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  • 1
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    Monitoring (biology and catch) of Kilka in commercial catch in 2000-2001 (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Kilka fish has been catch in Iranian coastal waters in Mazandaran and Giulan provinces. During in 1999 to 2000 Kilka fishing ships discharged theirs catch in three pons, Babolsar, Amirabad (in Mazandaran) and Anzali (in Giulan). In this investigation which had been done in commercial catch regions, in addition of biological characteristics survey such as species composition, length, weight, age, sexual and stages of sexual maturity, catch amount and catch per unit effort also were analyzed. The results shown that catch. effort increased in 2000 (184 vessels) but catch amount and CUPE sharply decreased, as catch of kilka in Mazandaran and Gilan in 1999 decreased from 28 and 57 thousand tons to 19.6 and 42.6 thousand tons respectively. CPUE also decreased from 3900 kg in 1999 to 2500 kg in 2000. Between three species of kilka, anchovy dominated but the frequency of this fish decreased from 8590% to 76% and the frequency of common kilka sharply increased. Common kilka had been caught in spring and summer but in 2000 this fish caught all months. Anchovy spawn in spring and autumn but mass spawning anchovy occurred in autumn. Spawning of common kilka occurred in spring and early summer. The length frequency of anchovy is close and the bigger fish did not see in catch. The average length of anchovy decreased from 96.3 mm in 1997 to 87.3 mm in 2000. The age frequency had the same situation, as fish with 5+ and 6+ were not or had very low frequency. According to the reports mass group of Mnemiopsis leidyi saw in 2000 in south of the Caspian. The animal damaged the pelagic stocks in Black Sea. Probably Mnemiopsis caused this mentioned characteristics in the Caspian Sea.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Kilka ; Fishing ; Biological characteristics ; CPUE ; Mnemiopsis leidyi ; Anchovy
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 60pp.
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  • 2
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    The biological parameters and stock assessment of kilka in Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In this investigation which had been done in commercial catch regions (where discharged theirs catch) in three ports Babolsar, Amirabad (in mazandaran) and Anzali (in Guilan).The main objectives of the present study were to estimate of catch and catch per unit effort, von Bertalanffy growth parameters, condition factor, sex ratios, spawning, biomass and maximum sustainable yield of common kilka in Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea. The result shown that catch of kilka in Iranian coastal in 2015 increased from 21553 ton to 22428 ton in 2016 and CPUE was 2.6 and 2.7 ton (Vessel ×Night) respectively . Common kilka was the predominant all months of the year about 98 percent. The mean length was 103±9.6 at the same time and range length 92.5–112.5 mm were the dominant population (about 82%). The mean condition factor was 1.38±0.1 . Age abundance during this period have not been substantially changed and always fishes with 3 and 4 year olds had the highest frequency78.5 and 76.8 percent respectively. The parameters of the Von Bertalanffy growth curve were 138[1 exp ] 0.251( 1.124)   t Lt for common kilka. The instantaneous coefficient of natural mortality (M) was 0.506 yr-1 . The instantaneous coefficient of fihing mortality and total mortality were 0.753 yr-1 and 1.259 yr-1 , respectively. The exploitation rate of common kilka were 0.60 during 2015-2016. In the years 2014-2015 and 2015-2016, the biomass of common kilka was estimated 86401 and 71671 ton, respectively. In these years, fish of the 2nd and 3rd year of this fish had the highest amount of reserves (respectively 29025 and 24632 ton) and The lowest reserves for 6-year-old fish, respectively, were 772 and 355 tons respectively. The breeders biomass of this species is 37132 and 34390 tons respectively and The ratio of biomass of broodstocks to the whole was 43% and 48% respectively. Acceptable Biological Catch was estimated with a precautionary approach of 18,400 tons. The average catch of this species on the coast of Iran in the last 10 years has been more than 21,000 tons, and in fact, the optimal level of harvesting from the reserves has not been observed. It should be noted that when exploiting a storage facility, excessive harvesting of the harvestable product will lead to the destruction of longterm storage.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Kikla fishes ; Stock ; Growth parameters ; Biomass ; Acceptable biological catch ; Biological parameters
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 48pp.
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  • 3
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    Biological aspects of Kilka (Age, Growth,Feeding and Reproduction) in Southern of Caspian Sea (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In the changing environmental of the Caspian Sea specifically pelagic zone following the introduction of the comb jelly Mnemiopsis leidyi has been continued ,particularly kilka catch ,biological characteristic and feeding . In this investigation which had been done in commercial catch regions ( where discharged theirs catch) in three ports Babolsar ,Amirabad (in Mazandaran) and Anzali (in Guilan ), estimated catch and catch per unit effort , the age structure of catch ,length- weight relationship , von Bertalanffy growth parameters , condition factor ,sex ratios ,maturity stags ,age at first capture and spawning and feeding .The result shown that catch of kilka in Iranian coastal in 2006 decreased from 22300 ton to 16700 ton in 2008.But CPUE increased from1.7 ton (Vessel ×Night) to 2.5 ton at that time due to dropped effort .The length frequency of kilka is close and the juvenile fish did not see in catch as increased the length mean (P〉0.000).The age frequency had the same situation as fish low than 2 years did not see for anchovy and bigeye ,so collapse juvenile stock cause poor recruitment in the species .The parameters of the von Bertalanffy growth curve were For common kilka L∞= 136.5mm k= 0.249y t0= 1.890y Q= 3.883; For bigeye kilka L∞= 131.7mm k= 0.346 t0= 1.123y Q= 3.688; And for anchovy kilka L∞= 148mm k= 0.375 t0= 1.243y Q= 3.814 The exploitation rate of anchovy, bigeye and common kilka were 0.51, 0.58 and 0.6 respectively. The highest of GSI recorded in May and March for common and bigeye and in Jul, Nov for anchovy kilka .Main prey was Acartia tonsa by anchovy and common kilka and Cypris balanus by bigeye kilka. We concluded that the ecological problem causes by Mnemiopsis leidyi as well as overfishing has been collapsed kilka stocks, particularly anchvy.so sustainable fisheries management and conservation biodiversity in the Caspian Sea are real challenges now.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Biological ; Environmental ; Commercial ; Ecological ; Kilka fishes ; Age ; Growth ; Feeding ; Overfishing ; Pelagic zone ; Mnemiopsis leidyi ; Bertalanffy ; Sex ratios ; Maturity ; Spawning ; CPUE ; Acartia tonsa ; Cypris balanus
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 98pp.
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  • 4
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    The study of feeding, reproduction and biological parameters of kilka fishes in the Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The overfishing and changing environmental following the introduction of the comb jelly Mnemiopsis leidyi in the Caspian Sea, the population structure has a strong influence on kilka fishes in the Caspian Sea and therefore to in this investigation which had been done in commercial catch regions (where discharged theirs catch) in three ports Babolsar, Amirabad (in mazandaran) and Anzali (in Guilan), stimated catch and catch per unit effort, the age structur of catch, length- weight relationship, von Bertalanffy growth parameters, condition factor, sex ratios, maturity stags, spawning and feeding. The result shown that catch of kilka in Iranian coastal in 2012 decreased from 24080 ton to 22696 ton in 2013. But CPUE increased was 2.7 ton (Vessel ×Night) and there was no significant changes. Common kilka was the predominant all months of the year, 98.1 and 98.9 percent in 2012 and 2013 respectively. The mean length was 104.4±10.5 and 101.6±11.2 at the same time and range length 92/ 5 – 117/5 mm were the dominant population(about 75%). Relative abundance of fish less than 77.5 mm and more than 127.5 mm is very low. Age abundance during this period have not been substantially changed and always fishes with 3 and 4 year olds had the highest frequency73.6 and 73.5 percent respectively. The parameters of the Von Bertalanffy growth curve were ] exp1[8.141 ) 048.1(297.0  tLt for common kilka. The instantaneous coefficient of natural mortality (M) was 0.506 yr-1. The instantaneous coefficient of fihing mortality and total mortality were 0.694 yr-1 and 1.2 yr-1 , respectively. The exploitation rate of common kilka varied during 2012-2013 between 0.41-0.50. The mean condition factor 1.41±0.14 (n=5801) and 1.38±0.16 (n=6754) at the same time respectively . According to statistical analysis Anova oneway were a significant difference between condition factor at the same time . Main prey common kilka was Acartia tonsa accounting for over 80%. It seems Common kilka due to a decrease in the frequency of other zooplankton species depend more than ever on Acartia tonsa and this species is probably a concentration of prey for Common kilka.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Biological ; Environmental ; Kilka fishes ; Age ; Growth parameters ; Condition factor ; Exploitation rate ; Feeding ; Reproduction ; Overfishing ; Comb jelly ; Mnemiopsis leidyi ; Population ; Sex ratios ; Maturity ; Spawning ; Mortality ; ANOVA ; Acartia tonsa
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 65pp.
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  • 5
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    The study of feeding, reproduction and biological parameters of kilka fishes in the Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25622 | 18721 | 2018-10-08 05:50:41 | 25622 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The overfishing and changing environmental following the introduction of the comb jelly Mnemiopsis leidyi in the Caspian Sea, the population structure has a strong influence on kilka fishes in the Caspian Sea and therefore to in this investigation which had been done in commercial catch regions (where discharged theirs catch) in three ports Babolsar, Amirabad (in mazandaran) and Anzali (in Guilan), stimated catch and catch per unit effort, the age structur of catch, length- weight relationship, von Bertalanffy growth parameters, condition factor, sex ratios, maturity stags, spawning and feeding. The result shown that catch of kilka in Iranian coastal in 2012 decreased from 24080 ton to 22696 ton in 2013. But CPUE increased was 2.7 ton (Vessel ×Night) and there was no significant changes. Common kilka was the predominant all months of the year, 98.1 and 98.9 percent in 2012 and 2013 respectively. The mean length was 104.4±10.5 and 101.6±11.2 at the same time and range length 92/ 5 – 117/5 mm were the dominant population(about 75%). Relative abundance of fish less than 77.5 mm and more than 127.5 mm is very low. Age abundance during this period have not been substantially changed and always fishes with 3 and 4 year olds had the highest frequency73.6 and 73.5 percent respectively. The parameters of the Von Bertalanffy growth curve were (8.141) 048.1 for common kilka. The instantaneous coefficient of natural mortality (M) was 0.506 yr-1. The instantaneous coefficient of fihing mortality and total mortality were 0.694 yr-1 and 1.2 yr^-1 , respectively. The exploitation rate of common kilka varied during 2012-2013 between 0.41-0.50. The mean condition factor 1.41±0.14 (n=5801) and 1.38±0.16 (n=6754) at the same time respectively. According to statistical analysis Anova oneway were a significant difference between condition factor at the same time . Main prey common kilka was Acartia tonsa accounting for over 80%. It seems Common kilka due to a decrease in the frequency of other zooplankton species depend more than ever on Acartia tonsa and this species is probably a concentration of prey for Common kilka.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Mazandaran Province ; Guilan Province ; Anzali ; Babolsar ; Kilka fishes ; Age ; Growth parameters ; Condition factor ; Exploitation rate ; Feeding ; Reproduction ; Overfishing ; Comb jelly ; Mnemiopsis leidyi ; Population ; Sex ratios ; Maturity ; Spawning ; Mortality ; ANOVA ; Acartia tonsa
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 65
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  • 6
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    Biological aspects of kilka (age, growth, feeding and reproduction) in southern of Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25269 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 07:39:31 | 25269 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In the changing environmental of the Caspian Sea specifically pelagic zone following the introduction of the comb jelly Mnemiopsis leidyi has been continued ,particularly kilka catch ,biological characteristic and feeding . In this investigation which had been done in commercial catch regions (where discharged theirs catch) in three ports Babolsar ,Amirabad (in Mazandaran) and Anzali (in Guilan), estimated catch and catch per unit effort, the age structure of catch ,length- weight relationship, von Bertalanffy growth parameters, condition factor, sex ratios ,maturity stags ,age at first capture and spawning and feeding .The result shown that catch of kilka in Iranian coastal in 2006 decreased from 22300 ton to 16700 ton in 2008.But CPUE increased from1.7 ton (Vessel ×Night) to 2.5 ton at that time due to dropped effort .The length frequency of kilka is close and the juvenile fish did not see in catch as increased the length mean (P〉0.000).The age frequency had the same situation as fish low than 2 years did not see for anchovy and bigeye ,so collapse juvenile stock cause poor recruitment in the species .The parameters of the von Bertalanffy growth curve were For common kilka L_∞= 136.5mm k= 0.249y t0= 1.890y Q= 3.883; For bigeye kilka L_∞= 131.7mm k= 0.346 t0= 1.123y Q= 3.688; And for anchovy kilka L_∞= 148mm k= 0.375 t0= 1.243y Q= 3.814 The exploitation rate of anchovy, bigeye and common kilka were 0.51, 0.58 and 0.6 respectively. The highest of GSI recorded in May and March for common and bigeye and in Jul, Nov for anchovy kilka .Main prey was Acartia tonsa by anchovy and common kilka and Cypris balanus by bigeye kilka. We concluded that the ecological problem causes by Mnemiopsis leidyi as well as overfishing has been collapsed kilka stocks, particularly anchvy.so sustainable fisheries management and conservation biodiversity in the Caspian Sea are real challenges now.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Guilan Province ; Mazandaran Province ; Babolsar ; Anzali ; Kilka fishes ; Age ; Growth ; Feeding ; Overfishing ; Pelagic zone ; Mnemiopsis leidyi ; Bertalanffy ; Sex ratios ; Maturity ; Spawning ; CPUE ; Acartia tonsa ; Cypris balanus
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 98
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