromateus niger in the Oman Sea for optimizing fishing season (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25105 | 18721 | 2018-08-23 05:49:02 | 25105 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: During the years 1382-83, some biological aspects of three species Tiger-toothed Croaker, Otolithes ruber, Javelin grunter, Pomadasys kaakan, Black Pomfret, Parastromateus niger, have been investigated in the Oman Sea along Sistan-O-Baluchistan province. Based on the frequency of developed maturity stages (IV, V), a prologed spawning activity extending from August to March was determined for O.ruber, and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) suggests two peaks:the minor one in October and the major one in March-April. Comparison of Hepatosomatic Index (HI) and Condition factor (Kn) with the peak spawning indicated a reverse relationship. According to length at first maturity (Lm50%= 40cm) and exploitation of fish at length 42cm above, the stretched optimum mesh size of nets was calculated to be 100mm. On analysis of stomach food item, fish group dominated (80%), which of them Anchovy accounted for 40% of the total frequency. Comparison of mean length between the years 1374-75 and 1382-83 showed 4cm in decrees. Population dynamics parameters were determined through length based modals and the exploitation rate was estimated to be E=0.6, suggesting high level exploitation. The usal streched mesh size of nets(constructed from multifilament webbing) for capturing O.ruber were less than the proposed optimum mesh size of nets, indicating 78% of the total landings were smaller than Lm50%. Total landings in 1381 have increased up to 15% when compared to those of the year 1376. Despite the decrease of total efforts (Panel.day) by 37%, the mean value CPUE has increased up to 82%. Regarding Pomadasys kaakan species, a year-round spawning activity has been observed, with two peaks: A major one in April and an aminor one in September. As those of O.ruber species, there was an inverse relationship between HI and Kn with the peak spawning activity. Based on the length at first maturity (Lm50% = 44cm) and capturing fish of the length at 46cm and above, the stretched optimum mesh size of nets was calculated to be 149.6mm. According to analysis of stomach contents, fish group accounted for 35% of the groups studied, which of them , Largehead hairtail, Trichiurus lepturus linnaeus, constituted 52% of the total frequency. In addition to estimation of population dynamics, the exploitation rate was estimated to be E= 0.49. Majority of the species catch was made by mesh size of nets used for O.ruber of which 133mm mesh size accounted for the level (30%). Information on length distribution showed that 60% of the total fish landed was below Lm50%. Total landings in 1381 decreased to 10% in comparison to 1376.Total fishing efforts and CPUE also decreased to 33% and 24% respectively. For parastromateus Niger, There was a long period spawning activity from March to December, with two peaks: A major one in August and a minor one in March. According to Lm50% (39cm) and catching of fish 39cm above, the stretched optimum mesh size of nets was calculated as 167.7mm. Based on stomach contents, ring-shaped worms and larval shrimp equally made 29% of the total frequency showing the highest contribution. Comparison of mean length indicated 3cm in decrease in 1382-83 when compared to 1374-75. Population dynamics parameters were estimated and the exploitation rate was estimated to be E = 0.54. The usual stretched mesh size of nets for P. niger was 146mm and 81% of the total fish landed were smaller than Lm50%.In 1381,total catch of the species increased four and a half-fold in comparison to 1376, while total efforts decreased up to 28% and CPUE increased two and a half-fold.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Iran ; Oman Sea ; Investigation ; Biological ; Tiger toothed Croaker ; Otolithes ruber ; Javelin grunter ; Pomadasys kaakan ; Black pomfret ; Parastromateus niger ; Season ; Fishing
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 3
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    Survey on parasitic infections of Barbus spp. from south-west of Iran (Khouzestan Province) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25108 | 18721 | 2018-08-24 06:17:44 | 25108 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: A survey on parasitic infections on Barboid fishes of South- west of Iran (Khouzestan province) were done during Spring 2002 to Autumn 2004. Altogether 296 specimens from 5 different fish species were examined. The fishes were collected from five stations of Karoun River (Ahwaz-Goulestan, Molasani, Dez Dam), Karkheh River (Hamidia Dam) and Shadgan Lagoon. The fishes transported alive to the laboratory where they measured and weighted. Then they were killed by cutting the spinal cord. According to the results of this study 22 different parasites were revealed, 15 of then detected to the species level and 7 of them to the genus level. The metazoans are as follows: The monogenea, are Dactylogyrus onchoratus, D.persicus. Two digeneans: Diplostomum spathaceum, Asymphilodora sp. Five nematods: Rhabdochona denudata, Philometra karuensis, Philometra sp., Psudocapilaria tomentosa Contracecum larvae sp. and only one acanthocephalus, Neoechinorhynchus. Three protozoans are: Ichtyophthirius multifiliis, Trichodina sp., Goussia sp., Balantidium sp. And Myxozoans: Myxobolus persicus M. karuni M. nodulointestinalis, M iranicus, M.mesopotamia, M. pfief eri, Myxobolus sp., Myxidium rhodei, Myxidium pfiefferi. Histopathological investigation of some parasites was done as well. Pathologacal potential of M. nodulointestinalis and M. pfiefferi were revealed. According the results of this study three new parasites and eleven new hosts for Iranian freshwater fishes and three new host for three Myzoxoans were introduced.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Fisheries ; Iran ; Khouzestan Province ; Barbus fishes ; Parasites ; Protozoa ; Metazoa ; Dactylogyrus onchoratus ; Rhabdochona denudata ; Philometra karuensis ; Species ; Fish
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  • 4
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    The effect of attractant on the growth factor and survival rate of Penaeus semisicatus (green Tiger) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25109 | 18721 | 2018-08-23 05:41:58 | 25109 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This project was carried out in 2000 to determine the effect of attractant diet on growth and survival rate of Penaeus semisulcatus in fifteen treatment each with three replication were applied for 45 days. The results indicate that 40I B, 40II and T foods had highest effect on mean weight which were 0.1556, 0.1492 and 0.1164 grams respectively. The yield data were compared with regression which showed us the positive correlation coefficient between yield and food consumption was 0.75.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Iran ; Penaeus semisulcatus ; Food consumption ; Mean Weight and growth ; Survival rate ; Growth factors ; Green tiger
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  • 5
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    Determining nutritional requirements in Beluga (H.huso) from larval stage to marketable size (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25107 | 18721 | 2018-08-24 06:13:27 | 25107 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Growth experiments were designed and conducted in several phases in order to determine the most suitable starter diet, to determine the effects of different levels of protein and energy and also to determine the effects of different ratios of carbohydrate to fat on growth and body composition in farmed Huso huso from the larval stage up to the marketing stage. Phase one Growth experiments were conducted in a random statistical design to compare growth trends in H. huso larvae (mean weight 105.02 ± 0,02 mg) without being adapted to formulated diets. Experiments were conducted in fibreglass tanks (500 litre capacity) under similar culture conditions. Four replicates were run for each experiment. Larvae were fed four types of formulated diets (Diet A=100 % formulated diet produced in the International sturgeon Research Institute, Diet B=formulated diet imported from Holland, Diet C= formulated diet imported from France, Diet D= a mixture of Diet A + 10% gammarus) 8 times a day to satiation for a period of 49 days. The results obtained were compared with those obtained for the control group that was fed live food (Daphnia and Artemia). Mean water temperature during the experimental period was 18.52 ± 0.48 °C and mean dissolved oxygen was 7.35 ± 0.18 mg/l. The first signs of food granules were observed in the guts of the larvae after 12 h of the first feeding. All experimental groups were adapted to granulated diets on day 3 to day 5. In the beginning of the experimental period the larvae showed a no normal distribution (P 0.05) in terms of weight and length. However significant differences were observed in the end of the experimental period among the different groups studied in terms of growth, specific growth rate and food efficiency (P 0.05). Growth in group B and D were significantly higher than that in other groups except for the control group (P 0.05). It may thus be concluded that the olfactory organs of larvae took to Diet B (may be due to its composition) and to the diet D (because of its odour, texture and suitable flavour) more readily than other diets. At the end of the experimental period, maximum survival (98%) belonged to the control group. Survival rate in Group B and Group D was 90 % and 86.5%, respectively (P 0.05). Minimum survival belonged to fish fed Diet A (29.7%) and Diet C (45.5%). With regard to the adaptability of larvae to formulated diets, survival rates and growth and development in larvae we may conclude that the effects of different formulated diets on growth in larvae can be conducted on larvae with a mean body weight between 100 to 120 mg. In this weight class the digestive system and olfactory organ are fully developed and play a vital role in searching for food particles.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Iran ; Huso huso ; Protein to energy ratio ; Carbohydrate to fat ratio ; Body composition ; SGR
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  • 6
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    The survey of feeding and reproduction of cetenophora Mnemiopsis leidyi in the southern of Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25112 | 18721 | 2018-08-23 05:48:23 | 25112 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Menmiopsis leidyi was entered into Caspian Sea from Black Sea and mass population constitutes in the southern Caspian Sea. In this surveys, the relationship between length and wet weight measured and length and weight followed by this equation: n=384, R^2=0.87 w=0.003L^9005 . The relationship of dry and wet weight calculated, in this surveys, the ratio of dry weight to wet weight was equal to 1.615% in 12 salinity. In vitro, the clearance rate at 12 and 27 C were 52.48 and 107.33 ml/h, respectively, daily ration at above temperatures were 1.98 and 16.65 respectively. Mnemiopsis leidyi can feed Acartia in accordance to 16.5 mg/1gbw (body weight) at 27 C in one day. The average digestive time in 12 C and 27 C were 77.50 min and 36 min respectively. The digestive value in 27 C was 2.5 fold than 12 C. The result indicated that clearance rate, daily ration and digest were increased in high temperature. Stomach content of Mnemiopsis leidyi was shown that this organism utilized from Acartia and Balanus, in addition, stomach content of kilka including two species of zooplankton from the southern Caspian Sea. Stomach contents of clupeonella cultiventris contain more than 54 percent of Acartia and its nauplii. This frequency observed in cluponella engrauliformis and clupeonella grimmi. On basis of zooplankton sampling in the sea, over 90 percentage of zooplankton populations contain Acartia.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Menmiopsis leidyi ; Zooplankton ; Population ; Survey ; Feeding ; Cetenophora
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  • 7
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    Identification of native fishes of western Azarbaijan province - phase 1: northern water source (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25116 | 18721 | 2018-08-24 06:19:54 | 25116 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The aim of this research was to identify fish species distributed in the water resources located at West- Azarbaijan province. Sampling was done seasonally, from 14 sampling sites in main branches of different rivers including Aras, Zangmar, and Ghator. Fish samples caught with different tools, fixed in 10 % formalin, and finally transferred to the laboratory for biological investigations. The identified fish were 25 species belonging to 8 fish family comprising of Cyprinidae, Balitoridae, Cobitidae, Siluridae, percidae, poecilliidae, Gobiidae, Salmonidae. Among them, cyprinidae family had the highest percentage of diversity. There were 2 species from Balitoridae and 1 species from the rest of other family.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Iran ; Western Azarbaijan province ; Identification ; Native fishes ; Water
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  • 8
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    A survey of some biological aspects of cobia (Rachycentron canadum) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25125 | 18721 | 2018-08-26 13:28:59 | 25125 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Biology aspects of cobia (Rachycentron canadum) were investigated from October 2005 to December 2006 in Northern waters of Persian Gulf (Hormozgan province).The reproduction cycle, sexual maturity, sex ratio, Fecundity, Lm50, feeding, length frequency, growth parameters and mortality of cobia were studied from total of 509 specimens ranged from 19 to 159 fork length. Gonadosomatic index peaked during spring and summer with main peak in June. Spontaneous spawning occurs around the year with peak in June. The overall female to male ratio was significantly 1 : 1.49 (P〈0.05). Batch fecundity were estimated 1684954±118990 in 15 females. Relationship between total length and fecundity were calculated F=1.3717TL 2.9567 (r^2= 0.82). Feeding studies indicated that the bony fishes were main food of cobia (76%) and followed by crustaceans (25%) and mollusks (11%). Rays were least food items (22%). Maximum and Minimum GaSI were observed in March (33%) and August (0.07%) respectively. Females reached 50% sexual maturity at 81.25 cm TL. The total length -weight relationship was W=0.0042L3.1162 (r^2=0.9852). Thetotal length-fork length relationship was TL= 1.1561FL-2.533 (r^2= 0.9933). Growth parameters K, L, and t_0 were calculated by von bertalanfy growth equation: 0.11 (year1), 168.65 cm, 3.49 and -0.97 respectively. The instantons rate of total mortality (z), natural mortality (M) and fishing mortality estimated by catch curve analysis were 0.30, 0.25, 0.14 (year1). Exploitation rate and Tmax were 0.36 and 28 year respectively.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Hormozgan province ; Rachycentron canadum ; Cobia ; Sex ratio ; Fecundity ; Lm50 ; Feeding ; Mortality ; Growth ; Parameters ; Biology ; Maturity ; Spawning ; Fecundity
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  • 9
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    Recognition of fishes in rivers and basin of Qom (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25143 | 18721 | 2018-08-26 16:50:02 | 25143 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was carried out on rivers, basins & qanat of Qom region during the 1376-1378and Fish samples were taken from 2 permanent rivers (Qomrood ,Ghara_chag)& from some seasonal ones (Tagharood, Zavarian, Vesva, Biraghan). Also local fishes was followed in 100 qanats in the region and Random fish sampling was done in permanent river extension out of province. This study aimed to recognize different fish species in the province water reservoir and estimating the fisheries potential in the province. For fish sampling nets such as mashk, salik, hook and hand tailored were used. Electroshoker was not used at all. Results of fish recognition showed that fish samples belong to 12 species & 4 family of "cyprinidae", "Balitoridae", "cyprinodontidae" and "poecilidae".The qanat fishes of the montain (kahak, Khagestan) and pastora area (Ghanavat,jafarabad) included by two families of "cyprinid", "Balitoridea".In some qanat which were connected to rivers more species of fish and anotherAquatic animal were observed & sampled.At the and map of geographical distribution of local fishes was planned.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Qom province ; Qomrood ; Ghara_chag ; Tagharood ; Fish ; Samples ; Species ; Fisheries ; Electroshoker ; Cyprinidae ; Balitoridae ; Cyprinodontidae ; Poecilidae ; Aquatic ; Recognation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 10
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    Investigation of production possibility of monosex female and sterile fish in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25147 | 18721 | 2018-08-26 16:54:41 | 25147 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This investigation carried out for the first time in Iran inorder to prodcution of monosex female and also sterilization in Rainbow trout. In this study, the eggs of general females were fertilized with the sperm of sex reversed male and so monosex female population was produced in second generation and sterilization carried out with oral administration of 17α methy 1 testosterone and immenrsion and oral administiration methods were used in embryonic stage and from commencing of acitve feeding of larvae, respectiverly. For sex reversal , 13 treatments were considered totally, that the most percentage of male (100%) was observedc in a treatment including of orally administration of 0.5 ppm hormone for 60 days after commencing active feeding (P〈0.001). In the other treamtnet, different percentages of sex ratio including male, female, intersex and sterility were observed. The offspring of genral eggs fertilization with the sperm of masculinized fish were 100% female, chisquare test was shown the treatment of orally administration of 30 ppm hormone for 120 days after commencing active feeding that had been considered for sterilization, was produced 90% sterile fish (P〈0.001) and was changed the sex ratio significancthy. Morphological changes of the gonads and sperm ducts in matured fish and also histological changes in the gonads of fish in the treamtints were considerable.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Monosex ; Female ; Male ; Sterilization ; Rainbow trout ; Eggs ; Fertilized ; Sperm ; Population ; Sex ; Fish ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Rainbow trout
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 11
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    Potential estimation and exploitation of large pelagics in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25137 | 18721 | 2018-08-26 16:54:02 | 25137 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In order to come up with the responsible fishing pattern, there was a need to identify some of the biological characteristics and population dynamic parameters of yellowfin tuna, skipjack and longtail tuna in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. Occurrence of empty stomach was high in all the specimens obtained from the gill net fisheries. Purple back flying squid was the most dominant prey species observed in the yellowfin tuna study (61% in males and 57% in females). The length of maturity (Lm50%) for yellowfin tuna was estimated 76 cm, 62.5 cm skipjack and 62.5 cm longtail tuna. Length range of skipjack was from 31-100 cm and bony fishes were the most dominant prey species observed in the skipjack. The monthly gonad somatic index was driven higher values after June which could be indicated as spawning period. The catch per unit of effort of three purse seiners (Azadegan 1, 2, 3) was compared in 1998- 2000. The species composition was 47% yellowfin tuna, 51% long tail tuna and 2% skipjack.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Oman Sea ; Pelagics ; Biological characteristics ; Population ; Yellowfin tuna ; Skipjack ; Longtail tuna ; Specimens ; Gill Net ; Fisheries ; Purple back flying squid ; Species ; Maturity ; Length ; Gonad Somatic Index ; Spawning ; Estimation ; Potential
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  • 12
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    Surveying the biology of Capoeta capoeta gracilis and it s distribution, the goal aquaculturize the species (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25150 | 18721 | 2018-08-26 16:58:21 | 25150 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This Research has been done monthly in Sefidroud River and its tributaries from Agust 2003 to July 2004. From the total number of 2027 specimens of caught fish, 800 and 629 were males and females respectively, and 598 specimens were undistinguished. Samples were caught by cast nets. Fork length range of all specimen was 33-255 mm (119.56 ±46) and their weight rang was 0.42-257.5 gr (34.4 ±39.06) gr and their age range was 0-5 (1.76 ±0.959) year. The average of relative frequency in C.c.gracilis was 65.1 % . The average of condition factor was 1.07±0.13. Between Fork length and weight of C.c.gracilis. Was exponential relation and coefficient of correlation was estimated 99.11%. Growth cofficient (k) was 0.114 ; L_∞ was estimated 373.5 mm. C.c.g consumed of Chrysophyta phylum more than other Phytoplankton phyla in Sefidroud river and from Bentic point of view, consumed of clay, Filamentous algae detritus, insects, seeds. Absolute fecundity range was 1823-9274 (4553.8 ±2169.1) eggs. Considering the GSI and frequency percent of maturity stages, spawning period of the fish begins from April and peak of spawning is in June and terminates in July.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Sefidroud River ; Survey ; Capoeta capoeta gracilis ; Aquaculturize ; Species ; Specimens ; Males ; Females ; Fish ; Samples ; Weight ; C.c.gracilis ; Growth ; Chrysophyta phylum ; Phytoplankton phyla ; Filamentous algae detritus ; GSI ; Maturity ; Spawning
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  • 13
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    Study of diversity & abundance of ichthyoplankton in Sistan & Baluchestan Province (phase: Guatr Creek & Bay) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25151 | 18721 | 2018-08-26 16:53:58 | 25151 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Identification & determination of abundance Ichthyoplankton in Gouatr (Creek & Estuary) in Chahdahar region was carried out from Octber 2005 to September 2006. Sampling period was seasonal and 6 stations were selected. Sampling stations no. 1, 2 ,4 were located in the sea waters of Creek , no.5 & 6 in Gouatr Estuary and no.3 was near to Bahokalat Estuary. The results of environmental factors measurement were as follaws: Main depth of area: 4m, Salinity: 37.08 (g/l), pH: 8.19, air temperature: 29.8? and water temperature: 27.3?, Clarity: 0.75m Sampling was conducted using single ring Bongo-net with 333µ of mesh size. Totally, 585 specimens of diverse fish larvae stages were collected in 20 sampling. The dominant families of fish larvae were Gobiidae, Clupeidae and Engraulidae with 86% of total abundance and 11 families of fish larvae were identified. Most of the fish larvae were observed in winter season and some of them such as Clupeidae, Gobiidae, Blennidae Engraulididae and Sillaginidae were found in most season. The stage of the most samples was Preflexion (87%) therefore , the area is a nursery ground. Commercial fish larvae were carangidea, Sparidae, Clupeidae, Sillaginidae, Hemiramphidae, Engraulidae and Nemeptridae but they were only 37% from total abundance. The main diversity was 0. 6236. There is no correlation between abundance, temperature and salinity. The results showed a significant different between abundance from pre monsoon and post monsoon but no significant different between diversity in pre monsoon and post monsoon.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Guatr ; Sistan & Baluchestan ; Larvae ; Fish ; Identification ; Abundance ; Diversity ; Ichthyoplankton
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  • 14
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    Studying native fishes in Hamadan province (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25437 | 18721 | 2018-09-23 16:57:02 | 25437 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Studying native fishes of Hamadan province have been done in 159 stations from 51 important water resources (wetland, reservoir, spring, river and qanat) using with electric tool, cast-net, seine and gill-net gears from July 2010 to Oct. 2011 and the main aims were species identifying and determining their distribution and abundance in the studied area. In the study, 33411 fish specimens are caught in 257 times of sampling and selected randomly about 8500 individual and laboratory works showed the fish belong to 37 species from 7 families. Cyprinidae with 25, Nemacheilidae with 6 and Sisoridae with 2 species had the most diversity and Cobitidae, Poeciliidae, Salmonidae and Mastacembelidae had only a representative. 31 fish species were native or endemic and 6 species were alien. Fish species existed in all rivers of Ghezelozan and Sirvan sub-basins but there were not any fish in 10 rivers of Ghara-Chai sub-basin and in 6 rivers of Gamasiab sub-basin, too. Also, it was observe 1-3 fish species in 15 rivers, 4-6 fish species in 10 rivers, 7-10 fish species in 5 rivers and more than 10 fish species in 4 main water resources and Gamasiab sub-basin with 32 fish species was the most diversified and Ghezelozan sub-basin with 2 fish species was the least diversified. There were any species to 4 (mostly 1 or 2) fish species in studied qanats in Ghara-Chai and Gamasiab rivers sub-basins. 23 fish species existed in a subbasin, 12 species in 2 sub-basin, Capoeta capoeta in 3 sub-basin and Squalius cephalus in all sub-basins of studied area. Alburnoides nicolausi,Capoeta aculeata and Alburnus mossulensis have had the most frequency. Studying fish abundance showed Oxynoemacheilus argyrogramma with 17.8%, Garra rufa with 12.3%, A. mossulensis with 12.1% and C. aculeata with 10.2 % of total number of caught fish specimens are dominant. S. cephalus, Capoeta damascina, C. aculeata, C. trutta, Chondrostoma regium and A. mossulensis have had sport fishing value but Acanthobrama marmid, Oxynoemacheilus kiabii, Oxynoemacheilus kermanshahensis, Turcinoemacheilus kosswigi, Alburnus caeruleus and Mastacembelus mastacembelus have biodiversity value for being endemic or having limited habitats in Iran.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Hamadan Province ; Gamasiab River ; Ghara-Chai ; Gaveh Rud ; Ghezelozan ; Fish diversity ; Abundance ; Distribution ; Specimens ; Sampling ; Cyprinidae ; Nemacheilidae ; Sisoridae ; Cobitidae ; Poeciliidae ; Salmonidae ; Mastacembelidae ; Capoeta capoeta
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  • 15
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    The study on fishing and resource management of bony fisheries within southern Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25444 | 18721 | 2018-09-23 17:01:05 | 25444 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The project of the Study on fishing and resource management of fisheries within Southern Caspian Sea was conducted on the base of an agreement made between fisheries organization (Shilat) and the Iranian fishery research organization (IFRO) signed in 2010. In this library-based study the current situation of bony fish fisheries and biology of these species has been surveyed in Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea . In this survey internal and external environmental factors of bony fishes activities were considered. Using SWOT analysis method, current situation of fisheries was investigated..One of the most important strategies for conserving anadromous species such as Caspian kutum , common carp, roach, bream and …. is rehabilitation of the natural spawning ground in rivers, coastal lagoon specially Anzali lagoon .By conducting this strategy not only restocks of bony fishes is done ,but also reduced the cost of artificial restocking programs and releasing fingerlings .In short term , it is nessesary to enhance the stocks of the species that have low catch is done by huge releasing of the fingerlings and study the qualification of the program.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Management ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Anzali lagoon ; Bony fishes ; Distribution ; Stocks ; Biology ; Fishing ; Species ; Caspian kutum ; Common carp ; Roach ; Bream ; Spawning ; Fingerlings
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  • 16
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    Identification and extraction of streptococcusis gene from streptococcus iniae and recording in Gene Bank (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25458 | 18721 | 2018-09-26 09:47:40 | 25458 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: S. iniae is an important pathogen in both marin animals and humans, causing systemic infections in these hosts. The symptoms of infections are very similar to symptoms of infections caused by human¬specific streptococcal pathogens. The enzyme phosphoglucomutase (PGM) has recently been discovered to play an important role in polysaccharide capsule production and virulence in s. iniae. We aim to isolate S. iniae and cloning phosphoglucomutase gene. S. iniae grew on sheep blood agar as mucoid and beta- hemolytic colonies after 24 h of incubation at 37C. Then confirmed it by sensitive and rapid method of PCR. The pgm gene was amplified successfully and cloned in pTZ57R cloning vector.The recombinant plasmid was sub cloned into pETDuet-l expression vector by rectriction enzymes and confirmed by PCR. Although S. iniae is a pathogen of economic importance, relatively little is known regarding mechanisms of its pathogenesis and few specific virulence determinants have been established. These include the enzyme phosphoglucomutase which contributes to cell wall integrity and resistance to antimicrobial peptides. Thus, this enzyme is the best choice to product the vaccine and more investigations.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Streptococcusis ; Gene ; Streptococcus iniae ; Gene Bank ; S. iniae ; Pathogen ; Enzyme ; Phosphoglucomutase ; PCR
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  • 17
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    Study of some biological characteristics (Tiger tooth croacher, Silver pomfert, Yellow fin seabream, Hilsa shad, Indo-pacific king mackerel, Narrow-bared Spanish mackerel) in the coastal waters of the Persian Gulf (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25170 | 18721 | 2018-09-03 14:16:38 | 25170 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The present study was carried out in the fishing landing center in khozestan using the commercial catch data. The data of total cutch of fishes and effort were prepared from the deputy of statistic office. Based on the pre data, the effort of gill-net fishery was being decreased from 1996 to 2000 and then had a trend to increase from 2001. The maximum and minimum of trap fishery of dhows ware observed 2005 and 1996 respectively. The maximum and minimum of total catch were observed in 2005 in Hilsha shad and Spanish mackerel with 4174.95 tones and 73.33 tons respectively. In this year the total catch of silvery pomfret and tiger tooth croaher species were recorded 323.6 tones and 1700.44 tons respectively. The growth parameters of Hilsha shad were estimated from 10071 specimens in Abadan and 4032 specimens of length frequencies from Hendijan, statistic program of t-test was used for the mean total length and the results showed the significantly different (p 〈 0.05) in the two areas during 12 months. The Von Bertalanffy growth parameters were estimated from the FISAT II and ELEFAN.The asymptotic length (L) was estimated using the Powell – Vetheral method in Abadan and Hendijan, 42.74 cm and 37.02 cm respectively. Growth coefficient or K for both areas were 0.77 and 0.71 per year respectively. The instantaneous rotes of total mortalities (Z) were estimated from length-converted catch curves and the values were at 2.55 year^-1 for Abadan and 2.81 year^-1 for Hendijan. The instantaneous rate of natural mortalities (M) and fishing mortalities (F) for both areas, Abadan and Hendijan were 0.75 year^-1, 0.732 year^-1 and 1.8 year^-1, 2.078 year^-1 respectively. The exploitation rates (E) for both populations were 0.7 year^-1 in Abadan and 0.73 year^-1 in Hendijan. However the optimum level of E should be 0.5 and the estimated valves of E is more than 0.5 and shows the pressure of fishing effort and overexploited on the population of this stock. The instantaneous rate of total mortalities of Tiger tooth croacker was 1.95 year^-1 the instantaneous rate of natural mortality using Pauly empirical formula was estimated 0.7 year^-1 and fishing mortality were 1.52 year^-1. The exploitation rate for this species was calculated 0.62 year^-1. The values of M and F for silvery pumfret were obtained 0.91 year^-1 and 1.47 year^-1 respectively. The exploitation rate was estimated 0.61 year^-1.
    Description: ;
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Khozestan Province ; Abadan ; Hendijan ; Biological characteristic ; Tiger tooth croacher ; Silver pomfert ; Yelow fin seabream ; Hilsa shad ; Indo-pacific king mackerel ; Narrow-bared Spanish mackerel ; Fishing ; Gill net ; Fishery ; Specimens ; Mortalities ; Coastal waters
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  • 18
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    Comprehensive study on assessment of sturgeons population genetic structure in the Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25174 | 18721 | 2018-09-03 17:15:43 | 25174 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The population genetic structure of five Caspian Sea sturgeon species was investigated. Totally 1121 samples of caudal and unault's fin tissue of the sturgeons (Acipenser persicus, A. gueldenstaedtii, A. stellatus, A. nudiventris and Huso huso) were collected from the Volga River (Russia), Ural River (Kazakhstan), Kura River (Azerbaijan), Sepidrud River and the coastline of the south Caspian in the Iranian waters as well as from the sampling stations selected for the marine survey for sturgeon stock assessment in the Caspian Sea. All samples were stored in 96% ethyl alcohol and transferred to the genetic laboratory of the International Sturgeon Research Institute. Genomic DNA was extracted using phenol-chloroform method. The quality and quantity of DNA was assessed by Agarose gel (1%) electrophoresis and spectrophotometry. The population genetic structure of Ship and Persian sturgeon was studied using both PCR-RFLP (D-loop and ND5/6 gene) and microsatellite technique and that of H. huso, A. stellatus and A. persicus were studied using microsatellite technique. After amplification of genes using PCR, the RFLP technique was used to digest mtDNA using restriction enzyme. The PCR products were electrophoresed on 6% sequencing polyacrylamide gels followed by silver nitrate staining. Data for PCR-RFLP were analyzed using REAP program and those from microsatellite technique were analyzed using Gene Alex. Population genetic parameters including allele frequency, expected and observed heterozygosity, effective allele, Shannon's index were determined. Genetic identity and distance were calculated following Nei criteria and Hardy Weinberg equilibrium was tested based on X2 and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) using Reap and Gen Alex at 99% confidence limit. Phylogenetic relationship was determined and drawn using TFPGA program. The population genetic structure and genetic diversity of the 1121 sturgeon specimens were determined. Three independent populations were identified for Acipenser persicus (two populations in the south Caspian in the Iranian waters and one in the north Caspian). Three independent populations were identified for A. gueldenstaedtii (Volga, Ural and South Caspian populations) using the microsatellite technique. Population genetic structure using PCR-RFLP revealed no genetic differentiation among the A. gueldenstaedtii specimens studied from the different regions using ND5/6 gene, while two populations (Ural and south Caspian populations) were detected for this species with the same technique using D-loop genes. Four independent populations (Volga, Ural, Kura and Sepidrud populations) were reported for A. stellatus using the microsatellite technique and four more populations which most probably belong to the autumn and spring races of the above mentioned independent populations were identified for this species. The present study also identified two populations for H. huso; The North Caspian population (in Volga and Ural Rivers) and The South Caspian population (in Golestan and Guilan regions) which were significantly different from each other (P〈0.01). The genetic population structure of A. nudiventris was studied using the microsatellite and PCR-RFLP techniques which revealed two populations for this species one in the Ural River and the other in the Sepidrud River (South Caspian). Comparison of the ND5/6 and D-loop genes studies in Russian sturgeon revealed that the D-loop gene is better than the ND5/6 genes in population's differentiation and is therefore strongly recommended for population genetic studies on sturgeons in the Caspian Sea. Genetic diversity studied using microsatellite technique was higher and more accurate as compared to that using RFLP. Nevertheless the RFLP technique was able to introduce molecular markers for the population’s species pacific identification. On developing suitable primers these studies can be speeded up and the cost of such studies can be cut down. However the drawback in using microsatellite technique for population genetic studies is that it cannot introduce a molecular marker for the identification of populations. The present study was able to introduce molecular markers to differentiate the ship sturgeon population in the south Caspian from that in the Ural River using the PCR-RFLP technique Based on the results obtained it is strongly recommended that all activities related to restocking and rehabilitation of sturgeon stocks in Iran be conducted on the basis of genetic principles. Also serious and immediate measures should be taken for the restoration and conservation of rare population of native species of Iran particularly in the Sepidrud region using genetic markers before they are become extinct.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Guilan Province ; Golestan province ; Sepidrud River ; Assessment ; Sturgeons ; Population ; Genetic ; PCR-RFLP ; Microsatellite ; Species ; Samples ; Tissue ; Acipenser persicus ; A. gueldenstaedtii ; A. stellatus ; A. nudiventris ; Huso huso ; Survey
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  • 19
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    Study on effects of Beta-glucan & extraction of Sargassum & Padina algae in prevention and treatment of WSD in Fenneropenaeus indicus (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25179 | 18721 | 2018-09-03 17:23:17 | 25179 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In this study two species of algae, Sargassum glaucescens and Padina boergeseni that found plenteously in Persian Gulf and Bushehr coast, were collected and hot water extracts of them were lyophilized. F. indicus (11.32±1.20 g), after two weeks adaptation in Shoghab research station were immersed in seawater (39 ppt and 25±1 ○C) containing hot-water extract of each brown algae, S.glaucescens and P.boergeseni, at 100, 300 and 500 mg/l concentration, Survival rate and immunological parameters (total haemocyte count (THC), total plasma protein (TPP), Phagocytic activity, bacterial clearance efficiency and bactericidal activity) were examined. In addition effect of dietary administration of beta 1, 3 1, 6 glucan on prevention of White Spot Disease and immunological parameters of shrimp were investigated. According to results, immersion in seawater containing 300 and 500 mg/l concentration of algal hot-water extract after 2 and 3 hours or oral administration of beta 1,3 1,6 glucan at level of 10 g/kg diet for 14 days significantly enhanced THC, TPP, Phagocytic activity, bacterial clearance efficiency and bactericidal activity. Immersion in seawater containing 100, 300 and 500 mg/l hot-water extract of S.glaucescens after 3 hours, improved the survival rate of WSSV-infected F. indicus.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Bushehr Province ; Beta-glucan ; Sargassum ; Padina algae ; WSD ; Fenneropenaeus indicus ; Species ; Algae ; Brown Algae ; S.glaucescens ; P.boergeseni ; Survival rate ; White Spot Disease ; Shrimp
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  • 20
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    Primary fish cell culture phase 1: primary cell culture of the interior pituitary gland of the Acipenser gueldenstaedtii (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25177 | 18721 | 2018-09-03 17:18:50 | 25177 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Fish cell lines have been used to support many areas of research, beginning with fish viruses and extending into immunology, genetic studies, toxicology, environmental effects, aquaculture and seafood quality and it is the first step in the gene banking, to preserve gene materials. The present study we cultured cell of interior pituitary of the Acipenser gueldenstaedtii gland, as a first attempts in IRAN. FISH cell culture has widespread applications in virology, toxicology and as in vitro models in cytogenetic, biomedical, physiological researches. A cell line has been established from the Acipenser gueldenstaedtii interior pituitary and scales have been used to develop primary cell cultures. Recently, successful primary culture of the interior pituitary gland of Acipenser gueldenstaedtii has been developed by explants method. The present study evaluated the potential of several interior pituitary gland from different developmental stages for development of cell cultures using explants method. Pituitary gland from various stages of the adult Acipenser gueldenstaedtii was collected under standard aseptic conditions. Developing gonads from 15-20-year-old male and female sturgeon were collected during late April and early May2007. In all the cases the tissues were pooled in cold PBS antibiotic antimycotic solution (Sigma Chemicals, USA). The tissues were evaluated for attachment, growth and ability to undergo to produce suspension of cells. Primary cultures were initiated from the above tissues according to our earlier procedures, with certain modifications in the sub cultivation procedure. Briefly, tissues were cut into 1 mm3 size fragments which were seeded into 25 cm2 tissue culture flasks. After appropriate semidrying and addition of minimum essential medium (MEM) (Sigma, USA) supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Sigma, USA), cell growth was monitored. A seeding density of 1.5 105 cells as determined by a hemocytometer. The results have been showed the Acipenser gueldenstaedtii interior pituitary cells growth in incubator Co2 in 370 C, the cells adapted in this temperature. They were in Lag phase for 10 days, in log phase on 10- 22 days, and in stationary phase on 23- 28 days, after that they died. So we could produce sturgeon growth hormone from fish pituitary cells culture. By this study we can passage the cells on 21th day, for every week. In this way we can produce continued cell culture and store them for gene banking.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Acipenser gueldenstaedtii ; Pituitary gland ; Primary cell culture ; Fish
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  • 21
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    Identification of genetic marker for differentiation of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) from Russian sturgeon (A. gueldeustadtti) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25519 | 18721 | 2018-10-05 15:40:50 | 25519 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) is more abundant sturgeon species in the South Caspian Sea and consist the highest proportion of Iranian Caviar, meat as well as bringing maximum foreign currency income, however from systematic point of view and differentiation of this species from Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstadttii) a serious challenging issues remain, where some Russian scientist are believe that the Persian sturgeon is not as an valid species and consider it as a subspecies of Russian sturgeon. This research conducted with the objective of identification and introducing a molecular marker based on specific DNA for differentiation of two species of Persian sturgeon and Russian sturgeon via a proved molecular marker method. For this purposes 8 different molecular approaches such: Microsatellite, AFLP, RAPD, sequencing of Cytb, 16sDNA, ND5, Growth Hormone gene and finally Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) were investigated. Based on applied methodology, between 5 to 16 caudal fin tissues were sampled for each species from different region of the Caspian Sea, Sefiedrud River, Ural and Volga rivers. Following DNA extraction, its quality and quantity were determined and the PCR experiment has been conducted using 5-110 primers according to various methods and type of gene. The PCR products were electrophoresed on Polyacrilamid or agarose gels and followed by silver and Ethidium Bromide staining. In RAPD method, polymorphic DNA band was cut on the gel followed by purification and then the segments were cloned in vector in Top10 strain of E.coli, and then sequenced. Meanwhile for Growth Hormone gene in Persian and Russian sturgeon the MEGA 4, Gene runner software were used to design the appropriate primers for PCR amplification. The PCR products were cloned in PTZ57R/T vector and transformed in Top10 E.coli strain and sequenced finally. For all other genes, similar methods were applied for PCR amplification and its products were sequenced and statistical analysis as well as phylogenetical tree was performed. In Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) method, after genomic library construction, in total 14.4 billion nucleotides were sequenced and similarity/ differentiation analysis of two species were investigated using specific bioinformatic software. Results indicated that Microsatellite and AFLP methods showed high level of genetic variation both within and between species. The Cytb gene, when 4 sample sequences from each species were compared two species were differentiated, however when analysis repeated over 15 samples, the sequence comparison couldn't differentiate two above mentioned species. Full sequence comparison of 16sDNA and mtDNA-ND5 gene showed variation in some nucleotide in both species of Persian and Russian sturgeon but no significant. Results of sequences obtained from cloned segment with RAPD method and also specific primer design based on produced sequences could succeed to discover a variable DNA band that able to differentiate two species from each other. Results of the present study also showed that the growth hormone gene (GH) of Persian and Russian sturgeon consists of 645 nucleotide that translate to 214 Amino Acids. The sequence comparison indicated that the gene coding growth hormone in Persian and Russian sturgeon had the highest similarity with GH of Mammals (71%), Anguilaformes (63%) and less similarity with bony fish (37%). Phylogenetic analysis indicates that Persian and Russian sturgeon in compare to other organism are ancient species and this gene is originated from a common ancestor. At present study the most appropriate results obtained from Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) method by sequencing 14.4 billion nucleotide from genome of two species of Persian and Russian sturgeon from North and the South Caspian Sea could prove that the Persian sturgeon is a valid and independent specie. This excellent results is the biggest scientific achievement for differentiation of two highly commercial important sturgeon species in the Caspian Sea in last two decades.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; 16S rDNA ; Acipenser persicus ; Persian sturgeon ; Acipenser gueldenstadttii ; DNA ; Russian sturgeon ; Species differentiation ; Molecular Marker ; SNP
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  • 22
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    A survey on health status of marine fish in Bandar-e-Imam station (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25189 | 18721 | 2018-09-03 17:16:20 | 25189 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Mariculture is one of the most important sub sector fisheries industry in Asia-pacific region. There are over 40 marine fish species commonly cultured, such as groupers (Epinephlus spp.), snappers (Lutjanus spp.) and Asian sea bass (Lattes calcarifer). But this industry in Southeast Asia experienced serious disease problem since the late 1980s. Khouzestan province has a coastal line about 200 km with many Creek and suitable area for Mariculture. Marine fish culture in Khouzestan province in floating net cages was successfully initiated in Ghazaleh Creek following development of Epinephlus coioides artificial seed production in the 1372. This study has been conducted since 1384 to 1387 in Bandar-e-Imam station. The aim of this research project was to determine the health management status in cage and hatchery, identification of marine fish pathogens (Bacteria, Fungi and parasite), examination of heavy metal in cages sediment and test the physico chemical factors of water in cages and hatchery. Different parts of broodstocks body and fingerlings including intestine, gills and body surface were examined. In this study, 18 Genus and species of bacteria such as Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio anguillarum, Vibrio splendidus, Vibrio vulnificus, Plesiomonas shigelloides, Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas caviae, Pseudomonas sp. were diagnosed. Also 7 Genus and species of fungi such as: Aspergillus Niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium sp. And Fusarium sp. Were isolated. In this survey following of disease appearance parasites such as; protozoans Amyloodinium sp. And Trichodina sp. In E.coioides and Acanthopagrus latus and Sparidentex hasta, monogean such as Benedenia sp. In E.coioides and S. hasta, isopoda probably Nerocila sp. In nasal cavity of E.coioides and copepods such as: Caligus sp. And Lernanthropus sp. In A.latus and S.hasta were identified. In this study, microorganisms (bacteria, fungi and parasites) isolated from three different marine fishes species, were reported for the first time in Iran. The range of the physico-chemical parameters of water in cages were: DO (5.42-10.24 ppm), BOD5 (1.51-10.24 ppm), No_2 (0.0197-0.89 ppm), No_3 (3.53-11.93 ppm), Po_4 (0.965-6.05 ppm), turbidity (4-58 NTU) and ammonia (0.0008-0.03 ppm). According to the results parameters such as nitrate, nitrite and turbidity were found more than standard levels. Heavy metals: Ni and Pb relatively high observed.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Khouzestan province ; Bandar-e-imam ; Mariculture ; Fisheries ; Species ; Epinephlus spp. ; Lutjanus spp. ; Lattes calcarifer ; Bacteria ; Fungi ; Parasite ; Aspergillus niger ; Aspergillus flavus ; Aspergillus fumigatus ; Penicillium sp. ; Fusarium sp. ; Vibrio alginolyticus ; Vibrio anguillarum ; Vibrio splendidus ; Vibrio vulnificus ; Plesiomonas shigelloides ; Aeromonas hydrophila ; Aeromonas caviae ; Pseudomonas sp. ; Grouper ; Snapper ; Sea bass
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  • 23
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    Study on Mahshahr creeks (north of Persian Gulf) as protected area (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25190 | 18721 | 2018-09-04 08:42:55 | 25190 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In recent years MPAs (Marine Protected Areas) have been known as a flexible tool to improve fishery management as well as to preserve biodiversity in valuable coastal waters habitats. This study was conducted to selecting the sensitive and high potential area that are impacted by several environmental stress and associated habitats are being damaged in Mahshahr creeks in Northwest of Persian Gulf. Study was done in eight creeks from October 2005 to September 2006. Different biotic parameters such as phytoplanktons, zooplankton, macro zooplankton, benthic animals and fishes (trawled species) communities and also physico-chemical parameters and sediments heavy metals were investigated. Different parameters were sampled monthly or seasonal from each creek. Water samples with bottle sampler and sediment were collected by Peterson grab. Several ecological and biological indices based on heavy metals and benthic communities were used. Concentrations of heavy metals were measured by using voltammetric plarography method (Methrom 797). The range and mean concentrations obtained in mg/kg were 35.16-15.03 (27.01) for Cu, 171.41-65.57 (102.672) for Ni, 20.06-4.63 (13.22) for Co, 0.78-0.093 (0.22) for Hg, 379-65.07 (113.7) for Zn, 1.00-0.27 (0.559) for Cd and 29.72-7.09 (14.66) for Pb. To evaluate the levels of sediment contaminations, the background values of the different heavy metals were calculated and contamination factor for each metals and degree of contamination for each creek determined as well. Measured concentrations were compared with International standards. Ultimately the heavy metals contamination factors (Cf) can be arranged as follows: Hg〉 Zn〉 Cu≥ Ni〉 Pb≥ Co 〉 Cd and according to contamination degree (Cd), different creeks can be arranged as follows too: Ghannam〉 Ahmady≥ Zangy〉 Doragh≥ Darvish〉 ghazaleh〉 Patil〉 Bihad Regarding the results some elements such as Hg, Zn and Ni, are at risk level and all of the studied creeks are classified in moderate degree of pollution except Ghannam showing considerable degree of pollution. The benthic invertebrates are a well-established target in evaluations of environmental quality status. The AMBI (AZTI,s Marine Biotic Index) was developed to determine the impacts and the quality status in softbottom marine benthic communities. All creeks are characterized by muddy bottom. Macrobenthic animals, according to their sensitivity to an increasing stress gradient, classified in five ecological groups. In present study due to appearance of dominant species such as Capitella sp and nematodes (as opportunist species), diversity values was reduced. Two way ANOVAs showed only seasonal significant differences in mean abundance (P〈0.05, f=5.712, df: 3,21) and Richness index values (p〈0.05, f= 4.975, df=3,21), while all of creeks showed similar biological characters based on benthic communities. According to annual, mean of AMBI (BC) all of creeks classified in ecological group III with slightly pollution, except Darvish that was placed in unpolluted category. In general, according to AMBI and BI values, The most creeks are classified in unpolluted (34%) and slightly pollution (34%) categories except Zangy, Doragh and Patil in summer and also Zangy and Bihad in winter that showed moderate to heavily pollution (32%). The results of chemical quality of sediments, Cf values, Cd values, AMBI Index and water quality and risk Indices have confirmed each other. In general, the Mahshahr creeks are classified in moderate to heavy pollution status. In addition, biological parameters of benthic communities and other biotic parameters have showndescending trend in ecological quality in all of the studied creeks. Communities. According to annual, mean of AMBI (BC) all of creeks classified in ecological group III with slightly pollution, except Darvish that was placed in unpolluted category. In general, according to AMBI and BI values, the most creeks are classified in unpolluted (34%) and slightly pollution (34%) categories except Zangy, Doragh and Patil in summer and also Zangy and Bihad in winter that showed moderate to heavily pollution (32%). The results of chemical quality of sediments, Cf values, Cd values, AMBI Index and water quality and risk Indices have confirmed each other. In general, the Mahshahr creeks are classified in moderate to heavy pollution status. In addition, biological parameters of benthic communities and other biotic parameters have showndescending trend in ecological quality in all of the studied creeks. We used of some criteria for evaluation of biotic potential or sensitivity and also to explain the ecological health level of studied creeks. Positive and negative criteria are classified in three level 1, 3 and 5 for low, moderate and high degree of conservation value respectively. According to gained points the creeks Darvish, Doragh and Ghazaleh in high level and creeks Ghannam , Zangy and ahmady in low level of conservation value were classified.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Khuzestan Province ; Mahshahr creeks ; Bottom sediments ; Heavy metals ; Contamination factor ; AMBI Index ; Risk Index ; Biodiversity ; Species ; Samples ; Benthic ; ANOVA ; Pollution
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    The Study of biology (age, feeding and, reproduction of Rutilus rutilus caspicus in south coast of the Caspian Sea (Iranian waters) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25569 | 18721 | 2018-10-06 17:07:25 | 25569 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The Caspian Sea is an important source of water in terms of having valuable resources of sturgeon and bony fish is taken into consideration roach(Rutilus rutilus caspicus (L.)) is one of the most important commercial species in the southern coast of the Caspian Sea in Iran , the catch of this species has declined substantially in the last 10 years, The management and exploitation need of comprehensive review of its biology .This study as part of a comprehensive study of feeding , spawning and growth of this species.In this study, using samples caught in beach seine along the southern coast of the Caspian Sea coastal ( Iranian waters ) took place. The fork length and total weight ranged between 12.5 to29.5(cm) and 29 to293( grm),10.5 to23(cm) and17.2 to21(grm) in Golestan and Gilan Province respectively. The b value of the length-weight relationship ranged 3.02 to 3.25 and 3.28 to 3.75 for female and male, in Golestan and Gilan Province respectively. The age composition of the catch was from 1 to 4 year in both Province, there was one spawning peak and Fecundity variations were high and ranged 7260 to 231965 eggs. Average growth in length was described with the Von Bertalanffy growth model: L (t) = 30.94(1-exp (0.42(t-0.18) and L (t) = 20.49(1-exp (0.53(t-1). The percent of empty stomach and prey dominant evaluated during different seasons by specific formula. Result showed that gastropod, Polychaete worms and molluscs were dominated and specific food items respectively. Shrimp, fish, insects, zooplankton and clams were scare of prey.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Rutilus rutilus caspicus ; Spawning ; Feeding ; Growth ; Length
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    Geographical distribution of commercial bony fishes in Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25568 | 18721 | 2018-10-06 17:03:55 | 25568 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The beach seines catch and effort data from 1996 to 2011 categorized in four periods and used in this research. Geographical coordinates of beach seines determined by portable GPS and distribution maps of important and commercial species prepared by catch per unit effort (CPUE). The concentration of beach seines in the western coast of Golestan province, Kiashahr area and eastern part of Anzali was more than another part. The daily effort in Kiashahr and Anzali area was very high, thus the fishing stress in these areas was more than another part of Iranian coastal waters of the Caspian Sea. The number of species in catch composition increased from east to west and the beach seines of Guilan province had total of commercial species, but the number of commercial species rarely was five species in Golestan province and especially in eastern coast. Relative frequency and distribution of Kuttum in the east Babolsar area and then between Sepidroud and Anzali lagoon were more than another part. The ISI index of Kuttum was high in all of the area except east coast of Golestan province. The main distribution of Mullets determined in the western coast of Golestan province and the Amirabad fishing area and in these areas, the ISI index of Mullets was high. The main distribution area of common carp determined in east coast of Golestan and the ISI index of common carp was very low in other parts. Density and distribution of Kolmeh were high in eastern and western coasts of Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea and the density of this species was very low in Mazandaran province. The density of Zander was very high in surrounding of Sepidroud River and Anzali lagoon. The ISI index of commercial species in Guilan province was more than other provinces except Kuttum, mullets and common carp.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Golestan province ; Guilan province ; Mazandaran province ; Babolsar ; Anzali ; Kiashahr ; Bony fishes ; CPUE ; ISI index ; Distribution map ; Species ; Fishing ; Kuttum ; Mullets ; Common carp ; Density
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    An ecological investigating on controlling Mnemiopsis leidyi population activity 6: molecular test in identification of Mnemiopsis leidyi (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25214 | 18721 | 2018-09-06 05:58:33 | 25214 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In this study population genetic structure of Mnemiopsis leidyi were examined by 200 samples from the Caspian Sea. Samples were collected from Guilan province (Astara region), Mazandaran province (Amir Abad region), Golestan province (Gomishan region) and north part of the Caspian Sea. 50 samples were collected from each region. DNA was extracted by phenol - chlorophorm method and its concentration was 50 to 100 nanogram. PCR was performed using 18s rRNA gene. The PCR products of samples were digested by 12 restriction endonuclease enzymes. The digested products accompanied with standard marker (50 bp lader ). In order to measure fragment size samples were run on a 6% vertical polyacrylamide gel. The fragments were visualized by silver staining of the polyacrylamide gel. In this study, Dra I and Alu I enzymes showed different digestion pattern, as each of these enzymes had two genotypes. Other enzymes had similar digestion pattern. RAPD method used by 19 random primers. Ten of nineteen primers showed polymorphism patterns. Statistical analysis of data was performed by Popgene software. In this study, the maximum of genetic variation was in north of the Caspian Sea. Also, the maximum of genetic distance was between north area and Golestan coasts (0.089) and the minimum of genetic distance was between Mazandaran and Guilan coasts (0.001). The UOGMA dendogram showed two clusters. The samples of Mazandaran , Guilan and Golestan coasts placed in one cluster and samples of north area in other cluster The genetic diversity was significantly different between samples of north area and Golestan coasts (p≤0.05). As result, there is a significant genetic divergence between some of samples. Therefore, two genetic group of Mnemiopsis leidyi were identified in the Caspian Sea.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Guilan province ; Mazandaran province ; Golestan province ; RFLP ; RAPD ; Mnemiopsis leidyi ; Genetic variation ; Population ; Molecular Test ; Samples ; Enzymes ; Genotype
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    Using biotechnology and chemical approach extraction of chitin and conversion to chitosan from the cyst shells of Artemia urmiana (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25618 | 18721 | 2018-10-07 16:34:53 | 25618 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Chitin and chitosan are 2 very important products of biopolymer that enjoy high consumption in industry, but their production sources are very limited. In this study, Artemia urmiana cyst shells were obtained from previously collected and stored ones in Iranian Artemia Research Center. 20 kg of Artemia urmiana cyst shells were sampled, cleaned, separated, dried and transferred to Iranian Artemia Research Center Laboratory to extract their Chitin and chitosan. Their chitin and chitosan initially were extracted using optimized common chemical methods. Their properties were compared to 2 other types of Chitin and chitosan obtained from crab and shrimp manufactured by Vietnam and China, respectively. To determine their quality, elemental analysis device, infrared spectrophotometry, x –ray radiography, determination of viscosity , molecular weight, crystallinity percent, color, de stylization measure, empirical and molecular formulas were made. The results showed that the percentage of chitin obtained from Artemia cyst Shells in Chemical method was 28 ± 3 % by weight and efficiency into chitosan (grade steel relief) in this method was 50± 5%. To optimize the extraction procedure and the removal of proteins of chitin by biological practices that were done by sodium hydroxide in the chemical method, it was replaced by the bacterium Bacillus subtilis. And in the bio- phase of chitosan de steelation fungus Aspergillus niger enzyme was replaced instead of sodium hydroxide at high temperatures. The results showed that chitin and chitosan can be extracted from Artemia cyst shell using biological method and their characteristics included as in chitin 49.6% C, 8.2 % N, 7.5 % H, and 34.5 %O. Also the same levels for chitosan were 44.4 %, 8.9, 7.2 and 39.5 %, respectively. Their other quality characteristics were included chitin average molecular weight 4.9×10^6 Dalton, crystallinity percentage of 36.4, viscosity at 20°C 31 centipoise and its color was gray to brown. In the biologic method, the average molecular weight of chitosan, crystallinity percentage, viscosity at 20°C, were 5.1×105 Dalton, 94.5, and 18 centipoises, respectively. Also, its color was pale brown. Chemical structure of extracted chitin and chitosan from the shell of Artemia urmiana cysts were C_7H_12NO_4 and C_6H_11 NO_4c, respectively. The comparison of chitin and chitosan obtained from each chemical and biological method revealed that replacing biological methods instead of chemical methods is possible in achieving these products at suitable condition and better quality. This can eliminate the use of chemicals damaging the environment such as sodium hydroxide and decrease environmental pollution.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Iran ; Artemia urmiana cyst shell ; Chitin ; Chitosan ; Chemical ; Biological methods ; Crab shell ; Shrimp shell ; Biotechnology
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    Determining of DNA-barcoding of 6 – 8 species by partial sequencing of mtDNA (CO1) using molecular method (PCR-Sequencing) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25619 | 18721 | 2018-10-07 17:03:03 | 25619 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Barcodes are short segments of DNA that can be used to uniquely identify an unknown specimen to species, particularly when diagnostic morphological features are absent. These sequences could offer a new forensic tool in plant and animal Conservation-especially for endangered species. It was proved that a small fragment of mitochondrial DNA from the 5′-end of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene as a reliable, quick and costeffective identification system for most Crustacea like shrimp. Take a look in DNA barcoding website show that there is a little data about Iranian shrimps which live in Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. In this Study six species of shrimp: Fenoro penaeus indicus, Fenoro penaeus merguensis, penaeus semisulcatus, Metapenaeus affinis, Marsupenaeus japonicas, Fenoro penaeus penicillatus were collected from different stations in Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. All materials were preserved in 70% ethanol and were shipped to the laboratory for taxonomic studies. After identification, the total DNA was extracted; COI gene was first amplified and then sequenced for each species. Finally the collected data were analyzed with the specific phylogenetic software. The results were amazing and the interesting part was that analytical methods for showing species relationship suggested that Fenoro penaeus penicillatus is closer to Marsupenaeus gnus than penaeus gnus. This finding needs more investigation to be proved. We suggest a workflow for DNA barcoding, including database generation and management, which will ultimately be necessary if we are to succeed to join universal DNA barcode for Crustacea.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Oman Sea ; DNA ; DNA barcoding ; Species ; mtDNA ; CO1 ; Molecular method ; PCR ; Specimens ; Morphological ; Cytochrome ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Shrimp ; Fenoro penaeus indicus ; Fenoro penaeus merguensis ; Penaeus Semisulcatus ; Metapenaeus affinis ; Marsupenaeus japonicas ; Fenoro penaeus penicillatus
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    The study of feeding, reproduction and biological parameters of kilka fishes in the Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25622 | 18721 | 2018-10-08 05:50:41 | 25622 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The overfishing and changing environmental following the introduction of the comb jelly Mnemiopsis leidyi in the Caspian Sea, the population structure has a strong influence on kilka fishes in the Caspian Sea and therefore to in this investigation which had been done in commercial catch regions (where discharged theirs catch) in three ports Babolsar, Amirabad (in mazandaran) and Anzali (in Guilan), stimated catch and catch per unit effort, the age structur of catch, length- weight relationship, von Bertalanffy growth parameters, condition factor, sex ratios, maturity stags, spawning and feeding. The result shown that catch of kilka in Iranian coastal in 2012 decreased from 24080 ton to 22696 ton in 2013. But CPUE increased was 2.7 ton (Vessel ×Night) and there was no significant changes. Common kilka was the predominant all months of the year, 98.1 and 98.9 percent in 2012 and 2013 respectively. The mean length was 104.4±10.5 and 101.6±11.2 at the same time and range length 92/ 5 – 117/5 mm were the dominant population(about 75%). Relative abundance of fish less than 77.5 mm and more than 127.5 mm is very low. Age abundance during this period have not been substantially changed and always fishes with 3 and 4 year olds had the highest frequency73.6 and 73.5 percent respectively. The parameters of the Von Bertalanffy growth curve were (8.141) 048.1 for common kilka. The instantaneous coefficient of natural mortality (M) was 0.506 yr-1. The instantaneous coefficient of fihing mortality and total mortality were 0.694 yr-1 and 1.2 yr^-1 , respectively. The exploitation rate of common kilka varied during 2012-2013 between 0.41-0.50. The mean condition factor 1.41±0.14 (n=5801) and 1.38±0.16 (n=6754) at the same time respectively. According to statistical analysis Anova oneway were a significant difference between condition factor at the same time . Main prey common kilka was Acartia tonsa accounting for over 80%. It seems Common kilka due to a decrease in the frequency of other zooplankton species depend more than ever on Acartia tonsa and this species is probably a concentration of prey for Common kilka.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Mazandaran Province ; Guilan Province ; Anzali ; Babolsar ; Kilka fishes ; Age ; Growth parameters ; Condition factor ; Exploitation rate ; Feeding ; Reproduction ; Overfishing ; Comb jelly ; Mnemiopsis leidyi ; Population ; Sex ratios ; Maturity ; Spawning ; Mortality ; ANOVA ; Acartia tonsa
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    Identification of qanats in Rafsanjan, Sirjan and Ravar cities for fish culture (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25229 | 18721 | 2018-09-06 06:14:35 | 25229 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Study and recognition of the Quanat water of Rafsanjan, Sirjan and Ravar cities has been beginning since the November of 2004. Among 228 Quanat chains were studied in these cities, 165 quanat chains had a discharge more than 10 liter per second (L/Se) which were sampled. In this research oxygen, pH, discharge, water temperature and air temperature were measured in two times and in the local place. Height from the sea level, longitude and latitude were measured (by GPS Machine) in one time and in the local place and other physical and chemical factors including No_2, No_3, Co_2, total hardness, NH_3 and So_4 were measured one time in the laboratory. In this manner, the condition of connection ways of considered Quanat with city was studied. With examination on the Quanat water in above said cities, all of Quant was within desired extents for aquaculture activities. Moreover in some of them, water temperature was higher than 20 degree centigrade that with some changes and in specific months can be used in aquaculture.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Rafsanjan ; Sirjan ; Ravar ; Fish ; Aquaculture ; Quant ; Water ; Oxygen ; pH ; Temperature ; No2 ; No3 ; Co2 ; NH3
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    The survey statistical and biological of sturgeon in the southern Caspian Sea (Mazandaran waters) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25627 | 18721 | 2018-10-07 16:48:29 | 25627 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study have been conducted entitle biological and statistical sturgeon in the southern Caspian Sea (Mazandaran waters)” from 2009 to 2013. Sampling was manthly. Overal, 1859 specimens of different species of sturgeon was caught including Acipenserpersicus (69%), A. stellatus (19%), Husohuso (6%), A. nudiventris (4%) and A. guldenstaedtii (2%). Totally, the meat and caviar of five species were found 53263.6 kg and 5633 kg respectively and caviar to meat ratio was 10.6%. The results show that ration of meat and caviar whole species reduced from 2009 to 2012 in which the meat and caviar of A. persicus was declined from 12146 to 4465 kg in meat and caviar from 1358 to 487 kg were extremely reduced respectively. The CPUE (catch per unit effort) of sturgeon has fluctuated from 2009 to 2012. Totally, the CPUE of A. persicus was decreased from 0.150 (2009) to 0.130 (2012) kg boat per day, A. stellatue from 0.009 (2009) to 0.021 (2012) kg boat/day, A. guldenstaedtii from 0.002 (2009) to 0.003 (2012) kg boat/day, A. nudiventris from 0.027 (2009) to 0.001 (2012) kg boat/day and H. huso from 0.123 (2009) to 0.018 (2012) kg boat /day. 1061 specimens of fish has been caviar including A. persicus with 69%, A. stellatus (18.1%), H. huso (5.5%), A. guldenstaedtii (2.7%). The frequency of caviar categorize was included 1 , 2, 3 and massive with 49.6%, 38%), 10.6% and 1.9%, respectively. The highest of meat and caviar belong to A. persicus with 31414 kg and 3515.7 kg, respectively were found and the lowest was 841kg and 105.9 kg pertain to A. guldenstaedtii. The results show that 65.9% of sturgeon was caught by legal catch (landing) and 34.1% by beach seine remained. 391 individuals was age determined that the minimum and maximum age was 9 and 41 year comprised to H.huso and A. stellatus, respectively. A. persicus and A. stellatus were majority caught compare to other species. A. persicus has the highest frequency in 14-15 year age groups with 50% and 57% in 2009 and 2011, respectively and 15-16 year age group with 41% and 56% in 2010 and 2012, respectively. The results show that mean of fork length, body weight, caviar weight of A. persicus was declined because the FL and weight average (±SD) obtained from 152.4±16.7cm and 25.8±9.2 kg in 2009 to 146.5± 18.7cm and 22.1±9.2kg in 2012, respectively. In contrast, the average (±SD) FL and weight of H. huso was increased from 218.8±41.1cm and 137.3±96.6kg in 2009 to 231.3±45.2cm in FL and 146.2±78.5kg body weight in 2012, respectively. Consequently, the results show that stocks of sturgeon in the Caspian Sea has a trend declined because of some species in IUCN categorize list was Endangered in 2006 but at this moment lie in Critically Endangered list of IUCN categorize were down which could be a serious alarm for the valuable sturgeon fish in the Caspian Sea. Therefore, recommendation that trade catch of sturgeon in the Caspian Sea must be forbidden and continue legal catch for spawner fish that needede to artificial propagation only.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Biology ; Sturgeons ; A. persicus ; A. stellatus ; A. guldenstaedtii ; A. nudiventris ; H. huso ; CPUE
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    Genetic national plan study in order to shrimp breeding and developing of shrimp culture technology (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25256 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 07:21:26 | 25256 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Sampling was done using 90 post larvae which were produced by reproduction of some broodstock of Penaeus indicus in one day and reared in the same situation for 4 month. Samples were classified in 3 group high growth, medium and low (according to their weight and length). Genomic DNA was extracted from a 1cm^2 piece of muscle using the phenol-chloroform method. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was done using 21 RAPD loci. And PCR products were separated on 3% Agarose gels. From 21 studied loci, 12 produced polymorphic bands. The most polymorphic band produced using OPAQ 9 and the least by OPAQ 7. According to Nei 1972, the highest distance (0.457) was between low growth group and medium and the lowest (0.091) between high growth group and medium, therefore the highest identity (0.912) was between high growth group and medium and the lowest (0.633) between low growth group and medium. Consensus neighbour-joining tree using Nei (1972 and 1978) resulted in two clades, the first including high and medium growth groups and the second low growth group, it appears that low growth group are depended on separated population of the two others. With considering of mean weight of F1(16.25±1.5), mean weight of 15 ±1.2 and mean weight of parent 31.6, response to selection (R) and heritability for growth in this species were estimated 1.2±0.2 and 0.07±0.01 respectively. In another part of this study Sequencing of specific bands and primer design were done and examining of them on the same age specimens is necessary in following.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Penaeus indicus ; High growth ; RAPD marker ; Genetic ; Shrimp ; Breeding ; Culture ; Sampling ; Broodstock ; Phenol-chloroform methods ; Population ; Species ; Specimens
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    Broodstock management, reproduction, cryopreservation in salmonid, genetic management and selective breeding in responsible aquaculture (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25651 | 18721 | 2018-10-14 02:48:20 | 25651 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was conducted to codify the guideline and indexes of broodstock management in salmonid fish and cryopreservation, selective breeding and sex reversal in hatchery to attain responsible aquaculture development. Cryopreservation includes of sperm and egg in term of economic is important in aquaculture. In this report mentioned the type and name of material. All female and sex reversal fish are produced by steroid hormone which mentioned in this report. Selective breeding include individual selection and family selection which could be used for genetic improvement of fish.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Management ; Iran ; Broodstock ; Reproduction ; Cryopreservation ; Genetic ; Breeding ; Aquaculture ; Salmonid fish ; Sex reversal ; Hatchery ; Sperm ; Egg ; Female ; Steroid hormones
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    Extraction‚ purification, identification and amount verification of steroids in Sargassum glaucescens and Padina boergesni algae in Oman Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25642 | 18721 | 2018-10-14 02:40:17 | 25642 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Padina boergesenii is one of the most abundant brown algae distributed in the north of Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. In this study after sampling and preparation of Padina boergesenii by Chroform-Etanol (3-1) solvent and by Methanol has been extract. Separation and purification of the compounds was carried out using thin layer, general and inverse column chromatography, Cephadex and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Structural elucidation of the constituents was based on the data obtained from H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HSQC, HMBC, DEPT and Cephadex LH-20. The steroids compounds separated from above alga were identified as 22dehydrocholesterol (1), cholesterol (2), fucosterol (3), β-sitosterol (4), stigmasterol (5), ostreasterol (6) and two epimer of hyroxyestrol(7), based on their spectral data and from comparison with those previously reported in the literature.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Iran ; Oman Sea ; Persian Gulf ; Brown Algae ; Padina boergesenii ; Steroids compounds ; Extraction ; Purification ; Identification ; Amount verification ; Sargassum glaucescens ; Algae ; Abundant ; Sampling ; Chromatography ; Cephadex ; Dehydrocholesterol ; Cholesterol ; Fucosterol ; β-sitosterol ; Stigmasterol ; Ostreasterol
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    Trout farms and other human activities effects on Cheshmehkileh river ecosystem in Tonekabon (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25792 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 08:54:26 | 25792 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Cheshmehkileh River and adjacent mountainous streams, play a strategic role as a historical axis for anthropogenic civilization, human welfare also habitat and migration pathway of commercial – biologic valuable fishes e.g. Caspian trout, Caspian kuttum, members of Cyprinidae family in south Caspian Sea drainage. Treats such as overfishing of Caspian trout and Red spotted trout stocks in mountainous headwaters, barriers construction and manipulations those are out of river carrying capacity developed by human activities, affected normal function of river as well. Sand mining big factories establishment next to the river, legal and illegal trade of river sediments, direct entry of Tonekabon landfill leakage into the river, development of Rainbow trout farms since 3 decades and huge effluents into the river containing dead fish and types of solids, escapement of cultured Rainbow trouts into the river, … are major minimum factors which needs basic information for integrating inclusively drainage management system. Cheshmehkileh River contains Headwaters of Dohezar (Daryasar & Nusha), Sehezar and Valamroud rivers during 13 monthly sampling phases between September 2009 and October 2010 based on macrozoobenthoses investigations by EPT, EPT/C EPA protocols, measurements of nominated physic-chemical and microbiologic parameters. Probability of Rainbow trouts escapement and invasion, existence, nutrition in Cheshmehkileh environment indeed investigated. Data analysis explained significant differences (P〈0.05) between groups of measured parameters in different sampling stations. Dendogram of clustered analysis based on consolidation of major biologic/ physic-chemical and microbiologic parameters, separated stations No. 1, 3, 2, 4 in one group and remained classified in different groups. Station 8 and 9 similarly separated which expressed general similarities according to Sehezar river environment which were differs in comparison with other stations. Station 11 separated according to its natural quality of water and environment. Similarities between station 10 to Sehezar river stations 8 and 9 expressed general influence of Sehezar River more than Dohezar River in Cheshmehkileh condition especially in station No. 10. High scores of EPT and EPT/C indices in upstream stations 1, 3 and 8 also low score of indices in stations 7, 13 and 6 expressed levels of environment quality between these groups of stations. Maximum average biomass of macroinvertebrates belongs to Trichoptera order in Cheshmehkileh River. Significant decrease of biomass in stations 11, 12 and 13 in comparison with other stations stated environment degradation in mentioned stations relevant to excessive sand mining as well. Pollution resistant groups of invertebrates significantly increased in downstreams against upstream stations. Also disappearing of Plecoptera order in station No. 7, 9, 10 and 13 stated low quality of environment in comparison with upstream stations. Confirmation of effects quality and quantity for point and non-point sources of imported pollutants require specific management considerations in order to present exploitations, pollutants control and emergencies for river monitoring in forthcoming years.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Management ; Iran ; Tonekabon ; Cheshmehkileh ; River ; Pollution ; Aquaculture ; EPTC ; Assessment ; Macroinvertebrates ; Chemistry ; Microbiology
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    Study of benthic macro invertebrates in the Anzali lagoon (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25822 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 10:12:48 | 25822 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The Anzali wetland (37.28N – 49.25E) with less than 100 km2 surface area is located in the southwestern shores of the Caspian Sea in the Guilan province. The benthic macro-invertebrates were studied as a part of a main project titled study of aquatic communities variation in the Anzali wetland. The sampling was performed at the 10 stations with using a Van-Veen grab during 2014-2015. The results showed, 14 macro-invertebrates taxa were identified as Chironomidae (Insecta, Diptera) and Tubificidae (Annelida, Oligochaeta), they were dominated in the wetland. The maximum and minimum densities of macro-invertebrates were observed with 609±1119 and 93.32±27.92 n/m^2 respectively at the stations 5 and 1. The silt-clay constitute more than 85 percentage of the wetland sediments with maximum of 93.2±27.92 percentage at the 2 station and minimum 72.21±27.92 at the 5 station. Kruskal Wallis non parametric test (sig. ≤0.05), revealed significant differences for all studied factors at stations while of %tom and grain size had no significant variation. The CCA analysis revealed no accordance of total organic matter (TOM ) and silt- clay percentage vectors with Tubificidae and total benthic frequencies, while Chironomidae frequency is in accordance. Intensifying eutrification process in the Anzali wetland has affected its biota as the benthic fauna are almost limited in to most tolerant taxa which reflect the day after day increasing pollution the Anzali wetland.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Guilan Province ; Anzali wetland ; Macroinvertebrates ; Eutrification ; Aquatic ; Tubificidae ; Chironomidae ; Insecta ; Diptera ; Annelida ; Oligochaeta ; Benthic fauna
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    Investigation of chromosome and ploidy levels of rainbow trout produced from imported eyed eggs (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25825 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 10:43:05 | 25825 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Rainbow trout is the main cultural species of coldwater fishes in iran. Often, aquaculturists intend to breeding in order to production of lines with higher growth rate potential and disease resistant. Nevertheless in the country, no trout breeding programs, has been performed yet and most of the farms focused on the cultivation of the first (unbred) race. While European countries progressed in trout breeding techniques and production lines with higher growth through genetic manipulation (chromosomal number and type changes of fish) and/or selection and their fish products derived from this technology, including eyed eggs and so on have sold to other regions of the world (eg: Iran). In this study, some biological parameters including survival, growth, feed conversion ratio (FCR.) and chromosomal number of two juvenile groups from imported( group 1) and native(group 2) eyed fish eggs were compared. For chromosomal investigation, blood smear test and flow cytometry were performed. sults showed a significant difference (P≤5%) in growth rate of native fishes and French group Native fish feed conversion ratio (0.9) was significantly difference (P≤5%) from that of French fishes (1.15). Chromosomal analysis showed no difference in chromosome number in treatments and two fish groups were 2n chromosome. Based on the results, the fishes of group 1 had faster grow potential and gain weight in less time than that of group 2 and this has been achieved to go through the process of selection and feminization without any change in number of ploidy. Whereas the ability of native fishes in food efficiency ( lower FCR.) was better. However, the reduction of rearing period is the benefit and preference of cultivation of imported or origionally foreign.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Iran ; Imported eyed egg ; Native fish ; Ploidy level ; Growth ; Rainbow trout ; Chromosome ; Species ; Breeding ; FCR
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    Induction of population triploid-interploid in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mikiss) using by indirect (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25827 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 10:47:16 | 25827 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Induced polyploidy is a suitable tool for producing sterile fish which made commercial benefits in the aquaculture industry. This study carried out in order to produce triploid-interploid population via mating tetraploid female with diploid male rainbow trout. Heat shock was used for making tetraploid population and the best temperature and induction time were examined. Result showed that highest mortality from 1 day after fertilization to emerging were in groups 6 of embryos (40.1%) and the lowest were in groups 3 (33 %). Flowcytometry results showed that some fish were polyploidy. Comparative analyze of genome levels in tetraploid fish to control fish (diploid) and hen as standard indicator, confirmed tetraploid fishes in this study. In conclusion we can state that heat shock induction for 7 minutes at 65 hour –degree after fertilization in 28ºC is optimum temperature for inducting tetraploid rainbow trout.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Iran ; Sexual development ; Triploid interploid ; Tetraploidy ; Heat shock ; Flow cytometry ; Rainbow trout
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  • 39
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    A survey on biodiversity of Cyprinid fishes of Iran (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25832 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 10:50:13 | 25832 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: A survey on Biodiversity of Cyprinidae family in Iran Cyprinidae family is the biggest and most important fish families with 367 Genera and 3006 species in the world. Members of this family is the most important freshwater species are present in a variety of freshwater ecosystems. Some of them can also live in brackish waters. Iran has about 93 species in the family Cyprinidae and consist half of the fishes in inland waters. In the past two decades many changes occurred in aquatic ecosystems, Fish habitat conditions changed and a lot of them are affected and some species are endangered or put under pressure. Restricted fish migration, Some Exotic species and have been entered in water resources and have narrowed arena on continued existence of native species. On the other hand, climate change and drought on water resources aggravate existing conditions. It is necessary effects of these changes in the family Cyprinidae be reviewed and analyzed.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Iran ; Cyprinidae ; Biodiversity ; Water resources ; Climate Changes
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  • 40
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    Survey of potential adaptation (ion- osmotic) rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerling with Caspian Sea water (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25833 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 10:28:58 | 25833 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study aimed to determine domain the adaptability of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings in fresh water up to 20 per thousand (grams per liter) for providing facilities for growing this valuable species in the aquatic environment with salinity unconventional been completed. For this purpose the biochemical, bloody and physiologic parameters rainbow trout were studied to determine the adjustment range .Fingerlings fishes from cold water fish farm in the province Mazandran were prepared and for experiments were transferred to the Ecological Institute of Caspian Sea . Fingerlings with an average weight 31.56 ± 0. 07 SE g and average fork length 13.80 ± 0.15 SE cm, in 3 treatments in water with salinities (fresh, 13 and 20 grams per thousand) with a density of 15 numbers in polyethylene to 300-liter tank containing the 250 liters of water testing were introduced. Fresh water from Tajan rivers and water psu13 from the water Caspian Sea and water psu20 by mixing water the Caspian Sea and Sea salt was prepared . The daily amount to 50 percent of the of water tankss been replaced .During the experimental period was for 7 days and were not fed during the experiment.The water parameters was measured during the experiment included 6 ppm dissolved oxygen, pH equal to 8.2 and temperature 15.5 ° C . In the experimental period were not observed Losses in the experimental groups . The results showed that fish gill and kidney introduced in different salinities by making appropriate changes in chloride cells in the gills through increasing the number and the volume of these cells at the base of secondary blades and tubules in the kidney tubules to create greater interior space, are adapted to By changing salinity. Relatively parameters osmolarity, sodium, chloride, magnesium, cortisol, calcium, hematocrit, hemoglobin, number of red blood and white cells in water saltier than freshwater environment was higher (0.05〈 p, Duncan). Changes in hematological and blood plasma ionic parameters and vital organs Fingerlings indicates a willingness adaptability and the ability physiological adaptation fingerling was consistent with changes to environmental salinity brackish water .So, the factors measured with increasing salinity the uptrend that the range of variation for the osmolarite 449-281 mOsmol kg, for sodium, chloride, magnesium, cortisol, respectively, 211- 151, 165121, 3/3 7/0, 87. 53 mmol and the calcium 22-13 mg per dL. The measured values for hematocrit 32.2- 38.8%, hemoglobin 6.2 - 8.6 g per deciliter and the red and white blood cells, was respectively, 1.2-1.7×106 and the 15.6 -18.9×103.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Adaptation ; Rainbow trout ; Gills ; Kidney ; Survey ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Fingerlings
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    A study on fishing status and some reproductive characteristics of Klunzinger’s mullet (Lize klunzingeri) in coastal waters of Khuzestan province (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25845 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 08:35:24 | 25845 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Biological characteristics of Liza klunzingeri were studied in two coastal areas, Sajaphi and Bahrekan, of eastern Khuzestan during March to February 2007. Among total 1880 measured fish specimens, 947 specimens were analyzed. The mean value of Gonado-somatic Index (GSI) for the male and female fish were calculated as 0.96± 1.39 and 3.25 ± 3.26 respectively. The GSI value was highest in November and lowest in July. The mean value of condition factor (K) was 1.25± 0.14 in male and 1.21± 0.15 for female. The highest K value were observed in June and the lowest value in February. The lenght at first maturity regardless of sexuality, was found to be 14.5 cm and the time of spawning based on reproduction pattern were determined in Nov- Dec. The length-weight relationship were calculated as Y=0.024L^2.76 (n=226R2=0.72) for males, Y=0.011L^3.00 (n=444R2= 0.78) for females and Y=0.0208L^2.82 (n=670R2 =0.82) for total fishes and also it’s found significant in level length weight relationship in (P〈0.05). According to biological characteristics and referring to American fisheries society (AFS) indices and Fuzzy logic expert system, Lize klunzingeri is classified as low vulnerable species.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Khuzestan province ; Sajaphi ; Bahrekan ; Lize klunzinger ; Gonado-somatic Index ; GSI ; Condition factor ; Biological characteristics ; Female ; Male ; Specimens ; Fisheries
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    Identification of native fish in Hamedan province (Gamaciyab) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25079 | 18721 | 2018-08-22 06:43:41 | 25079 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was carried out from 2001 to 2002 in Gamasyab River of Hamadan province of Iran in order to identification of indigenous species of this water resource. The main objective of this study was to fish identification for scientific purposes, geographical distribution pattern, preparation atlas of the fishes, introduction of commercial species and awareness on ecological situation of their natural habitats. Also providing necessary information for conservation and sustainable use of these valuable stocks and minimizing environmental impacts of unsecured utilization. Sampling were carried out by selecting 15 sampling stations through the river and fishing by electro fisher and cast net. Identification accomplished by valid identification keys in species level. Photography and slides provides and 10 pieces of each species tagged by unique codes for preservation in national museum. 50 morphometric and meristic characteristics studied for scientific identification.. Indigenous fishes belong to 14 species, 10 genus, 3 family and 2 order. Indeed 2 exotic species belong to Cyprinidae and Salmonidae families recognized. From these indigenous species, 11 belong to Cyprinidae family and only one species belong to Sisoridae family.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Hamadan ; Gamasyab River ; Indigenous species ; Identification ; Fish ; Sampling ; Morphometric ; Cyprinidae ; Salmonidae ; Sisoridae
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    Effect of artemia density on cyst yields of fertilized ponds (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25088 | 18721 | 2018-08-22 06:46:47 | 25088 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: One of the effective factors in cyst production on Artemia culture ponds is the number of oviparous females and density of biomass in view of adult's weight per liter of ponds water. In this study, the effect of oviparous female's abundance (Reproductive Females lit^-1) on daily cyst yields with using the ANOVA and correlation Analytical method were assayed. The result indicated that, with presence the small number of oviparous females (less than five Ind lit^-1) and Artemia density (between 0/1 to 0/2g/ lit) on culture ponds, the cyst yields at first sixty days culture period (160 Kg.dw/ha) were more than yields that harvested at three months later (47 Kg.dw/ha) and on the second three months of cultural period despite of presence the larger number of oviparous females (more than twenty Ind/lit) and presence the same Artemia population density, the daily cyst yields was declined.(Sig=0.000).
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Artemia ; Density ; Cyst ; Fertilized pond ; Females ; Biomass ; Weight ; ANOVA
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    Comprehensive study on probability of controlling Caspian Sea invasive ctenophora (Mnemiopsis leidyi) (Activity 2: Investigation on Mnemiopsis leidyi diet in the Caspian Sea) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25091 | 18721 | 2018-08-22 07:12:26 | 25091 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Mnemiopsis leidyi is one the species of comb-jelly. It belongs to the Ctenophore phylum and Lobate order. It is a purely marine, free-swimming animal with a transparent jelly-like walnut-shaped body, which was transported from the Black Sea into Caspian possibly at the end of 1990s. This species is food rival of pelagic fish. It has been reported that the ctenophore caused the dramatic decrease of zooplankton and pelagic fish stock in the Black Sea. In this study, sampling on Mnemiopsis leidyi, zooplankton, phytoplankton was conducted from December 2003 to March 2005, from a total of 11 stations located along four transects (Anzali, Khazarabad, Tourkman and Gorgan Bay) by METU net in the Iranian coasts of the Caspian Sea. Clupeonella catch was done by light fishing with fishing vessel in Anzali region. The results showed that the biomass of M.leidyi had some fluctuation in different seasons and its maximum biomass was recorded in summer with a figure of 524.4±156.2 g.m^2 Tourkman region and the minimum biomass was observed in winter with a figure of 5.15±1.81 g.m^2 in Anzali region. Study of stomach of Mnemiopsis showed, that Acartia (belonged of Copepoda with 66 %), lamlibranchia (13 %) has the highest frequency and the lowest were Balanus nauplii, Rotatoria, Tintinnopsis and Podon polyphemoides. The maximum mean abundance of zooplankton was 29368±24318 n.m3 in winter (Anzali region) and the minimum was recorded 4170±5014 n.m3 in summer (Tourkman region). Copepoda was dominant zooplankton in the Iranian coasts of the Caspian Sea. Chrysophyta with 150000000±440000000 n.m3 and Euglenophyta with 260000±521000 n.m3 had the highest and the lowest frequency respectively in the Caspian Sea. The main foods of Clupeonella were Acartia with 80 %. The survey of stomach of Clupeonella showed that the feeding of these species was not good and the highest fullness index was recorded 220.95±314.67. These results showed, the main food item of Ctenophora and Clupeonella were Copepoda (Acartia). It seems, the impact of Mnemiopsis leidyi feeding has been the important factor in declining zooplankton populations, Clupeonella stocks, and also increasing of phytoplankton abundance.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Gorgan Bay ; Bandar Tourkman ; Khazarabad ; Anzali ; Ctenophora ; Mnemiopsis leidyi ; Diet ; Species ; Phylum ; Pelagic fishes ; Sampling ; Zooplankton ; Phytoplankton ; Acartia ; Ctenophora ; Population ; Abundance
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    Population genetic structure of Neogobius caspius (Eichwald, 1831) in the east and central of the south Caspian Sea using microsatellite markers (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25258 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 07:37:38 | 25258 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Neogobius caspius is a small benthic fish that is native to the Caspian Sea. The importance of this fish is because of it is role as a main food resource of the Sturgeon fish. The genetic diversity of N.caspius populations in the Caspian Sea was studied using microsatellite technique. In the study 95 Samples of Neogobius caspius from two regions (Torkman port and Chalus) in south Caspian Sea were collected. DNA was extracted using 12 pairs of microstellite primers polymerase chain Reaction (PCR) was conducted. DNA Bands were analyzed using uvdoct and GenAlEx software package. Out of 12 microsatellite primers, 11 loci were produced, in which 5 of them were polymorphic, 6 monomorph and one of them showed smear. Average of observed and expected hetrozygosity was 0.798 and 0/843 respectively. Significant genetic differences between 2 regions was observed (P〈0.01). Deviations from hardy- Weinberg equilibrium were in all cases. These results indicate that at least, 2 population of Neogobius caspius exist in the south Caspian Sea.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Torkman port ; Chalus ; Microsatellite ; Genetic ; Population ; Neogobius caspius ; Benthic ; Native ; Sturgeon ; Diversity ; Samples ; PCR
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  • 46
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    Study on inheritance of microsatellite markers in hybrid of chalcaburnus chalcoides and vimba vimba persa in southern part of Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25260 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 07:24:11 | 25260 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In order to study the Inheritance of Microsatellite Markers in the hybrid of Chalcalburnus chalcoides and Vimba vimba persa in the Southern part of the Caspian Sea, hybridization between the species was carried out during spring (2009) in Shahid Ansari reproduction and culture workstation. 30 samples from the produced larva and also small piece of dorsal and pectoral fin of their parents were collected and stored in pure ethanol (96%) and transferred to the biotechnology of the Caspian Ecology Academy. DNA was extracted from fin samples of the parents, whilst the whole F1 progeny was used to isolate the DNA by Phenol-chloroform method. Quantity and quality of extracted DNA was determined using 1% Agarose electrophorus. DNA was used for PCR ampilification of 10 microsatellite loci. The amplifications were run on 6% Polyacrylamid electrophorus. The present study showed that 7 out of 10 markers were polymorphic and variated between the parents. Goodness of fit to the Mendelian inheritance ratio was determined by X2 analysis. 4 primers were segregrated according to Mendelian expectations at a significance level of P 0.05. Based on UPGMA dendrogram (Nei, 1978) two different clusters were obtained in which Chalcalburnus chalcoides and hybrid were in the same cluster but Vimba vimba persa was in the other. It seems that Vimba vimba persa is a joint ancestor for these two. High heterozygosity presence in parents and their F1 shows the high potential of genetic variety in Chalcalburnus chalcoides and Vimba vimba persa which from the aquaculture management and conservation view is important and considering the high genetic variety in their hybrid, the hybrid has the sufficient potential for race improvement.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Chalcalburnus chalcoides ; Vimba vimba persa ; Hybrid ; Microsatellite ; Hybridization ; Culture ; Samples ; Larvae ; DNA ; Inheritance ratio ; Heterozygosity
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    Global population structure of the great sturgeon (Huso huso) in the southern part of the Caspian Sea with emphasis on the Golestan Province (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25261 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 07:21:13 | 25261 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Report of the project entitled "determination of the global population structure of the great sturgeon (Huso huso) with emphasis on the Golestan Province" is in front of your attention. Outcome is the results of study on the samples collected from the total catch in the landing sites namely Bandar-e-Anzali, Babolsar, and Ashooradeh, in the three Northern provinces. 224 specimens were collected according to the sampling manual during the fishing seasons in 2005 and 2006. Three methods were applied in this study to find out the population structure of the great sturgeon in the southern Caspian Sea. These were as follows: Morpho-metric meristic Population dynamics Population genetics (microsatellite loci) Results indicate that the range of different age groups of the great sturgeon in the Golestan Province is larger than the other two provinces. Results show that the older age groups are found in the samples from the Golestan Province rather than the other two provinces. Results demonstrate that the sample size for the two methods (morpho-metric meristic and population dynamics) is not enough. In order to obtain precise results with less uncertainty one needs to collect more specimens. Therefore, according to the few number of the great sturgeon in the total sturgeon landing, it is recommended that researchers apply methods other than the two methods which are mentioned above in order to make sure that the results are most reliable. Population genetics methods including microsatellite loci are among the methods which could produce good results with minimum bias in this regard. Results indicate that there are two distinguishable populations of the great sturgeon (Huso huso) in the southern part of the Caspian Sea off the shores of the three Northern provinces. Results also show that these two populations are scattered in the two east end (Golestan Province) and west end (Guilan Province) of the southern Caspian Sea. The two populations have overlapped each other in the Mazandaran Province.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Golestan Province ; Guilan Province ; Mazandaran Province ; Babolsar ; Bandar-e-Anzali ; Population ; Sturgeon ; Huso huso ; Sampling ; Morpho-metric ; Samples ; Meristic ; Genetic ; Microsatellite ; Specimens
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  • 48
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    Using of benthic indices and GIS maps to determination of biotic health of Khure- Mussa (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25267 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 08:20:55 | 25267 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Without industrial and urban development and their effects on marine ecosystem, due to high biotic potential, Khure-Mussa would be one of the productive coastal areas. Because of sensitivity and vulnerability to environmental changes this area are classified in sensitive ecologic area. This study was conducted to evaluation ecological health status in Khure-Mussa in the Northwest of Persian Gulf by using benthic indices. Twenty creeks in Khure-Mussa area were set up for study and sampling in four seasons from winter 2008 to autumn 2009. Monthly water sampling for physico-chemical parameters was done by bottle sampler and seasonal samples of surface sediment were collected by Peterson grab sampler (0.125m^2) .At each station three samples for macrobenthic study and one sample for grain size analysis and organic matter determination were obtain. Totally, 187589 macrobenthic individual were collected and separated. Among identified groups, Polychaetes with total number108906, Crustacean with total number 46561, Bivalve with total number 14156 and seapen with total number 9841 were the dominant groups and were included 58, 25, 8 and 5 percentage of total number respectively. The highest abundance in the spring and the lowest abundance in the summer were observed. According to mean abundance, Somaily creek and Khure-mussa (3) station showed the highest and the lowest abundance respectively. Seapen is included more than 90 % of total biomass. The range of Shannon diversity index was (1.95-3.58) which the minimum and the maximum values were found in Shipping and Patil station respectively. Significance benthic biological parameters (abundance and richness) in different creeks explained the variation of benthic community structure in studied creeks. In addition, seasonal significant differences were found in these parameters due to seasonal changes in benthic animal s succession. The results of grain size analysis showed that the range of siltclay was (63.6-95.59). According to AMBI index values, all of the studied creeks are classified in slightly pollution level and disturbed condition except for Petrochemical station that placed in moderate pollution level. The BOPA index values in all stations showed more than threshold level (0.19) that means bad and weak ecological condition. The highest and the lowest ITI index values were observed in Oil exporting port station (64.92) and Ghazaleh creek (29.53) respectively. The others were grouped in 30-60 range that means moderate pollution level and disturbed ecological status. The values of ABC (Abundance Biomass Curve) that explained the relation between macrobenthic biomass and abundance, were calculated near zero from 0.1 to -0.1 in all studied creeks that show moderate condition for living animals. In general the studied creeks showed pollution potential and benthic biological parameters indicated downward trend in ecological quality and health status.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Khure-Mussa ; Ecological health ; Benthic animals ; Biotic indices ; GIS ; Marine ; Ecosystem ; Sampling ; Macrobenthic ; AMBI ; BOPA ; Pollution ; Biomass ; Abundance ; Parameters
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  • 49
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    Identification and density determination of juvenile fishes in Khouzestan coastal waters (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25266 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 07:35:16 | 25266 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Aquatic animals possess specific biological characteristics and lifecycle. Without knowing about their biology and complete lifecycle, planning about their conservation cannot be effective. Following the previous studies on fish larvae in Khuzestan coastal waters this study was done to determination catch composition and density of juvenile fishes in Khuzestan coastal waters during 2007 to 2008. Studied area included two main fisheries ground, Lifeh-Busafe in west and Bahrekan in east coasts. Monthly random sampling was carried out by using shrimp trawl net with Akhtar vessel. Juvenile fish's means the fishes that completed their larval cycle and are look like their parents but have not been matured yet. The catch mean, biomass, CPUA and the stock size of different species were estimated by using Swept Area Method. Totally 101485 caught fishes included 38 families and 63 species. The most abundant trawled fishes were Thryssa vitriostris Leiognathus bindus Ilisha melastoma Penahia macrophthalmus and Johnius belangerii .These five species contain about 80 %, the species Arius dussumieri and Cynoglossus arel 4.5% and 3.2 % respectively and the others 12% of total caught fishes. In the east coasts the species L. bindus I. melastoma T. vitriostris P. macrophthalmus and in the west coasts the species P. macrophthalmus T. vitriostris J. belangerii and I.melastoma were the most abundant. Among 63 identified fish species , juvenile fishes of 23 species were observed which contain 26.4 % of total caught fishes .the fishes Arius dussumieri and Acantopagrus latus 100%, Liza subviridis, Leiognathus lineolatus and Triacantuhus biaculeatus more than 80 % and Pomadasys stridens Lagocephalus inermis Saurida tumbil and Thryssa vitrirostris more than 50 % were observed as juvenile stage. The most abundant juvenile fishes were T. vitrirostris L. bindus and Arius dussumieri respectively. The maximum (1852 kg/km^2) and the minimum (165 kg/km^2) values of CPUA were estimated in west coasts in July and December respectively. The maximum (2677 kg/km^2) and the minimum (153 kg/km^2) values of CPUA were estimated in east coasts in June and August respectively. The biomass showed a distinct peak in June and July in east and west coasts respectively. The highest diversity index in east (2/22) and west (2.36) coasts were obtained in July. In present study the number of identified fishes is more than previous studies. Juvenile fishes spend their sensitive period of lifecycle in Khuzestan coastal waters. After growing in late spring, fish larvae enter to the juvenile stage and select this productive area as nursery ground. Increasing of juvenile fishes in July is accordance with their reproduction season in studied area. The east coasts are deeper than the west and there are some differences in hydrological characteristics due to discharging of the rivers Bahmanshir and Arvandrood in west coasts. The peaks of abundance in east and west coasts were observed with a clear time interval. The higher CPUA in east coasts can be caused due to gradual migration of juvenile fishes from west to east during cold season.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Khuzestan coastal waters ; Bahrekan ; Bahmanshir River ; Arvandrood River ; Juvenile fishes ; Bottom trawl ; Catch composition ; Biomass ; Aquatic ; Larvae ; Density ; Sampling ; CPUA ; Species ; L. bindus ; I. melastoma ; T. vitriostris ; P. macrophthalmus ; J. belangerii ; Migration ; Coastal waters ; Identification
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  • 50
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    Reproduction biology of Astacus leptodactylus eichwaldi in the Iranian coastal water of the Caspian Sea (Bandar Anzali) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25270 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 07:54:06 | 25270 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Sampling of Astacus leptodactylusc were conducted in order to determination of biometrical and biological parameters suchas length, weight, sex ratio, fecundity and natural reproduction time. Two transect were selected at 49 34 and 49 36 geographical position on east Caspian Sea near to Anzali city. Metallic folding trap with Silurus glanis as attractive diet were used to catch Astacus leptodactylusc at each line the traps were set on depth of 35, 45, 55 and 65 (5 trap at each depth). Random sampling from each depth on tow lin for one year were conducted and the biometry performed on catched Astacus leptodactylusc where their sext uality and their ration were determined for eacd month , season and whole year. Absolute fecundity determined by cooking Astacus leptodactylusc , taking out the ovary weighing and counting them .Working fecundity assesed by separating eggs from their swiming leges while enomerate all egg . Complete randomized test of ANOVA for analysing the data were employed. The results showed average length and welght were calculated 122/07±1/74mm and 57/96±1/81gr respectively. Average absolute fecundity was 310/22 ±10/72 eggs , average working fecundity was 251/84±8/84 eggs, Average ovary weight was determined 4.31±0.619 gr and average number of eggs in one gr was 74/52±1/53 eggs. The sextual ratio in all year long was 1:1.32. The reproduction season is about seven month from Feburary to July and the moulting of males occurs two times each year. One of time is at May and the other is in September. The female molt thtina as the male start for second time.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Bandar Anzali ; Biology ; Astacus leptodactylus eichwaldi ; Sex ratio ; Fecundity ; Silurus glanis ; ANOVA ; Female ; Male ; Coastal water
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    Estimation of MSY on six species of commercially important demersal fishes in the Persian Gulf & Oman Sea (Hormuzgan province) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25274 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 07:40:17 | 25274 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Today, calculation of MSY is one of the necessary fisheries management in control and prevention of the fish population reduction and is obtained with different methods. This study has focused on six species of commercial fish, including Tiger-toothed croaker, Javelin grunter, John`s snapper, Indian spiny turbot, Yellowfin seabream and Silver pomfret. The study was done monthly, from January 2007 to March 2008, in three fish landing regions including: Bandar Lengeh, Bandar Abbas and Qeshm Island (Slakh, Basydu and Chahoshrqy). Total 5163 Silver pomfret (Pompus argenteus), 1766 Javelin grunter (Pomadasys kaakan), 2151 John`s snapper (Lutjanus johnii), 3280 Tiger-toothed croaker (Otolithes ruber), 1628 Indian spiny turbot (Psettodes erumei) and the number of 759 Yellowfin seabream (Acnthopagrus latus) were assessed and length biometry has been done, monthly. In this study, two methods were used to determine the maximum sustainable yield (MSY): 1- virtual population analysis (Cohort analysis) 2- use of statistics and information that was estimated with two method, catch prediction and biomass (Standing stock). The results showed that in 2007, MSY value was estimated through catch prediction for Silver pomfret, Tigertoothed croaker, Javelin grunter, John`s snapper, Indian spiny turbot and Yellowfin seabream 1354, 1116, 1099.6, 1045.5, 914.5 and 529.5 tons, respectively. Moreover, this estimation have been done through standing stock for Silver pomfret, Tiger-toothed croaker, Javelin grunter, John`s snapper, Indian spiny turbot and Yellowfin seabream 1215, 633, 1304, 878, 1095 and 441 tons, respectively; and through VPA for Silver pomfret, Tiger-toothed croaker, Javelin grunter, John`s snapper, Indian spiny turbot and Yellowfin seabream 1100, 850, 920, 732.5, 1002.3 and 403 tons, respectively. Amount of biomass (Standing Stock) was estimated for Silver pomfret, Tiger-toothed croaker, Javelin grunter, John`s snapper, Indian spiny turbot and Yellowfin seabream 2530, 1172, 1738, 1689, 1470 and 1110 tons, respectively. In general, by assessing the obtained results for the studied species, except the fishing prediction results of the Javelin grunter and Tiger-toothed croaker species, which is less valuable due to the low correlation coefficient, it can be stated that except fishing pressure on John`s snapper and Tiger-toothed croaker, in other species studied, fishing conditions are in optimal situation.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Oman Sea ; Hormuzgan Province ; Bandar Lengeh ; Bandar Abbas ; Qeshm Island ; Silver pomfret ; Tiger-toothed croaker ; Javelin grunter ; John `s snapper ; Indian spiny turbot ; Yellowfin seabream ; Biomass ; MSY ; Species ; Demersal fishes
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  • 52
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    Study on biological factors for artificial reefs in Hormozgan Province (Bandar Lengeh area) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25290 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 07:55:23 | 25290 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was carried out for growth of organism’s survey on artificial reef from 2004-2006 after establishment in Hormozgan offshore waters (Bandar Lengeh area). Also during this study we were examined some biological factors including: phytoplankton, zooplankton, ichthyoplankton and benthos from spring 2006 to winter 2006. In this study 43 phytoplankton genus were identified, 28 Bacillariophyceae (Diatom), 11 Dinophycea, 3 Cyanophycea and 1 Euglenaphycea. Bacillariophycea were dominant, Cyanophycea were high density observed in summer and Euglenaphycea was only observed in winter. The most abundant genus of diatoms were: Rhizosolenia, Navicula, Nitzschia, Coscinodiscus. Ceratium, Prorocentrum and Protoperidinium belong to Dinophycea, Oscillatoria belong to Cyanophycea were more than other genus. Copepoda and Nauplius were the most zooplankton and other group were respectively: Oikopleura, Polychaeta and Chaetognatha. The highest density of zooplankton was seen in winter. The statical study between different stations didn't show any significant (p〉0.05). 6 ichthyoplankton families were seen and identified. These families were Clupeidae, Gobbidae, Callionymidae, Sparidae, Engraulidae and Scianidae. The high density were respectively in summer and spring. The highest annual mean belong to Gobbidae family. Benthos groups were including: Crustacea, Mollusca, Polychaete, Nematoda, Nemertin, Foraminifera, Opiouridae and Echiura. Annual high density of Crustacea were observed in spring season, Polychaete and Mollusca were observed respectively in summer and winter. Organisms which growth on the artifical reef were consist of 12 group. These Organism were Barnacle belong to Crustacea with one genus (Megabalanus tintinnabulum), Sponga with 5 families and Tunicate. The highest density was in 2005. We were seen increasing in size in some organisms such as Crab, Polychaetes, Bivalvia and Fish Larvae. Statical study didn't show any significant between organisms in different parts of artificial reef (top, mid, bottom) and kind of artificial reef had no effect on growth of organisms but Barnacles had high density on mixed artificial reef.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Hormozgan Province ; Bandar Lengeh ; Artificial reef ; Plankton ; Benthos ; Growth ; Organisms ; Phytoplankton ; Zooplankton ; Ichthyoplankton ; Bacillariophyceae ; Diatom ; Dinophycea ; Cyanophycea ; Euglenaphycea ; Rhizosolenia ; Navicula ; Nitzschia ; Coscinodiscus
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  • 53
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    Identification of Kerman Fishes (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25301 | 18721 | 2018-09-08 16:29:41 | 25301 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was performed as a research program in Agricultural Research center of Kerman since 2000. During one year identification of fish in qanat basins of Markazi desert and Sirjan desert was carried out. In this study Electroshoker and salik net with o.5 and 1 cm network and padel net with 1cm were used to catch the fishes from 73 series of qanat. Parameters estimated in qanats (pH, Weather Temperature, Oxygen , Ec,...) Specified in sum 767 from fishes which were in 2 order 3 family and 3 species as: 1-Order: Cypriniformes. Family: Cyprinidaea Species: Capoeta damascina (Valenciennes, 1849) family: Balitoridaeb species: Schistura sargadensis (Nikolskii, 1900) 2-Order: Cyprinodontiforms Family: Poecilidaea Species: Gambusia affinis (Baird and Girard, 1853)
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Kerman ; Sirjan ; Qanats ; Fish ; Capoeta damascina ; Gambusia affinis ; Schistura sargadensis ; pH ; Weather Temperature ; Oxygen ; Species ; Cypriniformes ; Cyprinidaea ; Balitoridaeb ; Cyprinodontiforms ; Poecilidaea ; Identification
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  • 54
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    Identification of distribution of Macrobrachium nipponense in freshwater ecosystems and coastal waters of Golestan Province, Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25334 | 18721 | 2018-09-12 09:56:40 | 25334 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Distribution of freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium nipponense) in the freshwater ecosystems such as Alagol, Almagol, Ajigol lagoons, Gomishan lagoon and Gorganrud River. Sampling were done from may 2009 to my 2010 parameters such as, length frequency, growth rate, sampling, feeding, environmental factors and sedimentation were investigated. 3689 females and 8551 males were collected and biometrical parameters were recorded. Total length ranged between 3.2 to 98.7 mm. The parameters b of length-weight relationship in Alagol, Almagol, Ajigol were 3.49, 3.15, 3.45, 3.22 and 3.22, 3.28 for male and female, respectively. It shows in all lagoons for male and female growth is positive Allometric. Spawning period was from May to June. The length first at maturity (total and/or carapace) for three lagoons was 50.5 mm and 133 mm, respectively. The minimum and maximum of egg volume were 0.12 mm3 in Ajigol and 0.07 mm3 Alagol, respectively. The relationship between fecundity and length was found to be linear regression models for Alagol, Ajigol and nonlinear regression models for Almagol lagoon. Result showed that this species is omnivorous. The minimum and maximum temperature was 6.5ْ C in fall and 33ْ C in summer. The lowest and highest fluctuations of pH level in Ajigol and alagol lagoons were 8.2-9.2 and 7.2-9.8. Among three lagoons, the most EC was 5.9 Ms/c in Alagol lagoon. The Gorganrud River shows the maximum EC, 16.7 Ms/c.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Golestan province ; Alagol lagoon ; Almagol lagoon ; Ajigol lagoon ; Freshwater shrimp ; Macrobrachium nipponense ; Wetland ; Biology ; Ecosystems ; Sampling ; Growth ; Eggs ; Identification ; Distribution
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    Determing some important extracted materials, such as: Alginates of sodium & calcium and alginic acid in three species of brown seaweeds (Sargassum illicifolium, Cystoseira indica and Nizimuddinia zanardinii) in coastal area of Sistan and Baluochestan Province (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25376 | 18721 | 2018-09-14 07:34:10 | 25376 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was determined some important extracted materials, Such as : Alginates of sodium & calcium and alginic acid in three species of brown seaweeds (Sargassum illicifolium , Cystoseira indica and Nizimuddinia zanardinii) during in different season in 1387 in coastal erea of Sistan and Baluochestan Provience. At First seaweeds sample were colected from sea beach and transferd to lab, so washed in fresh water and dried in the sun. So were under Alkaloid extraction with sodium carbonate (5 Persent), that were obtined fluid after filteration. The sodium alginate fibers extracted from fluid were combined by Alcohol. The calacium alginate fibers were deposited by calacium chlorids (5%) and Alginic acid resulted with chloridric acid (1N). The extraction yield of sodium alginate, calacium alginate and alginic acid in different samples of seaweeds with following Explaination: The presentage we have got, can be said , the present average of sodium alginate at Sargassum in Spring season in three areas (Chabahar, Tang and Pasabandar ) Respectively: 28.4±2 , 28.9±2 , 27.2±1.9 present, the present average of sodium alginate at Cystoseira in Spring in three areas at above mentioned goes in this way: 19.7±1.4, 18.6±1.4, 19.2±1.3 present and the present average of sodium alginate at Nizimuddinia in Spring were 23.4±1.5, 23.8±1.5 , 20.6±1.5 in these three areas. The present average of calacium alginate at Sargassum in Spring season in three areas (Chabahar, Tang and Pasabandar ): 33.7±0.5, 33.7±0.8, 33.1±1 present, the present average of calacium alginate at Cystoseira in Spring in three areas at above mentioned goes in this way: 28.8±1.5, 27.4±1, 27.4±1.5 present and the present average of calacium alginate at Nizimuddinia in Spring were 35.9±2.8, 23.9±1.5 , 35.9±2.8 in these three areas. The present average of Alginic acid at Sargassum in Spring season in three areas (Chabahar, Tang and Pasabandar ): 19.2±1.6 , 25.6±1.7 , 18.4±1.1 present, the present average of Alginic acid at Cystoseira in Spring in three areas at above mentioned goes in this way: 16.8±1.2, 15.8±1.1, 16.4±1 present and the present average of Alginic acid at Nizimuddinia in Spring were 19.2±1.6, 19.6±1.7 , 18.4±1.5 in these three areas. The present average of sodium alginate at Sargassum in Summer season in three areas (Chabahar, Tang and Pasabandar ) Respectively: 20.8±1, 21±1, 27.8±1.9 present, the present average of sodium alginate at Cystoseira in Summer in three areas at above mentioned goes in this way: 21±1.1, 13.2±1, 14.1±0.7 present and the present average of sodium alginate at Nizimuddinia in Summer were 25.3±2.3, 16.7±2.1, 15.3±1.3 in these three areas. The present average of calacium alginate at Sargassum in Summer season in three areas (Chabahar, Tang and Pasabandar): 29.5±2.1 , 29.7±2 , 28.3±2.2 present, the present average of calacium alginate at Cystoseira in Summer in three areas at above mentioned goes in this way: 21±1.1, 20.2±0.9, 20±0.7 present and the present average of calacium alginate at Nizimuddinia in Summer were 25.3±2.3, 29.7±2 , 23.1±1.5 in these three areas. The present average of Alginic acid at Sargassum in Summer season in three areas (Chabahar, Tang and Pasabandar): 19.5±0.7 , 19.7±0.6 , 18.7±0.7 present, the present average of Alginic acid at Cystoseira in Summer in three areas at above mentioned goes in this way: 21±1.1, 11.5±1.4, 11.1±1.5 present and the present average of Alginic acid at Nizimuddinia in Summer were 14.8±1.3, 15.3±1.3 , 14.6±1 in these three areas. The present average of sodium alginate at Sargassum in Autumn season in three areas (Chabahar, Tang and Pasabandar) Respectively: 31.5±4.3, 31.6±4.8, 29.4±4.8 present, the present average of sodium alginate at Cystoseira in Autumn in three areas at above mentioned goes in this way: 23±2.7, 21.4±2.8, 21.4±2.7 present and the present average of sodium alginate at Nizimuddinia in Autumn were 25.8±2.2, 26.4±2.1 , 23.4±1.9 in these three areas. The present average of calacium alginate at Sargassum in Autumn season in three areas (Chabahar, Tang and Pasabandar): 43.3±1.6, 42.8±2.7, 41.7±2.9 present, the present average of calacium alginate at Cystoseira in Autumn in three areas at above mentioned goes in this way: 34.3±5.9, 32.4±5.5, 30.9±5.2 present and the present average of calacium alginate at Nizimuddinia in Autumn were 50±7.1, 50.2±7.5, 45.6±5.2 in these three areas. The present average of Alginic acid at Sargassum in Autumn season in three areas (Chabahar, Tang and Pasabandar): 28±3.8, 28±3.5, 26±3.9 present, the present average of Alginic acid at Cystoseira in Autumn in three areas at above mentioned goes in this way: 20.2±1.8, 19.2±2.1, 18.7±1.6 present and the present average of Alginic acid at Nizimuddinia in Autumn were 25.9±3, 26.1±2.9, 24.6±3.6 in these three areas. The present average of sodium alginate at Sargassum in Winter season in three areas (Chabahar, Tang and Pasabandar) Respectively: 35±1.6, 35.2±1.8 , 33.8±1.9 present, the present average of sodium alginate at Cystoseira in Winter in three areas at above mentioned goes in this way: 24.1±2, 22.9±1.2, 23.3±0.7 present and the present average of sodium alginate at Nizimuddinia in Winter were 28.2±1.3, 29.2±1.7, 26.2±1.8 in these three areas. The present average of calacium alginate at Sargassum in Winter season in three areas (Chabahar, Tang and Pasabandar): 45.6±1.9, 45±2, 44.6±2.5 present, the present average of calacium alginate at Cystoseira in Winter in three areas at above mentioned goes in this way: 38.2±2.8, 35.9±3.4, 35.6±3.5 present and the present average of calacium alginate at Nizimuddinia in Winter were 56.4±3.5, 56±3.5, 51.8±2.5 in these three areas. The present average of Alginic acid at Sargassum in winter season in three areas (Chabahar, Tang and Pasabandar): 31.8±1.2, 32.1±0.9, 30.9±1.2 present, the present average of Alginic acid at Cystoseira in Winter in three areas at above mentioned goes in this way: 21.1±1.2, 20.4±1.4, 19.3±1.4 present and the present average of Alginic acid at Nizimuddinia in Winter were 26.4±2.1, 27±2.2, 24.6±2.2 in these three areas. The more amount of calacium alginate in Autumn can be found at Nizimuddinia in Tang area , wite amount of 50.2 present and the lates amount of Alginic acid at Cystoseira can be found in Summer with 11.1 present. If the Alginic acid become more than 20 present, it can be economical, that it can be showed more than 20 present in Autumn and Winter. According to this results, One way ANOVA showed that average of Alginates were not similar and significant differences ( P〈0.05 ) between species.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Sistan and Baluochestan Provience ; Chabahar ; Tang ; Alginic acid ; Species ; Brown seaweeds ; Sargassum illicifolium ; Cystoseira indica ; Nizimuddinia zanardinii ; Chloridric acid ; ANOVA ; Sodium ; Calcium ; Seaweeds
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    A search for cellular and molecular cytotoxic mechanisms of Cochlodinium polykricoides in isolated rat and fish hepatocytes (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25401 | 18721 | 2018-09-18 06:00:27 | 25401 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In this research, we investigated and compared the cytotoxic mechanisms of aqueous extract of C.polykricoides responsible for a severe and widespread HAB in the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman (2008-2009) in both isolated rat and trout liver hepatocytes. In addition, the role of oxidative stress and mitochondria in the induction of apoptosis were also investigated. Isolated hepatocytes were obtained by collagenase perfusion of the rat liver. To determine the hepatocyte “ROS” generation, dichlorofluorescin diacetate was used as the reagent. The uptake of the cationic fluorescent dye, rhodamine 123, has been used for the determination of hepatocytes mitochondrial membrane potential. Redistribution of lysosomotropic probe, acridine orange from lysosomes into cytosol was used for determination of lysosomal membrane damage. GSH and GSSG were determined using spectrofluorometric method. Caspase-3 activity and apoptosis phenotype were also determined using ‘‘Sigma’s caspase-3 assay kit and Sigma–Aldrich apoptosis detection kit, respectively. Incubation of algal extract with isolated rat hepatocytes caused hepatocyte membrane lysis, reactive oxygen species formation (ROS), glutathione depletion, collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP depletion and increase in ADP/ATP ratio, cytochrome c release in to the hepatocyte cytosol, activation of caspases cascade and appearance of apoptosis phenotype. antioxidants (α-tocopherol succinate and BHT), hydroxyl radical scavenger (mannitol and DMSO), Mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pore sealing agents (cyclosporine A, carnitine and trifluoperazine), NADPH P450 reductase inhibitor (Diphenyliodonium chloride), CYP2E1 inhibitors (Phenylimidazole and 4-Methylpyrazole) and ATP generators (L-glutamine, Fructose and Xylitol) inhibited the activation of caspase-3 and cell death. Our data showed, that algal extract activate apoptosis signaling via oxidative stress and mitochondrial pathway. ROS formation could directly be involved in mitochondrial MPT pore opening and activation of caspases cascade leading to toxic effect of C.polykricoides extract on both rat and trout hepatocytes. These findings contribute to a better understanding of C.polykricoides-toxic effects on mammalian and aquatic liver cells. Our findings revealed that trout hepatocytes are much more sensitive ( more than two hundred folds) to toxic effects of C.polykricoides extract than rat hepatocytes. On the other hand the algal extract induced lysosomal membrane damage only in trout but not rat hepatocytes.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Oman Sea ; C.polykricoides ; Cytotoxic ; Rat and trout ; Cellular ; Molecular ; Cochlodinium Polykricoides ; Generation ; GSH ; Apoptosis phenotype ; L-glutamine
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    The study on fishing and resource management of kilka fisheries within southern Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25405 | 18721 | 2018-09-20 12:38:52 | 25405 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The project of the Study on fishing and resource management of fisheries within Southern Caspian Sea was conducted on the base of an agreement made between fisheries organization (Shilat) and the Iranian fishery research organization (IFRO) signed in 2010. The study has several phases. The final report of the fishery on fishing and resource management of fisheries within Southern Caspian Sea (Gilan, Mazandaran & Golestan provinces) is consisted of several sections such as: 1- The Survey status of biology and catch of Kilka fishes , Bony fishes and Estrogen fishes and also the status of aquatic resource conservation in the Southern part of Caspian Sea 2- Fishing analysis in the Southern part of Caspian Sea 3- Fisheries development Strategies, policies and plans in the Southern part of Caspian Sea In this survey and library-based study, internal and external environmental factors of shilat activities are considered. Using SWOT analysis method, current situation of fisheries is investigated. In this regard, all fisheries activities were divided into four groups, then, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and treats of internal and external environment will be analyzed. A considerable number of tables and matrixes were prepared and policies and strategies as seen of final report were carried out.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Gilan province ; Mazandaran Province ; Golestan Province ; Resource management ; IFRO ; Shilat ; Fishing ; Kilka ; Fisheries ; Survey ; Biology ; Bony fishes ; Estrogen ; Environmental factors
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    Effect of different heating treatments and kind of filling media on the amounts of some mineral elements (iron, zinc, copper, calcium and sodium) of silver carp (Hypopthalmichthys molitrix) during canning (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25429 | 18721 | 2018-09-23 16:29:13 | 25429 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In this study, first, the influence of three precooking methods (steaming, oven-baking and microwave-cooking) on the contents of mineral elements-copper, zinc, iron, calcium and sodium-of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) was evaluated. Determination results of evaluated elements in raw fish and cooked samples were in range 3.05 to 4.19 for copper, 71.45 to 82.85 for zinc, 32.18 to 40.70 for iron, 425.6 to 529.46 and 315.5 to 534.76 for calcium. Results showed different precooking treatments had no significant effects on the amounts of mineral elements such as copper, zinc, calcium and sodium. The Iron content in the samples subjected to microwave cooking increased. With doing multivariate analysis, on comparing the raw and precooked fillets, steam cooking found to be the best precooking method on retain mineral elements. After choosing the best precooking method, for evaluating the influence of different filling media including sunflower oil, soybean oil, olive oil and brine, on the quality of canned silver carp, amounts of mineral elements(copper, zinc, iron, calcium and sodium) and microbial indices(total counts, thermopile count and clostridium) and sensory indices (color, smell, taste and texture) was surveyed. Assessments of microbial indices showed no microbial activity in canned products. After canning amounts of sodium increased in all the treatments. Except for iron, using soybean oil had no significant effect on the contents of other elements. The highest levels of iron and copper were observed in olive oil canned samples sterilized at 130°C. Sensory evaluating showed, kind of filling media had no significant effects on sensory indices such as taste, smell and color of canned samples. The texture of soybean oil canned samples and the quality defects of olive oil and brine canned samples had better condition than other treatments. In the last step, canned silver carp were proceed under three different temperatures (115°C, 120°C and 130°C) with equal lethality value (Fo=7min), then sensory indices and amount of mineral elements were compared. Results showed, the contents of iron, copper, sodium and calcium were changed in soybean oil canned sample. The amounts of copper and sodium in sunflower oil canned sample subjected to different heating regimes showed significant variation. The highest amount of copper was observed in the canned samples subjected to 130°C heating regime. Results showed contents of iron and copper of olive oil canned sample subjected to 120°C and 130°C heating regimes were higher than sample subjected to 115°C heating regime, while the zinc and calcium contents had no variation. In brine canned samples the highest amounts of copper and iron was obtained after sterilization in 120°C. Results of sensory evaluation showed different heating regimes had no significant effects on the indices of taste, smell, and color of products. Doing 130°C heating regime in brine canned samples led to obtain the better tenacity of texture. While this heating regime caused to increase the quality defects of soybean oil canned samples as a result of existence of hard parts of bone.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Iran ; Precooking ; Filling media ; Heating regime ; Sterilization ; Silver carp ; Mineral elements ; Hypopthalmichthys molitrix ; Samples ; Sunflower oil ; Soybean oil ; Silver Carp
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    The creation of genetic basic population of rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) based on study of genetic variation in brood stocks using microsatellite (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25509 | 18721 | 2018-10-05 08:39:09 | 25509 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In order to perform the project, 446 samples of rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) from 24 different regions in Iran were collected. About 2-3 g of caudal fin samples was collected from each specimen and preserved in absolute ethyl alcohol and then transferred to the genetic laboratory. Genomic DNA was extracted using the phenol-chloroform method and then DNA content and quality was determined using spectrophotometry and agarose gel electrophoresis, respectively. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) of genomic DNA fin samples was carried out using 10 pairs of microsatellite primers. All PCR products were electrophoresed on 6% polyacrylamide gel and stained with silver nitrate. Following the scoring of alleles, all parameters including allelic frequency, effective number of allele, observed and expected heterozygosity, shanon index, measurement of similarity and genetic distance and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, Fst , Rst and gene flow were calculated using AMOVA analysis in the GenAlex and Popgene programs. The results showed that 8 pairs of microsatellite primers were polymorphic. In total, 50 alleles were determined with the range size of 64-280 bp. The locus omyf had maximum number of allele (26) and loci OTSG 474 and Strurruta58 had minimum number of allele (5). The observed heterozygosity was between 0.86 and 0.964. Hardy-Weinberg departure was observed for all loci from farms 18, 15, 4, E20 and 21 and were disequilibrium (P〈0.05). The farms 14, 8, 7 and 6 were equilibrium at 3 loci, but showed disequilibrium in other loci. The other farms were equilibrium at 1 or 2 loci and disequilibrium at 8 or 9 loci. The FST results showed that maximum FST (0.24) were between farms 1 and 11in which had minimum of gene flow (3.7). Minimum FST (0.04) were between farms 8 and 9 in which had maximum of gene flow (346). Based on the results of AMOVA analysis, significant differences were detected between all farms (P〈0.01). Furthermore, based on Nei 's standard (1972) maximum genetic distance (0.89) were observed between farms 2 and 11 and maximum genetic similarity (0.15) were detected between farms 3 and 4. This result suggests that the unique genetic variation of rainbow trout in hatchery farms of Iran represents a highly valuable genetic resource and provide useful information for creating a based population in the future breeding programs.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Genetic ; Population ; Rainbow trout ; Onchorhynchus mykiss ; Brood stocks ; Microsatellite ; Samples ; Specimens ; DNA ; PCR ; ANOVA
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    Biological aspects of Sepia pharaonis in the Bahrekan waters (NW Persian Gulf) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25182 | 18721 | 2018-09-03 17:06:03 | 25182 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The biological aspects of Sepia pharaonis was studied during years 2006-07. The studied area restricted to the Bahrekan in Khouzestan province covering the depths of 2 up to 25m. The sampling methods were gillnet and bottom trawl. A total of 310 specimens collected, of which there wasn’t found any cuttlefish in the study area from July to October (5 months). The collected samples were transferred to the laboratory ashore for further biological measurements consist of: Mantle length, Body weight, sex determination. Gonado-Somatic Index, and determination of Spermatophoric Index, Spawning season, Food preference, Maturity stages and chemical analysis for food value determination. The results showed that the overall sex ratio is about M:F= 2:1 with percentage of 67.41% for males and 32.50% for females. Males are significantly bigger than females with average mantle length (ML) of 233.3 and 269.3 mm for female and male, respectively; with body weight of 1102.3 and 1450.6 g. The mantle length body weight relationship was found W=0.001 ML 2.540 (R2= 0.92) Female as: W= 0.0015 ML 4797 (R2= 0.93) male From point of feeding, the food preferences results indicated that fish is considered as main food, crabs as minor food and other marine organisms such as bivalvia and gastropods as random food. The highest vacuity Index (CV) and empty stomachs was determined for March-April and the lowest value was is December. Also, the maximum GSI was estimated for March-April months in which showing coherrances with the lowest food preference. The maximum spermatophoricfilaments were 856 and 45 for male pharaoh cuttlefish with mantle length of 300 and 185 mm, and on the other hand this values for fecundity were estimated 1589 and 53 for female specimens with 254 and 198 mm mantle length. The spawning season occurs in April- March in which accompany with migration of pharaoh cuttlefish towards shallow waters. The fishing season would be in this period in w.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Khouzestan province ; Bahrekan ; Sepia pharaonis ; Gillnet ; Sampling ; Specimens ; Weight ; Sex ; Gonado-somatic index ; Spawning ; Maturity ; Female ; Male ; Bivalvia ; Gastropods
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    Spatiotemporal and estimation of washed out seaweeds biomass in Sistan and Baluchistan coasts (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25525 | 18721 | 2018-10-05 08:33:22 | 25525 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In order to studing and determination of Seaweed biomass in the Oman Sea coast (Sistan & Baluchestan Province), according to obtained reasults and experiments and observations on seaweed studies in 15 years ego, Beris, Chabahar, Pozm and Tang were high density zones and Jood and Lipar were low density zones in west and east of chabahar respectively that were selected for study stations. Total length of sistan and balochistan coasts from Gwatr area with geografical position 25˚ 10′ N & 61˚ 30′ E to Mydani with geografical position 25˚ 24′ N & 59˚ 5′ E were 354.3 Km. Among this length, 54.6 Km were rocky coast and 299.7 Km were sandy coast. Among this, 18.2 Km were high density zone and 281.5 Km were low density zone. Washout Seaweeds area in intertidial zones determind by measuring and recording of geographic positions by meter and GPS, then were obtained 2 transects determind with equal distance in high density area and 1 transects in low density for monthly sampling. The length of these transects were 100 meter and cross of Each transects were seaweed washed out average. The transects divided to 10 bluck and sampling were done randomly monthly from 5 bluck or 50 persent. The samples were transfered to the lab and the weight of each species was obtained after being cleaned, and separating. The biomass of each species per area unit and in the total area was obtained after determing the average weight of species and also determind geografical position by GPS. In relation to this project were done water sampling for recording of fisical chemistry factors. Total data for analysis recorded in this computer. During this research 9 species were collected. Among these seaweeds, 2 species green algea (composed of 2 families and 2 orders), 6 species brown algae (composed of 3 families and 3 orders) and 1 species red algae were identified. Wet biomass of Sargassum in the total area of Sistan & Baluchestan coasts were 445.9 ton in 2012. Among this biomas, 269.1 ton (%60.35) high density area (Beris 112 ton or %25.11, Pozm 83.7 ton or %18.76, Chabahar 59 ton or %13.22 and Tang 14.5 ton or %3.26) and low density zone 176.8 ton (%39.65). Monthly average were estimated about 74.3 ton (high density zone 44.9 and low density zone 29.5 ton). The maximum biomass was obtained 270.4 ton (high density zone 155.5 and low density zone 114.9 ton) in Azar and minimum biomass was obtained 3.5 ton in Esfand. At last, were suggested, This project were done in persian gulf coasts nessesery.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Iran ; Oman Sea ; Sistan and Baluchistan province ; Beris ; Chabahar ; Gwatr ; Seaweed ; Washout ; Biomass ; Density ; Sampling ; Algae ; Green algae ; Brown Algae ; Red algae
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    Investigation of stock condition of Lengeh pearl oyster Pinctada radiata in western Hormozgan province habitats with emphasis on ecological agents (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25535 | 18721 | 2018-10-05 16:03:27 | 25535 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Pearling in Northern Persian Gulf has barred since 2006. Population dynamic and investigation of stock condition of pearl oysters has not done in thease area in thease years heretofore. For identification of habitats of Pinctada radiata, mohar oyster, primary sea tours in coastal waters of 11 regions in Lavan Island, 11 regions in hendorabi Island and 6 regions in Nakhiloo and Michaeil Ports, for early survey were done. 2 habitats in Lavan waters and 2 habitats in Hendorabi waters were identified and for investigation of stock condition, were sampled from autumn 2011 to summer 2012, seasonality. Belt transects andrandom quadrates method was used in this sampling. Physicochemical parameters in depth range of thease habitats was evaluated by CTD in first sea tour of stock sampling. Lavan 1 habitat, had maximum area, maximum total stock, maximum CPUA, maximum CPUE and maximum biomass, among other habitats, equal to 60ha, 357000N, 0.6N/m^2, 119N/hr and 4620kg respectively. Biometric data in Hendorabi2 habitat was rather than other habitats, significantly (P〈0.01). Infinity length, L_∞, was calculated in Lavan1, Lavan2, Hendorabi1 and Hendorabi2 habitats, equal to 89.16, 87.68, 86.11 and 86.42 mm respectively. Growth constant, K, was estimated in Lavan1, Lavan2, Hendorabi1 and Hendorabi2 habitats, equal to 0.43, 0.44, 0.47 and 0.56 year^-1, respectively. Natural mortality constant, M, was calculated in Lavan1, Lavan2, Hendorabi1 and Hendorabi2 habitats, equal to 0.73, 0.75, 0.78 and 0.88 year^-1, respectively. Results of this project showed, area of investigated habitats, oysters stock of them and CPUA, have diminished in thease years, and interdict of pearl oysters catch was not able to revival of stocks. Majority of physicochemical parameters in depth ranges in surveyed habitas, had significant difference (P〈0.01). Water turbidity in Hendorabi2 habitat was rather than other habitat, significantly (P〈0.01), as subsidiary of high sedimentation in this habitat and main reason of high natural mortality constant, M, low settlement rate and absence of lower scale of oysters length in Hendorabi2 habitat.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Lavan Island ; Hendorabi ; Mohar pearl oyster ; Pinctada radiata ; Stock assessment ; Lavan Island Hendorabi Island ; Sampling ; CPUA ; Mortality ; Sedimentation
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    Identification of native fishes of west Azarbaijan province phase 2 (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25539 | 18721 | 2018-10-05 16:22:36 | 25539 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The aim of this research was to identify the species of freshwater fishes in the water rssoureces located at Urmieh Lake and Zagros catchment area of West Azarbaiigan Province. Sampling was done seasonally with the determination and selection of sampling station on main and secondary branches of different rivers including; Zarineh rud, Simineh rud, Mahabad chay, Shahr chay, Nazlu chay, Baranduz chay, Godar and Zab river. Fish samples catched with different tools include Electroshoker, Cast net and buy from local fisherman, fixed in 10 % formalin and transferred to the laboratory for biological and identify hnvestigation. 42 fish species belonging to 7 family comprising of Syprinidae, Balitoridae, Cobitidae, Siluridae, Poeciliidae, Salmonidae and Mastacembelidae have been identified. Among them Syprinidae family with 32 species had a highest diversity.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Iran ; West Azarbaiigan Province ; Identification ; Fish ; Native fishes ; Freshwater ; Syprinidae ; Balitoridae ; Cobitidae ; Siluridae ; Poeciliidae ; Salmonidae ; Mastacembelidae ; Species
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    Biological activity (antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and cytotoxic) of extract from Dysidea spp. (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25555 | 18721 | 2018-10-05 16:22:32 | 25555 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Sponges are the most primitive of the multicellular, These organisms don’t have any mechanical defense system, so their early appearance in evolution has given them alot of time for the development of advanced secondary metabolites as chemical defense system. Sponges have the potential to provide drugs from chemical components against diseases. In this investigation the sponge samples, which it is Dysidea spp. , were collected at depth of 15- 20 meter, from locations on the coastline of Island Hengam in Persian Gulf of Iran. For identifying natural components, methanolic and diethyletter were used as extraction solvents, after removal of the solvents, the GC/MS spectra of the fraction were obtained. Then in vitro cytotoxic, antimicrobial, antifungal and antiviral activities were identified. In vitro cytotoxity screening, by XTT assay, against KB/ C152 and HUT-78/ C185 cell line, was conducted in this study in 1 - 500 µg/ml . IC50 for diethyletter and methanolic extract was 200 µg/ml in HUT-78 , IC50 for diethyletter extract was 325µg/ml and methanolic extract 325µg/ml in KB. In vitro antimicrobial activity by Broth Dilution Methods against clinical gram-positives and gram negatives (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus و subtilis Bacillus). The results conducted that the MIC values of methanol and diethyletter extract for Escherichia coli 20mg/ml, Bacillus subtilis 10mg/ml and 2mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus. The MBC values of the diethyletter extracts for Bacillus subtilis 30 mg/ml) and S. aureus aureus 10mg/ml. In vitro antifungal activity by Broth Dilution Methods against clinical pathogens; Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus. The results conducted that the aqueous extracts didn’t have any antifungal activities on pathogens, minimum inhibitor concentrations (MIC) of the diethyletter extract on C. albicans 0/75mg/ml, MFC 5 mg/ml and methanolic extract 0.5mg/ml and MFC 5 mg/ml on A. fumigatus In vitro antiviral activities by XTT assay against MT-2 cell line. The results conducted that IC50 for diethyletter extract 500µg/ml and methanolic extract 475 µg/ml.
    Keywords: Biology ; Health ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Hengam Island ; Sponge ; Cytotoxic ; Antimicrobial ; Antifungal ; Antiviral ; Methanolic extract ; Diethyletter extract ; Samples ; Escherichia coli ; Bacillus
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    The survey statistical and biological of sturgeon in the southern Caspian Sea (Mazandaran waters) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25582 | 18721 | 2018-10-07 10:46:51 | 25582 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study have been conducted entitle biological and statistical sturgeon in the southern Caspian Sea (Mazandaran waters)” from 2009 to 2013. Sampling was manthly. Overal, 1859 specimens of different species of sturgeon was caught including Acipenserpersicus (69%), A. stellatus (19%), Husohuso (6%), A. nudiventris (4%) and A. guldenstaedtii (2%). Totally, the meat and caviar of five species were found 53263.6 kg and 5633 kg respectively and caviar to meat ratio was 10.6%. The results show that ration of meat and caviar whole species reduced from 2009 to 2012 in which the meat and caviar of A. persicus was declined from 12146 to 4465 kg in meat and caviar from 1358 to 487 kg were extremely reduced respectively. The CPUE (catch per unit effort) of sturgeon has fluctuated from 2009 to 2012. Totally, the CPUE of A. persicus was decreased from 0.150 (2009) to 0.130 (2012) kg boat per day, A. stellatue from 0.009 (2009) to 0.021 (2012) kg boat/day, A. guldenstaedtii from 0.002 (2009) to 0.003 (2012) kg boat/day, A. nudiventris from 0.027 (2009) to 0.001 (2012) kg boat/day and H. huso from 0.123 (2009) to 0.018 (2012) kg boat /day. 1061 specimens of fish has been caviar including A. persicus with 69%, A. stellatus (18.1%), H. huso (5.5%), A. guldenstaedtii (2.7%). The frequency of caviar categorize was included 1 , 2, 3 and massive with 49.6%, 38%), 10.6% and 1.9% , respectively. The highest of meat and caviar belong to A. persicus with 31414 kg and 3515.7 kg, respectively were found and the lowest was 841kg and 105.9 kg pertain to A. guldenstaedtii. The results show that 65.9% of sturgeon was caught by legal catch (landing) and 34.1% by beach seine remained. 391 individuals was age determined that the minimum and maximum age was 9 and 41 year comprised to H.huso and A. stellatus, respectively. A. persicus and A. stellatus were majority caught compare to other species. A. persicus has the highest frequency in 14-15 year age groups with 50% and 57% in 2009 and 2011, respectively and 15-16 year age group with 41% and 56% in 2010 and 2012, respectively. The results show that mean of fork length, body weight, caviar weight of A. persicus was declined because the FL and weight average (±SD) obtained from 152.4±16.7cm and 25.8±9.2 kg in 2009 to 146.5± 18.7cm and 22.1±9.2kg in 2012, respectively. In contrast, the average (±SD) FL and weight of H. huso was increased from 218.8±41.1cm and 137.3±96.6kg in 2009 to 231.3±45.2cm in FL and 146.2±78.5kg body weight in 2012, respectively. Consequently, the results show that stocks of sturgeon in the Caspian Sea has a trend declined because of some species in IUCN categorize list was Endangered in 2006 but at this moment lie in Critically Endangered list of IUCN categorize were down which could be a serious alarm for the valuable sturgeon fish in the Caspian Sea. Therefore, recommendation that trade catch of sturgeon in the Caspian Sea must be forbidden and continue legal catch for spawner fish that needede to artificial propagation only.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Mazandaran waters ; Biology ; Sturgeons ; A. persicus ; A. stellatus ; A. guldenstaedtii ; A. nudiventris ; H. huso ; CPUE ; Survey ; Sampling ; Species ; Caviar
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    Effects of environmental factors on the growth and development of Astacous leptodactylous in Aras River and its Reservoir (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25843 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 10:44:09 | 25843 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In order to study plankton population composition and species diversity in different regions of Aras Rivers and the evident reservoir sampling was performed monthly from determined sampling sites from April 2007 to March 2008. Sampling was conducted in Reservoir Lake by a PVC pipe with 2.25 m length and 5 cm diameter by columnar method. Besides, in more dipper (〉5 m) sites, sampling conducted from bottom to surface with 1-m intervals (layer sampling) by a 2-liter Ruttner type sampler. In river due to water flow sampling was conducted by a scaled measure. Phytoplankton sampling was performed by 1-liter bottles. Zooplankton was sampled by filtering of 30 L through 55- micron plankton net. These samples were then transferred into bottles and sampling date and the name of station were attached on the bottles. Then, the samples were fixed immediately and transported to laboratory. It should be mentioned some physical parameters were determined in situ. Also, a 1liter and another 2-liter water were collected to determine chlorophyll a and chemical factors respectively. Samples were preserved in dark and cold place for a week. The upper layers (without phytoplankton) were removed and the lower layer (with phytoplankton) was sampled into 5-ml chambers. The enumeration and identification was performed by a Nikon TS100 inverted microscope with ×400 (Phytoplankton) and ×200 (Zooplankton) magnification according to Utermohl (1958) method. About 50 fields were enumerated for each sample. The comparison of physicochemical and biological factors with standard criterion indicated that the presence of a fertile plain, agricultural growth, drought and higher water demand in recent years, as well as, higher population density, the Nakhjavan city location and sewage water flows into the Aras reservoir, the lake is going to be an eutroph lake. Sampling of crayfish was performed from 5 sampling sites seasonally. Aras reservoir freshwater crayfish biomass was sampled in 1391, by putting 100 funnel-shaped nets. At each site one row nets composed of 20 nets were put by rocks, connecting robe and boat. Twenty four hours later, total freshwater cray fish was sampled (at least 300 crayfish was randomly sampled from each site). The samples were transported to laboratory and their sex, sex percentage, biometric characteristics including length, weight were recorded. Length and weight groups were estimated totally and for males and females in each season. The average total length and weight were 106.43 ± 7.94 mm and 35.81 ± 10.86 gr respectively which both are lower than West-Azarbaijan fisheries criterion. In this study only 18.99 percent contained a length higher than exporting level (120 mm). Yet, only 16.46 percent of harvesting had higher than 50 g (exporting level). With regard to data, freshwater shrimp (Astacus leptodactylus) in Aras dam reservoir stock has reduced. In general, male-female ratio was high. The comparison of growth equations confirms that males had higher weights than equal females. In recent years, the freshwater crayfish harvesting has been declined due to increased harvesting and over loading of nutrients into the lake.
    Keywords: Biology ; Environment ; Iran ; West Azarbaijan ; Aras Dam Reservoir ; Astacus leptodactylus ; Environmental conditions ; Plankton ; Population ; Species ; Diversity ; Sampling
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    Population genetic study on two commercial shrimp species and determining of DNA-Barcoding of 6 – 8 species by partial sequencing of mtDNA using molecular method (PCR-Sequencing) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25624 | 18721 | 2018-10-07 16:36:06 | 25624 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Barcodes are short segments of DNA that can be used to uniquely identify an unknown specimen to species, particularly when diagnostic morphological features are absent. These sequences could offer a new forensic tool in plant and animal conservation especially for endangered species. Ideally, barcodes could be used to positively identify illegally obtained material even in cases where diagnostic features have been purposefully removed or to release confiscated organisms into the proper breeding population. In the present study molecular data were used besides the morphological ones to introduce a specific barcode for six selected species of Shrimp. Based on the previous phylogenetics study, it has been proved that the mitochondrial COI gene in crustacean is a good discriminative marker at both inter- and intra-specific levels. In this regard, six species of shrimp (Fenoro penaeus indicus, Fenoro penaeus merguensis, penaeus semisulcatus, Metapenaeus affinis, Marsupenaeus japonicas, Fenoro penaeus penicillatus were collected from the Persian Gulf and Oman sea. After identification, the total DNA was extracted; COI gene was first amplified and then sequenced for each species. Finally the collected data were analyzed with the specific phylogenetic software. Molecular analysis revealed some degree of interpopulation differences but six good species were recognizable based on COI sequences. Also for population study molecular data of two species Penaeus semisulcatus and Metapenaeus affinis were analysed base on COI RFLP and 16SrRNA sequences respectively. The results would be helpful to protect shrimp species.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Oman Sea ; Population ; Genetic ; Shrimp ; Species ; DNA barcoding ; Partial sequencing ; mtDNA ; Molecular method ; PCR ; Fenoro penaeus indicus ; Fenoro penaeus merguensis ; Penaeus Semisulcatus ; Metapenaeus affinis ; Marsupenaeus japonicas ; Fenoro penaeus penicillatus
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    Preliminary study on induction of triploidy in Benni (Barbus sharpeyi) by thermal shocks (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25625 | 18721 | 2018-10-07 16:59:50 | 25625 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Barbus sharpeyi is a local fish of Khouzestan that is planned to be a target for aquaculture in recent programs of fisheries organization. Considering importance of this species in its dispersal region, the main goal of this project was evaluation of possibility for triploidy induction and its potential in response to the heat shocks, efficiency of viability and growth and finally reporting the best condition for triploidy induction in Benny. Induction of thermal shocks was executed in for cold and heat shocks (2 and 4°C for cold and 34, 36 and 38°C for heat). Time of induction and its duration varied between 2 and 5 minutes after the fertilization for 3 and 5 minutes. Each treatment was repeated for 3 times. The ploidy level was determined based on size of nucleus diameters in erythrocytes. Analysis of data was done by SPSS (ver. 16) using T-test and ANOVA method. Results showed that the maximum number of triploid individuals was obtained in treatment of 38°C, 2 min after the fertilization by duration of 3 minutes but as the condition was not suitable for the viability of the eggs, losses of the larvae was high in this group. The best efficiency of triploidization in B. sharpeyi belongs to the 34°C, 2 to 5 minutes after the fertilization for duration of 5 minutes. Nuclear dimensions showed an increase in triploids and confirmed that this characteristic can be used as a reliable factor to distinguish polyploidy. Results of this study showed that B. sharpeyi has the ability for polyploidy inductions specially heat shocks. Evaluation of growth in matured fishes, use of proper tagging systems to distinguish the treatments and designing a plan for bioconserving and genetic improvement of this species is recommended.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Khouzestan Province ; Triploidy ; Benni ; Barbus sharpeyi ; Thermal shocks ; Species ; Growth ; Fertilization ; ANOVA ; Bio conserving ; Genetic
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    Investigation of genetic marker (Luciferase gene) production for detection and stigmatize Cyprinus carpio or Rutilus frisii kutum (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25639 | 18721 | 2018-10-08 05:54:55 | 25639 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In this study lusiferse gene extracted from Vibrio fischeri. V. fischeri strain was kindly provided by Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST). Genomic DNA extraction was carried out by Phenol-chloroform. A DNA fragment encoding the luxA and LuxB was amplified by PCR using sense and antisense primers, specific restriction sites for BamH1 and Kpn1 were introduced into 5´ end of forward and reverse primer, respectively. The PCR product was purified from agarose gel and ligated into cleaved PT257R cloning vector. Following the confirmation of the cloned Luciferase transformed into E. coli. Recombinant clones were confirmed by specific PCR and restriction enzyme digestion analysis. The luxA and LuxB fragment was released subcloned in to the PcDNA3.1\hug and PcDNA3.1\neo expression vectors, respectively. recombinant plasmid was confirmed through restriction digestion using BamH1 and Kpn1 enzymes and subsequently, transformation procedure continued into NIH3T3 eukaryote cells by specific kit. Luminescence ability of recombinant clones was tested by NIH3T3 cells and dechanal (substrate) and Neomysin and hygromysin. The results showed that luminescence start after 2 hours and then increase after 6 hours. Inaddition, the protein identity was verified by western blot analysis, the protein bands 76 kD were detected which indicates protein expression of luxB, luxA.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Lusifrase ; Vibrio fischeri ; Transfer gene ; DNA ; Lusiferase gene ; Investihation ; Genetic ; Cyprins carpio ; Rutilus frisii kutum
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    Creation of cryopreservation bank of bony fish (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25640 | 18721 | 2018-10-14 02:39:07 | 25640 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In this study, 11 male of Caspian trout (Salmo truta caspius) (with mean length and weight 37/8 ± 5/3 cm and 523/3 ± 24/7 respectively) and 23 male of Caspian kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) (with mean length and weight 36/1 ± 7/1 cm and 631/3 ± 21/6 g respectively) were evaluated. All the fish were good at the initial examination of sexual maturity. After sperm sampling, their quality were tested. In this step, the parameters such as motility, duration of mobility, density, pH and osmolality were measured. After this stage, the sperm samples of Caspian trout in the ratio 1: 3 were diluted with the aqueous solution containing compounds (0.3M Glucose, 10% Methanol, 10% egg yolk) and the freezing process was done manually and the sperm was frozen in liquid nitrogen. The sperm samples of Caspian kutums were diluted (ratio of 1: 3) with two soluble diluent containing compounds (350 mM glucose, 30 mM Tris and 4% Polyethylene glycol) and (350 mM glucose, 30 mM Tris and 2% Glycerol) and were frizzed automatically by Planner Kryo instrument and placed in liquid nitrogen. The sperm samples were thawed 1 to 3 months after the date of first freezing and their quality were assessed by measuring percent and timing motility. The results showed that the obtained semen volume of Caspian trout was more than Caspian kutum. Moreover, percentage of motile sperm, timing motility and sperm density of Caspian trout were higher than those of Caspian kutum but osmolality and pH of Caspian trout were lower than those of Caspian kutum. Over time, the percentage of sperm motility and mobility for both species declined compared with fresh samples. After thawing, percentage of motile sperm and timing motility of Caspian kutum were lower than those factors Caspian trout. The results showed that the sample of Caspian kutum sperm that were diluted by ethylene glycol after thawing and were immotile ll of them. However, the samples were diluted by glycerol, after thawing, were alive and motile. According to the results, it seems very important species differences that must be fully considered in the process of freezing sperm. The use of a single protocol would not be successful in cryopreservation because the reaction of sperm against to chemical agents is variable. Therefore, it is essential to get the right information to protect valuable Caspian fish by using cryopreservation. Further studies on the characteristics of each species, as well as the freezing process take appropriate diluent.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Iran ; Salmo truta caspius ; Caspian trout ; Rutilus frisii kutum ; Caspian kutum ; Sperm ; Bony fish ; Cryopreservation
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    Population genetic study on croaker species Atrobucca nibe in Persian Gulf and Oman Sea using molecular methods (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25638 | 18721 | 2018-10-08 08:22:14 | 25638 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Black Mouth Croaker (Atrobucca nibe) is of significant value from the economics point of view. In the following study, the genetic diversity of Atrobucca nibe has been investigated using the PCR-sequencing method from three different regions of the Persian gulf and Oman Sea, namely Chabahar in the Sistan and Baluchestan and Jask in Hormozgan Province of Iran and Fujairah in the Fujairah Emirate of the United Arab of Emirates. The purpose of the following exploration has essentially beencoined to further the study of Atrobucca nibe genetic diversity and its population structure in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. For this purpose, a number of 54 fish have been collected from the aforementioned regions. The DNA of the fish had been extracted through the Ammonium Acetate method and the quality of the DNAs were analyzed via the spectrophotometry and furthermore the quantity of the extracted DNA were assessed viaelectrophoresis. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was conducted on the targeted DNAs and thenceforth DNA sequencing was carried out. Subsequently, through sequencing it was discovered that the D-loop region in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of Black Mouth Croaker,contained 270 base pairs (bp). For the purpose of analyzing the genetic diversity of Atrobucca nibe and its population structure in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea, the following softwares have been conducted, namely theBioEdit, Arlequin, Dnasp and Mega5 software. Furthermore, the Kimura 2-parameter was used for the purpose of genetic distance analysis. Through observations of average levels of FST between the regions, it can be summed up that genetic differences do exist among the present populations. On the grounds of the obtained results from the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea, it can be concluded that there currently are three different populations of Atrobucca nibe residing in the waters of Sistan & Baluchestan, Hormozgan and Fujairah.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Iran ; Oman Sea ; Persian Gulf ; Hormozgan Province ; Sistan and Baluchestan province ; Chabahar ; Jask ; Atrobucca nibe ; Genetic diversity ; PCR - Sequencing ; Population ; Genetic ; Croaker Fish ; Species ; Molecular method ; Black Mouth Croaker ; DNA ; Ammonium Acetate method
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    Peptone production from marine and culture wastes by commercial enzymes for bacterial culture media (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25648 | 18721 | 2018-10-08 07:22:08 | 25648 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Thirty to 40% of total fish catch is converted to waste. Using different methods of hydrolysis of the protein can be recovered of fish waste and increase the amount of protein efficiency. In this study, the four enzymes Alcalase, protamex, pepsin and trypsin were used for hydrolysis of four fish species including common carp (Cyprinus carpio), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and the Big head (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis). The effects of pH, temperature and hydrolysis time on the rate of hydrolysis were studied on soluble proteins and degree of hydrolysis (phase I). In the second step, proximate factors of peptone been evaluated and eventually replace commercial peptone media MRS (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus delberuki, Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus thermophilus) and TSB (Listeria monocytogenes, two species of Bacillus and Pseudomonas, Streptococcus faecium) and the optical density of bacteria at different times were compared with control samples. Results showed that the highest degree of hydrolysis and soluble proteins were referred to alcalase and protamex, pepsin and trypsin respectively. The highest value of hydrolysis, in all treatments, was attributed to grass carp and silver carp, common carp and big head respectively. The best pH and temperature for alcalase, protamex, pepsin and trypsin 8.5and 55, 7.5 and 55, 3.5, 37, 7 and 37 respectively. Best time to achieve the highest degree of hydrolysis and soluble protein was 90 minutes. Qualitative analysis showed that the highest and lowest amounts of protein and fat in the treatment of alcalase (about 70 % protein and less than 0.5 % fat) and protamex, pepsin and trypsin was then. The results of bacteria culture showed that the highest percentage growth of lactic acid bacteria was referred to Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus casei had the lowest rate of growth. In other bacteria, Pseudomonas and Bacillus species were the highest percentage of growth and Listeria monocytogenes and Streptococcus faecium respectively. In all treatments, alcalase had the best results and the peptone prepared from fish waste grass carp had the best condition for growth of used bacteria. It seems that the initial substrate , the parameters used such as temperature, pH, and enzyme hydrolysis time , have a significant effect on the quality of peptone and protein content in the final product is determined value of protein for culture of bacteria.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Warm water ; Protease enzymes ; Bacteria ; Degree of hydrolysis ; Soluble proteins ; Fish waste ; Peptone ; Marine ; Culture ; Alcalase ; Protamex ; Pepsin ; Common carp ; Cyprinus carpio ; Silver Carp ; Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ; Grass carp ; Ctenopharyngodon idella ; Big head ; Hypophthalmichthys nobilis
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    Population structure study of Anzali wetland phytoplankton (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25675 | 18721 | 2018-10-08 08:56:12 | 25675 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Phytoplankton groups are very important producers in the Anzali lagoon that have a significant role in the quality of water and the need to be constantly study their sequence and density. The survey was conducted in six workstations March 1389-Feb 2012. Samples were taken for a liter of water with plicae (P.V.C) and fixed with formalin to 4% ratio. Five ml of the sample after becoming homogeneous, was sequestration for 24 hours in the laboratory and identified and counted by invert microscope. Based on the results of this reviews 67 genus (22, 26, 9, 5, 1, 2, 1, and 1 genus respectively of the Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta branches, Cryptophyta, Euglenophyta Chrysophyta, Pyrrophyta, the Xanthophyta) were identified. The results showed that the phytoplankton density was the most in Sorkhankol and Komeh Aghajani stations with annual average of 24387483±5643414 and 20381250 ± 5488084 per liter respectively. The Bacillariophyta ( particularly Cyclotella) was dominant in all of stations but high density of blue green algae (Cyanophyta) in Komeh aghajani station from July to mid-October have caused the annual average of these phylum is more than Bacillariophyta. In General, the average density of phytoplankton was the highest in summer than other seasons and was the lowest value in the fall. The number of the genus identified in this survey is less than previous studies. Compare this survey with the last studies reviews shows that diversity is reduced in the current situation in the Anzali than previous studies. According to the statistical analysis of the Kruskal Wallis, the density of phytoplankton had no significant differences in the different months, stations and seasons (p〉0.05) but the phytoplankton phylums have significant differences (p〈0.05) together.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Iran ; Anzali wetland ; Diversity ; Phytoplankton ; Density
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    Survey of production per area of Fenneropenaeus (Penaeus) merguiensis and F. indicus in Hormozgan province (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25080 | 18721 | 2018-08-22 06:46:58 | 25080 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This project was conducted to survey production per hectare and other growth index of fenneropenaeus merguinsis and F. indicus in zar abzy fram in earthen ponds of Tiab area Hormozgan province. In this research for obtain aims used with two treatment and 3 replication. Postlarvaes were stocked at density 20 ind/m^2. Shrimp were fed by imported pellet on the basis of standard feeding table. In order to obtain the growth rate and calculation of daily feeding shrimp become biometry twice a month. Some of the physico chemical factor such and pH, dissolved oxygen and salinity were measured twice a month too. The results showed that mean weight of fenneropenaeus merguiensis were about 16.76 gr with mean daily growth 0.013 gr/day and for F. indicus obtain about 11.44 gr with mean daily growth 0.09 gr / day too. The results showed that mean F.C.R and survival rate in treatment 1 and 2 obtain 4.1 and 10 percent 1.7 and 64 percent respectively. The results showed that propagation of F.merguiensis is feasible and it can a culture species if suitable food is available.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Iran ; Hormozgan province ; South Tiab area ; Final production ; Fenneropenaeus indicus ; F. merguiensis ; Survey ; Area
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    Assessment of some specific and nonspecific immune responses of beluga (Huso huso) following exposure to organophsphte diazinon (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25085 | 18721 | 2018-08-22 07:23:39 | 25085 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Nowadays, the offspring of sturgeon species in the Caspian Sea is under danger because of biological and non-biological impacts such as pollution and illegal catching as well as dams obstacles of fish migration to the upstream of the rivers for the spawning. One of the most practical way to protect and maintain the natural stocking of these valuable species in the sea is artificial propagation and releasing of the produced larvae into the sea and the entering rivers as Iran Fishery Organization is currently producing about 22 million larvae per year according to the forth national plan of the country. However, protecting these natural resources of these species from the toxic chemicals is a critical issue because of high level pollution of their natural environment. In this research work an attempt was made to evaluate the toxicity of diazinon and its effect on some specific and nonspecific immune parameters of these sturgeon species in particular great sturgeon in order to give some recommendations for improving of their natural environment. A number of 300 fish weighing 12±2 g from great sturgeon obtained from sturgeon farms in Golestan states were used. Fish were transported to the Caspian Sea institute of ecology and were kept in 2000 L tanks with well aeration. Fish were fed commercial feed containing Kilka meal. The water quality parameters consisting of NO2, NH3, pH, DO and hardness were 〈0.1, 0 mg.l, 0.02mg/l, 7.9, 7-9/1 mg/l, and 145 mg/l, respectively. The acute toxicity of diazinon was assessed in beluga (Huso huso) and some of hematological and biochemical parameters of the survival fish examined. The obtained LC50-96 hours was 5.63 mg/l for Huso huso. Also, the obtained results showed that RBC, HB and PCV were significantly lower in the survival fish than the control fish. However, level of MCV in test groups was higher than control groups (P〈0.05). Also, leucocytes count level was different between the test and control groups. Also, no difference was observed in level of enzymes of ALD, AST, LDH and ALP between test and control groups, while levels of total protein and glucose in test groups were lower and higher than control fish, respectively. IgM of these species were purified and partially characterized using affinity chromatography and SDSPAGE methods, the obtained results showed than all fish species possess and IgM like protein with a molecular weight of 870KDa. This IgM showed to have heavy chains with 77-84 KDa and light chains with 28-30 KDa. The chronic/sublethal effect of this diazinon was assessed in great sturgeon juvenile and hematological and biochemical changes, leucocyte population size, lysozyme activity, chemiluminuscence (CL) response, antibody titration and histhopathological change were studied in beluga (Huso huso) weighing 450±50 g in the present of Antigen of Aeromonas Hydrophila as a single intraperitoneal injection at 1x10^7 cell per fish and thereafter a chronic exposure to organophosphate, diazinon at concentrations of 1,5 and 10 mg/L as a 48 hours bath and sample collected on day one and every week interval upto 22 days provided at 22±1?C and acceptable water quality condition. Results of erythrocyte profile in fish treated with diazinon generally showed significantly decrease of RBC, HCT (P〈0.05) compare to control fishes. While there was no significant difference (P〉0.05) in the values of MCH, MCV and MCHC between these groups. Compare to control group (group A) the values of white blood cells and lymphocyte were significantly lower in the exposed fish to diazinon (groups of C, D, E, F, G and H) while, the level of neutrophile and eosinophil was higher than control one (P〈0.05). No significant differences was found in values of monocytes and immature neutrophiles between control group and these groups (P〉0.05).Furthermore, fish treated with diazinon showed a higher levels of asparate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the early stage of post-exposure, compare to control fishes, while the level of these enzymes was lower in this group for the rest of experiment. Also, fish treated with Antigen-diazinon showed generally lower and higher levels of total protein and glucose concentrations in blood plasma, respectively compared to fish untreated(control) (P〈0.05).The level of cholinesterase in fish treated with diazinon bath generally lower than control group(P〈0.05).The level of lysozyme in liver of groups B,D,F,G and H were significantly higher (P〈0.05) than group A up to 2 weeks post-treatment and then it insignificantly reduced to lower levels until week 3 post-exposure. Also, kidney lysozyme contents were significantly higher (P〉0.05) in groups of B,F,G and H than group A up to 2 weeks post-treatment and then was lower for the rest of the experiment. The level of spleen lysozyme in groups of B,G and H was also, higher than group A for the first 2 weeks post-treatment and, then it reduced to below levels measured during the rest of experiment (P〉0.05). Lysozyme level of sera samples were significantly higher (P〈0.05) in groups of B, D, E, F, G and H than group A in the one week post-treatment. There was significant difference in the lysozyme contents of tissues of liver, spleen and serum between groups of A and E,F,G,H(P〈0.05). Mean spontaneous CL response in groups of diazinon bath were significantly lower than group A throughout the experiment (P〈0.05). Maximum peak was found in group D one day post-exposure, while the minimum peak was found in group E throughout the experiment. The antibody titration in groups of treated with diazinon bath generally lower than control group (P〈0.05).but the antibody titer in group B that treated with Antigen without diazinon bath was higher than the other groups. The histopathological effects of diazinon on the liver, kidney, spleen, gills, nostril and barbels of gain sturgeon examined under light and electron microscope, showed that diazinon caused severe damage to the cell structure such as congestion of blood vessels, hemorrhage, cellular infiltration, pyknosis of cells nuclei, vacuolar degeneration and general necrosis in the tissues of kidney, spleen and liver. There were also degenerative changes of interstitial tissue, detachment of tubular basement membrane in kidney. In the gills, hyperplasia and fusion of secondary lamellae, separation and sloughing of epithelium from the underlying basement membrane were also observed In conclusion, diazinon at toxic and sub lethal concentrations is able to seriously affect the sturgeon immunity resulting in suppression of fish immune system and making fish susceptible to both non-infectious and infectious diseases.
    Keywords: Biology ; Health ; Pollution ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Sturgeon ; Huso huso ; Diazinon ; Immune system ; Blood factors ; LC50 96h ; Migration ; Spawning ; Larvae ; Kilka ; Toxicity ; Aeromonas hydrophila ; Lymphocyte ; Gills ; Beluga
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    Genetic characterization of Vimba vimba persa in southern part of the Caspian Sea using microsatellite marker (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25259 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 07:41:54 | 25259 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Population genetic structure of Vimba vimba persa was investigated using microsatellite markers from 4 regions along the Iranian coastline of Southern the Caspian Sea (Anzali lagoon & havigh River in Gilan province, BabolRoud River in Maz&eran province & GorganRoud River in Golestan province). Genomic DNA from 121 specimens was extracted from fin tissue by phenol-Chlorophorm method & PCR reaction was accomplished with 17 microsatellite primers, out of 17 microsatellite primers 14 loci were amplified, in which 10 of them were amplified with reasonable polymorphism & 4 were monomorphism. Totally 302 alleles were identified on average 7.5 Observed & expected heterozygosity averages were 0.80 & 0.77 respectively. Most cases significantly deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p 0.01). The estimation of Fst (p 0.01) revealed significant population structuring & estimate four population of Vimba vimba persa is identified in the Caspian Sea. These studies were to apply & develop population genetic approaches to assist conservation, sustainable harvest & restocking of these populations.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Gilan province ; Mazandaran Province ; Golestan Province ; Anzali Lagoon ; Vimba vimba persa ; Population ; Genetic ; Microsatellite ; DNA ; Genomic ; Specimens ; PCR ; Equilibrium ; Restocking
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  • 77
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    Population genetic structure of 2 species from Caspian Sea (Rutilus frissi kutum and Rutilus rutilus) and 2 species from Persian Gulf and Oman Sea (Rachycentron canadum and Eleutheronema tetradactylum) using Molecular Marker (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25255 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 06:46:36 | 25255 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Population structure of 2 species in the Caspian Sea (Rutilus frissi kutum and Rutilus rutilus) and 2 species in the Persian Gulf and Oman sea (Rachycentron canadum and Polynemus Plebeius) were studid by using Microsatellite and RAPD. For this 210 specimens of kutum (Khoshkrud, Tonekabon, Gorganrud, Anzali Lagoon and Kura River mouth), 90 (Gorgan Bay, Anzali Lagoon and Volga), 184 of cobia (Bushehr, daier, Bandarabass, bazm, lengeh) and 235 of (Khozestan, Bushehr, Bandarabass and chabahar) were sampled. Genomic DNA was extracted of fin using the phenol-chloroform .The quantity and quality of DNA from samples were assessed by spectrophptometer and 1% agarose gel electro-phoresis. PCR was carried out using microsatellite and RAPD primers. PCR products were separated on 8% polyacrylamide gels that were stained using silver nitrate. Result showed that in kutum the average of expected and observed heterozygosity was 0.54 and 0.49 respectively. Significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg expectations were observed almost in all of location (P≤0.01, (P≤0.05). Using Fst and Rst there was significant difference between locations (P≤0.01). In study of Rutilus rutiluscaspicu the average of expected and observed heterozygosity was 0.5 and 0.7 respectively. Fst didn t show significant difference between iranian locations (P≥ 0.01) but it was Significant between Iranian populations and Russian populations (P≤ 0.05). In cobia the average of expected and observed heterozygosity was 0.655 and 0.874 respectively. Significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg expectations were observed almost in all of location (P ≤0.01, (P≤ 0.05)). Significant differences (P〈0.01) weren't observed between Rst recorded in the same region specimens studied but were observed between Rst recorded in the different region specimens studied. In Polynemus Plebeius, the observed heterozygosity in the Bushehr and Bandar abbas (0.22±0.13) was the highest and in Chabahar the lowest (0.171±0.175).Key word: Population Genetic, Rutilus frissi kutum ,Rutilus rutilus, Caspian Sea, Rachycentron canadum , Polynemus Plebeius, Persian Gulf and Oman sea.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Persian Gulf ; Oman Sea ; Anzali Lagoon ; Gorgan Bay ; Bushehr ; Lengeh ; Khouzestan ; Chabahar ; Population ; Genetic ; Rutilus frisii kutum ; Rutilus rutilus ; Rachycentron canadum ; Polynemus Plebeius ; Species ; Eleutheronema tetradactylum ; Molecular Marker ; Specimens ; Phenol-chloroform ; DNA
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  • 78
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    Gynogenesis in Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) and beluga (Huso huso) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25294 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 08:21:17 | 25294 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The objective of the present study was to determine the possible production of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) and Beluga (Huso huso) gynogen/triploids and also to determine the most appropriate type of thermal shock and the duration of induced shock after fertilization. Persian sturgeon and Beluga spawners were collected from Guilan's sturgeon catch stations and transported to the Shahid Beheshti sturgeon hatchery for artificial breeding and restocking programs. Ovulated eggs and sperms were collected based on common procedures in hatcheries. In order to separate the seminal fluids and dilute the milts, sperms were centrifuged at 6000 rpm for 20 min. and seminal fluids stored in refrigerator for further use. Sperm motility was investigated. In order to determine the best duration for radiation, the milt was diluted (1:9) with immobilizing solution. Samples of diluted milt were placed for UV irradiation (UV lamp model UVG-54, 254 nm, made by UVP America) for 0.5, 1, 1.5, 1.45, 2, to 5 min. The motility of radiated sperms and controls were examined under the light microscope and the motility curve was drawn. For application of thermal shock two types of heat shock (32, 34 and 37°C) and cold shock (0±1°C) were used for duration of 2.5 and 60 min respectively. Both thermal shock were applied at 12, 15, 18 min after fertilization. Four experimental groups were designed including; normal eggs as control group and sperms without UV thermal shock), gynogenesis (Sperm irradiated with UV and thermal shock were applied), triploid (thermal shock without radiation by UV on sperm) and haploid group (without thermal shock but using irradiated sperm for fertilization). Verification of the success of treatments was assessed using genetic analysis on sturgeon larvae and fingerlings. In triploids the total surface area, volume of cells and nucleus as well as chromosome number were determined. To identify a gynogenetic larva, microsatellite markers were used to analysis specific loci by using primers designed for lake sturgeon. The results were analyzed using SPSS, Excell software. To determine the significant levels between various parameters and comparison between controls and various treatments, one way of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used. Whenever the significant level was observed to determine its level a Duncan test were examined. Results of present study showed that the best duration for UV radiation on sperms of Beluga was 105-110 seconds. Average fertilization rate for control Beluga was 51%, while in heat shock group it was 2-5 % and in cold shock it was 44.6%. There was a significant difference in fertilization rate in cold shock group compared to heat shock group (P〈0.05), however no difference was observed between 32 and 34°C treatments. The average survival rate of larvae in control group was 51%, while in heat shock treatment (32 and 34°C) it was very low close to zero. However in cold shock treatment the results was better and hatching percentage of larvae was between 30 -35%. Triploid treatment showed better results than gynogenesis group. A minimum triploid larvae obtained from heat shock was zero but using cold shock, the maximum number of 170 specimen was harvested. There was no significant difference in the number of larvae obtained between 32 and 34° C treatments (P〈0.05). Although some difference was observed on large and small axes, surface areas and volume of red blood cells but no significant differences were observed between control and triploid groups (P 0.05). In the meantime, the chromosome number in triploid beluga was (3N=177±3) as compared to diploid 2N= 118±3, which indicated an extra set of chromosome (n=60) in triploid fish. Totally 26.6% of investigated fish was triploids. Microsatellite molecular markers clearly differentiate gynogenetic fish on the bases of allele inheritance of male and female parents, and were proven that this technique can clearly identify allelic inheritance of parents to offspring. In Persian sturgeon in compare to beluga a different results were observed. Heat shock (37°C) not present any positive results therefore has no application in induce gynogenesis on this species, also no significant difference was observed between 32 and 34°C treatment. Cold shock showed better results, especially when duration of UV radiation was adjusted to 105 seconds. Molecular analysis using microsatellite marker positively proved the gynogenetic offspring by counting the allelic inheritance. However Persian sturgeon as a tetraploid species (2N=240) has its difficulty on scoring the banding patterns. We highly recommend disomic primers application for allelic inheritance on gynogene Persian sturgeon.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Iran ; Persian sturgeon ; Beluga ; Gynogenesis ; Triploids ; Chromosome manipulation ; Huso huso ; Fertilization ; Motility ; Sperm ; ANOVA ; Survival rate ; Species ; Larvae ; Blood cells
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  • 79
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    Identification and distribution of mullets in the coastal water (intertidal zone) of Bushehr Province northern Persian Gulf (2008-2009) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25306 | 18721 | 2018-09-08 16:34:59 | 25306 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The distribution and stock assessment of edible bivalves were carried out in Bushehr shoreline areas (from 50֯ 38 - 29֯ 27 to 52֯ 41 - 27֯ 17 ) throughout the period of September 2008 - 2009. The objectives of this study were identifying the location of edible bivalves, biomass estimation, to estimate the growth parameters and natural mortality. Samples were obtained at roughly monthly or bimonthly from 7 areas and some of the at low tide during the year from 4 areas. Transects were selected at random direction and at the zigzag pattern in every area, so that is cover all of the shell beds. In each transects one or two sampling quadrat (0.25 m^2) were placed randomly. Depending on the area size the number of the quadrat were different. After the removal of the stones and debries, the edible bivalves (empty and live bivalves) and some of the decoration shells were identified and numbered. Some of the samples were transferred to a bag and taken back to the lab for further identification and further analysis. In this study, the percentage of samples was used to show the distribution of the species in different areas. Faunal affinity between stations was calculated by Sorensen formula. For the purpose of the stock abundance, the mean number of the shells in each quadrat was regarded as an estimate of stock mean. The total stock in the investigated areas was obtained by multiplying the mean by the ratio of the stock area to the quadrat area (0.25 m^2). Confident limits 0.95 % or 95 probility was given for precise the estimates. The length of some of the bivalves was measured from dextral to sinistral with vernier calipers to the nearest 0.1 millimeter. In some of the species the length frequency was used to estimate growth and natural mortality parameters. A subset of samples of Solen brevis was taken to the laboratory for the precise measurements, and relationship between body weights and total length. Surface sediment samples (5-20 cm) inhabited by some clam species were sampled in some areas. Water temperature and salinity were recorded during the survey in the sampled areas. A total of 45 species or species group was identified in the study area. The main area distributions for live edible bivalve, Solen brevis were located at Bupatil, Kaloo, Piazi and Bordekhoon. Other bivalve, Paphia cor was distributed in the Gassir, but empty bivalve shell was seen in the Bordekhoon shoreline. A limited tidal coastal area of Ganaveh has been covered by a pearl oyster species, Pinctada radiate that attached in the rocky beds. The empty shells of this species and other genus of the family were distributed in the other areas such as Golestan and Nayband. The most important areas for the decoration shells were located in the Golestan and Nayband. The empty bivalve shells, Trachycardium lacunosum were distributed in Lavar shoreline. The other species or species group were distributed in the shoreline of the study areas in different months with the low abundance. The growth parameters of two alive species, Paphia cor and Solen brevis were estimated. The Von Bertalanffy growth parameters for Paphia cor were estimated as K = 0.8 Year^-1, L_∞= 55 mm and t0 =-0.45 and for Solen brevis K=0.7 Year^-1, L=120 mm and t0 = -0.35. . Estimated natural mortality rate for Paphia cor was M=0.57 and for Solen brevis M=0.26. The maximum ages (Tmax) calculated were 50 months for Paphia cor and 54 months for Solen brevis. The mean biomass of Solen brevis in Bupatil was 3.25 1.1 shells per quadrat with a maximum peak 4.6 shells per quadrat in October (Mehr) and minimum 1.5 shells per quadrat in Augest (Mordad). For the pearl oyster, Pinctada radiata in the Ganaveh this estimation was obtained in maximum peak in July (Tir) 60.5 shells per 100 m^2 and minimum in March (Esfand) 3 per 100 m^2. Mean biomass for this species was estimated 27.7±24.2 shells per 100 m^2. The mean biomass of P. cor was 8.8 2.2 shells per quadrat and with a maximum in February (Bahman) and minimum in November (Abban).
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Bushehr province ; Ganaveh ; Identification ; Distribution ; Mullets ; Stock assessment ; Biomass ; Growth ; Mortality ; Samples ; Species
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    Study of anaesthetic effects of essence, water and water-alcohol extractions of clove oil (Eugina caryophillata) in some cultured species of aquatic animals (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25113 | 18721 | 2018-08-23 06:07:06 | 25113 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Anaesthetic effects of essence, water and water-alcohol extractions of clove oil were studied in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) and Penaeus semisulcatus under various water quality conditions consisting of water temperature, pH and salinity. The obtained results showed that both water and water alcohol extractions had no anaesthetic effect at concentration upto 2000 mg/L whilst, essence could aet as a suitable anaesthesia at 〉50 mg/L. The most suitable anaesthic effect by essence in rainbow trout was 250 mg/L provided at 5 C and pH 7. Also, clove oil essence showed the best anaesthetic effect in carp under water quality conditions consiting of water temperature at 25 C and pH 7-8 or water temperature at 30 C and pH 9. In addition, clove oil essence at 75 mg/l and 12 mg/L gave the best anaesthetic and sedation effects in Persian sturgeon provided at 21-23 C and pH 8.3, respectively. Furthermore, clove oil essence at concentrations above 50 mg/L was able to act as an anaesthesia in P. semisulcatus. However, the best anaesthetic concentration was depended on water quality conditions consiting of water temperature, pH and salinity.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Clove oil ; Rainbow trout ; Common crap ; Persian sturgeon ; Penaeous semisulcatu ; Water quality ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Acipenser persicus ; Cyprinus carpio
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  • 81
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    The plankton of the Anzali Lagoon and coastal waters of the Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25111 | 18721 | 2018-08-23 06:01:27 | 25111 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The determination and identification of plankton species in the Anzali lagoon was carried out through a period of two years in 27 stations in the Shejan, Sakishima, Abkenar, Hendekhaleh andmain outlets of this lagoon from 1997 to 1999. The results of this study reveal that there are Totally 6 phyla of Phytoplankton that include, 134genera and 278 species of which 56 genera and 107 species belong to Phylum Chlorophyta, 39 genera and 87 species belong to Phylum Bacillariophyta (Diatoms), 2 genera and 2 species belong to Phylum Xanthophyta, 4 genera and 4 species belong to Phylum Chrysophyta, 6 genera and 34 species belong to Phylum Euglenophyta, 8 genera and 11 species belong to Phylum Pyrrophyta, 18 genera and 32 species belong to Cyanophyta and one genus belongs to phylum Rhodophyta. It is evident from these results that Cyanophyta and Bacillariophyta showed the highest density among Phytoplanktons with the highest Aboundance found in the Abkenar and southern Hendekhalehregions. Highest density of Cyanophyta was observed in Abkenar region during the end of spring and beginnings of summer. Bacillariophyta was observed all-round the year throughout the Anzali lagoon being more aboundant the end of autumn, winter and spring. Other phyla showed similar population densities throughout the year. study of Zooplanktons revealed the presence 11 phylum that include 133 genera and 211 species Anzali lagoon of which 10 genera 22 species belong to phylum Rhizopoda ,4 genera 4 species belongto Phylum Actinopoda, 32 genera 41 species belong to Phylum Ciliophora, one genus and one specie belong to Phylum Porifera, 3 genera belong to Phylum Coelantrata, 2 genera and 2 species belong toAnnelida, 2 genera 2 species belong to Phylum Platyhelminthes, 36 genera and 90 species belong toPhylum Rotatoria, one genus and one specie belongs to Phylum Tardigrada, 19 genera and 32 species belong to Phylum Arthropoda (order Cladocera), 7 genera and 11 Species belong to Class Copepoda, in Class Cirripedia and Ostracoda and Diptera(Family Chironomidae) each of them consisting of onegenus, 2 genera and 2 species belong to Class Archnida and in phylum Mollusca Class Bivalvia one genus was identified. It is evident from the present study that Rotrtoria was dominant in southern Hendekhaleh and Abkenar regions and the main outlets wherease Protozoa showed the maximum density in Shejan and Siakishem regions. Highest density of Zooplankton were observed in Hendekhaleh and Abkenar regions in end of Spring and during summer whereas all regions showed similar densities during the other seasons .
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Anzali lagoon ; Planktons ; Species ; Phylum ; Bacillariophyta ; Diatoms ; Xanthophyta ; Chrysophyta ; Euglenophyta ; Cyanophyta ; Rhodophyta ; Population ; Density ; Arthropoda ; Copepoda ; Bivalvia ; Mollusca ; Protozoa
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  • 82
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    The effect of thyroxine (T4) on prematurating in female, on survival percent, growth and development of egg and larval in rainbow trout, grass carp, silver carp and barbell of Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25118 | 18721 | 2018-08-22 02:17:23 | 25118 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Studies show that thyroxine can play an important role in regulating growth and other physiology activities. Since the direct role of thyroxine in growth metamorphose larval of bony fishes hasn't been proved yet, during the experiment accomplished in Shahid Ansari and Jajrood station, the hormones function in the survival of development of silver carp, grass carp and rainbow trout were studied. In this study accomplished of thyroxine baths with 0.1, 0.5 and 1 ppm (with 3 repeat). The other phase, thyroxine injected to females grass carp, silver carp, rainbow trout and barbell of Caspian Sea with different doses (1, 10 and 100 g/g B.W.). Tehn survival of development of embryo and larval and precent of fertilization were studied. Also, the percent of mortality were compared in two phases in stages of development. Results show that: 1) Trout: a) Phase of thyroxine bath: The number of hatching eggs and survival of larval in 0.5 ppm were increased to other treatment. b) Phase of hormone injection: The survival of larval in treatment of 10 g/g was 8.58% that was meaningful difference to other treatment (P〈0.05). 2) Silver carp: a) Phase of thyroxine bath: The number of hatching eggs and survival of larval in 0.5 ppm were (20%) increased to other treatment (P〈0.5). b) Phase of hormone injection: The survival of larval in treatment of 10 g/g was meaningful difference to other treatment (P〈0.05). 3) Grass carp: a) Phase of thyroxine bath: The number of hatching eggs and survival of larval in 0.5 ppm were 39% increased to other treatment. b) Phase of hormone injection: The survival of larval in treatment of 1 g/g was meaningful difference to other treatment (P〈0.05). 4) Barbel of Caspian Sea: Development stages wasn't determined in this fish. Number of eggs degenerated, number of eggs were the first development stages and growth of numbers increased on ovary.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Thyroxine ; Female ; Survival ; Growth ; Egg ; Larval ; Grass Carp ; Silver Carp ; Thyroxine (T4)
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  • 83
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    The study of genetical differentiation of bisexual and parthenogenetic strains of Artemia urmiana by RAPD s method (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25124 | 18721 | 2018-08-26 13:25:27 | 25124 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The brine shrimp Artemia consists of a number of bisexual species and a large number of parthenogenetic forms, which collectively, inhabiting a wide range of hypersaline habitats. This research was carried out in order to study the genetic differentiation of Artemia urmiana and two parthenogenetic populations originated from surrounding lagoons of the Lake Urmia (Fesendoz, Saray village) and also to find the phylogenetic relationships of some Iranian Artemia (Qom, Arak, Golestan, and Shiraz) with a comparison to some foreign Artemia species (A. sinica, A. franciscana, A. parthenogenetica (Russia and Turkmenistan) using a molecular technique (PCRRAPD`s). Of a total number of 56 random primers (10 bp) survey, 29 and 26 oligonucleotides showed polymorphic patterns with highly reproducible bands in Artemia urmiana groups and Iranian Artemia groups.The highest percentage of polymorphic loci were in Artemia urmiana (P= 78.89 %) and in comparison with the other parthenogenetic forms, in parthenogenetic Artemia from Saray village (P= 59.8 %). The highest values of Shannon index were estimated in Artemia urmiana (I= 0.41), and in comparison with other parthenogenetic forms, in parthenogenetic Artemia from Saray village (I= 0.3). Analysis of molecular variance indicated that most variation were within populations (A. urmiana with parthenogenetic forms, FST= 0.35) and among populations (Iranian Artemia with foreign species, FST= 0.76). Genetic pattern was not in accordance to geographical distribution, which indicated the wide range of Artemia samples at different regions in Iran. UPGMA showed two distinct clusters in group I including A. urmiana with two parthenogenetic forms and four clusters in group II including Iranian Artemia with some foreign species. It is understood that two parthenogenetic populations (Fesendoz and Saray village) had close genetic relationship together with high value of heterozygosity in parthenogenetic Artemia from Saray village. Iranian Artemia (Qom, Arak, and Golestan) indicated close genetic relationships with A. parthenogenetica (Russia and Turkmenistan) with low values of heterozygosity. A sister group was generated including Shiraz and USA Artemia samples which attests a possible contamination of local water with A. franciscana. FST value revealed high genetic structuring at all studied groups. Besides, it is suggested that gene flow was not strong enough to prevent substantial genetic differentiation. Result could lead to a management programmes to use suitable Artemia strains with high genetic diversity, for culturing and establishment of gene bank of Artemia stocks in Lake Urmia.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Iran ; Lake Urmia ; Fesendoz village ; Saray village ; Artemia urmiana ; Parthenogenetic populations ; Iranian Artemia ; Phylogenetic relationships ; RAPD`s ; Shrimp ; Bisexual species ; Phylogenetic ; A. sinica ; A. franciscana ; A. parthenogenetica ; Survey ; A. urmiana
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    Establishment of herbarium (stock collection) of the algae of the southern part of the Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25129 | 18721 | 2018-08-26 13:48:51 | 25129 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The algal herbarium was set up and put into operation officially since 22 August 1993 at the Ghazian research station of the Gilan Fisheries Center. Several samplings were carried out from different regions of the Anzali Lagoon and Parts of the Southern shores of the Caspian Sea. The Samples Collected are being stored in the Laboratory in Living and non-Living form. 163 Living samples of 23 phytoplankton species are stored in the form of different types of inoculants liquid media and agar Plates. The species collected are as follows: Nodularia sp1, Nodularia sp2, Spirulina sp. Oscillatoria sp., Anabaena sp1,Anabaena sp2, Dactylococcopsis raphidiodes Lyngbia sp., Ankistrodesmus falacatus, Ankistrodesmus sp., Scenedesmus abundans S. acuminatus, S. obliquus, S. quadricada, Chlorella vulgaris Thalassionema nitzschioides, Cyclotella sp., Rhizosolenia calcar avis, Navicula sp., Bacillaria sp. Pure cultures of seven phytoplankton species have been developed which include: Scenedesmus abundans, S.obliquus, S. acuminatus, S. quadricada, Chlorella vulgaris, Spirulina sp.and Ankistrodesmus falcatus. The non-Living samples are stored dried or fixed in suitable Preservatives. More than 200 phytoplankton specimens are available in the Laboratory at present, of which 100 species have been identified.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Guilan province ; Anzali Lagoon ; Herbarium ; Stock collection ; Algae ; Fisheries ; Samples ; Phytoplankton ; Species ; Spirulina sp. ; Nodularia sp. ; Oscillatoria sp. ; Anabaena sp. ; Lyngbia sp. ; Dactylococcopsis raphidiodes ; Ankistrodesmus falacatus ; Ankistrodesmus sp. ; Scenedesmus abundans ; S. acuminatus ; S. obliquus
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    Molecular population genetic of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) and stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus) using microsatellite markers (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25141 | 18721 | 2018-08-26 13:45:43 | 25141 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The fishery stocks of most commercial aquatic stocks in the world have shown declining trends in the past two decades. Several factors have been responsible for the decline of stocks the most important of which over fishing and over-exploitation, pollution, loss of natural habitats and natural spawning grounds, construction of dams and bridges across the important rivers which restrict the migratory routes of spawners, decrease in natural reproduction and rehabilitation of stocks through artificial breeding programs. Over-exploitation of stocks and pollution directly affect decreasing stocks in an ecosystem. Not differentiating between different populations and stocks of a species found distributed in an aquatic ecosystem is considered one of the main factors which causes the depletion of stocks in most ecosystems in the world. In most cases this is because genetic variations in aquatic stocks in the wild are not taken into consideration. Six species of sturgeons are found living in the Caspian Sea and its drainage basin which produce more than 85-90% of the world caviar. The Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) and the stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus) are the main sturgeon species of the Caspian Sea. The Persian sturgeon is mainly found in the south Caspian Sea while the stellate sturgeon stocks are considered shared stocks by the five Caspian littoral states. Due to over fishing in the past two decades the legal catch figures for sturgeon stocks in the Caspian Sea dropped from 28500 tons in 1985 to less than 1500 tons in 2004. Similarly caviar production also dropped from 3000 tons to 110 tons in 2005. With regard to the severe reduction in sturgeon stocks it is necessary to take essential steps before these valuable species are totally wiped out. The fisheries management of the five Caspian littoral states should focus their efforts on identifying the different populations and stocks found in the Caspian Sea. Concerted measures should be taken to study the distribution and biomass of the different populations in order to develop a scientific solution for the sustainable use of these endangered species and to secure the long term conservation of sturgeon stocks. The aim of present study was to evaluate the genetic structure of the population of two species Acipenser persicus and Acipenser stellatus and to develop molecular markers to identify and differentiate different populations of these two species.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Population ; Genetic ; Persian Sturgeon ; Acipencer persicus ; Stellate Sturgeon ; Acipencer stellatus ; Microsatellite markers ; Fishery ; Pollution ; Spawning ; Species ; Aquatic Ecosystem ; Genetic ; Molecular
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    Characterization and isolation of microsatellite in Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus, Borodine, 1897) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25417 | 18721 | 2018-09-23 16:10:44 | 25417 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In order to have a sustainable management on Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) as a highly commercial species in the South Caspian Sea, we need to identify its population structure and the level as well as its conservation status in their natural habitat. To develop a conservation program for this all Caspian Sea' sturgeon species it requires knowledge of its genetic diversity using reliable molecular marker to study population genetic structure. For these purposes, an enriched library was prepared based on a modified biotin-capture method. Approximately 1800 positive clones were screened for microsatellites in an Acipenser persicus genomic library. Of these 350 positively hybridizing clones were sequenced, and 81 clones were identified as having microsatellites with adequate flanking regions. We developed and tested 68 microsatellite primer pairs for Persian sturgeon. Out of 68 primer pairs developed, 11 pairs resulted in poor or no amplification, 13 were ambiguous, 6 were monomorphic, 20 were tetrasomic and 18 were octosomic in Persian sturgeon. While none of the markers showed disomic inheritance in Persian sturgeon and Russian sturgeon (A. gueldenstaedtii). Several of the markers appeared useful for studies stellate sturgeon (A. stellatus), ship sturgeon (A.nudiventris) and beluga (Huso huso). Nearly all the polymorphic pattern for ship, stellate and beluga displayed the simple banding patterns characteristic of disomic loci, while those for Russian sturgeon displayed banding patterns characteristic of tetraploid or higher polyploid levels. These markers may prove useful in a variety of future sturgeon population genetic studies in the Caspian Sea.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Persian sturgeon ; Acipenser persicus ; Microsatellite ; Population ; Genetic ; Species ; Diversity ; Russian Sturgeon ; A. gueldenstaedtii ; A. stellatus ; A.nudiventris
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    Studying molecular 2 species econimic shrimps (P. merguiensis, P. indicus) Northern coast of the Persian Gulf and Oman sea using microsatelitte markers to separating and identificating of their possible populations (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25434 | 18721 | 2018-09-23 16:52:05 | 25434 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study focuses on molecular investigation of two commercial shrimp species of penaeus family namely as : P. merguiensis and P. indicus in order to find and introduce the genetic differentiations and also probable genotypes for monitoring and managing the genetic resources of populations in three major catch areas in the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea. Only five out of the eight primers for P. merguiensis and four out of the eight primers for P. indicus produced good amplified PCR products with fixed annealing temperature. The rest of the primers were either not easily amplified or produced nonspecific bands. Seven and six alleles were found to be unique to each of the three populations in P.merguiensis and and two populations of P. indicus respectively. Occurrences of heterozygosity deficiency were found at most loci. These heterozygosity deficiencies in observed heterozygosity in compare to expected heterozygosity may be due to inbreeding, genetic drift and consequences of illegal overharvesting of P. merguiensis and P. indicus in the studied areas as well. Deviation from HWE in both studied species was significant in most microsatellite loci (P 〈0.001). We observed deviation from HWE in most loci with hetrozygosity deficits. The genetic variation results showed that the pairwise Fst values were significant between populations in both species. The assignment test for P. merguiensis revealed high gene flow between Hormoz and Jask and restricted genetic flow between Guatr and Hormoz populations .We observed high gene flow between Hormoz and Jask populations for P. indicus. It seems that the changes in immigration patterns of populations between Hormoz, Jask and Guatr areas in both species are depend on the influence of Persian Gulf currents or the life cycle of studied species. Alternatively, the presence of ecological barriers such as mangrove forests may result in restricted genetic flow between Guatr and both Hormoz and Jask populations.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Oman Sea ; Hormoz ; Jask ; Guatr ; Microsatellite markers ; P.merguiensis ; P. indicus ; PCR ; Molecular ; Species ; Genotype ; Population ; Temperature
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  • 88
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    Study on genetic structure of Caspian Sea sturgeons in the stock assessment of sturgeon in Iranian coastline of the south Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25465 | 18721 | 2018-09-26 09:39:43 | 25465 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The population genetic structure of the Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) in the 2, 3, 4 fisheries regions and Sefidrud River was investigated based on the DNA sequencing method during 2010–2013 sturgeon stock assessment in the south Caspian Sea . DNA samples were extracted using ammonium acetate, the quantity of DNA was measured at 260 and 280 nm using spectrophotometry by Nanodrop (ND 1000 model), and the quality was checked by 1% agarose gel electrophoresis. Two sets of mitochondrial gene (D-loop and cytochrom b) after synthesis were used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A Neighbor-Joining (NJ) tree was constructed for all haplotypes according to Kimura 2-parameter model using Mega Version 4.0.1, number of haplotypes, haplotype diversity (Hd) and nucleotide diversity and their corresponding variances, genetic divergence overall and between paired populations (Fst) by 10,000 permutations and exact test, the gamma distribution shape parameter for the rate heterogeneity among sites and nucleotide sequence, the historical demographic pattern of A.persicus using neutrality tests and mismatch distribution analysis (D test of Tajima and Fs test of Fu), also the concordance of the observed with the expected distribution under the sudden population model using the Harpending, s raggedness index (Hri) were analysed. All calculations were conducted using ARLEQUIN version 3.11 and DnaSP 4.0. The aligned mtDNA sequences of D-loop and cytochrom b genes were consisted of 500 and 700 base pairs (bp) respectively. 13 and 4 haplotypes were defined, the average haplotype diversity were 0.961 and 0.419, average nucleotide diversity were 0.038 and 0.002, The gamma distribution shape parameter were 0.19 and 0.20 indicating moderate mutation rate heterogeneity among sites in A.persicus. The lowest value of Fst for D-loop gene was calculated between Sefidrud and four fisheries region (-0.002) and the Fst values observed for cytochrom b gene was 0.04 with Nm=5.37 and not statistically significant. The exact test of population differentiation (non-differentiation exact P values) showed significant differences between Sefidrud and other areas (P ≤0.05) for D-loop gene and for cytochrom b gene was nonsignificant (P ≥0.05). The mismatch analysis produced a unimodal distribution of pairwise differences for both genes which was consistent with the sudden population expansion model. Tajima’s D and Fu’s Fs statistics were significantly negative (D= -0.84 and - 0.99, P〉0.01; Fs=-0.220 and -0.079, 〉0.01). ARLEQUIN calculated the value of t as 13.65 and the time since population expansion was estimated to be approximately 1501 years before present based on the mutation rates for the control region and this value for cytochrom b gene t= 0.98 which population expansion time was 7.84 years before present. The results of this study based on D-loop gene showed that population of A.persicus in the Sefidrud River is differ from other studied areas. Therefore fisheries managements of this unique and valuable stock for restocking and conservation of gene pools is strongly recommended.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Genetic ; Structure ; Sturgeons ; Stock assessment
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    Population genetic study on Tenualosa Ilisha from Persian Gulf (Khouzestan region) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25524 | 18721 | 2018-10-05 08:38:24 | 25524 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Information on the genetic structure of fish populations is useful for identification of stocks, management for sustainable exploitation and preservation of genetic diversity. The most important objective in population genetics is discrimination between populations within their distribution areas. The invention of polymerase chain reaction has created new possibilities for exploration of these differences in fish populations. One of these PCRbased methods is Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) which uses short oligonucleotide primers of arbitrary sequences to amplify discrete regions of the genome. The most important features of this method are: obtaining a large number of polymorphic DNA bands using tiny amounts of DNA without necessity of cloning or previous knowledge of DNA sequence. Ilisha shad (Tenualosa ilisha) which is locally known as Soboor is an anadromous fish living in sea shores, estuaries and downstream of rivers and migrate to upstream for spawning. The aim of this research was to study genetic structure of soboor in Khuzestan waters, including Karoon, Arvadrood and Bahmashir rivers, Persian Gulf (Sea) as well as Iraqi samples (caught from Shat-Al-Arab river), by using RAPD technique. For this purpose, fifteen random decamer primers were initially applied on DNA samples of 4 individuals from each region. After optimizing PCR condition, nine primers with best results were selected from which 58 polymorphic loci were obtained on 60 specimens (12 specimens from each geographical region). RAPD data were obtained by scoring 1 and 0 for presence or absence of polymorphic bands, respectively. RAPDPLOT, RAPDDIST and POPGENE computer Software were used to analyze the RAPD data. Canonical discriminant analysis was deployed for statistical analysis of the data. Maximum and minimum genetic distances were found between samples from Iraq and Sea (0.2870) and Arvandrood and Bahmanshir (0.1042), respectively. The UPGMA dendrogram showed that the samples from Karoon and Sea form a clade whereas samples from Iraq, Arvandrood and Bahmanshir rivers form another clade suggesting the hypothesis that there are two Iranian and Iraqi populations of this species and these fish select their own specific river for spawning. According to this hypothesis the specimens from Sea would destine Karoon as their spawning river. On the other hand, two other separate groups could be corresponded to Tigris and Euphrate rivers in Iraq. Moreover, canonical discriminant analysis indicates that samples from four geographical regions are statistically different from each other and high correlation among data was found within each region (P〈0.01) suggesting that Tenualosa ilisha is a schooling species. According to the above two hypotheses and considering the distribution of specimens in phylogenetic tree it can be concluded that Bahmanshir river is a specific pathway for those fish heading Karoon river for spawning whereas Shat-Al-Arab population uses both Bahmanshir and Arvandrood rivers to reach Shat-Al-Arab. To verify these three hypotheses further studies are needed.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Khouzestan Province ; Karoon River ; Bahmanshir River ; Arvandrood River ; Population ; Genetic ; Tenualosa ilisha ; Population ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; DNA ; RAPD ; PCR ; Spawning
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  • 90
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    Production of Artemia in Fesendoz earthpond (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25536 | 18721 | 2018-10-05 16:11:25 | 25536 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In order to optimal using of constructed earthpond in fesendoz area which in not used for the maine objective (warm water fish culture) because of previous drought years, the possibility of them for Artemia culture with drainage (40 ppt) and salin well (90ppt) waters between 2012-13 were evaluated. In the first year 2 ha and in the second year 7 ha were prepared according to standard method and artemia nauplii were released 60 /L then fertilized with fertilization method in order to obtain 40 cm transparency with using sechi disc. After reaching to adalt stage and in order to fertilization management Artemai biomass were harvested daily 300 to 1000 g base of the early and late production periods. After observed the cysts it gathered by using sachok, proccess and maintain in freezer for stopping diapousthen dried and canned in 330g can with 7±1 % humidity. All the production costs for biomass 100000 Rials and for cyst 1800000 rials while they selling 250000 rials and 2500000 Rilas respectively.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Fesendoz earthpond ; Artemai ; Culture ; Economical analysis ; Warm Water ; Fish culture ; Production
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  • 91
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    Studying distribution and biology of Neogobius caspius in Guilan province coasts (south Caspian Sea) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25220 | 18721 | 2018-09-06 05:28:09 | 25220 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The Caspian goby, Neogobius caspius, is an endemic species of Gobiidae family in the Caspian Sea and it has ecological importance (as food for Caspian commercial fish such as sturgeons). The main aims of this study are, studying distribution, length, weight and age structure, sex ratio, diet, reproduction biology and morphological characters of this species in Guilan coast at waters of the Caspian sea and the sampling has been done monthly from Oct. 2005 to Sep. 2006 in 4 station from Astara to Chaboksar, with bottom trawl which had 12.5 meter length, 4.7 meter gape width and 2 mm mesh size in code end. The results showed N. caspius abundance is 9.82±11.93% of Gobiids and 7.92±10.10% of total fish numbers sampled in the study area (13824 specimens belong to 16 fish species) and there were significant differences among stations and seasons. CPUA of N.Caspius was estimated 52.5±105.9 ind/hec and 412.7±770.7 g/hec and there were significant differences among stations and seasons. Maximum body weight, total length and age were measured 65.10 g, 176 mm and 6 years old with an average 8.74±9.9 g, 84.83±28.4 mm and 1.83 years old, respectively and maximum age of males and females was 6 and 5 years old respectively and there were significant differences among stations and seasons and between sexes. It was estimated algometric growth model from length-weight regression, coefficient of K Von Bertalanffy growth model was estimated 0.42 and 0.68 in male and female, respectively. Sex ratio was 1.27 female to 1 male. Coefficient vacuity, relative gut length and intensity of 169 fullness were 8.72%, 0.76±0.17 and 267.7±263.3 for, respectively and Caspian goby fed on 30 different prey consist Zooplanktons (8 types), Benthic animals (15 types) and fishes (7 types) and young and yearlings have fed mainly mixed food (zooplankton and benthic animals) and adults on zoobenthose. Gammarids, Bivalvia, Cumaceae and Vormes constituted 44.7, 38.9, 24.8 and 19.7 % of prescence in full-gutted samples respectively, they were mainly preys (number and weight), hence this species is considered as euryphagus, carnivorous, benthphagus species. It was determined, Caspian goby spawns from March until last June, males and females take part in spawning in 2.8g and 65 mm and 1.3 g and 52 mm, respectively. Length at 50% maturity (LM50) was 80.2 and 77.5 mm in males and females, respectively. Maturity took place at 2 years old for both sexes, too. The absolute fecundity was estimated 109-1350 (451.6±216.3) eggs and relative fecundity 18-80 (36.8±9.2) eggs per one grams of body weight and diameter of ripe eggs was measured 1.31-2.60 (2.18±0.19) mm. Morphologically, there were 15 morphologically significant statistical differences between males and females and 15 differences among stations, sexual dimorphism was observed, too.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Guilan Shore ; Guilan province ; Neogobius caspius ; Caspian goby ; Distribution ; Population structure ; Diet ; Reproduction ; Morphology ; Gobiidae ; CPUA ; Algometric ; Zooplankton ; Benthic
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  • 92
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    A survey on some biological aspects of spiny lobster Panulirus homarus for optimizing fishing season in Sistan - o – Baluchestan province (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25222 | 18721 | 2018-09-05 16:40:25 | 25222 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Research project was conducted on some biological aspects of lobster in Oman Sea in the years1385-86. During the project some parameters such as length distribution, spawning peak, length (Carapace) at first maturity, the length at which 50% of the lobsters were found to be mature sexually, sex ratio, relative frequency index and population dynamics parameters were examined. Quantitative factors and catch composition of lobster including the amount of catch in terms of weight and number of ovigerous-female, under-sized specimens and so were compared by monthly. According to the results of present study caught specimens were male with carapace length of 22 and 110 mm respectively. The smallest ovigerous female was taken as 46mm CL when length at first maturity was estimated to be 69-70mm. the male: female ratio was 0.7: 1.3 for the whole year. A closed fishing season for the species is proposed during spring and September and October in Oman Sea. A large amount of the catches for the all sampling months came from the under-sized specimens, consist of 50 to 85% of the total catch. Therefore, presence of these small length groups have direct effects on time of closing season. Population dynamics parameters were calculated as follows: K=0.57 year, L∞= 103mm and Ǿ = 8.69. Total mortality (Z), natural mortality (M) and fishing mortality (F) coefficients were calculated as 2.73, 0.87 and 1.86, respectively. Exploitation ratio for the whole population was 0.681, indicating an overexploitation of the species. Based on the available data, the recruitment pattern for lobster was obtained for two season including spring (major) and autumn (minor). Catch per unite effort (CPUE) was calculated as 0.908 kg/Cage/day which was higher in comparison with two other areas including Ramin and Chabahar. Examination of CPUE for a 10-year period showed a decreased trend and the reduction for the year 1386 was about 30% when compared to the data from the year 1375. Moreover, the mean length during 1369-70 to 1385-86 (present study) decreased for the three areas including Pozm, Ramin and Chabahar, so that the carapas length decreased up to 10 mm in length. This sudden decrease in mean length during the 10-year period should be considered as a serious precariousness for sustainable exploitation of lobster in Oman Sea along Sistan and Baluchistan province.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Oman Sea ; Sistan and Baluchistan province ; Chabahar ; Survey ; Spiny Lobster ; Panulirus homarus ; Fishing ; Spawning ; Length ; Maturity ; Sex ratio ; Female ; Specimens ; Species ; Mortality ; Population
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  • 93
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    A study on the diversity and abundance of ichthyoplankton in coastal waters of the Kharg and Dylam (Persian Gulf) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25221 | 18721 | 2018-09-06 06:08:35 | 25221 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The present investigation was undertaken to identify fish larva and estimate their abundance, diversity and evenness indices. Twelve stations were sampled monthly during daytime hours by Bongonet in the kharg and khargoo regions of Persian Gulf from January 2005 through December 2006. Forty family of fish larva were identified, Families of Silaginidae, Clupeoidea, Blenidae and Athrinidae consisted of more than 61 percent of all specimen; The abundance of specimen were more during spring through fall months and least during winter. The number and abundance of identified families varied from cruise to cruise and station to station; the average amount of diversity, Species Richness and evenness in investigated region were computed 1.93, 12 and 0.68, respectively. Temperature and salinity of water during this study were between 16-34°C and 35-42 gr/lit. There weren’t any significant correlation between fish larva indices and above factors.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Kharg ; Dylam ; Diversity ; Abundance ; Ichtyoplankton ; Fish larvae ; Sample ; Silaginidae ; Clupeoidea ; Blenidae ; Athrinidae ; Specimen ; Species ; Temperature ; Salinity ; Coastal waters
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    Imprinting of white fish (Rutilus frisii kutum) with morpholine (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25233 | 18721 | 2018-09-06 06:08:51 | 25233 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: During last two decades 200 million of kutum fingerlings were released into the Caspian Sea Rivers annually. Morpholine as retrieving agent were used by many researchers for homing of fishes. To understand the effects of morpholine on fisheries return of kutum fishes a project with use of tagging method was approved in2004 and its first phase started in 2005. Brooders were selected from Khoshkrud River and breeding were done in shahid ansari hatchery, Rasht. Totally 15930 fishes were subjected for this study. 5480 fingerlings (4-5g.) were used for determining the dose effects of morpholine (3 treatments 5x10^*-2, 5x10^*-5 , 5x10^*-7 mg/lit) in return rate and homing of fishes. Results revealed that there were significant differences between kutum return rate exposed with 5x10^*-5 mg/lit (0.62 %) with other treatments i.e. : 5x10^*-7 ، (0.15%) and 5x10^*-2 (0.37%) during the experimented period(P〈0.001). To determine the critical period for imprinting of morpholine 10450 kutum fishes were exposed to 5x10^*-5 mg/lit of morpholine in different growth stages(yolk sac fry ,active fry, 2-3-g. fingerlings , 4-5 g. fingerling ).Results showed significant difference between kutum return rate in active fry stage(1 %) compare to other stages i.e. , yolk sac fry (0.23%) , 2-3- g. fingerling(0.23%) , 4-5 g. fingerling (0.26%) and control(0.13) during the tree years of experiment(P〈0.001). There were significant difference in sex ratio [M(1.42): F(1)] in recaptured kutums in khoshkrud river (x_2=6.4 α= 0.05 df= 1).Recapturing rate were 6.7 % compare to recapture rate during last 5 year(5%) revealed that morpholine can be used for return rate enhancing of kutum.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Kutum ; Tagging ; Return rate ; Morpholine ; Rutilus frisii kutum ; Fingerlings ; Imprinting
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  • 95
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    Marking Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) using new method and tracking them under 10 m depth in the sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25240 | 18721 | 2018-09-06 06:10:05 | 25240 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The second phase of the project entitled Marking Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) using new method and tracking them under 10 m depth in the sea was approved in 2004. This project which terminated in April 2009 was carried out during 2004 to 2008 to track coded wire tagged (CWT) sturgeons under 10 m depth. Among the specimens caught, three were juvenile Persian sturgeon tagged in the first phase (2003) were caught in the second phase (2004). The data related to tagging & capture of sturgeon from 2003 to 2008 is included. Totally, 426325 specimens of Persian sturgeon were tagged in 3 weight classes (〉3g, 3 to 5g and 6 to 10g). Among the population studied, 101500 of them belonged to specimens of 2003 which were tagged by three hatcheries; Shahid Beheshti, Shahid Rajaee & Shahid Marjani and then released into the rivers (Sefidrud, Tajan & Gorganrud) entering the Caspian Sea. During 2004 to 2008, 324825 specimens were tagged in Shahid Beheshti hatchery and released into the Sefidrud River. Gill net were used to catch the tagged Persian sturgeon specimens under 10m depth. During 2003 to 2008, 3616 Persian sturgeon were captured of which 43 juveniles bore CWT. Among the captured CWT sturgeons, 23 specimens belonged to the 6-10 g weight class, 19 specimens belonged to the 3 to 5g weight class and one sturgeon was 〉3g. Based on the results, it can be concluded that higher weight at releasing time can lead to higher survival rate and fisheries returns. Some other factors that influence catch rate of CWT sturgeons are as follows: Catch station (highest catch rates in Persian sturgeon juveniles belonged to Chaboksar station), catch season (highest catch rates were recorded in summer which can be attributed to the release of juveniles), catch depth (in winter highest catch occurred at 5 to 10m depth, in other seasons highest catch number was recorded at 3 to 5m depth. Decrease in water temperature is the reason for higher catch numbers at 5 to 10m depth in winter. Also, mesh size can effect on catch rate (highest catch rate belongs to nets with 22mm mesh size). Statistical analysis of results showed significant difference (p〈0.05) among the various groups studied. Existence of illegal catch nets in the river can also cause mortality of the released juveniles.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; SefidRud River ; Tajan River ; Gorganrud River ; Tagging ; CWT ; Persian sturgeon ; Juvenile ; Releasing ; Acipenser persicus ; Specimens ; Population ; Mortality
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  • 96
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    Study on biology (age, feeding and, reproductive) of (Cyprinus carpio, Linnaeus 1758) in south coastal line Caspian Sea (Iranian waters) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25236 | 18721 | 2018-09-06 06:13:15 | 25236 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The Caspian Sea is the biggest lacustrine water source. Common carp is very important commercially in south coastal line of Iranian Caspian Sea waters, especially in east coastal line, because eighty percent annual catch of this species has been caught in this area in particular. Despite the common carp importance and value in Iran, but there is a little information about its biology in natural system. This study is comprehensive research on reproduction, growth and feeding. The specimens were caught by beach seine net in coastal line of Iranian waters. The fork length ranged between 5.6 and 2866.2 g. The b value of the length-weight relationship ranged from 2.843 to 2.924 for female and male, respectively. The age composition of the specimens was from 1 to 11 year. The Gonadosomatic ratio (GSR) changed from 2 to 12. There were two peaks of GSR in April and December, so that the latter peak was much shorter than the first that. Fecundity variations were high and ranged 77448 to 430745 eggs. It observed linear significant correlation in fecundity- weight (r=0.98) and fecundity-length (r=0.88) relationships. Average growth in length was described with the Von Bertalanffy growth model: L (t) = 60.5(1-exp (0.19(t-0.65). The percent of empty stomach and prey dominant evaluated during different seasons by specific formula result showed that in Cyprinus carpio prey Molluscs was dominated and specific food items. Empty stomachs in winter and spring were higher and lower, respectively.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Iranian waters ; Cyprinus carpio ; Spawning ; Feeding ; Growth ; Common carp ; Biology ; Age ; Coastal line
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  • 97
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    Investigation on feeding of sardines and major tuna fishes in west of Oman Sea (Jask area) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25241 | 18721 | 2018-09-06 06:15:43 | 25241 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Feeding habits of three dominant species of tuna fishes (Thunnus tonggol, Thunnus albacares, Euthynnus affinis) and dominant species of sardine (Sardinella sindensis) were investigated from December 2006 to November 2007 in the western waters of Oman Sea. Seasonally samples of three species of these tuna and monthly samples of sardine were collected. Feeding studies on 101 longtail tuna (T.tonggol) indicated that the bony fishes were main food of this species (98.3%) and followed by random foods included cephalopods (1.7%) and crustaceans (1.7%). Among the bony fishes, anchovy (66 %) and sardines (25.9 %) were most important than the other fishes. FI and CV for this species were calculated 26.4 and 21.8 respectively. Stomach content analysis of 85 specimens of E.affinis demonstrated that bony fishes were only food for this species (100%). Sardines (49.3%) and anchovy (11.9%) were foremost food items for E.affinis. Moreover FI and CV were calculated 64.7 and 15.3 correspondingly. The stomach of 120 yellowfin tuna (T.albacares) were analyze. Results showed that bony fishes,cephalopods and crustaceans were formed food items of this species .Yellowfin tuna were preferable fed on bony fishes (87.7%) specially sardines(41.2%),flying fish(13.9%)and M.cordyla(10.4%) and followed by cephalopoda (43.8%) specifically Loligo sp.(84.5%) and crustaceans(11.2%) . FI and CV were calculated 38.3 and 25.8.Study on 320 stomachs were determined that zooplankton and phytoplankton formed food of S.sindensis. Zooplankton (crustacean and molluscs) were main food (90%) and phytoplankton (Bacillariophyceae and Dynophyceae) were least food items (10%). Copepoda (crustaceans) with 58% were preferable food and bivalves and after that bivalves (molluscs) with 14%, Bacillariophyceae (8%) and Cyanophyceae (2%) CV and FI were 30.3 and 29.4 respectively.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Oman Sea ; Jask ; Feeding Habits ; Stomach content ; Thunnus albacares ; Thunnus tonggol ; Euthynnus affinis ; Sardinella sindensis ; Species ; Tuna ; Samples ; T.tonggol ; Cephalopods ; Crustaceans ; Anchovy ; Phytoplankton ; Zooplankton
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  • 98
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    Biomass estimation of demersal resources in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea by Swept Area Method (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25242 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 07:17:16 | 25242 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Regarding to monitor of demersal resources in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea, and also biomass and CPUA estimation of them, a series of research cruises (5 cruises per year) were carried out by R/V Ferdows-1covering the area from 49 00 E in the west (Khoozestan provice) to 61 25 E in the east (Gwater) in a 5 years program form 2004 up to 2008 (no cruise in 2006). The study area was stratified into 17 strata (A to Q) of which 10 starta (A to J) were in the Persian Gulf and 7 strata (K to Q) were in the Oman Sea, covering the depths of 10-50m in the Persian Gulf and 10-100m in the Oman Sea. A total of 316 stations were randomly selected. The biomass and CPUA were estimated by Swept Area method. The comparison between two regions indicated that the percentage of density of demersal fishes in the Persian Gulf during years 2004, 2005, 2007 and 2008 were 3.3, 3.9, 2.3 and 2.4 times more than the Oman Sea and totally 70-80% of total biomass was calculated for the Persian Gulf. Also a comparison among 17 starta, the highest biomass was found for starta C & D in the Bushehr province waters. The amount of CPUA for both regions of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea was compared and it was concluded that in years 2004 and 2005, the mean CPUA in the Persian Gulf was partially higher than the Oman Sea with 1.06 & 1.20 times more; and on the contrary for the next two years this value was higher in the Oman Sea with 1.3 times more. The highest CPUA of demersal resources for the Oman Sea belonged to the strata K & O for years 2004, 2007 and 2008 and for year 2005 was for L and strata. It can be concluded that the north-west of Oman Sea has the best condition of biomass of commercial and non-commercial species and the O stratum will be in the second ranking. With review the mean CPUA in different depth-layers for years 2004, 2005, 2007 and 2008, it was concluded that with increasing the depth, the mean CPUA is decreased in which the CPUA values in depth-layer 10-20m for these years were 8.3, 3.0, 2.1 & 1.6 times more than depth-layer 50-100m. The comparison of mean CPUA for 10 strata of the Persian Gulf showed that in years 2004 and 2005, the mean CPUA of demersal fishes in the Hormuzgan province waters was higher than in Bushehr province waters (1.2 times more). In total, the highest maen CPUA belonged to F (Naiband to Mogham) and G (Mogham to Farour) in Hormuzgan waters. On the contrary, in years 2007 and 2008 this value in Bushehr waters was 1.3 times higher than western part of Hormuzgan waters with the highest value in D stratum(Boordekhoon to Dayyer). Also the comparison of mean CPUA for different depth-layers, it was found that the mean CPUA has ascending trend with increasing the depth, with the highest value in depth-laer of 30-50m in which contains the 55-68% of total biomass. The lowest biomass is found in depth-layers of 10-30m. Totally, the minimum CPUA and biomass for both commercial and non-commercial species belonged to a stratum located in Khouzestan province waters and it was shown the over-exploitation of resources in this area. The comparison between commercial and non-commercial groups in both ecosystems , it was concluded that the density of commercial species was higher than non-commercial ones , and in all years the Persian Gulf indicated higher values than the Oman Sea.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Oman Sea ; Khouzestan province ; Bushehr province ; Hormuzgan province ; Biomass ; Demersal resources ; Swept Area Method ; Density ; Fishes ; CPUA ; Species
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  • 99
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    Biological studies of fishes (Clupeidae, Rutilus frisi kutum, Liza auratus, Cyprinus carpio, Chalchalburnus chalcoides, Vimba vimba, Abramis brama, Sander lucioperca & Liza saliens) of southern Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25246 | 18721 | 2018-09-06 06:16:25 | 25246 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: During the past decades the environmental status of the Caspian Sea has changed. Therefore, study on the biological structure such as: age, growth, Lm50%, feeding of fishes is necessary. In the present study the biological characteristics of some commercial important species including kilka, kutum, golden grey mullet and carp were studied during 2006-2010. Kutum, golden grey mullet and carp predominated in the catch composition of bonyfishes, representing 61.3, 29.6 and 7.6% of the total catch. The average fork lengths of kutum, golden grey mullet and carp were 38.4, 32.7 and 36.7 cm, and weights were 784.5, 411.0 and 977.0 g, respectively. The values of b in length-weight relationships were 3.02 and 2.97 for kutum and golden grey mullet indicating an isometric growth. The value b for carp was 2.89, indicating an allomertic growth. The maximum age of three species was 12 years. Von Bertalanffy growth equations were estimated as: for kutum: for golden grey mullet: and for carp: The sex ratio of three species showed that females were dominant. Spawning migratory of kutum was started in March. The gonadosomatic index value of kutum peaked in March and April. The spawning season of carp expended from March to August. The gonadosomatic index value of golden grey mullet peaked in September and then declined in November and December. Absolute fecundity of kutum, golden grey mullet and carp were 64400, 700800 and 131000 eggs, respectively. Length maturity (Lm50%) of three species were 39.07, 28.4 and 31.6 cm, respectively. The highest feeding intensity (Gastrosomatic index=GSI) for females and males were 313.9 ± 65.9 and 350.7±103.7 in October; and the lowest value of GSI were 19.4 ±59.2 and 144.1±85.04 in March, respectively. There are significant different between GSI with male and female in difference months (P〈0.05). Main prey mature of Kutum was Cerastoderma lamarki; Gastropoda and Balanus were subordinate, and Crab, Hypanis, Fish (Neogobous sp.) Algae, egg, and scale were random preys. Planktone groups comprise to Exuviaella, Nitzchia, Osillatoria, Synedra, Nematoda, Navicolla, Diatoma, Rholcosphenia were preys juvenile of Kutum. Based on ISI (Important species index), Cerastoderma lamarki and Balanus were dominant species in feeding of Kutum. The percent of empty stomach and prey dominant evaluated during different seasons by specific formula result showed that in Cyprinus carpio prey Molluscs was dominated and specific food items. Empty stomachs in winter and spring were higher and lower, respectively. The results showed that catch of kilka decreased from 22300 mt in 2006 to 16700 mt in 2008, but the CPUE increased from 1.7 mt (Vessel×Night) to 2.5 mt, due to decrease of effort, respectively. The length frequency of three species of kilka is close and the juvenile fish did not see in catch. The age frequency had the same situation as fish lower than 2 years was not in the samples of anchovy and bigeye kilka. The parameters of the von Bertalanffy growth curve were: For common kilka: L =136.5 cm, K=0.249 yr^-1 and t0= -1.89 yr^-1 for bigeye kilka: L =148. cm, K=0.346 yr^-1 and t0= -1.123 yr^-1 and for anchovy kilka: L =131.7 cm, K=0.375 yr^-1 and t0= -1.243 yr^-1 the exploitation rate of anchovy, bigeye and common kilka were 0.51, 0.58 and 0.6, respectively. The highest of GSI for common and bigeye was recorded in May and March, respectively. For anchovy kilka it was in July and November. Main prey of anchovy and common kilka was Acartia tonsa and for bigeye kilka it was Cypris balanus. We concluded that the ecological problems caused by Mnemiopsis leidyi as well as overfishing have been collapsed kilka stocks, particularly anchovy. Therefore, sustainable fisheries management and conservation biodiversity in the Caspian Sea are real challenges now.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Growth ; Species ; Kilka kutum ; Bonyfish ; Sex ratio ; Spawning ; Gonadosomatic ; Maturity ; GSI ; Hypanis ; Neogobous sp. ; Algae ; Nitzchia ; Cyprinus carpio ; Diatoma ; Clupeidae ; Rutilus frisi kutum ; Liza auratus ; Chalchalburnus chalcoides ; Vimba vimba ; Abramis brama ; Sander lucioperca ; Liza saliens ; Fish
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  • 100
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    Study of kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) population using mtDNA with PCR (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25249 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 07:25:04 | 25249 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Study of Mahisefid population using mtDNA with PCR Mahisefid diversity was studied in four rivers including Lamir, Sefidrood, Shirrood and Tajan. Total sample was collected from four rivers when fish migrat to river for spawning, 100 samples from Sefidrood, 98 samples from Lamir, 48 samples from Shirrood and 48 samples from Tajan. DNA was extracted with phenolcholorophorm. Samples were used for RFLP, the PCR product were digested by 20 restriction enzymes as follow: TasI, HaeIII, HinfI, HincII, SalI, DraI, AccI, AvaII, XhaI, BshNI, AvaI, BclI, BshII, MspI, PstI, RsaI, SdnI, TaqI, TruI, VspI. The four restriction enzymes including: TasI, HaeIII, HinfI, HincII showed diversity, 6 enzyme didn t have any restriction and 14 enzyme showed monomorphic. Total 20 haplotype studied that haplotype AAAA and BAAA had most frequency. The average haplotype frequency of AAAA was 29.93% and the average haplotype frequency of BAAA was 27.55%. 2- Study of population of Mahisefid with microsatellite markers 120 specimens of R.frissi kutum were used from four rivers to test thirty primers (30 samples from each river) of which 8 primers showed polymorphism. A large variation in heterozygosity average over all samples was observed among loci, that ranged from 0.13 to 0.91. For a given locus, observed heterozygosity varied greatly among the samples. For example, in Lamir 0.07 at SPY5 and 1 in Sefid Rud at CA1. Tajan had an observed heterozygosity of only 0.17, whilst the Lamir had an observed heterozygosity of 0.07 at locus SPY5. At locus SPY4, Tajan and Sefid Rud are the same and (0.53) and Shir Rud is 0.83 and Lamir is 0.47. However, despite these differences, there was clear difference in average heterozygosity observed between the samples. To investigated of Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium in all locus and all rivers deviate showed from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium was significantly different ( P〈0.01)except in SPY6 locus. The maximum average Ho was 0.91 in locus CA1 and minimum was 0.13 in locus SYP5 and maximum average of He was 0.89 in locus SYP4 and minimum was 0.28 in locus SYP6. Highest Ho was 1 in locus CA1 in Sefid Rud River and lowest was 0.07 in locus SYP5 in Lamir River , highest He was 0.92 in locus SYP4 in Shir Rud River and lowest was 0.24 in locus SYP6 in Tajan River. According to Nei (1978) the highest genetic distance was between Shir Rud River and Tajan River (0.07) and lowest genetic distance was between Sefid Rud River and Tajan River (0.05). The highest genetic similarity was between Sefid Rud River and Tajan River (0.95) and the lowest genetic similarity was between Shir Rud River and Tajan River (0.93). FST was significantly different (P 〉 0.05) between all samples except Lamir River and Sefid Rud River. The highest Fis was in Lamir River (0.84) in locus SPY5 and in Sefid Rud River in locus SPY5 (0.71), in locus CA12 (0.67) in Shir Rud River and SPY5 (0.63) in Tajan River. The lowest Fis is in locus CA1 (-0.55) in Sefid Rud River, in locus CA1 (-0.47) in Tajan River, in locus CA1 (-0.28) in Lamir River and in locus SPY6 (0.16) in Shir Rud River.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Lamir River ; Sefidrood River ; Shirrood River ; Tajan River ; Rutilus frisii kutum ; Population ; mtDNA ; PCR ; Diversity ; Sample ; Migrate ; Phenolcholorophorm ; R.frissi kutum ; Equilibrium
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