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  • 1
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    Peptone production from marine and culture wastes by commercial enzymes for bacterial culture media (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Thirty to 40% of total fish catch is converted to waste. Using different methods of hydrolysis of the protein can be recovered of fish waste and increase the amount of protein efficiency. In this study, the four enzymes Alcalase , protamex , pepsin and trypsin were used for hydrolysis of four fish species including common carp (Cyprinus carpio) , silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) , grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and the Big head (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis). The effects of pH, temperature and hydrolysis time on the rate of hydrolysis were studied on soluble proteins and degree of hydrolysis (phase I ). In the second step, proximate factors of peptone been evaluated and eventually replace commercial peptone media MRS ( Lactobacillus plantarum , Lactobacillus delberuki , Lactobacillus casei , Streptococcus thermophilus ) and TSB ( Listeria monocytogenes, two species of Bacillus and Pseudomonas, Streptococcus faecium) and the optical density of bacteria at different times were compared with control samples . Results showed that the highest degree of hydrolysis and soluble proteins were referred to alcalase and protamex, pepsin and trypsin respectively. The highest value of hydrolysis, in all treatments, was attributed to grass carp and silver carp, common carp and big head respectively. The best pH and temperature for alcalase, protamex, pepsin and trypsin 8.5and 55, 7.5 and 55, 3.5, 37, 7 and 37 respectively. Best time to achieve the highest degree of hydrolysis and soluble protein was 90 minutes. Qualitative analysis showed that the highest and lowest amounts of protein and fat in the treatment of alcalase (about 70 % protein and less than 0.5 % fat ) and protamex, pepsin and trypsin was then . The results of bacteria culture showed that the highest percentage growth of lactic acid bacteria was referred to Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus casei had the lowest rate of growth. In other bacteria, Pseudomonas and Bacillus species were the highest percentage of growth and Listeria monocytogenes and Streptococcus faecium respectively. In all treatments, alcalase had the best results and the peptone prepared from fish waste grass carp had the best condition for growth of used bacteria. It seems that the initial substrate , the parameters used such as temperature, pH, and enzyme hydrolysis time , have a significant effect on the quality of peptone and protein content in the final product is determined value of protein for culture of bacteria.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Commercial ; Warm water ; Protease enzymes ; Bacteria ; Degree of hydrolysis ; Soluble proteins ; Fish waste ; Peptone ; Marine ; Culture ; Alcalase ; Protamex ; Pepsin ; Common carp ; Cyprinus carpio ; Silver Carp ; Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ; Grass carp ; Ctenopharyngodon idella ; Big head ; Hypophthalmichthys nobilis
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 92pp.
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  • 2
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    Evaluation of stocking density vannamei shrimp Litopenaeus Vannamei (Boone, 1931) in cultuering with brackish water of Caspian Sea (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Recently, the development of aquaculture has focused on the use of seawater, because of freshwater crisis in the world. Whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus Vannamei) is one of the most important species for aquaculture development, because of tolerance and adaptation to different ecological conditions. One of the advantages of species in aquaculture, compatibility status is dense in the rearing period. In this study, the effect of different densities (45/m2 , 50/m2 , 55/m2 and 60/m2 ), of primary stock whiteleg shrimp postlarvae (PL12) on the growth and survival rate were evaluated. Brackish water (10.52±0.43 ppt) was providing from Caspian Sea. The experiments were performed in 12 circular concrete pond with a sandy bed (area: 78m2 ) in four treatments and three replications for each treatment. The experiments performed in a 75-day period. In this study, the water temperature was 27.4±1.79°C. The results showed statistically difference in growth parameters and survival rate among experimental treatments (Duncan test, P〈0.05). Therefore, with high levels of density, has decreased the amount of weight gain and survival rate (SR), specific growth rate (SGR) and average daily growth (ADG). In addition, the treatments were different variations of FCR (P〈0.05) and not depend on the primary stock density of postlarvae. In low density (45/m2 ) were observed the highest growth (SGR=11±0.04 and ADG=0.25±0.01 gr/day/ind.), survival rate and calculate the amount of production per 78m2 equal 43.6±3.3kg (5596±433kg/ha). Therefore, It is possibility that there is commonly increasing primary stocking of density about L. Vannamei postlarvae culture in Iran.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Ecological ; White shrimp ; Litopenaeus vannamei ; Brackish water ; Growth ; Survival ; Aquaculture
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 34pp.
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  • 3
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    The percentage determination of Rutilus frisii kutum (200, 500 and 1000 mg) resistance to salinity, turbidity and decrease of oxygen by usage of the river water at the releasing meantime (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The survey effect of salinity, turbidity and dissolved oxygen performed on Rutilus frisii Kutum juveniles with aim, which was determined about survival rate and histological changes in gill and kidney tissues. Juveniles provided from the Rajai's fish propagation center and then examined in Caspian Sea Ecology Research Center laboratory. The juveniles were investigated on three weight group (200-〈400, 400-〈600, 600-〈1000 mg) and two dissolved oxygen levels (7.6 ± 0.19, 3.8 ± 0.15 mg/L)in fresh water and Caspian sea water(12.5 ppt). Also, six turbidity levels (50 FTU, 430FTU, 2600 FTU, 7800 FTU, 15600 FTU) were probed in freshwater during 168hr. Each treatment has three replications. The factorial test evaluated for survival rate in treatments. The results shown that there was a significant difference among treatments in the different levels of factors, (p〈0.05, Duncan test). The juveniles' survival rate has decreased than control treatment in brackish water and turbidity in freshwater. It was demonstrated that with increasing fish weight, therefore, the survival rate is increased. The lowest survival rates under salinity stress (〉75%) had shown in 400-〈600mg weight group with dissolve oxygen: 3.8±0.15SE mg/l. In addition, the lowest survival rates under turbidity stress (95.83%) had shown that in weight group less than 400 mg with turbidity 15600 FTU. Therefore, survival of juveniles was high. However, gill tissue of juveniles under turbidity and salinity stress became short (necrosis) and thick (edema and hyperplasia) in the end of experiments. The juveniles gill tissues were not changes in the river clear freshwater. Therefore, the factors of gill tissue deformation were salinity and suspended particles in the water. However, the structures of kidney in the different groups of juveniles were similar. Nevertheless, juveniles glomerular diameter increased with increasing weight (p〈0.05, Duncan test). Furthermore, there was a increasing the internal cavity of the proximal and distal tubules and decreasing of glomeruli in diameter in the transfer of juveniles from freshwater to brackish water. Although the survival rate of juveniles is acceptable in this study, but there was abnormal changes in the structure of them gills. It appears that this change will cause a disruption in trend of juvenile's growth.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Ecology ; Rutilus frisii Kutum ; Juvenile ; Salinity ; Turbidity ; Oxygen ; Survey ; Survival rate ; Gill tissue ; Freshwater ; Brackishwater
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 71pp.
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  • 4
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    Biological control of bloom algae in the southern of Caspian Sea (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In recent years the incidence of algal blooms caused by Nodularia to become one of the serious problems and is threated life of aquatic organisms in the southern Caspian Sea. Nodularia is a Blue-green algae (cyanobacteria group) and due to production of nodularin toxin is importance. In this study, the first, three species of Pseudomonas including aeruginosa, putida and fluorescens were isolated from Tajan river estuary and identified using biochemical tests and compared to standard species. The trend of Nodularia spumigena biomass (log 5) and pseudomonas species (log 7 and 8) were examined in 30 treatments for 10 days in aquarium scale. Parameters such as chlorophyll a, dissolved oxygen, phosphate and nitrate were tested at different time the same time. The results showed that the decline trend of nodularia in aeruginosa and mixed species treatments were better than other treatments and log 8 of bacterium was also more inhibitory effect than to log 7. Similar results were observed in double layer on agar medium and latter treatments had algaecide effect on nodularia. However, putida and fluorescens treatments had algaestatic properties. Concentration of chlorophyll a, dissolved oxygen and nitrate in all treatments, especially aeruginosa and mixed bacteria have been often decreased (p〈0.05). Changes of latter factors in control treatment have been relatively consistent. Although the phosphate changes at different time of relative decline, but nevertheless significant differences were observed. The parameters examined in this study were in direct contact with the algae population and decrease or increase of these factors cause significant change in algae biomass. The conclusion showed that different strains of pseudomonas are able to reduce the population of algae N. spumigena in aquarium scale and the results observed in combination treatment were better than other treatments. The challenge examination of pseudomonas and nodularia in mesocosm scale, evaluation of bacterial metabolites, and also quality and quantity analysis of chemical and biological factors involved in the process is recommended and with achieve reasonable results can be made from this indicator bacteria during algal bloom in the larger ecosystem.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Nodularia ; Pseudomonas ; Algal bloom ; Biological control
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 42pp.
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  • 5
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    Stimulation of osmoregulation system and comparison growth performance of Rutilus Kutum (less than a gram) with using salty diet at freshwater (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In this research was used sodium chloride in feed supplement to stimulate ion- osmotic regulation system of Rutilus Kutum juveniles (about one gram) in fresh water environment.The purpose of this experiment was to improve survival and growth ability of juveniles’ fish in brackish water during times of transition. The initial average weightes of Juveniles’ fish were 0.91±0.01 g (mean±SE). Experiments carried out in two phases. In step one, the Juveniles’ fish were kept for 15 days in fresh water and fed with commercial diet plus NaCl supplement (control without NaCl supplement, 5, 7 and 10 percent) in four treatments, each treatment inclusive three replication. In the second step, the fish transferred to brackish water (12.5 psu) and fed for 28 days with a commercial diet (without NaCl supplement). The results showed that no change compared to control treatment in renal tissue in step one. The difference between the kidneys were not in fish fed with NaCl supplement and without it. Nevertheless, a significant difference was observed between the size of the glomeruli and renal tubules between fresh and brackish water environments (between stage one and two), (P〈0.05). In step one, were observed in the gill accessory cells in treatments fed salt supplements. At the end of the second step, the number of gill chloride cells in fish fed with salt supplementation was more than control (P〈0.05). In addition, the highest and lowest weight gain was obtained in treatment two and four respectively (P〈0.05), and no significant difference was observed between control and treatment 3 (P〉0.05). The results showed that the fish fed dietary supplements of sodium chloride 10% versus the control treatment had less weight gain. Therefore, the was obtained the highest weight gain and growth performance (condition factor, specific growth rate) and the highest feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio and the lowest feed conversion ratio in treatment 2 with the feeding of 5% NaCl in dietary supplements.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Rutilus Kutum ; Juvenile ; Salinity ; Turbidity ; Growth ; Gill ; Kidney
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 56pp.
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  • 6
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    The comparative study on vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) culture using brackish water of the Caspian Sea and saline water of the Persian Gulf (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Shrimp culture is one of the important fields in aquaculture which supply a part of necessary animal protein needed by the human being. Due to the limited catch of shrimp from the sea, its culture increasingly was considered. Shrimp culture industry was spreading quickly in developed and developing countries. The aim of this study was determine the bionormative parameters of vannamei shrimp culture using Caspian Sea brakish water in Mazandaran province, comparing the growth parameters of vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei) shrimp culture with Caspian Sea brackish water and saline water of Persian Gulf and also possibility of introduction a new aquatic spciese for rereaing in Mazandaran province. The Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei reared with the brackish water (10±0.43ppt) of the Caspian Sea in Mazandaran province and the Caspian Sea Ecological Research Iinstitute in summer 1391. In this study, post larvae-12 was prepared from Boshehr province. Initially, post larvae in brackish water were gradually adopted. The density of 35 per square pieces in an earthen pond (1000m2) was stocking.The rearing time was 85 days. Average daily growths: 0.31±0.037g; final mean weight: 21.11±0.71; Feed conversion ratio: 0.79 and final yield: 531kg were determined. In addition the experiment of 2012, the results of Mazandaran province vannamei shrimp culture, were observed in 2014 and 2015, the average weight average daily growing and FCR % were 20-18 g and 0.68 - 0.77 respectively during 90 days culture period with harvesting of 40 PL /m2 at cement culture pond. In 2014, average weight, average daily growing and FCR % were 22.6 g and 0.7, respectively during 60 days culture period with harvesting of 18 PL /m2 at earthen pond in Mazandaran province. Then the results of this study, wwere compared with scientific- research reports in field of vannamei shrimp culture from institute and fisheries research centers of south (Bushehr province) and north (Golestan province) of Iran. Important shrimp culture parameters were used in this comparing specially, growth parameters (average weight, average daily growing and survival rate), FCR, final crop, production per hectare and the best harvesting. Therefore, based on initial hypothesis and acquired results, was observred that, vannamie shrimp was reared well using Caspian Sea brakish water in Mazandaran province. In addition, it seems that, vannamei shrimp was gained better results in Mazandaran province compared to two other provinces, because of suitable climate conditions specially water salinity.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Vannamei shrimp ; Rereaing ; Saline water ; Brackish water ; Litopenaeus vannamei ; Shrimp culture
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 54pp.
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  • 7
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    The percentage determination of Rutilus frisii kutum (200, 500 and 1000 mg) resistance to salinity, turbidity and decrease of oxygen by usage of the river water at the releasing meantime (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25442 | 18721 | 2018-09-25 11:07:11 | 25442 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The survey effect of salinity, turbidity and dissolved oxygen performed on Rutilus frisii Kutum juveniles with aim, which was determined about survival rate and histological changes in gill and kidney tissues. Juveniles provided from the Rajai's fish propagation center and then examined in Caspian Sea Ecology Research Center laboratory. The juveniles were investigated on three weight group (200-〈400, 400-〈600, 600-〈1000 mg) and two dissolved oxygen levels (7.6 ± 0.19, 3.8 ± 0.15 mg/L)in fresh water and Caspian sea water(12.5 ppt). Also, six turbidity levels (50 FTU, 430FTU, 2600 FTU, 7800 FTU, 15600 FTU) were probed in freshwater during 168hr. Each treatment has three replications. The factorial test evaluated for survival rate in treatments. The results shown that there was a significant difference among treatments in the different levels of factors, (p〈0.05, Duncan test). The juveniles' survival rate has decreased than control treatment in brackish water and turbidity in freshwater. It was demonstrated that with increasing fish weight, therefore, the survival rate is increased. The lowest survival rates under salinity stress (〉75%) had shown in 400-〈600mg weight group with dissolve oxygen: 3.8±0.15SE mg/l. In addition, the lowest survival rates under turbidity stress (95.83%) had shown that in weight group less than 400 mg with turbidity 15600 FTU. Therefore, survival of juveniles was high. However, gill tissue of juveniles under turbidity and salinity stress became short (necrosis) and thick (edema and hyperplasia) in the end of experiments. The juveniles gill tissues were not changes in the river clear freshwater. Therefore, the factors of gill tissue deformation were salinity and suspended particles in the water. However, the structures of kidney in the different groups of juveniles were similar. Nevertheless, juveniles glomerular diameter increased with increasing weight (p〈0.05, Duncan test). Furthermore, there was a increasing the internal cavity of the proximal and distal tubules and decreasing of glomeruli in diameter in the transfer of juveniles from freshwater to brackish water. Although the survival rate of juveniles is acceptable in this study, but there was abnormal changes in the structure of them gills. It appears that this change will cause a disruption in trend of juvenile's growth.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Rutilus frisii Kutum ; Juvenile ; Salinity ; Turbidity ; Oxygen ; Survey ; Survival rate ; Gill tissue ; Freshwater ; Brackishwater
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 71
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  • 8
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    Study on environmental of Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) ponds culture with brackish water of Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25828 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 10:19:08 | 25828 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Different studies on Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) has performed in Iran, but less noted in water quality conditions. Water quality, in addition to creating optimal environment for the growth of vannamei shrimp, as well as cause the live food production and improve economic performance are produced. This study was conducted to evaluate the water quality environment vannamei shrimp in the south of Caspian Sea (Mazandaran province) and in the Caspian Ecology Research Center. The results showed that the enrichment of water out of the ponds, can provide favorable conditions for water quality in the culture of vannamei shrimp with different densities. As a result, Mazandaran province environmental conditions (particularly temperature and salinity of the Caspian Sea) has perfectly suited for optimal growth vannamei shrimp. Therefore, vannamei shrimp (PL12) achieved a final individual weight of 21.1gr in a period culture of 85-day with a density of 35 ind/m^2. Also, The nutrients and water quality parameters (Temperature: 27.4±1.79 ° C, Transparency: 10.7±1.2 cm, Salinity: 10.57±0.78 psu, pH: 8.42±0.38, Dissolved Oxygen 8.04±1.35 mg per liter) were within normal limits during the culture period.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Ecology ; Environment ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Mazandaran Province ; Whiteleg shrimp ; Litopenaeus vannamei ; Salinity ; Physicochemical ; Shrimp
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 40
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  • 9
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    Peptone production from marine and culture wastes by commercial enzymes for bacterial culture media (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25648 | 18721 | 2018-10-08 07:22:08 | 25648 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Thirty to 40% of total fish catch is converted to waste. Using different methods of hydrolysis of the protein can be recovered of fish waste and increase the amount of protein efficiency. In this study, the four enzymes Alcalase, protamex, pepsin and trypsin were used for hydrolysis of four fish species including common carp (Cyprinus carpio), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and the Big head (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis). The effects of pH, temperature and hydrolysis time on the rate of hydrolysis were studied on soluble proteins and degree of hydrolysis (phase I). In the second step, proximate factors of peptone been evaluated and eventually replace commercial peptone media MRS (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus delberuki, Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus thermophilus) and TSB (Listeria monocytogenes, two species of Bacillus and Pseudomonas, Streptococcus faecium) and the optical density of bacteria at different times were compared with control samples. Results showed that the highest degree of hydrolysis and soluble proteins were referred to alcalase and protamex, pepsin and trypsin respectively. The highest value of hydrolysis, in all treatments, was attributed to grass carp and silver carp, common carp and big head respectively. The best pH and temperature for alcalase, protamex, pepsin and trypsin 8.5and 55, 7.5 and 55, 3.5, 37, 7 and 37 respectively. Best time to achieve the highest degree of hydrolysis and soluble protein was 90 minutes. Qualitative analysis showed that the highest and lowest amounts of protein and fat in the treatment of alcalase (about 70 % protein and less than 0.5 % fat) and protamex, pepsin and trypsin was then. The results of bacteria culture showed that the highest percentage growth of lactic acid bacteria was referred to Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus casei had the lowest rate of growth. In other bacteria, Pseudomonas and Bacillus species were the highest percentage of growth and Listeria monocytogenes and Streptococcus faecium respectively. In all treatments, alcalase had the best results and the peptone prepared from fish waste grass carp had the best condition for growth of used bacteria. It seems that the initial substrate , the parameters used such as temperature, pH, and enzyme hydrolysis time , have a significant effect on the quality of peptone and protein content in the final product is determined value of protein for culture of bacteria.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Warm water ; Protease enzymes ; Bacteria ; Degree of hydrolysis ; Soluble proteins ; Fish waste ; Peptone ; Marine ; Culture ; Alcalase ; Protamex ; Pepsin ; Common carp ; Cyprinus carpio ; Silver Carp ; Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ; Grass carp ; Ctenopharyngodon idella ; Big head ; Hypophthalmichthys nobilis
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 92
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  • 10
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    Evaluation of stocking density vannamei shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) in culturing with brackish water of Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25683 | 18721 | 2018-10-14 03:11:33 | 25683 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Recently, the development of aquaculture has focused on the use of seawater, because of freshwater crisis in the world. Whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is one of the most important species for aquaculture development, because of tolerance and adaptation to different ecological conditions. One of the advantages of species in aquaculture, compatibility status is dense in the rearing period. In this study, the effect of different densities (45/m^2 , 50/m^2 , 55/m^2 and 60/m^2 ), of primary stock whiteleg shrimp postlarvae (PL12) on the growth and survival rate were evaluated. Brackish water (10.52±0.43 ppt) was providing from Caspian Sea. The experiments were performed in 12 circular concrete pond with a sandy bed (area: 78m^2 ) in four treatments and three replications for each treatment. The experiments performed in a 75-day period. In this study, the water temperature was 27.4±1.79°C. The results showed statistically difference in growth parameters and survival rate among experimental treatments (Duncan test, P〈0.05). Therefore, with high levels of density, has decreased the amount of weight gain and survival rate (SR), specific growth rate (SGR) and average daily growth (ADG). In addition, the treatments were different variations of FCR (P〈0.05) and not depend on the primary stock density of postlarvae. In low density (45/m^2 ) were observed the highest growth (SGR=11±0.04 and ADG=0.25±0.01 gr/day/ind.), survival rate and calculate the amount of production per 78m2 equal 43.6±3.3kg (5596±433kg/ha). Therefore, It is possibility that there is commonly increasing primary stocking of density about L. vannamei postlarvae culture in Iran.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; White shrimp ; Litopenaeus vannamei ; Brackish water ; Growth ; Survival ; Aquaculture
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 34
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