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  • 1
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    Hydrology and hydrobiology and environmental pollutions in lower than 10 meters depths of Caspian Sea (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The present project in related to survey of factors and hydrology and hydrochemical features (water temperature, dissolve oxygen saturation, pH, clearance, salinity, nitrogen, phosphorus and silicon) hydrobiology (zooplankton, phytoplankton, macrobenthos) and survey of bio environment pollution (oil, heavy metal, detergent) executed in lower 10m in different water larger in southern Caspian Sea in 2002-2003. For sampling 8 lines number were vertical on coast that selected from Astra in west to Gomishan in east in southern Caspian Sea basin. The result indicated the average physical factors such as pH were 8.11 and salinity12.12 ppt ,and disolve oxygen6.7 mg/l. Average chemical factors such as NO2 , NO3 and NH4 were 1.2 µg/l, 25.7 µg/l, 13 µg/l respectively.Total nitogen and organic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen were 690.2 µg/l , 667.6 µg/l , 41.6 µg/l. Average silicat were recrded 266.35 µg/l . Total Phosphorus was observed 37.35 µg/l and average of organic Phosphorus concentration was and 20.25 µg/l .Average of Total organic matter (T.O.M) was 4.98% maximum amount were observed in Lisar and minimum in Nooshahr . Concentration of heavy metal during sampling were respectively ,Fe〉Mn〉Zn〉Cr〉Ph〉Co〉Cd〉Cu. Maximum concentration of Fe were determined in winter in Nooshahr and Babolsar respectively 13/3 µg/l 17/1 µg/l. In many stations and different Season, the amount of heavy meta were lower standard of in marine water. The concentration of oil hydrocarborate ( PAHs) in autumn was 0/13 ppb and in winter 0/12 ppb. The amount of ( PAHs) in Southern Caspian Sea were Lower than other parts of Caspian Sea. The average of detergent concentration ( LAS) was 0/036 µg/l that was two fold higher than determined in 2001. Total 107 species of phytoplankton belong to 5 phylum were identified. The numbers of species of phytoplankton groups were respectively, chrysophyta (42 species), cyanophyta (17 species), pyruphyta (17 species), chlorophyta (21 species) and euglenophyta (9 species). The maximum diversity of phytoplankton observed in summer and minimum in autumn. High diversity of chrysophta and cyanophyta observed in summer and phyrophyta and chrlophyta in spring. The composition of phytoplanhkton groups were respectively, chrysophyta (70%), phyrophyta (9%) and chlorophyta (7%) and euglonophyta (1%). Maximum density of phytoplankton was observed in autumn and minimum in winter. Total 19 species of Zooplankton were identified. Maximum diversity was observed in summer and minimum in winter. Zooplankton changes during sampling, showed amount of density of zooplankton in 5m were more than 10 m depths. Total (17 species macrobenthos were identified. The composition of macrobenthos groups were respectively , Annalida (92/7% ) , Bivalvia (2/7%) gumarida (108%) cumacea ( 1/5%) , Balanidae 103% . max . density were observed in Astara and min . in Sefied roud Average of density were 1218 0/851 ind /m2 and biomass 14 15 g/m2 High density were recorded in autumn and low density in winter . Correlation of phytoplankton and zooplankton with physicochemical parameter and also relation between total organic matter and sediment grain size were calculated.Ecological indicies (simpson diversity evenns diversity and shanoon-wiever diversity) were calculated for macrobenthos. Data were shown impact of cetenephora (Mnenemiopsis leidyi) on zooplankton and phytoplankton and macrobenthos density.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Phytoplankton ; Zooplankton ; Macrobenthos ; Heavy metals ; Pollution ; Oil pollution ; Detergent ; Hydrology ; Hydrochemistry ; Species
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 111pp.
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  • 2
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    Comprehensive study on probability of controlling Caspian Sea invasive Ctenophora (Mnemiopsis leidyi) (Activity 2: Investigation on Mnemiopsis leidyi diet in the Caspian Sea) (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Mnemiopsis leidyi is one the species of comb-jelly. It belongs to the Ctenophore phylum and Lobate order. It is a purely marine, free-swimming animal with a transparent jelly-like walnut-shaped body, which was transported from the Black Sea into Caspian possibly at the end of 1990s. This species is food rival of pelagic fish. It has been reported that the ctenophore caused the dramatic decrease of zooplankton and pelagic fish stock in the Black Sea. In this study, sampling on Mnemiopsis leidyi, zooplankton, phytoplankton was conducted from December 2003 to March 2005, from a total of 11 stations located along four transects (Anzali , Khazarabad, Tourkman and Gorgan Bay) by METU net in the Iranian coasts of the Caspian Sea. Clupeonella catch was done by light fishing with fishing vessel in Anzali region. The results showed that the biomass of M.leidyi had some fluctuation in different seasons and its maximum biomass was recorded in summer with a figure of 524.4±156.2 g.m2 Tourkman region and the minimum biomass was observed in winter with a figure of 5.15±1.81 g.m2 in Anzali region. Study of stomach of Mnemiopsis showed, that Acartia (belonged of Copepoda with 66 %), lamlibranchia (13 %) has the highest frequency and the lowest were Balanus nauplii, Rotatoria, Tintinnopsis and Podon polyphemoides. The maximum mean abundance of zooplankton was 29368±24318 n.m3 in winter (Anzali region) and the minimum was recorded 4170±5014 n.m3 in summer (Tourkman region). Copepoda was dominant zooplankton in the Iranian coasts of the Caspian Sea. Chrysophyta with 150000000±440000000 n.m3 and Euglenophyta with 260000±521000 n.m3 had the highest and the lowest frequency respectively in the Caspian Sea. The main foods of Clupeonella were Acartia with 80 %. The survey of stomach of Clupeonella showed that the feeding of these species was not good and the highest fullness index was recorded 220.95±314.67. These results showed, the main food item of Ctenophora and Clupeonella were Copepoda (Acartia). It seems, the impact of Mnemiopsis leidyi feeding has been the important factor in declining zooplankton populations, Clupeonella stocks, and also increasing of phytoplankton abundance.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Ctenophora ; Mnemiopsis leidyi ; Diet ; Species ; Phylum ; Pelagic fishes ; Sampling ; Zooplankton ; Phytoplankton ; Acartia ; Ctenophora ; Population ; Abundance
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 53pp.
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  • 3
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    Comprehensive ecological survey of the possible controlling of invader Mnemiopsis leidyi population in the Caspian Sea - Activity 1: Abundance and distribution of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi in the Caspian Sea (Iranian Coasts) (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This project has been started as monitoring study since 2001 that in first phase has lasted for two years and because of its importance, it was decided that this study should be continued for two other years. In the early 1980s, an alien ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi already known as a gelatinous zooplankton was transported (likely via ballast waters) to the Black Sea from its native waters of the western Atlantic. The possibility of Mnemiopsis leidyi introduction into other sensitive, neighbouring ecosystems, notably the Caspian Sea, had been mentioned during the GESAMP meeting in 1994. And, as expected, this ctenophore was reported to be present in the Caspian Sea by November 1999. In this report, spatial and temporal distribution of M. leidyi had been investigated in southern Caspian Sea (Iranian waters) in 6 transects consisted of Lisar, Anzali, Sefidroud, Nowshar, Babolsar and Amirabad at 24 stations during 2003 and 2004. As a whole, 818 samples had been analized included 236, 302, 136 and 144 belong to ctenophore, phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthos. Meantime 811 physicochemical parameters had been measured. Water temperature varied between 7.8 to 29.3 co . Transparencies also fluctuated from 0.20 to 10.5 m. Salinity in different regions was from 7.80 to 13.90 ppt and the average was 12.09 ppt. pH was between 7.2- 8.6. Demand oxygen (O2) has been measured very high in water surface (12.89 µg.l) and it decreased at minimum level in deep down to 4 µg.l. Nutrients measurements such as NO2, NO3 and NH4 were 0.10-15.17 , 3.80- 133.40 and 0.36- 86.40 µg.l, respectively. Total nitrate and phosphate were measured between 337.00- 1635.00 and 14.90-103.40 µg.l, respectively. Comparison of M. leidyi distribution in the southern Caspian Sea shown that maximum abundance recorded in warm summer months (e.g. August) with 11627 ind.m 2 and its biomass maximum was in autumn months (September and October) about 446.11 gr.m 2 . Mean abundance and biomass of M. leidyi were 2504 ind.m2 and 142.42 gr.m 2 , respectively. Maximum size of the ctenophore recorded as 70 mm while the less than 10 mm length frequency consisted 92.2 per cent of total population. Spatial distribution of M. leidyi in different regions shown that Sefidroud not only had the maximum Mnemiopsis abundance but also consisted higher biomass in the southern Caspian Sea in 2003-4. At present study, 142 phytoplankton species were identified which belongs to Chrysophyta (67,48 ), Chlorophyta (23,16%), Cyanophyta (22,15% ), Pyrhophyta (21,15% ) and Euglenophyta (9,6%). Mean phytoplankton abundance and biomass were 11137032 ind. m 3 and 40.26 mg. m 3 , respectively. Chrysophyta (diatoms) consisted 42 and 47% of whole phytoplankton abundance and biomass. In the other hand, this group included 50 % of phytoplankton population. In zooplankton study, there were identified 21 species in which 10 species were only meroplankton (zoobenthic) and 11 species was holoplankton. These species belongs to Copepoda (4,37% ), Rotatoria (4,36% ), Cilliophora (2,18% ) and Cladocera (1,9% ). Monthly zooplankton abundance and biomass data shown that its population completely effected by Copepoda. Among copepoda, Acartia clausi was the main species duri ng 2003-4. As a whole, maximum abundance recorded in spring (March) and autumn (September) about 11497 and 11321 ind. m 3 while it s maximum biomass occurred in summer (August) with 48.95 mg. m 3 . Zooplankton minimum abundance and biomass were in wintertime about 3894 ind. m 3 and 10.16 mg. m 3 . Benthic fauna in recent study consisted 27 species included Gammaride (8,29% ), Cumacea (7, 26% ), Polychaeta (4,15% ), Bivalvia (3,11% ) and Oligochaeta, Balanidae and Xantidae each one (4% ) species. Mean benthic abundance and biomass were 1215 ind. m 2 and 20.09 g. m 2 , respectively. Polychaeta and Oligochaeta were established maximum frequency about 49 and 34% of total fauna while Bivalvia consisted 82.8% biomass overall.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Ecological ; Survey ; Mnemiopsis leidyi ; Population ; Distribution ; Abundance
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 56pp.
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  • 4
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    Quantitative assessment of the impact of Mnemiopsis leidyi on the southern Caspian zooplankton structure during 1996-2010 (2017)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: After the arrival of the invasive species (Mnemiopsis leidyi) in the Caspian Sea (in 1999) significant changes have been occurred in the ecosystem. In the present study, the data concerning the period 1996 to 2010 (extracted from the relevant research projects) were analyzed. The period was classified into two phases, before and after the species invasion (1996 and 2001-2010). In our study, the impact of the invasive species on the structure of southern Caspian zooplankton communities was assessed during the period 2001-2010, quantitatively.The combination of abundance and distribution range of the species (ADR) during the period 2001-2009 and the year 2010 were evaluated as E (occurrence in high numbers in all localities) and D (occurrence in moderate numbers in all localities), respectively. Considering the obtained results, the year 2001, in which the relative biomass was more than 90 percent, could be considered as the expansion phase and the following years (2002-2010) as the adjustment phase. With regards to the loss of the keystone and some other native species after the invasion of M. leidyi (2001 to 2010), the impact of the invasive species on the structure of southern Caspian zooplankton communities was assessed as massive (C4)
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Mnemiopsis leidyi ; Zooplankton ; Structure ; Impact
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.47-58
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  • 5
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    Designing and Establishment of ISO/IEC 17025 in Laboratories of Caspian Sea Ecological Research Center (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The project was carried out between March of 2007 and November of 2009.Five laboratories of research center (Clinical pathology, Plankton , Molecular genetic, Pollutants , Analysis Instrument were selected for accreditation. The main stages for establishment of the system consisted of: 1-Conducting a gap analysis to compare the present state of the laboratories with ISO/IEC 17025 Training 2 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories Validation of methods Estimation of uncertainty Internal audits 3- Performing of technical and management requirements 4-Submit of quality manual to Iran Accreditation System (IAS) in order to accredit In January of 2010 the laboratories were accredited by Iran Accreditation System (IAS). The main results were including: 1-Increase the accuracy of measurement 2-Improvement of the Repeatability and Reproducibility of the test methods 3-Traceability and standardization of test methods 4- Calibration of measurement instruments 6- Updating of test methods 7-Standardization of physical condition of the laboratories 8- Getting the certification from Iran Accreditation System (IAS).
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Standardization ; ISO/IEC 17025 ; Laboratory ; Accreditation ; Calibration ; Ecological institute of Caspian sea
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 63pp.
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  • 6
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    Hydrology and Hydrobiology data analysis collected during 1998-2007 (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Annually, many data of hydrology and hydrobiology of the southern Caspian Sea at Iran's coasts were collected by Caspian Sea Research Institute of Ecology. The data which had been collected by researchers submitted annually in several reports but has not been processed all at once. Fluctuations of various parameters were surveyed and the relationships between them were analyzed. The main goal of this research is to analysis the data were obtained from 1994 to 2006 and show changes the concentration of various parameters in the Caspian Sea. Physicochemical data indicated that the average trend of transparency and salinity was decreased from 1994 to 2006 annually, where the salinity value was decreased from 12.37 ppt (part per thousand) to 11.5 ppt. The average of dissolved oxygen was increased from 6.4 to 8.6mg/l. pH has slightly fluctuated from 8.15 to 8.31. However, with increasing depth from surface to bottom, the average of dissolved oxygen was sharply decreased (DO concentration in surface and 800 m was 7.18 and 1.45 mg/l, respectively). The trend of salinity and pH fluctuation was very slow with depth but the salinity has an increasing with incrementing of depth but pH has a decreased trend. The average of organic and inorganic phosphorus and TP was nearly increased. The average of Nitrate and Silica sharply increased comparing to depth but the average of Nitrite and organic Nitrogen decreased. The results showed that the temperature fluctuation in different water layers was low in winter but the dramatic decreasing of temperature was occurred at 10-20 m (in spring), 20-50 m (in winter) and 50-100 m (in autumn). With increasing of depth (Slope of the Sea), transparency and salinity values have an increasing while DO and pH showed decreased. As a whole, 335 species of phytoplankton were identified, there are 70 species in advance as these species were not seen in this period but 96 of novel's species have been recorded. The lowest and the most of phytoplankton biomass was recorded in 2006 and 2001 while the biomass was 59 and 1034 mg/m3, respectively. Albet, the lowest biomass was recorded at the depth of 100 m (24.1 mg/m3) but the maximum was observed in surface layer (1344.1 mg/m3). The average of phytoplankton biomass was increased after arrival of the ctenophore. There was a significant difference between the average of biomass in different seasons before and after of the ctenophore invasion (P〈0.001). Bacillariophyta and Pyrrophyta have the most cell abundance with a total of biomass of 52.7 and 37, respectively. From 1994 to 2006, species diversity (Shanon-Niner), evenness and richness were estimated between 3.02-1.29, 0.28-0.61 and 4.32-7.60, respectively. A total of 65 zooplankton species were identified with a frequent species in the Caspian Sea before the ctenophore invasion, while the species diversity decreased after the invasion. The high and the lowest of species diversity was recorded in 1994-1995 and 2006 and in 1999 the biomass of the zooplankton were observed between 12.6 mg/l and 363.8 mg/l, respectively. After arrival of ctenophore, the averages of zooplankton biomass at of the different depths were sharply decreased and were less than the ctenophore invasion. The result showed that there was a significant difference among the average of zooplankton biomass in two periods, seasons and west, middle and east regions as follows: P〈0.001, P〈0.008 and P〈0.01. The maximum abundance and biomass of zooplankton belonged to copepoda with %51.5 and %63, respectively. Rotatoria falls in the second class from 1994 to 2006 (during 1994-2006), species diversity, evenness and richness were varied between 0.19-1.6, 0.08-0.52 and 0.37-2.29, respectively. The species diversity of macrobenthic organisms at the same period s followd by zooplankton changes which sharply decreased. The average of benthic biomass reduced from 13.7 g/m2 in 1994-1995 to 1.8 g/m2 in 2004 but sharply increased in 2005 with a maximum value of 46.7 g/m2. With increasing of depth, the average of benthic biomass was sharply decreased. There was a significant difference (P〈0.001) in macrobethic organisms abundance before and after the ctenophore invasion, but it did not show a significant difference between seasons and different regions (as follows: P〉0.137, P〉0.782). Before the presence of ctenophore, the worms had been constituted a dominate group with a approximately %45 of total abundance and also %20 of their biomass. After this period, their frequency was sharply increased (more than %85) but the maximum value pertains to Cardidae (more than %90). The species diversity, evenness and richness were varied between .69-2.51, 0.23-0.63 and .011-3.79, respectively. AMBI software, Shanon-Viner parameter was moderate in all seasons from 1994 to 1996 but this parameter was reduced in a bad limit (boundary) in the most seasons from 2002 to 2005. The main parameter of M-AMBI consists of several parameters and also approximately showed similar changes such as Shanon -viner parameter. On basis of this parameter, the ecological quality condition of Caspian Sea was superior limit in all seasons from 1994 to 1996 but after the following years were decreased from good to moderate limits (After the presence of ctenophore). Relationship between abiotic variants and phytoplankton indicated that there was a direct relationship between transparency and salinity while there was a powerful and reversal significant relationship between transparency water temperature, transparency in organic Nitrate, phytoplankton number and transparency phytoplankton biomass. The comparison between different variants average in two periods (before and after the ctenophore invasion) indicated that the average of Kilka catch was decreased, the relative frequency of clupeonella engrauliformis and clupenoella grimmi was sharply reduced but the relative frequency of Clupeonella cultriventris was sharply increased, the species diversity, evenness and richness and the number of zooplankton species were sharply decreased, the average of biomass and transparency was sharply reduced, the average of dissolved oxygen and liza saliens or liza auratus catch were increased. These difference were often significant (P〈0.05). Therefore, with the ctenophore invasion into the Caspian Sea, the primary production was increased, the biomass value of zooplankton and specially Kilka which fed on zooplankton were sharply decreased while the fish such as Rutilus frisi kutum and mullet (Liza salins or Liza aurratus) which fed on benthic were increased.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Hydrology ; Hydrobiology ; Ecology ; Physicochemical ; Transparency ; Salinity ; Dissolved oxygen ; pH ; Nitrate ; Nitrite ; Species ; Phytoplankton ; Biomass ; Bacillariophyta ; Pyrrophyta ; Diversity ; Zooplankton ; Rutilus frisi kutum ; Liza salins ; Liza aurratus
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 158pp.
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  • 7
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    Study of ecological relationships among biological groups of phytoplankton, zooplankton, Jelly comb and macrobenthos at the southeast of the Caspian Sea (Mazandaran-Goharbaran) (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This study was carried out at the southeast of the Caspian Sea on the shores of the Goharbaran region during 2013-2014. Sampling was repeated monthly in eight stations. A total of 157 species of phytoplankton, 10 species of zooplankton and 24 species from macro invertebrate were identified. There were significant differences based on abundance and biomass among different biological groups in various stations (p〈0.05). Comparing the abundance and density of phytoplankton in different seasons showed that there was an increasing trend in phytoplankton from spring to winter, whereas the abundance and biomass of zooplankton showed a decreasing trend. The results of the multivariate statistical analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in different months showed that the biomass of phytoplankton and zooplankton had the highest correlation (0.943), whereas the abundance of zooplankton and jelly comb had the highest correlation which could be due to their physiological structure and ecobiological conditions. In conclusion, ecological relationships among biological groups can be due to the abundance and biomass changes, species diversity, environmental parameters, predator, seasonal changes, feeding habits and environmental pollutions.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Phytoplankton ; Zooplankton ; Jelly comb ; Macrobenthos ; Ecological ; Relationships ; Biological
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp. 23-31
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  • 8
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    Quantitative assessment of the impact of Mnemiopsis leidyi on the southern Caspian zooplankton structure during 1996-2010 (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22038 | 18721 | 2018-01-25 08:12:25 | 22038 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: After the arrival of the invasive species (Mnemiopsis leidyi) in the Caspian Sea (in 1999) significant changes have been occurred in the ecosystem. In the present study, the data concerning the period 1996 to 2010 (extracted from the relevant research projects) were analyzed. The period was classified into two phases, before and after the species invasion (1996 and 2001-2010). In our study, the impact of the invasive species on the structure of southern Caspian zooplankton communities was assessed during the period 2001-2010, quantitatively. The combination of abundance and distribution range of the species (ADR) during the period 2001-2009 and the year 2010 were evaluated as E (occurrence in high numbers in all localities) and D (occurrence in moderate numbers in all localities), respectively. Considering the obtained results, the year 2001, in which the relative biomass was more than 90 percent, could be considered as the expansion phase and the following years (2002-2010) as the adjustment phase. With regards to the loss of the keystone and some other native species after the invasion of M. leidyi (2001 to 2010), the impact of the invasive species on the structure of southern Caspian zooplankton communities was assessed as massive (C4).
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Mnemiopsis leidyi ; Zooplankton ; structure ; Southern Caspian ; Sea coast ; Iran
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 47-58
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  • 9
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    Quantitative assessment of biopllution caused by Mnemiopsis leidyi on ecological community structure in the southern part of the Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25616 | 18721 | 2018-10-07 16:59:17 | 25616 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: After the arrival of the invasive spexies (Mnemiopsis leidyi) in the ecosystem of Caspian Sea in 1999, It had notable impacts. In this study, we,re assessing impacts of quantitative M. leidyi as a biopllutant on zooplankton community in the southern part of the Caspian Sea during 2001-2010 period. It becomes clear that Abundance and Distribution Range (ADR) of M.leidyi during 2001-2009 was in class E(occurrence in high numbers in all localities) and in year 2010 was in class D(occurrence in moderate numbers in all localities). from 2001- 2009, ADR in Summer season was in class E, but in summer 2010, relatinve biomass of M.leidyi has decreased and ADR was evaluated as D. During the fall seasons of 2001 -2010, only in fall of 2003 and 2010, the ADR was C(occurrence in low numbers in all localities) and D respectively and in other years, the ADR was in class E. In winter season relative biomass of M.leidyi decreased and only in winter of 2001 relative biomass was high and the highest ADR (class E). In winter 2003 and 2004, ADR was in class D. The biomass of M.leidyi was found to be zero in winter 2008. From winter of 2009-2010,ADR, were assessed B and A respectively. In the spring, ADR was evaluated A and D. Considering the obtained results, the yesr 2001, which the relative niomass was more than 90 percent, could be considered as the expantion phase and the following years (2002-2010) with regard to decrease of relative biomass as the adjustment phase. With regards to the loss of the keystone species (Eurytemora sP.) and some other native species, our evalution showed that the impact of M.leidyi on structure of zooplankton community was assessed as massive (C4).During summer and fall seasons that biomass of M.leidyi was higher than 50%, only A.tonsa exist, but during spring and winter seasons that biomass of M.leidyi was decreased and more species have a chance to exist.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; S Caspian Sea ; Mnemiopsid leidyi ; Zooplankton Community ; Native species ; Bioinvasions
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 52
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  • 10
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    Hydrology and hydrobiology data analysis collected during 1998-2007 (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25245 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 07:22:16 | 25245 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Annually, many data of hydrology and hydrobiology of the southern Caspian Sea at Iran's coasts were collected by Caspian Sea Research Institute of Ecology. The data which had been collected by researchers submitted annually in several reports but has not been processed all at once. Fluctuations of various parameters were surveyed and the relationships between them were analyzed. The main goal of this research is to analysis the data were obtained from 1994 to 2006 and show changes the concentration of various parameters in the Caspian Sea. Physicochemical data indicated that the average trend of transparency and salinity was decreased from 1994 to 2006 annually, where the salinity value was decreased from 12.37 ppt (part per thousand) to 11.5 ppt. The average of dissolved oxygen was increased from 6.4 to 8.6mg/l. pH has slightly fluctuated from 8.15 to 8.31. However, with increasing depth from surface to bottom, the average of dissolved oxygen was sharply decreased (DO concentration in surface and 800 m was 7.18 and 1.45 mg/l, respectively). The trend of salinity and pH fluctuation was very slow with depth but the salinity has an increasing with incrementing of depth but pH has a decreased trend. The average of organic and inorganic phosphorus and TP was nearly increased. The average of Nitrate and Silica sharply increased comparing to depth but the average of Nitrite and organic Nitrogen decreased. The results showed that the temperature fluctuation in different water layers was low in winter but the dramatic decreasing of temperature was occurred at 10-20 m (in spring), 20-50 m (in winter) and 50-100 m (in autumn). With increasing of depth (Slope of the Sea), transparency and salinity values have an increasing while DO and pH showed decreased. As a whole, 335 species of phytoplankton were identified, there are 70 species in advance as these species were not seen in this period but 96 of novel's species have been recorded. The lowest and the most of phytoplankton biomass was recorded in 2006 and 2001 while the biomass was 59 and 1034 mg/m^3, respectively. Albet, the lowest biomass was recorded at the depth of 100 m (24.1 mg/m^3) but the maximum was observed in surface layer (1344.1 mg/m^3). The average of phytoplankton biomass was increased after arrival of the ctenophore. There was a significant difference between the average of biomass in different seasons before and after of the ctenophore invasion (P〈0.001). Bacillariophyta and Pyrrophyta have the most cell abundance with a total of biomass of 52.7 and 37, respectively. From 1994 to 2006, species diversity (Shanon-Niner), evenness and richness were estimated between 3.02-1.29, 0.28-0.61 and 4.32-7.60, respectively. A total of 65 zooplankton species were identified with a frequent species in the Caspian Sea before the ctenophore invasion, while the species diversity decreased after the invasion. The high and the lowest of species diversity was recorded in 1994-1995 and 2006 and in 1999 the biomass of the zooplankton were observed between 12.6 mg/l and 363.8 mg/l, respectively. After arrival of ctenophore, the averages of zooplankton biomass at of the different depths were sharply decreased and were less than the ctenophore invasion. The result showed that there was a significant difference among the average of zooplankton biomass in two periods, seasons and west, middle and east regions as follows: P〈0.001, P〈0.008 and P〈0.01. The maximum abundance and biomass of zooplankton belonged to copepoda with %51.5 and %63, respectively. Rotatoria falls in the second class from 1994 to 2006 (during 1994-2006), species diversity, evenness and richness were varied between 0.19-1.6, 0.08-0.52 and 0.37-2.29, respectively. The species diversity of macrobenthic organisms at the same period s followd by zooplankton changes which sharply decreased. The average of benthic biomass reduced from 13.7 g/m^2 in 1994-1995 to 1.8 g/m^2 in 2004 but sharply increased in 2005 with a maximum value of 46.7 g/m^2. With increasing of depth, the average of benthic biomass was sharply decreased. There was a significant difference (P〈0.001) in macrobethic organisms abundance before and after the ctenophore invasion, but it did not show a significant difference between seasons and different regions (as follows: P〉0.137, P〉0.782). Before the presence of ctenophore, the worms had been constituted a dominate group with an approximately %45 of total abundance and also %20 of their biomass. After this period, their frequency was sharply increased (more than %85) but the maximum value pertains to Cardidae (more than %90). The species diversity, evenness and richness were varied between .69-2.51, 0.23-0.63 and .011-3.79, respectively. AMBI software, Shanon-Viner parameter was moderate in all seasons from 1994 to 1996 but this parameter was reduced in a bad limit (boundary) in the most seasons from 2002 to 2005. The main parameter of M-AMBI consists of several parameters and also approximately showed similar changes such as Shanon -viner parameter. On basis of this parameter, the ecological quality condition of Caspian Sea was superior limit in all seasons from 1994 to 1996 but after the following years were decreased from good to moderate limits (After the presence of ctenophore). Relationship between abiotic variants and phytoplankton indicated that there was a direct relationship between transparency and salinity while there was a powerful and reversal significant relationship between transparency water temperature, transparency in organic Nitrate, phytoplankton number and transparency phytoplankton biomass. The comparison between different variants average in two periods (before and after the ctenophore invasion) indicated that the average of Kilka catch was decreased, the relative frequency of clupeonella engrauliformis and clupenoella grimmi was sharply reduced but the relative frequency of Clupeonella cultriventris was sharply increased, the species diversity, evenness and richness and the number of zooplankton species were sharply decreased, the average of biomass and transparency was sharply reduced, the average of dissolved oxygen and liza saliens or liza auratus catch were increased. These difference were often significant (P〈0.05). Therefore, with the ctenophore invasion into the Caspian Sea, the primary production was increased, the biomass value of zooplankton and specially Kilka which fed on zooplankton were sharply decreased while the fish such as Rutilus frisii kutum and mullet (Liza salins or Liza aurratus) which fed on benthic were increased.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Transparency ; Salinity ; Dissolved oxygen ; pH ; Nitrate ; Nitrite ; Species ; Phytoplankton ; Biomass ; Bacillariophyta ; Pyrrophyta ; Diversity ; Zooplankton ; Rutilus frisi kutum ; Liza salins ; Liza aurratus
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 158
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