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  • 1
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    Survey on health status in aquaculture Sturgeons Centers( Mazandaran, Guilan And Golestan Provinces) (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: Study of survey health management and diseases in hatcheries and fish farms can help us to knowledge and application control methods such as: prevention, treatment and increase high levels of production in hatchery and farms, finally. This survey carried out from 2005 to 2008 for 4 years in sturgeon hatcheries and farms of Golestan province. Sturgeon fishes include Huso Huso, Ship sturgeon, Acipenser persicus collected and for virology, bacteriology, fungius and hematology examined. Also, physicochemical parameters measured and recorded in different stages of culture. Results of this study showed that all of samples in virology was negative and did not observe any doubetful causes. In bacteriology CFU was variation from 3/9 ×105 to 6/9×10. The most parasites that detected in this survey was Cocolanus espherolanus , Sceria binopsulus semiarmatus and Amphilina fuliacea that separates from Acipenser Percicus, especially. The results about hematology parameters some important hematological indices of ship sturgeon include: The total RBC for female and mail specimens measured as 5.3±1.5 ×105, 4.8±0.5 ×105 per mm 3 respectively. The amount of haematocrit and hemoglobin for female and mail determined: 34.3±2.8, 35±1.4 percent and 10.3±0.9, 8.9±0.8 gr/dl .The MCV: 216.3± 96.2, 736.5± 102.5, MCH: 720.2±309.5, 186±0.7 and MCHC: 30±0.8, 25.5±3.4 percent respectively.The total WBC were (female, male): 21320±1054, 20580±777 per mm 3 and neutrophil: 16.4±2.5, 17±1.4 percent and lymphocyte: 74.4±2.4, 73.5± 0.7 percent and eosinophil: 6±1.4, 6.4±0.5 percent, monocyte: 2.8±0.8, 3.5±0.7 percent. There was not any significant differences (p〉0.05) between mentioned parameters in male and female (students t-test). Also evaluation of hematological parameters in bluga ( Huso huso) include: total RBC were (male , female) 5±0.3 ×105 , 4.9±0.6 ×105 per mm 3 ,respectively and hematocrit: 33.2±6.7 , 35.4±3.4 percent and hemoglobin: 11.2±1.5 , 12.2±1gr/dl and MCV: 669.9±172.2, 723.9±982.4 and MCH: 226.2±42.5, 249.5±35.4 and MCHC: 34.1±2.4, 34.6±3.6 percent respectively. The totals WBC were (male, female): 24800±707.1, 23042±1375.4 per mm 3 and neutrophil: 18.5±0.7, 21.4±1.1 percent and lymphocyte: 73.5±1.4, 68.4±1.1 percent and eosinophil: 5±2.8, 7±1.2 percent and monocyte: 3.5±3.5, 3.2±0.8 percent. According to statistically study the count of lymphocyte had significant difference between male and female fish and this count in male was higher than female. (p≥0.05).
    Beschreibung: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Physicochemical ; Hematology ; Fish ; Sturgeon ; Huso huso ; Ship ; Acipenser percicus ; Bacteriology ; Parasitology ; Health management ; Diseases ; Survey ; Aquaculture ; Hatcheries ; Samples ; Sceria binopsulus ; Amphilina fuliacea ; Female ; Male
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Report , Refereed
    Format: 395pp.
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  • 2
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    Investigation of production possibility of monosex female and sterile fish in Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: This investigation carried out for the first time in Iran inorder to prodcution of monosex female and also sterilization in Rainbow trout. In this study, the eggs of general females were fertilized with the sperm of sex reversed male and so monosex female population was produced in second generation and sterilization carried out with oral administration of 17α methy 1 testosterone and immenrsion and oral administiration methods were used in embryonic stage and from commencing of acitve feeding of larvae, respectiverly. For sex reversal , 13 treatments were considered totally, that the most percentage of male (100%) was observedc in a treatment including of orally administration of 0.5 ppm hormone for 60 days after commencing active feeding (P〈0.001). In the other treamtnet, different percentages of sex ratio including male, female, intersex and sterility were observed. The offspring of genral eggs fertilization with the sperm of masculinized fish were 100% female, chisquare test was shown the treatment of orally administration of 30 ppm hormone for 120 days after commencing active feeding that had been considered for sterilization, was produced 90% sterile fish (P〈0.001) and was changed the sex ratio significancthy. Morphological changes of the gonads and sperm ducts in matured fish and also histological changes in the gonads of fish in the treamtints were considerable.
    Beschreibung: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Morphological ; Histological ; Monosex ; Female ; Male ; Sterilization ; Rainbow trout ; Eggs ; Fertilized ; Sperm ; Population ; Sex ; Fish ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Rainbow trout
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Report , Refereed
    Format: 58pp.
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  • 3
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    Study of some biological characteristics of golden grey mullet (Liza aurata) in Iranian Coastal waters of the Caspian Sea (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: During last 65 years the catch of mullets had increasing trends with some fluctuations in the Iranian coastal water of the Caspian Sea .In this period about 138 thousand tons of mullets have been caught. Mullet’s account for 35% of total catch annually .In recent years species composition of mullets has chanched in the Iranian coastal water of the Caspian Sea and catch composition of golden grey mullet increased from 76% in 1995 to 98% in 2006. In this survey some biological characteristics of golden grey mullet have been studied in Iranian coastal water of the Caspian Sea .Fish samples have been gathered from commercial catch of beach seine cooperatives monthly in Iranian coastal water of the Caspian Sea over 2006 and 2007. In the laboratory fishes have been measured biometrically and biological parameters have been calculated .Also catch statistics of mullets during 2006-2007 have been obtained and discussed. Results showed that the catch of mullets in beach seine cooperatives during 2006 and 2007 was 4181 and 3685 tons respectively that golden grey mullet contribute 99% and 98% of the catch composition of mullets respectively. Length range of golden grey mullet caught by beach seine cooperatives was 19-50.2 cm with mean length of 32.7 ± 6.4 (± SD) and weight range was 67-1475 gr with mean weight of 411 ± 255 gr. The age structure of this species was comprised 2-10 years old fish with mean age of 4.42 years old. In this survey totally the sex ratio of male:female of golden grey mullet was 356: 434 that was significant variation from equal sex ratio. Pick of the spawning in Guilan province was in October and in Mazandaran and Golestan provinces was in November. In October the proportion of spawning females declined from western area (Guilan province) towards eastern parts (Golestan province).The highest proportion of spawning females was in December in Golestan province. The highest GSI index value was observed in September and October and it was decreased in November and December and it was consistent during January till April. The mean absolute fecundity was 700881 ± 429987 eggs with minimum and maximum fecundity of 200112 and 2282862 eggs respectively. The Lm 50% for female golden grey mullet was calculated as 33.6 cm.
    Beschreibung: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Biological ; Commercial ; Golden grey mullet ; Liza aurata ; Species ; Survey ; Samples ; Male ; Female ; Sex ratio ; Spawning ; GSI ; Fecundity ; Coastal waters
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Report , Refereed
    Format: 56pp.
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  • 4
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    Biological aspects of Sepia pharaonis in the Bahrekan waters (NW Persian Gulf) (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: The biological aspects of Sepia pharaonis was studied during years 2006-07. The studied area restricted to the Bahrekan in Khouzestan province covering the depths of 2 up to 25m. The sampling methods were gillnet and bottom trawl. A total of 310 specimens collected, of which there wasn’t found any cuttlefish in the study area from July to October (5 months). The collected samples were transferred to the laboratory ashore for further biological measurements consist of: Mantle length, Body weight, sex determination. Gonado-Somatic Index, and determination of Spermatophoric Index, Spawning season, Food preference, Maturity stages and chemical analysis for food value determination. The results showed that the overall sex ratio is about M:F= 2:1 with percentage of 67.41% for males and 32.50% for females. Males are significantly bigger than females with average mantle length (ML) of 233.3 and 269.3 mm for female and male, respectively; with body weight of 1102.3 and 1450.6 g. The mantle length body weight relationship was found W=0.001 ML 2.540 (R2= 0.92) Female as: W= 0.0015 ML 4797 (R2= 0.93) male From point of feeding, the food preferences results indicated that fish is considered as main food, crabs as minor food and other marine organisms such as bivalvia and gastropods as random food. The highest vacuity Index (CV) and empty stomachs was determined for March-April and the lowest value was is December. Also, the maximum GSI was estimated for March-April months in which showing coherrances with the lowest food preference. The maximum spermatophoricfilaments were 856 and 45 for male pharaoh cuttlefish with mantle length of 300 and 185 mm, and on the other hand this values for fecundity were estimated 1589 and 53 for female specimens with 254 and 198 mm mantle length. The spawning season occurs in April- March in which accompany with migration of pharaoh cuttlefish towards shallow waters. The fishing season would be in this period in w.
    Beschreibung: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Biological ; Chemical ; Sepia pharaonis ; Gillnet ; Sampling ; Specimens ; Weight ; Sex ; Gonado-somatic index ; Spawning ; Maturity ; Female ; Male ; Bivalvia ; Gastropods
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Report , Refereed
    Format: 85pp.
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  • 5
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    Effect of brood size on reproduction indices and growth in larvae to stage fingerling of Shibot (Barbus grypus) (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Ahvaz, Iran
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: This study was carried out to determine the effect of size of Barbus grypus broodstocks on reproductive ...
    Beschreibung: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Fish ; Broodstock ; Hormone ; Male ; Female
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Report , Not Known
    Format: 129pp.
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  • 6
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    An investigation on all male production of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under the condition of brackish water in Bafgh (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: This study was aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of two hormones and an anti-aromatase, i.e. 17 methyl testosterone (MT), methyl di hydrotestosterone (MDHT) or mestanolone and letozole in masculinization of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under the condition of brackish water in Bafgh station situated in Yazd province in center of Iran. Each experiment in this study was consisted of 5 treaments with 3 replicates each. A number of 1725 larvaes was distributed randomly among 15 replicates at the beginning of each experiment. Each experiment lasted 45 days and the larvaes were reared in aerated flow-through pots and fiberglass tanks filled with brackish water. The averages for temperature, salinity, pH and dissolved oxygen of water were 26.9 ê, 8 g/l, 7.6 and 5.78% respectively during this study. In experiment 1, three different doses of 40, 60 and 100 mg MT/k of feed were fed to different groups of 7 day post fertilization (dpf) larvaes for 45 days from the beginning of the experiment. The results showed that the larvaes in 40 mg group were 100 percent masculinized based on squash test performed at the end of the experiment but masculinization rates of those in 60 and 100 mg groups were 99.7 and 96.2 perecent respectively. Based on Dunkan test, total body length and weight averages measured in biometry 3 (at the end of the experiment) were not significantly different among groups but in biometry 2 (30 days after the beginning of experiment), they were significantly lesser only in 40 mg group (P〈0.05). There was significant differences in survival rate of different groups of larvaes in this experiment based on chi-square test (χ=31.166, P〈0.05) and the values in 40 and 100 mg groups (74.5 and 82.9% respectively) were lesser than those in 60 mg, control 1 and control 2 groups (84.3, 89.0 and 87.0 respectively). In experiment 2, masculinization rates of two different groups of larvaes immersed in 1800 µg MDHT/liter once in 10dpf and twice in 10 and 14dpf were 80.0 and 91.9 percent respectively. There were no significant differences in total body length and weight averages measured in biometry 2 between different groups but significant differences were observed in total body length only in biometry 3 (P〈0.05) where the highest values occurred in experiment 1 and control 1 groups and the lowest one in experiment 2. Significant differences observed in survival rate of different groups of larvaes in this experiment based on chi-square test (χ=15.165, P〈0.05) and the rates in experiment 1, control 2 and 3 groups (89.9, 86.4 and 89.9% respectively) were higher than those in experiment 2 and control 1 groups (82.0 and 82.3 respectively). In experiment 3, three different doses of anti-aromatse letrozole (200, 300 and 400 mg/k feed) were fed to different groups of 7 day post fertilization (dpf) larvaes for 45 days from the beginning of the experiment. The larvaes in 400 group .were all masculinized whereas the masculinization rates in 200 and 300 mg groups were 99.0 and 99.6% respectively. There were significant differences in total body length and weight averages measured in biometry 2 and 3 among groups in this experiment (P〈0.05) where the highest and the lowest values occurred in control 2 and experime2 groups respectively. Based on chi-square, the survival rate of different groups was significantly different (χ=41.119, P〈0.05) and the lowest rate occurred in experiment 2 group. No significant differences observed in gender ratios whithin all control groups in this study based on chi-square test. According to the findings aquired under the condition of brackish water at the present study, it would be potentially recommended to use MT and letrozole for the production of all male polpulations of Nile tilapia fish in order to provide fish farmers with no harmful environmental impacts on water sources in rivers and seas which occured due to the uncontroled breeding of tilapia. However, more research is needed to draw firm conclusions to use hormones and in especial anti-aromase letrozole because of the shortage of sufficient data in current references.
    Beschreibung: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Masculinization ; Nile tilapia ; 17α-methyl testosterone ; Methyl di hydro testosterone ; Mestanolone ; Body weight gain ; Total body lenght ; Brackish water ; Male ; Oreochromis niloticus ; Hormones ; Temperature ; Salinity ; pH ; Dissolved oxygen ; Fertilization ; Survival rate ; Larvae ; Investigation
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Report , Refereed
    Format: 61pp.
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  • 7
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    A study on fishing status and some reproductive characteristics of Klunzinger’s mullet (Lize klunzingeri) in coastal waters of Khuzestan province (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: Biological characteristics of Liza klunzingeri were studied in two coastal areas, Sajaphi and Bahrekan, of eastern Khuzestan during March to February 2007. Among total 1880 measured fish specimens, 947 specimens were analyzed. The mean value of Gonado-somatic Index (GSI) for the male and female fish were calculated as 0.96± 1.39 and 3.25 ± 3.26 respectively. The GSI value was highest in November and lowest in July. The mean value of condition factor (K) was 1.25± 0.14 in male and 1.21± 0.15 for female. The highest K value were observed in June and the lowest value in February. The lenght at first maturity regardless of sexuality, was found to be 14.5 cm and the time of spawning based on reproduction pattern were determined in Nov- Dec. The length-weight relationship were calculated as Y=0.024L^2.76 (n=226R2=0.72) for males, Y=0.011L^3.00 (n=444R2= 0.78) for females and Y=0.0208L^2.82 (n=670R2 =0.82) for total fishes and also it’s found significant in level lengthweight relationship in (P〈0.05). According to biological characteristics and referring to American fisheries society (AFS) indices and Fuzzy logic expert system, Lize klunzingeri is classified as low vulnerable species.
    Beschreibung: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Lize klunzinger ; Gonado-somatic Index ; GSI ; Condition factor ; Biological characteristics ; Female ; Male ; Specimens ; Fisheries
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Report , Refereed
    Format: 39pp.
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  • 8
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    An Investigation on Ecology of Mudskippers in Hormuzgan Coastal Areas (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: The most important habitats of mudskippers are muddy areas in tidal zone of tropical mangrove forests. Mudskippers are related to Oxudercinae subfamily of Gobiid fishes. Three most distributed species of Hormozgan mudskippers were Periophthalmus waltoni, Boleophthalmus dussumieri and Scartelaos tenuis. These fishes can be considered as euryhaline and eurythermal aquatic species, because they can tolerate a wide range of salinity and temperature. A research was done since september 2008 to september 2009 in two important mangrove regions of Hormuzgan (Tyab and Khamir) to determine some ecological characteristics of inhabited mudskipper species. Results showed that nitrate levels are significantly different between tidal lines and seasons (P〈0.05). Maximum nitrite concentrations were recorded 53.2 and 92.5 µg/l in Khamir and Tyab respectively. The annual correlation matrix showed that a positive correlation between phosphate concentration and nitrite and silicate (P〈0.05). Silicate concentration was very high, because of too low density of diatoms and radiolarians. Some species of diatoms, dinoflagellates, cyanobacteria and larvae of crustacea and echinoderms were observed with different density and diversity. Sediment composition of the studied areas were categorized in three classes (clay, sand and clay - sand). Polychaetes formed dominant group of benthic fauna in Tyab and Khamir areas. High density of capitellid worms was possibly related to some environmntal stress caused by activity of fishing and cargo vessels. It was not observed significant difference between fishes length in two areas (P〈0.05); Mean lengths of P. waltoni, B. dussumieri and S. tenuis were calculated 9.85, 14.7 and 11.5 cm respectively. Spawning period of each three species in both areas were obtained from late winter to late spring based on gonadosomatic index values. Male to female sex ratio of P. waltoni, B. dussumieri and S. tenuis were calculated 1:0.45, 1:0.41and 1:0.74 respectively. Absolute fecundity of P. waltoni, B. dussumieri and S. tenuis were estimated 3558 ± 2202, 3952 ± 1030 and 6742 ± 1939 respectively. P. waltoni feeds mainly on fiddler crab, S. tenuis uses crustaceans and gastropods and B. dussumieri has a vegetarian diet.
    Beschreibung: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Mudskippers ; Ecology ; Periophthalmus waltoni ; Boleophthalmus dussumieri ; Scartelaos tenuis ; Female ; Male ; Benthic fauna
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Report , Refereed
    Format: 97pp.
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  • 9
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    Bester (beluga ♀ × starlet ♂) production and comparing their growth with beluga in Iran (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: Aquaculture for human consuming species is being considered as the first substitution of catching aquatic species due to increase of human population and decrease of wild aquatic stocks. In this study, the hybrid sturgeon Bester (female beluga x male sterlet ) was produced for the first time in Iran. Sperm of 1.35 kg male Acipenser ruthenus was used to fertilize the eggs of 125 kg female Huso huso in Shahid Marjani Sturgeon propagation center (Agh Ghala, Golestan province). The fries of bester and control treatment of beluga were transported to International Sturgeon Research Institute (Rasht) after about one month by reaching to 490 mg and 377 mg of weight respectively. All fishes fed by artificial concentrated food (48-50% protein and 15-17% fat) after a period of feeding with Artemia and Daphnia. Sorting was carried out according to increase of fish weight for both fishes. Results showed that the imported sterlet spawners were not at the high maturation stages and especially the males had not suitable sperm quality. It showed that up to 2 months of age , these was no significant difference between bester and beluga weight but from this age up to 2 months of age the weight of beluga was greater. Meanwhile from 2 months old up to the end of the study (21 months) the weight of bester sample was significantly greater than beluga. The comparison of FCR for the whole rearing period showed no difference between bester and beluga (2.4 and 2.3 respectively). In general, the increase and decrease pattern of GR and SGR were coincided to each other, but showed monthly differences. Growth rate (GR) and specific growth rate (SGR) of bester were greater than beluga from 4th and 3rd month of rearing period respectively.
    Beschreibung: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Aquaculture ; Beluga ; Sterlet ; Bester ; Growth Rate ; Aquatic ; Species ; Population ; Female ; Male ; Acipenser ruthenus ; Huso huso ; Sturgeon ; Artemia
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Report , Refereed
    Format: 55pp.
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  • 10
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    Reproduction biology of Astacus leptodactylus eichwaldi in the Iranian coastal water of the Caspian Sea (Bandar Anzali) (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: Sampling of Astacus leptodactylusc were conducted in order to determination of biometrical and biological parameters suchas length , weight , sex ratio , fecundity and natural reproduction time . Two transect were selected at 49 34 and 49 36 geographical position on east Caspian Sea near to Anzali city . Metalic foulding trap with Silurus glanis as attractive diet were used to catch Astacus leptodactylusc At each line the traps were set on depth of 35,45 ,55 and 65 (5 trap at each depth) . Random sampling from each depth on tow lin for one year were conducted and the biometry performed on catched Astacus leptodactylusc where their sext uality and their ration were detemined for eacd month , season and whole year. absolute fecundity determined by cooking Astacus leptodactylusc , taking out the ovary weighing and counting them .Working fecundity assesed by separating eggs from their swiming leges while enomerate all egg . Complete randomized test of ANOVA for analysing the data were employed. The results showed average length and welght were calculated 122/07±1/74mm and 57/96±1/81gr respectively. Average absolute fecundity was 310/22 ±10/72 eggs , average working fecundity was 251/84±8/84 eggs , Average ovary weight was determined 4/31 ±619 gr and average number of eggs in one gr was 74/52±1/53 eggs .The sextual ratio in all year long was 1:1.32 . The reproduction season is about seven month from Febrary to July and the moulting of males occures two times each year. One of time is at may and the other is in September . The female molt thtina as the male start for second time.
    Beschreibung: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Biometrical ; Biological ; Biology ; Astacus leptodactylus eichwaldi ; Sex ratio ; Fecundity ; Silurus glanis ; ANOVA ; Female ; Male ; Coastal water
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Report , Refereed
    Format: 78pp.
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  • 11
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    Status of the tiger tooth croaker, Otolithes ruber (Schneider, 1801) and jinga shrimp, Metapenaeus affinis(H. Milne Edwards, 1837) stocks in Khouzestan coastal waters (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: Population dynamics parameters and exploitation ratio of Jinga Shrimp, Metapenaeus affinis were studied from Sep 2011 to Dec 2011 and data collected from two landing places (Hendijan and Lifee-Bosif). During the project, more than 2200 specimens of jinga shrimp were measured. The mean value of length for the male and female were calculated as 9.8±0.86, 10.24±1.18 and mean value of weight for the male and female was as 6.730±1.64, 8.14±2.90 respectively. The length-weight relation were calculated as TW=0.024TL2.24 (n=1084,R2=0.71) for males, TW=0.011TL2.80 (n=1081,R2= 0.81) for females also we found significant different level length-weight relation in P〈0.05. The growth parameters of von Bertalanffy equation were as, L∞: 14.73 and K: 1.1 and t0: -0.02. The estimated valve of total mortality, natural mortality, fishing mortality and exploitation ratio is Z: 4.35, M: 1.68, F: 2.67, E: 0.61 respectively. By using method analyses knife-edge selection, relative yield per recruitment (Y'/R) :0.014, relative biomass per recruitment, (B'/R) :0.085., Exploitation ratio maximum sustainable yield, Emax : 0.38; biological reference points for Jinga Shrimp stock was calculated. MSY and fmsy value was 600T and 46100day respectively. Result in this study showed exploitation ratio Jinga Shrimp stock is over fishing and decreases exploitation ratio proposed.
    Beschreibung: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Biological ; Jinga Shrimp ; Population ; Dynamics ; Exploitation ; Tiger tooth Croaker ; Otolithes ruber ; Metapenaeus affinis ; Population ; Male ; Female ; Mortality ; Coastal waters
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Report , Refereed
    Format: 202pp.
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  • 12
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    Study of Possibility of Reproduction and Mass Culture of Nereis diversicolor (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: The present study was firstly conducted to study the rate of sexual maturity in Nereis diversicolor under suitable conditions of temperature and photoperiod. The second objective was to determine the potential of artificial breeding in these worms for mass culture. Nereis diversicolor worms were collected from the Anzali lagoon in 4000 sampling operations during the years 2004 to 2006 using Ekman grab with a surface area of 400 cm2. The water salinity, temperature and total organic matter (TOM) of sediments in the sampling region was recorded. The worms were maintained in 0.5 tons (1 x 1 m2) tanks containing clayey-muddy sediment to a height of 20 cm covered with 10 cm water (5 ‰) until they reached a weight of 200-300 mg. Sexual maturity in this species was attained at 4-6 ºC and spawning occurred at approximately 16 ºC. The first gametes were observed five weeks after the temperature increased from 6 to 16 ºC. Sexual maturity was studied at various salinities (0.5, 5, 12, and 15 ‰). Results indicate that these worms attained earlier sexual maturity at salinity of 15 ‰, compared to other salinities studied. No significant differences (P〉0.05) were observed between sexual maturity attained at 12 ‰ and 15 ‰. Stocking density (20, 50, 100, 150 worms) was studied in terms of sex and showed that number of females were higher than males and the ratio was 11:1 (female:male). No significant differences (P〉0.05) were observed between the various stocking densities and their replicates. The effect of light and photoperiod in synchronizing reproduction in male and female N. diversicolor was studied. It was evident that reproduction behavior in adult worms increased for a period of one week at the end of each month after they are exposed to a prolonged photoperiod (L:D=16:8) followed by a period of dim light (simulated using 1 W lamps). Feeding trials were carried out with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, formulated fish diets and humus. Results showed that this diet was effective in speeding up sexual maturity in worms and significant effect of treatment was observed (P〈0.05) in worms fed a diet of humus alone. Eggs and sperms were fertilized and worms developed from the young monotrochophore with jelly layer to the trochophore larvae.
    Beschreibung: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Reproduction ; Sexual Maturity ; Fertilization ; Nereis Diversicolor ; Culture ; Salinity ; Temperature ; Spawning ; Female ; Male ; Larvae ; Sacchromyces cerevisiae ; Density
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Report , Refereed
    Format: 68pp.
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  • 13
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    Study the possibility of Migration and Natural reproduction of Sturgeons in the Sefidroud River (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: The operations of this project commenced with the capture and tagging of four spawners in the spring of 2006 and 2007 in the Sepidrud River. Three male Acipenser persicus spawners and one male A. stellatus spawner were collected by beach seine (120 m long, 6 m high and mesh size of 10 and 15 cm) and waiting nets. Spawners were tagged with radio transmitters with a frequency between 150-151 MHz. These transmitters were used for the first time in Iran on fish. Signals were received using a radio receiver model WTI-1000 (Wildlife Track Inc.) with Yagi antennae and a Telex ProAir 1500 earphone. Tagged spawners were tracked from the land (along the river margin) and in water in motor boats. The aim of this study was to study the potential for migration and natural reproduction in sturgeons in the Sepidrud River. Water temperature during the study period varied between 12-26 ֯C in the first year and between 16-22 ֯C in the second year of the study. The A. stellatus spawner weighed 6 kg while the A. persicus spawners weighed between 11 to 25 kg. Sperm motility of A. stellatus spawner was 39%, sperm density was 0.42x109 ml and motility time was 15 sec., while in A. persicus spawners, sperm motility varied between 50-65%, sperm density was between 0.500x109 to 0.865x109 ml and motility time of sperms varied between 20-42 sec. Tracking tagged spawners revealed that A. stellatus spawners moved at an average speed of 1100 m h-1 (influenced by the strong currents in the river) while A. persicus spawners moved downstream at an average speed of 90 m h-1. Results of the present study indicate the presence of potential barriers such as water temperature, river water flow, physiological conditions of spawners in terms of sexual maturity, and the presence of fishers and fishing gear, for the migration of sturgeon spawners in the Sepidrud River. However the spawners were able to escape the various fishing gear set up in the Sepidrud River and return to the sea, indicating the possibility of natural reproduction in this river.
    Beschreibung: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Physiological ; Radio transmitters ; Migration ; Sturgeons ; Spawners ; Male ; Acipenser persicus ; A. stellatus ; Temperature ; A. persicus ; Sperm ; Motility ; Sexual maturity
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Report , Refereed
    Format: 60pp.
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  • 14
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    Investigation of production possibility of monosex female and sterile fish in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25147 | 18721 | 2018-08-26 16:54:41 | 25147 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-16
    Beschreibung: This investigation carried out for the first time in Iran inorder to prodcution of monosex female and also sterilization in Rainbow trout. In this study, the eggs of general females were fertilized with the sperm of sex reversed male and so monosex female population was produced in second generation and sterilization carried out with oral administration of 17α methy 1 testosterone and immenrsion and oral administiration methods were used in embryonic stage and from commencing of acitve feeding of larvae, respectiverly. For sex reversal , 13 treatments were considered totally, that the most percentage of male (100%) was observedc in a treatment including of orally administration of 0.5 ppm hormone for 60 days after commencing active feeding (P〈0.001). In the other treamtnet, different percentages of sex ratio including male, female, intersex and sterility were observed. The offspring of genral eggs fertilization with the sperm of masculinized fish were 100% female, chisquare test was shown the treatment of orally administration of 30 ppm hormone for 120 days after commencing active feeding that had been considered for sterilization, was produced 90% sterile fish (P〈0.001) and was changed the sex ratio significancthy. Morphological changes of the gonads and sperm ducts in matured fish and also histological changes in the gonads of fish in the treamtints were considerable.
    Schlagwort(e): Biology ; Iran ; Monosex ; Female ; Male ; Sterilization ; Rainbow trout ; Eggs ; Fertilized ; Sperm ; Population ; Sex ; Fish ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Rainbow trout
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 58
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  • 15
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    Bester (beluga ♀ × starlet ♂) production and comparing their growth with beluga in Iran (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25193 | 18721 | 2018-09-03 17:21:38 | 25193 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-16
    Beschreibung: Aquaculture for human consuming species is being considered as the first substitution of catching aquatic species due to increase of human population and decrease of wild aquatic stocks. In this study, the hybrid sturgeon Bester (female beluga x male sterlet) was produced for the first time in Iran. Sperm of 1.35 kg male Acipenser ruthenus was used to fertilize the eggs of 125 kg female Huso huso in Shahid Marjani Sturgeon propagation center (Agh Ghala, Golestan province). The fries of bester and control treatment of beluga were transported to International Sturgeon Research Institute (Rasht) after about one month by reaching to 490 mg and 377 mg of weight respectively. All fishes fed by artificial concentrated food (48-50% protein and 15-17% fat) after a period of feeding with Artemia and Daphnia. Sorting was carried out according to increase of fish weight for both fishes. Results showed that the imported sterlet spawners were not at the high maturation stages and especially the males had not suitable sperm quality. It showed that up to 2 months of age , these was no significant difference between bester and beluga weight but from this age up to 2 months of age the weight of beluga was greater. Meanwhile from 2 months old up to the end of the study (21 months) the weight of bester sample was significantly greater than beluga. The comparison of FCR for the whole rearing period showed no difference between bester and beluga (2.4 and 2.3 respectively). In general, the increase and decrease pattern of GR and SGR were coincided to each other, but showed monthly differences. Growth rate (GR) and specific growth rate (SGR) of bester were greater than beluga from 4th and 3rd month of rearing period respectively.
    Schlagwort(e): Aquaculture ; Iran ; Golestan Province ; Aquaculture ; Beluga ; Sterlet ; Bester ; Growth Rate ; Aquatic ; Species ; Population ; Female ; Male ; Acipenser ruthenus ; Huso huso ; Sturgeon ; Artemia
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 55
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  • 16
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    A survey on plankto an investigation on ecology of mudskippers in Hormuzgan coastal areas communities in Bandar Abbas coastal area (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25836 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 10:31:51 | 25836 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-16
    Beschreibung: The most important habitats of mudskippers are muddy areas in tidal zone of tropical mangrove forests. Mudskippers are related to Oxudercinae subfamily of Gobiid fishes. Three most distributed species of Hormozgan mudskippers were Periophthalmus waltoni, Boleophthalmus dussumieri and Scartelaos tenuis. These fishes can be considered as euryhaline and eurythermal aquatic species, because they can tolerate a wide range of salinity and temperature. A research was done since september 2008 to september 2009 in two important mangrove regions of Hormuzgan (Tyab and Khamir) to determine some ecological characteristics of inhabited mudskipper species. Results showed that nitrate levels are significantly different between tidal lines and seasons (P〈0.05). Maximum nitrite concentrations were recorded 53.2 and 92.5 µg/l in Khamir and Tyab respectively. The annual correlation matrix showed that a positive correlation between phosphate concentration and nitrite and silicate (P〈0.05). Silicate concentration was very high, because of too low density of diatoms and radiolarians. Some species of diatoms, dinoflagellates, cyanobacteria and larvae of crustacea and echinoderms were observed with different density and diversity. Sediment composition of the studied areas were categorized in three classes (clay, sand and clay - sand). Polychaetes formed dominant group of benthic fauna in Tyab and Khamir areas. High density of capitellid worms was possibly related to some environmntal stress caused by activity of fishing and cargo vessels. It was not observed significant difference between fishes length in two areas (P〈0.05); Mean lengths of P. waltoni, B. dussumieri and S. tenuis were calculated 9.85, 14.7 and 11.5 cm respectively. Spawning period of each three species in both areas were obtained from late winter to late spring based on gonadosomatic index values. Male to female sex ratio of P. waltoni, B. dussumieri and S. tenuis were calculated 1:0.45, 1:0.41and 1:0.74 respectively. Absolute fecundity of P. waltoni, B. dussumieri and S. tenuis were estimated 3558 ± 2202, 3952 ± 1030 and 6742 ± 1939 respectively. P. waltoni feeds mainly on fiddler crab, S. tenuis uses crustaceans and gastropods and B. dussumieri has a vegetarian diet.
    Schlagwort(e): Ecology ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Hormozgan Province ; Mudskippers ; Ecology ; Periophthalmus waltoni ; Boleophthalmus dussumieri ; Scartelaos tenuis ; Female ; Male ; Benthic fauna
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    Materialart: monograph
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    Format: application/pdf
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  • 17
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    A study on fishing status and some reproductive characteristics of Klunzinger’s mullet (Lize klunzingeri) in coastal waters of Khuzestan province (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25845 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 08:35:24 | 25845 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-16
    Beschreibung: Biological characteristics of Liza klunzingeri were studied in two coastal areas, Sajaphi and Bahrekan, of eastern Khuzestan during March to February 2007. Among total 1880 measured fish specimens, 947 specimens were analyzed. The mean value of Gonado-somatic Index (GSI) for the male and female fish were calculated as 0.96± 1.39 and 3.25 ± 3.26 respectively. The GSI value was highest in November and lowest in July. The mean value of condition factor (K) was 1.25± 0.14 in male and 1.21± 0.15 for female. The highest K value were observed in June and the lowest value in February. The lenght at first maturity regardless of sexuality, was found to be 14.5 cm and the time of spawning based on reproduction pattern were determined in Nov- Dec. The length-weight relationship were calculated as Y=0.024L^2.76 (n=226R2=0.72) for males, Y=0.011L^3.00 (n=444R2= 0.78) for females and Y=0.0208L^2.82 (n=670R2 =0.82) for total fishes and also it’s found significant in level length weight relationship in (P〈0.05). According to biological characteristics and referring to American fisheries society (AFS) indices and Fuzzy logic expert system, Lize klunzingeri is classified as low vulnerable species.
    Schlagwort(e): Biology ; Iran ; Khuzestan province ; Sajaphi ; Bahrekan ; Lize klunzinger ; Gonado-somatic Index ; GSI ; Condition factor ; Biological characteristics ; Female ; Male ; Specimens ; Fisheries
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    Materialart: monograph
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 39
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  • 18
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    Reproduction biology of Astacus leptodactylus eichwaldi in the Iranian coastal water of the Caspian Sea (Bandar Anzali) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25270 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 07:54:06 | 25270 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-16
    Beschreibung: Sampling of Astacus leptodactylusc were conducted in order to determination of biometrical and biological parameters suchas length, weight, sex ratio, fecundity and natural reproduction time. Two transect were selected at 49 34 and 49 36 geographical position on east Caspian Sea near to Anzali city. Metallic folding trap with Silurus glanis as attractive diet were used to catch Astacus leptodactylusc at each line the traps were set on depth of 35, 45, 55 and 65 (5 trap at each depth). Random sampling from each depth on tow lin for one year were conducted and the biometry performed on catched Astacus leptodactylusc where their sext uality and their ration were determined for eacd month , season and whole year. Absolute fecundity determined by cooking Astacus leptodactylusc , taking out the ovary weighing and counting them .Working fecundity assesed by separating eggs from their swiming leges while enomerate all egg . Complete randomized test of ANOVA for analysing the data were employed. The results showed average length and welght were calculated 122/07±1/74mm and 57/96±1/81gr respectively. Average absolute fecundity was 310/22 ±10/72 eggs , average working fecundity was 251/84±8/84 eggs, Average ovary weight was determined 4.31±0.619 gr and average number of eggs in one gr was 74/52±1/53 eggs. The sextual ratio in all year long was 1:1.32. The reproduction season is about seven month from Feburary to July and the moulting of males occurs two times each year. One of time is at May and the other is in September. The female molt thtina as the male start for second time.
    Schlagwort(e): Biology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Bandar Anzali ; Biology ; Astacus leptodactylus eichwaldi ; Sex ratio ; Fecundity ; Silurus glanis ; ANOVA ; Female ; Male ; Coastal water
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    Materialart: monograph
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 78
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  • 19
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    Survey on health status in aquaculture sturgeons centers (Mazandaran, Guilan And Golestan Provinces) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25330 | 18721 | 2018-09-13 12:40:49 | 25330 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-16
    Beschreibung: Study of survey health management and diseases in hatcheries and fish farms can help us to knowledge and application control methods such as: prevention, treatment and increase high levels of production in hatchery and farms, finally. This survey carried out from 2005 to 2008 for 4 years in sturgeon hatcheries and farms of Golestan province. Sturgeon fishes include Huso Huso, Ship sturgeon, Acipenser persicus collected and for virology, bacteriology, fungius and hematology examined. Also, physicochemical parameters measured and recorded in different stages of culture. Results of this study showed that all of samples in virology was negative and did not observe any doubetful causes. In bacteriology CFU was variation from 3/9 ×105 to 6/9×10. The most parasites that detected in this survey was Cocolanus espherolanus, Sceria binopsulus semiarmatus and Amphilina fuliacea that separates from Acipenser Percicus, especially. The results about hematology parameters some important hematological indices of ship sturgeon include: The total RBC for female and mail specimens measured as 5.3±1.5 ×10^5, 4.8±0.5×10^5 per mm^3 respectively. The amount of haematocrit and hemoglobin for female and mail determined: 34.3±2.8, 35±1.4 percent and 10.3±0.9, 8.9±0.8 gr/dl .The MCV: 216.3± 96.2, 736.5± 102.5, MCH: 720.2±309.5, 186±0.7 and MCHC: 30±0.8, 25.5±3.4 percent respectively.The total WBC were (female, male): 21320±1054, 20580±777 per mm^3 and neutrophil: 16.4±2.5, 17±1.4 percent and lymphocyte: 74.4±2.4, 73.5± 0.7 percent and eosinophil: 6±1.4, 6.4±0.5 percent, monocyte: 2.8±0.8, 3.5±0.7 percent. There was not any significant differences (p〉0.05) between mentioned parameters in male and female (students t-test). Also evaluation of hematological parameters in bluga ( Huso huso) include: total RBC were (male , female) 5±0.3 ×105 , 4.9±0.6 ×105 per mm^3 ,respectively and hematocrit: 33.2±6.7 , 35.4±3.4 percent and hemoglobin: 11.2±1.5 , 12.2±1gr/dl and MCV: 669.9±172.2, 723.9±982.4 and MCH: 226.2±42.5, 249.5±35.4 and MCHC: 34.1±2.4, 34.6±3.6 percent respectively. The totals WBC were (male, female): 24800±707.1, 23042±1375.4 per mm^3 and neutrophil: 18.5±0.7, 21.4±1.1 percent and lymphocyte: 73.5±1.4, 68.4±1.1 percent and eosinophil: 5±2.8, 7±1.2 percent and monocyte: 3.5±3.5, 3.2±0.8 percent. According to statistically study the count of lymphocyte had significant difference between male and female fish and this count in male was higher than female. (p≥0.05).
    Schlagwort(e): Aquaculture ; Iran ; Golestan Province ; Mazandaran Province ; Guilan Province ; Fish ; Sturgeon ; Huso huso ; Ship ; Acipenser percicus ; Bacteriology ; Parasitology ; Health management ; Diseases ; Survey ; Aquaculture ; Hatcheries ; Samples ; Sceria binopsulus ; Amphilina fuliacea ; Female ; Male
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: monograph
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    Format: application/pdf
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  • 20
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    Biological aspects of Sepia pharaonis in the Bahrekan waters (NW Persian Gulf) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25182 | 18721 | 2018-09-03 17:06:03 | 25182 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-16
    Beschreibung: The biological aspects of Sepia pharaonis was studied during years 2006-07. The studied area restricted to the Bahrekan in Khouzestan province covering the depths of 2 up to 25m. The sampling methods were gillnet and bottom trawl. A total of 310 specimens collected, of which there wasn’t found any cuttlefish in the study area from July to October (5 months). The collected samples were transferred to the laboratory ashore for further biological measurements consist of: Mantle length, Body weight, sex determination. Gonado-Somatic Index, and determination of Spermatophoric Index, Spawning season, Food preference, Maturity stages and chemical analysis for food value determination. The results showed that the overall sex ratio is about M:F= 2:1 with percentage of 67.41% for males and 32.50% for females. Males are significantly bigger than females with average mantle length (ML) of 233.3 and 269.3 mm for female and male, respectively; with body weight of 1102.3 and 1450.6 g. The mantle length body weight relationship was found W=0.001 ML 2.540 (R2= 0.92) Female as: W= 0.0015 ML 4797 (R2= 0.93) male From point of feeding, the food preferences results indicated that fish is considered as main food, crabs as minor food and other marine organisms such as bivalvia and gastropods as random food. The highest vacuity Index (CV) and empty stomachs was determined for March-April and the lowest value was is December. Also, the maximum GSI was estimated for March-April months in which showing coherrances with the lowest food preference. The maximum spermatophoricfilaments were 856 and 45 for male pharaoh cuttlefish with mantle length of 300 and 185 mm, and on the other hand this values for fecundity were estimated 1589 and 53 for female specimens with 254 and 198 mm mantle length. The spawning season occurs in April- March in which accompany with migration of pharaoh cuttlefish towards shallow waters. The fishing season would be in this period in w.
    Schlagwort(e): Biology ; Iran ; Khouzestan province ; Bahrekan ; Sepia pharaonis ; Gillnet ; Sampling ; Specimens ; Weight ; Sex ; Gonado-somatic index ; Spawning ; Maturity ; Female ; Male ; Bivalvia ; Gastropods
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 21
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    Study of possibility of reproduction and mass culture of Nereis diversicolor (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25127 | 18721 | 2018-08-26 13:33:35 | 25127 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-16
    Beschreibung: The present study was firstly conducted to study the rate of sexual maturity in Nereis diversicolor under suitable conditions of temperature and photoperiod. The second objective was to determine the potential of artificial breeding in these worms for mass culture. Nereis diversicolor worms were collected from the Anzali lagoon in 4000 sampling operations during the year’s 2004 to 2006 using Ekman grab with a surface area of 400 cm2. The water salinity, temperature and total organic matter (TOM) of sediments in the sampling region was recorded. The worms were maintained in 0.5 tons (1 x 1 m^2) tanks containing clayey-muddy sediment to a height of 20 cm covered with 10 cm water (5 ‰) until they reached a weight of 200-300 mg. Sexual maturity in this species was attained at 4-6 ºC and spawning occurred at approximately 16 ºC. The first gametes were observed five weeks after the temperature increased from 6 to 16 ºC. Sexual maturity was studied at various salinities (0.5, 5, 12, and 15 ‰). Results indicate that these worms attained earlier sexual maturity at salinity of 15 ‰, compared to other salinities studied. No significant differences (P〉0.05) were observed between sexual maturity attained at 12 ‰ and 15 ‰. Stocking density (20, 50, 100, 150 worms) was studied in terms of sex and showed that number of females were higher than males and the ratio was 11:1 (female: male). No significant differences (P〉0.05) were observed between the various stocking densities and their replicates. The effect of light and photoperiod in synchronizing reproduction in male and female N. diversicolor was studied. It was evident that reproduction behavior in adult worms increased for a period of one week at the end of each month after they are exposed to a prolonged photoperiod (L:D=16:8) followed by a period of dim light (simulated using 1 W lamps). Feeding trials were carried out with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, formulated fish diets and humus. Results showed that this diet was effective in speeding up sexual maturity in worms and significant effect of treatment was observed (P〈0.05) in worms fed a diet of humus alone. Eggs and sperms were fertilized and worms developed from the young monotrochophore with jelly layer to the trochophore larvae.
    Schlagwort(e): Biology ; Iran ; Anzali Lagoon ; Reproduction ; Sexual Maturity ; Fertilization ; Nereis Diversicolor ; Culture ; Salinity ; Temperature ; Spawning ; Female ; Male ; Larvae ; Sacchromyces cerevisiae ; Density
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    Materialart: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 68
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  • 22
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    An investigation on all male production of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under the condition of brackish water in Bafgh (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25356 | 18721 | 2018-09-14 07:09:43 | 25356 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-16
    Beschreibung: This study was aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of two hormones and an anti-aromatase, i.e. 17a methyl testosterone (MT), methyl di hydrotestosterone (MDHT) or mestanolone and letozole in masculinization of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under the condition of brackish water in Bafgh station situated in Yazd province in center of Iran. Each experiment in this study was consisted of 5 treaments with 3 replicates each. A number of 1725 larvaes was distributed randomly among 15 replicates at the beginning of each experiment. Each experiment lasted 45 days and the larvaes were reared in aerated flow-through pots and fiberglass tanks filled with brackish water. The averages for temperature, salinity, pH and dissolved oxygen of water were 26.9 ê, 8 g/l, 7.6 and 5.78% respectively during this study. In experiment 1, three different doses of 40, 60 and 100 mg MT/k of feed were fed to different groups of 7 day post fertilization (dpf) larvaes for 45 days from the beginning of the experiment. The results showed that the larvaes in 40 mg group were 100 percent masculinized based on squash test performed at the end of the experiment but masculinization rates of those in 60 and 100 mg groups were 99.7 and 96.2 perecent respectively. Based on Dunkan test, total body length and weight averages measured in biometry 3 (at the end of the experiment) were not significantly different among groups but in biometry 2 (30 days after the beginning of experiment), they were significantly lesser only in 40 mg group (P〈0.05). There was significant differences in survival rate of different groups of larvaes in this experiment based on chi-square test (χ=31.166, P〈0.05) and the values in 40 and 100 mg groups (74.5 and 82.9% respectively) were lesser than those in 60 mg, control 1 and control 2 groups (84.3, 89.0 and 87.0 respectively). In experiment 2, masculinization rates of two different groups of larvaes immersed in 1800 µg MDHT/liter once in 10dpf and twice in 10 and 14dpf were 80.0 and 91.9 percent respectively. There were no significant differences in total body length and weight averages measured in biometry 2 between different groups but significant differences were observed in total body length only in biometry 3 (P〈0.05) where the highest values occurred in experiment 1 and control 1 groups and the lowest one in experiment 2. Significant differences observed in survival rate of different groups of larvaes in this experiment based on chi-square test (χ=15.165, P〈0.05) and the rates in experiment 1, control 2 and 3 groups (89.9, 86.4 and 89.9% respectively) were higher than those in experiment 2 and control 1 groups (82.0 and 82.3 respectively). In experiment 3, three different doses of anti-aromatse letrozole (200, 300 and 400 mg/k feed) were fed to different groups of 7 day post fertilization (dpf) larvaes for 45 days from the beginning of the experiment. The larvaes in 400 group .were all masculinized whereas the masculinization rates in 200 and 300 mg groups were 99.0 and 99.6% respectively. There were significant differences in total body length and weight averages measured in biometry 2 and 3 among groups in this experiment (P〈0.05) where the highest and the lowest values occurred in control 2 and experime2 groups respectively. Based on chi-square, the survival rate of different groups was significantly different (χ=41.119, P〈0.05) and the lowest rate occurred in experiment 2 group. No significant differences observed in gender ratios within all control groups in this study based on chi-square test. According to the findings acquired under the condition of brackish water at the present study, it would be potentially recommended to use MT and letrozole for the production of all male populations of Nile tilapia fish in order to provide fish farmers with no harmful environmental impacts on water sources in rivers and seas which occured due to the uncontroled breeding of tilapia. However, more research is needed to draw firm conclusions to use hormones and in especial anti-aromase letrozole because of the shortage of sufficient data in current references.
    Schlagwort(e): Aquaculture ; Iran ; Yazd province ; Bafgh ; Masculinization ; Nile tilapia ; 17α-methyl testosterone ; Methyl di hydro testosterone ; Mestanolone ; Body weight gain ; Total body lenght ; Brackish water ; Male ; Oreochromis niloticus ; Hormones ; Temperature ; Salinity ; pH ; Dissolved oxygen ; Fertilization ; Survival rate ; Larvae ; Investigation
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  • 23
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    Status of the tiger tooth croaker, Otolithes ruber (Schneider, 1801) and jinga shrimp, Metapenaeus affinis(H. Milne Edwards, 1837) stocks in Khouzestan coastal waters (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25404 | 18721 | 2018-09-20 12:28:18 | 25404 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-16
    Beschreibung: Population dynamics parameters and exploitation ratio of Jinga Shrimp, Metapenaeus affinis were studied from Sep 2011 to Dec 2011 and data collected from two landing places (Hendijan and Lifee-Bosif). During the project, more than 2200 specimens of jinga shrimp were measured. The mean value of length for the male and female were calculated as 9.8±0.86, 10.24±1.18 and mean value of weight for the male and female was as 6.730±1.64, 8.14±2.90 respectively. The length-weight relation were calculated as TW=0.024TL2.24 (n=1084,R^2=0.71) for males, TW=0.011TL2.80 (n=1081,R^2= 0.81) for females also we found significant different level length-weight relation in P〈0.05. The growth parameters of von Bertalanffy equation were as, L_∞: 14.73 and K: 1.1 and t0: -0.02. The estimated valve of total mortality, natural mortality, fishing mortality and exploitation ratio is Z: 4.35, M: 1.68, F: 2.67, E: 0.61 respectively. By using method analyses knife-edge selection, relative yield per recruitment (Y'/R) :0.014, relative biomass per recruitment, (B'/R) :0.085., Exploitation ratio maximum sustainable yield, Emax : 0.38; biological reference points for Jinga Shrimp stock was calculated. MSY and fmsy value was 600T and 46100day respectively. Result in this study showed exploitation ratio Jinga Shrimp stock is over fishing and decreases exploitation ratio proposed.
    Schlagwort(e): Aquaculture ; Iran ; Khuzestan province ; Jinga Shrimp ; Population ; Dynamics ; Exploitation ; Tiger tooth Croaker ; Otolithes ruber ; Metapenaeus affinis ; Population ; Male ; Female ; Mortality ; Coastal waters
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  • 24
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    Study of some biological characteristics of golden grey mullet (Liza aurata) in Iranian Coastal waters of the Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25184 | 18721 | 2018-09-03 17:16:24 | 25184 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-16
    Beschreibung: During last 65 years the catch of mullets had increasing trends with some fluctuations in the Iranian coastal water of the Caspian Sea .In this period about 138 thousand tons of mullets have been caught. Mullet’s account for 35% of total catch annually .In recent years species composition of mullets has chanched in the Iranian coastal water of the Caspian Sea and catch composition of golden grey mullet increased from 76% in 1995 to 98% in 2006. In this survey some biological characteristics of golden grey mullet have been studied in Iranian coastal water of the Caspian Sea .Fish samples have been gathered from commercial catch of beach seine cooperatives monthly in Iranian coastal water of the Caspian Sea over 2006 and 2007. In the laboratory fishes have been measured biometrically and biological parameters have been calculated .Also catch statistics of mullets during 2006-2007 have been obtained and discussed. Results showed that the catch of mullets in beach seine cooperatives during 2006 and 2007 was 4181 and 3685 tons respectively that golden grey mullet contribute 99% and 98% of the catch composition of mullets respectively. Length range of golden grey mullet caught by beach seine cooperatives was 19-50.2 cm with mean length of 32.7 ± 6.4 (± SD) and weight range was 67-1475 gr with mean weight of 411 ± 255 gr. The age structure of this species was comprised 2-10 years old fish with mean age of 4.42 years old. In this survey totally the sex ratio of male: female of golden grey mullet was 356: 434 that was significant variation from equal sex ratio. Pick of the spawning in Guilan province was in October and in Mazandaran and Golestan provinces was in November. In October the proportion of spawning females declined from western area (Guilan province) towards eastern parts (Golestan province).The highest proportion of spawning females was in December in Golestan province. The highest GSI index value was observed in September and October and it was decreased in November and December and it was consistent during January till April. The mean absolute fecundity was 700881±429987 eggs with minimum and maximum fecundity of 200112 and 2282862 eggs respectively. The Lm 50% for female golden grey mullet was calculated as 33.6 cm.
    Schlagwort(e): Biology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Golestan province ; Guilan province ; Golden grey mullet ; Liza aurata ; Species ; Survey ; Samples ; Male ; Female ; Sex ratio ; Spawning ; GSI ; Fecundity ; Coastal waters
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  • 25
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    Artificial propagation and Culture of Rutilus frisii kutum of Autumn form for restocking (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25202 | 18721 | 2018-09-05 16:22:51 | 25202 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-16
    Beschreibung: The Kutum, Rutilus frisii kutum, is one of the most important bony fishes in Iranian coastal of Caspian Sea. Its harvest range is between 9000-10000 tons in a year, nearly 60% of the income of Bony fish fishery produced by kutum fishery. The stock of this species reduced drastically in 1982 and the catch slumped to the less than 250 tons in a year. Kutum spawning grounds deterioration, illegal catch, and lack of restocking program were the main cause of the decline. This Spices in nature comprised by two distinct form, autumn and spring form. It is worth to be mentioned, by the effect of Caspian Sea Bony fishes Research Center s experts in 1983, artificial spawning and releasing the fries to the sea were commenced and the catch steadily improved. But all activities concerning restocking of kutum concentrated in spring form, as at present about 260 million its fries are released into sea for restocking by Iranian Fisheries Organization, but for above reasons and lack of restocking program, the populations of autumn form gravely shrinked and neared to be extinct. Therefore, to enhance the biodiversity and boost fishers livelihood of kutum in Caspian Sea this project implemented by cooperation of Iranian Fisheries Organization (IFRO) and Caspian Environment Program (CEP) in Aquaculture Institute (Inland Waters). In this project, brooders caught from Anzali lagoon and maintained in two different condition, include of floating cages in Anzali lagoon and earthen ponds in Sefidrud Fisheries Research Station. The results showed that there weren’t significant differences between two maintenance statuses in maturation period and other reproductive characteristics of brooders. The ratio of male to female was 1 to 1.4. Minimum and maximum weight measured 1450 to 3100 g (with average of 1850 g) in female and 670 to 1900 g (with average of 1165 g) in male, respectively. The first natural spawning of brooders occurred in the end of January in temperature of 8 till 10 °C in concrete ponds. Also, some of maintained brooders in earthen ponds spawned in February. The average number of absolute, function and relative fecundity determined 88565 16809, 73805 14008 and 48670 12056, respectively. For artificial spawning, male and female brooders injected by pituitary gland with dose of 2-3 and 4-5 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Approximately, 10 and 8 present of female were over-ripe and immature in March (artificial spawning time), respectively. More than 59 % of injected female brooders induced to spawning in first stage after 10-12 hours and 13 % of them in twice stage and 7-8 hours after first stage. And also, 27.6% of females didn’t positive response to injection. Dry method used for eggs fecundity and incubation period lasted 7- 10 days in 14-16 °C. In totally, eggs fertilization were more than 95% and the average of eggs fertilization percent in throughout of period measured more than 92.7 6 %. Eyed eggs appearance occurred 3 days after fecundity and its mean was 92.7 15.1%. Larvae after yolk sac absorption feed with dry milk for 4-5 days and then introduced into fertilized earthen ponds (500 m2 and equipped to aerators) in intensive condition and fed with micro pellet food for 3-4 month. In finally, more than 1.8 million fries of 1-2 g and some more than 5 g produced and released into Anzali lagoon to its restocking for first time. It is expected that continuing of restocking process of autumn form kutum by Iranian Fisheries Organization eventuate to population increasing of this form in Caspian Sea in future.
    Schlagwort(e): Aquaculture ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Anzali Lagoon ; Sefidrud River ; Artificial propagation ; Culture ; Rutilus frisii kutum ; Kutum ; Bony Fish ; Fishery ; Spawning ; Biodiversity ; Aquaculture ; Brooders ; Fecundity ; Male ; Female ; Population
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  • 26
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    Production of artificial diets and determination of their effects as alone and combination with natural wet diet on female western white shrimp broodstock maturation (Litopenaeus vannamei) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25801 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 08:37:23 | 25801 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-16
    Beschreibung: Due to the usefulness of shrimp broodstock pelleted diets, from aspects of, easier maintenance, transportation, broodstock feeding, and cheaper as compared to natural wet diets, the use of natural wet foods, include sand worm (Perinereis nuntica), cattle fish )Sepia pharaonis) and veal livier decreased and the quantity of pelleted diet increased. Survey was conducted, in tankes with a volume of 300 liters. Tanks were filled with 150 liters of water. 10 broodstock in each tank was left, with an average weight of 37±2 grams. Daily feeding rate, was twenty-five percent of their biomass. The survey was include, 9 treatments with 3 replicates in each tank as described below. Control treatment: broodstock feeding only with, sand worm (33%), cattle fish (34%) and bull livier (33%). Exprimental treatment 1: broodstock feeding with pelleted diet contain 50 percent crude protein and 8 percent crude fat (50%)+sand worm (16 %)+cattle fish (18%)+veal livier (16%). Treatment 2: broodstock feeding with pelleted diet contain 50 percent crude protein and 10 percent crude fat (50 %)+sand worm (16 %)+cattle fish (18%) and veal livier (16%). Treatment 3: broodstock feeding with pelleted diet contain 40 percent crude protein and 10 percent crude fat (50%)+sand worm (16 %)+cattle fish (18 %) and veal livier (16 %). Treatment 4: broodstock feeding with pelleted diet contain 40 percent crude protein and 8 percent crude fat (50 %)+sand worm (16 %)+cattle fish (18 %) and veal livier (16 %). Treatment 5: broodstock feeding with pelleted diet contain 50 percent crude protein and 10 percent crude fat (100 %). Treatment 6: broodstock feeding with pelleted diet contain 50 percent crude protein and 8 percent crude fat (100 %). Treatment 7: broodstock feeding with pelleted diet contain 40 percent crude protein and 10 percent crude fat (100 %). Treatment 8: broodstock feeding with pelleted diet contain 40 percent crude protein and 8 percent crude fat (100%). The results showed that, Gonadosomatic index (GSI) in treatments 3: control and 6, was significantly more than others treatments (p〈0.05). Hepatosomatic indexes, in often treatments was almost equal, and in some cases were significantly different (p〈0.05). In treatments 3 and control, absolute fecundity, was significantly more than others treatment (p〈0.05). The survival percent, in treatment 8 was significantly less than others treatments (p〈0.05). The survival percent in others treatments was not significantly difference (p〉0.05). From the aspect of mean weight of broodstock, wasn’t significant difference in treatments (p〉0.05). From the aspect of mean length of carapac, wasn’t significant difference in treatments (p〉0.05). From the aspect of mean body length, wasn’t significant difference in often treatments (p〉0.05), and in treatments 5 and 6 was significantly less than others (p〈0.05). In the determination of relasheship between kind of treatments and abundance of maturated broodsock, wasn’t significantly difference (p〉0.05). In the determination of, correlation between weight (g) and total length(cm), (r=0.71), weight and carapace length (cm) (r=0.70), the correlation was strong. Between GSI, HIS, carapace length and total length the correlation was intermediate (r=0.54). The correlation between absolutely fecundity and total length (r=0.20), absolutely fecundity and carapace length (r=0.28), absolutely fecundity and weight (r=0.35) was weak. The results showed that, the use of combination of pelleted diet and natural wet diets can increase female maturation indexes. Totally we can noted that, GSI, HIS and absolute fecundity of broodstock, that fed with pelleted diet contain 40 percent crude protein and 10 percent crude fat (50 %)+sand worm (16 %)+cattle fish (18 %) and veal livier (16 %) (treatment 3) was better than the other treatments. Positive effects of this treatnent on sexual indexes, was due to provide part of nutritional requirement of shrimp broodstock from pelleted diet.
    Schlagwort(e): Aquaculture ; Iran ; Natural wet diet ; Pelleted diets ; Maturation ; Male ; Female ; Western white shrimp ; Artifitial diets ; Broodstock ; Litopenaeus vannamei
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  • 27
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    Artificial Propagation and Culture of Rutilus frisii kutum of Autumn Form for Restocking (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: The Kutum, Rutilus frisii kutum, is one of the most important bony fishes in Iranian coastal of Caspian Sea. Its harvest range is between 9000-10000 tons in a year, nearly 60% of the income of Bony fish fishery produced by kutum fishery. The stock of this species reduced drastically in 1982 and the catch slumped to the less than 250 tons in a year. Kutum spawning grounds deterioration, illegal catch, lack of restocking program were the main cause of the decline. This Spices in nature comprised by two distinct form, autumn and spring form. It is worth to be mentioned, by the effect of Caspian Sea Bony fishes Research Center s experts in 1983, artificial spawning and releasing the fries to the sea were commenced and the catch steadily improved. But all activities concerning restocking of kutum concentrated in spring form, as at present about 260 million its fries are released into sea for restocking by Iranian Fisheries Organization, but for above reasons and lack of restocking program, the populations of autumn form gravely shrinked and neared to be extinct. Therefore, to enhance the biodiversity and boost fishers livelihood of kutum in Caspian Sea this project implemented by cooperation of Iranian Fisheries Organization (IFRO) and Caspian Environment Program (CEP) in Aquaculture Institute (Inland Waters). In this project, brooders caught from Anzali lagoon and maintained in two different condition, include of floating cages in Anzali lagoon and earthen ponds in Sefidrud Fisheries Research Station. The results showed that there weren t significant differences between two maintenance statuses in maturation period and other reproductive characteristics of brooders. The ratio of male to female was 1 to 1.4. Minimum and maximum weight measured 1450 to 3100 g (with average of 1850 g) in female and 670 to 1900 g (with average of 1165 g) in male, respectively. The first natural spawning of brooders occurred in the end of January in temperature of 8 till 10 °C in concrete ponds. Also, some of maintained brooders in earthen ponds spawned in February. The average number of absolute, function and relative fecundity determined 88565 16809, 73805 14008 and 48670 12056, respectively. For artificial spawning, male and female brooders injected by pituitary gland with dose of 2-3 and 4-5 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Approximately, 10 and 8 present of female were over-ripe and immature in March (artificial spawning time), respectively. More than 59 % of injected female brooders induced to spawning in first stage after 10-12 hours and 13 % of them in twice stage and 7-8 hours after first stage. And also, 27.6% of females didn’t positive response to injection. Dry method used for eggs fecundity and incubation period lasted 7- 10 days in 14-16 °C. In totally, eggs fertilization were more than 95% and the average of eggs fertilization percent in throughout of period measured more than 92.7 6 %. Eyed eggs appearance occurred 3 days after fecundity and its mean was 92.7 15.1%. Larvae after yolk sac absorption feed with dry milk for 4-5 days and then introduced into fertilized earthen ponds (500 m2 and equipped to aerators) in intensive condition and fed with micro pellet food for 3-4 month. In finally, more than 1.8 millions fries of 1-2 g and some more than 5 g produced and released into Anzali lagoon to its restocking for first time. It is expected that continuing of restocking process of autumn form kutum by Iranian Fisheries Organization eventuate to population increasing of this form in Caspian Sea in future.
    Beschreibung: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Artificial propagation ; Culture ; Rutilus frisii kutum ; Kutum ; Bony Fish ; Fishery ; Spawning ; Biodiversity ; Aquaculture ; Brooders ; Fecundity ; Male ; Female ; Population
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Report , Refereed
    Format: 79pp.
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  • 28
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    Production of artifitial diets and determination of their effects as alone and combination with natural wet diet on female western white shrimp broodstock maturation (Litopenaeus vannamei) (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: Due to the usefulness of shrimp broodstock pelleted diets, from aspects of, easier maintenance, transportation, broodstock feeding, and cheaper as compared to natural wet diets, the use of natural wet foods, include sand worm (Perinereis nuntica), cattle fish )Sepia pharaonis) and veal livier decreased and the quantity of pelleted diet increased. Survey was conducted, in tankes with a volume of 300 liters. Tanks were filled with 150 liters of water. 10 broodstock in each tank was left, with an average weight of 37±2 grams. Daily feeding rate, was twenty-five percent of their biomass. The survey was include, 9 treatments with 3 replicates in each tank as described below. Control treatment: broodstock feeding only with, sand worm (33%), cattle fish (34%) and bull livier (33%). Exprimental treatment 1: broodstock feeding with pelleted diet contain 50 percent crude protein and 8 percent crude fat (50%)+sand worm (16 %)+cattle fish (18%)+veal livier (16%). Treatment 2: broodstock feeding with pelleted diet contain 50 percent crude protein and 10 percent crude fat (50 %)+sand worm (16 %)+cattle fish (18%) and veal livier (16%). Treatment 3: broodstock feeding with pelleted diet contain 40 percent crude protein and 10 percent crude fat (50%)+sand worm (16 %)+cattle fish (18 %) and veal livier (16 %). Treatment 4: broodstock feeding with pelleted diet contain 40 percent crude protein and 8 percent crude fat (50 %)+sand worm (16 %)+cattle fish (18 %) and veal livier (16 %). Treatment 5: broodstock feeding with pelleted diet contain 50 percent crude protein and 10 percent crude fat (100 %). Treatment 6: broodstock feeding with pelleted diet contain 50 percent crude protein and 8 percent crude fat (100 %). Treatment 7: broodstock feeding with pelleted diet contain 40 percent crude protein and 10 percent crude fat (100 %). Treatment 8: broodstock feeding with pelleted diet contain 40 percent crude protein and 8 percent crude fat (100%). The results showed that, Gonadosomatic index (GSI) in treatments 3: control and 6, was significantly more than others treatments (p〈0.05). Hepatosomatic indexes, in often treatments was almost equal, and in some cases were significantly different (p〈0.05). In treatments 3 and control, absolute fequndity, was significantly more than others treatment (p〈0.05). The survival percent, in treatment 8 was significantly less than others treatments (p〈0.05). The survival percent in others treatments was not significantly difference (p〉0.05). From the aspect of mean weight of broodstock, wasn’t significant difference in treatments (p〉0.05). From the aspect of mean length of carapac, wasn’t significant difference in treatments (p〉0.05). From the aspect of mean body length, wasn’t significant difference in often treatments (p〉0.05), and in treatments 5 and 6 was significantly less than others (p〈0.05). In the determination of relasheship between kind of treatments and abundance of maturated broodsock, wasn’t significantly difference (p〉0.05). In the determination of, correlation between weight (g) and total length(cm), (r=0.71), weight and carapace length (cm) (r=0.70), the correlation was strong. Between GSI, HIS, carapace length and total length the correlation was intermediate (r=0.54). The correlation between absolutely fecundity and total length (r=0.20), absolutely fecundity and carapace length (r=0.28), absolutely fecundity and weight (r=0.35) was weak. The results showed that, the use of combination of pelleted diet and natural wet diets can increase female maturation indexes. Totally we can noted that, GSI, HIS and absolute fecundity of broodstock, that fed with pelleted diet contain 40 percent crude protein and 10 percent crude fat (50 %)+sand worm (16 %)+cattle fish (18 %) and veal livier (16 %) (treatment 3) was better than the other treatments. Positive effects of this treatnent on sexual indexes, was due to provide part of nutritional requirement of shrimp broodstock from pelleted diet.
    Beschreibung: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Natural wet diet ; Pelleted diets ; Maturation ; Male ; Female ; Western white shrimp ; Artifitial diets ; Broodstock ; Litopenaeus vannamei
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Report , Refereed
    Format: 38pp.
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  • 29
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    Sex bias blights drug studies (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2010-03-20
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Check Hayden, Erika -- England -- Nature. 2010 Mar 18;464(7287):332-3. doi: 10.1038/464332b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20237530" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Biomedical Research/*methods ; Clinical Trials as Topic/methods ; Drug Evaluation/*methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Patient Selection ; Prejudice ; *Sex Characteristics ; Sex Distribution
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    The structural basis for autonomous dimerization of the pre-T-cell antigen receptor (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2010-10-15
    Beschreibung: The pre-T-cell antigen receptor (pre-TCR), expressed by immature thymocytes, has a pivotal role in early T-cell development, including TCR beta-selection, survival and proliferation of CD4(-)CD8(-) double-negative thymocytes, and subsequent alphabeta T-cell lineage differentiation. Whereas alphabetaTCR ligation by the peptide-loaded major histocompatibility complex initiates T-cell signalling, pre-TCR-induced signalling occurs by means of a ligand-independent dimerization event. The pre-TCR comprises an invariant alpha-chain (pre-Talpha) that pairs with any TCR beta-chain (TCRbeta) following successful TCR beta-gene rearrangement. Here we provide the basis of pre-Talpha-TCRbeta assembly and pre-TCR dimerization. The pre-Talpha chain comprised a single immunoglobulin-like domain that is structurally distinct from the constant (C) domain of the TCR alpha-chain; nevertheless, the mode of association between pre-Talpha and TCRbeta mirrored that mediated by the Calpha-Cbeta domains of the alphabetaTCR. The pre-TCR had a propensity to dimerize in solution, and the molecular envelope of the pre-TCR dimer correlated well with the observed head-to-tail pre-TCR dimer. This mode of pre-TCR dimerization enabled the pre-Talpha domain to interact with the variable (V) beta domain through residues that are highly conserved across the Vbeta and joining (J) beta gene families, thus mimicking the interactions at the core of the alphabetaTCR's Valpha-Vbeta interface. Disruption of this pre-Talpha-Vbeta dimer interface abrogated pre-TCR dimerization in solution and impaired pre-TCR expression on the cell surface. Accordingly, we provide a mechanism of pre-TCR self-association that allows the pre-Talpha chain to simultaneously 'sample' the correct folding of both the V and C domains of any TCR beta-chain, regardless of its ultimate specificity, which represents a critical checkpoint in T-cell development. This unusual dual-chaperone-like sensing function of pre-Talpha represents a unique mechanism in nature whereby developmental quality control regulates the expression and signalling of an integral membrane receptor complex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pang, Siew Siew -- Berry, Richard -- Chen, Zhenjun -- Kjer-Nielsen, Lars -- Perugini, Matthew A -- King, Glenn F -- Wang, Christina -- Chew, Sock Hui -- La Gruta, Nicole L -- Williams, Neal K -- Beddoe, Travis -- Tiganis, Tony -- Cowieson, Nathan P -- Godfrey, Dale I -- Purcell, Anthony W -- Wilce, Matthew C J -- McCluskey, James -- Rossjohn, Jamie -- England -- Nature. 2010 Oct 14;467(7317):844-8. doi: 10.1038/nature09448.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Protein Crystallography Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20944746" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Crystallography, X-Ray ; Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte/genetics ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; Protein Folding ; *Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/chemistry/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Solutions ; T-Lymphocytes/cytology/immunology/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    The primate connection (2010)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-07-16
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Trivedi, Bijal -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jul 15;466(7304):S5. doi: 10.1038/nature09236.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20631704" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): AIDS Vaccines/immunology ; Animals ; Chronic Disease ; Disease Models, Animal ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Genome, Viral/genetics ; HIV Infections/*immunology/physiopathology/virology ; HIV-1/genetics/growth & development/immunology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology ; Immunity, Innate/immunology ; Inflammation/immunology/pathology ; Interleukin-17/immunology ; Macaca/immunology/virology ; Male ; Physiology, Comparative/methods ; Primates/*immunology/metabolism/*virology ; Receptors, HIV/metabolism ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology/metabolism/virology ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/classification/genetics/pathogenicity/*physiology ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology/pathology ; Viral Load
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Males still dominate animal studies (2010)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-06-11
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zucker, Irving -- Beery, Annaliese K -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jun 10;465(7299):690. doi: 10.1038/465690a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departmentsof Psychology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. irvzuck@berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20535186" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Biomedical Research/ethics/*methods/trends ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; *Sex Characteristics ; Sex Distribution ; Sex Factors
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Single-molecule imaging reveals mechanisms of protein disruption by a DNA translocase (2010)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-11-26
    Beschreibung: In physiological settings, nucleic-acid translocases must act on substrates occupied by other proteins, and an increasingly appreciated role of translocases is to catalyse protein displacement from RNA and DNA. However, little is known regarding the inevitable collisions that must occur, and the fate of protein obstacles and the mechanisms by which they are evicted from DNA remain unexplored. Here we sought to establish the mechanistic basis for protein displacement from DNA using RecBCD as a model system. Using nanofabricated curtains of DNA and multicolour single-molecule microscopy, we visualized collisions between a model translocase and different DNA-bound proteins in real time. We show that the DNA translocase RecBCD can disrupt core RNA polymerase, holoenzymes, stalled elongation complexes and transcribing RNA polymerases in either head-to-head or head-to-tail orientations, as well as EcoRI(E111Q), lac repressor and even nucleosomes. RecBCD did not pause during collisions and often pushed proteins thousands of base pairs before evicting them from DNA. We conclude that RecBCD overwhelms obstacles through direct transduction of chemomechanical force with no need for specific protein-protein interactions, and that proteins can be removed from DNA through active disruption mechanisms that act on a transition state intermediate as they are pushed from one nonspecific site to the next.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3230117/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3230117/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Finkelstein, Ilya J -- Visnapuu, Mari-Liis -- Greene, Eric C -- F32GM80864/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM074739/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM082848/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA146940/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM074739/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM074739-01A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM074739-05/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM082848/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM082848-01A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM082848-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Dec 16;468(7326):983-7. doi: 10.1038/nature09561. Epub 2010 Nov 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21107319" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Bacteriophage lambda/genetics ; Biocatalysis ; DNA/genetics/*metabolism ; DNA, Viral/genetics/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/chemistry/metabolism ; Deoxyribonuclease EcoRI/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/enzymology ; Exodeoxyribonuclease V/*metabolism ; Holoenzymes/chemistry/metabolism ; Lac Repressors/metabolism ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; *Movement ; Nucleosomes/metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Protein Binding ; Quantum Dots ; Time Factors
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    Foot strike patterns and collision forces in habitually barefoot versus shod runners (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-01-30
    Beschreibung: Humans have engaged in endurance running for millions of years, but the modern running shoe was not invented until the 1970s. For most of human evolutionary history, runners were either barefoot or wore minimal footwear such as sandals or moccasins with smaller heels and little cushioning relative to modern running shoes. We wondered how runners coped with the impact caused by the foot colliding with the ground before the invention of the modern shoe. Here we show that habitually barefoot endurance runners often land on the fore-foot (fore-foot strike) before bringing down the heel, but they sometimes land with a flat foot (mid-foot strike) or, less often, on the heel (rear-foot strike). In contrast, habitually shod runners mostly rear-foot strike, facilitated by the elevated and cushioned heel of the modern running shoe. Kinematic and kinetic analyses show that even on hard surfaces, barefoot runners who fore-foot strike generate smaller collision forces than shod rear-foot strikers. This difference results primarily from a more plantarflexed foot at landing and more ankle compliance during impact, decreasing the effective mass of the body that collides with the ground. Fore-foot- and mid-foot-strike gaits were probably more common when humans ran barefoot or in minimal shoes, and may protect the feet and lower limbs from some of the impact-related injuries now experienced by a high percentage of runners.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lieberman, Daniel E -- Venkadesan, Madhusudhan -- Werbel, William A -- Daoud, Adam I -- D'Andrea, Susan -- Davis, Irene S -- Mang'eni, Robert Ojiambo -- Pitsiladis, Yannis -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jan 28;463(7280):531-5. doi: 10.1038/nature08723.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, 11 Divinity Avenue, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. danlieb@fas.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20111000" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Child ; Female ; Foot/*physiology ; Forefoot, Human/physiology ; Gait/physiology ; Humans ; Kenya ; Male ; Running/*physiology ; *Shoes/standards ; *Stress, Mechanical ; United States ; Weight-Bearing/physiology ; Young Adult
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    Amygdalar and hippocampal substrates of anxious temperament differ in their heritability (2010)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-08-13
    Beschreibung: Anxious temperament (AT) in human and non-human primates is a trait-like phenotype evident early in life that is characterized by increased behavioural and physiological reactivity to mildly threatening stimuli. Studies in children demonstrate that AT is an important risk factor for the later development of anxiety disorders, depression and comorbid substance abuse. Despite its importance as an early predictor of psychopathology, little is known about the factors that predispose vulnerable children to develop AT and the brain systems that underlie its expression. To characterize the neural circuitry associated with AT and the extent to which the function of this circuit is heritable, we studied a large sample of rhesus monkeys phenotyped for AT. Using 238 young monkeys from a multigenerational single-family pedigree, we simultaneously assessed brain metabolic activity and AT while monkeys were exposed to the relevant ethological condition that elicits the phenotype. High-resolution (18)F-labelled deoxyglucose positron-emission tomography (FDG-PET) was selected as the imaging modality because it provides semi-quantitative indices of absolute glucose metabolic rate, allows for simultaneous measurement of behaviour and brain activity, and has a time course suited for assessing temperament-associated sustained brain responses. Here we demonstrate that the central nucleus region of the amygdala and the anterior hippocampus are key components of the neural circuit predictive of AT. We also show significant heritability of the AT phenotype by using quantitative genetic analysis. Additionally, using voxelwise analyses, we reveal significant heritability of metabolic activity in AT-associated hippocampal regions. However, activity in the amygdala region predictive of AT is not significantly heritable. Furthermore, the heritabilities of the hippocampal and amygdala regions significantly differ from each other. Even though these structures are closely linked, the results suggest differential influences of genes and environment on how these brain regions mediate AT and the ongoing risk of developing anxiety and depression.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2998538/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2998538/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oler, Jonathan A -- Fox, Andrew S -- Shelton, Steven E -- Rogers, Jeffrey -- Dyer, Thomas D -- Davidson, Richard J -- Shelledy, Wendy -- Oakes, Terrence R -- Blangero, John -- Kalin, Ned H -- MH018931/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH046729/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH059490/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH081884/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH084051/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH084051/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH084051-030001/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH046729/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH046729-17/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH081884/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH081884-04/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R37 MH059490/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R37 MH059490-13/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Aug 12;466(7308):864-8. doi: 10.1038/nature09282.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53719, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20703306" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amygdala/*metabolism ; Animals ; Anxiety/*genetics/*physiopathology ; Depression/genetics ; Female ; Freezing Reaction, Cataleptic ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*genetics ; Glucose/metabolism ; *Heredity ; Hippocampus/*metabolism ; Macaca mulatta/genetics/physiology ; Male ; Models, Animal ; Neural Pathways/physiology ; Pedigree ; Phenotype ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Stress, Psychological ; Temperament/*physiology ; Temporal Lobe/metabolism ; Vocalization, Animal
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    Forgotten lessons (2010)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-07-16
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Basu, Paroma -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jul 15;466(7304):S14-5. doi: 10.1038/nature09241.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20631697" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy/epidemiology/prevention & ; control/psychology/transmission ; Adult ; Child ; Chronic Disease/drug therapy/epidemiology/prevention & control/psychology ; Community-Institutional Relations ; Developed Countries/*statistics & numerical data ; Female ; HIV Infections/drug therapy/*epidemiology/prevention & ; control/*psychology/transmission ; Health Education ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Patient Compliance/psychology/statistics & numerical data ; Risk-Taking ; Safe Sex/*psychology/*statistics & numerical data ; Viral Load/drug effects
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Helical assembly in the MyD88-IRAK4-IRAK2 complex in TLR/IL-1R signalling (2010)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-05-21
    Beschreibung: MyD88, IRAK4 and IRAK2 are critical signalling mediators of the TLR/IL1-R superfamily. Here we report the crystal structure of the MyD88-IRAK4-IRAK2 death domain (DD) complex, which surprisingly reveals a left-handed helical oligomer that consists of 6 MyD88, 4 IRAK4 and 4 IRAK2 DDs. Assembly of this helical signalling tower is hierarchical, in which MyD88 recruits IRAK4 and the MyD88-IRAK4 complex recruits the IRAK4 substrates IRAK2 or the related IRAK1. Formation of these Myddosome complexes brings the kinase domains of IRAKs into proximity for phosphorylation and activation. Composite binding sites are required for recruitment of the individual DDs in the complex, which are confirmed by mutagenesis and previously identified signalling mutations. Specificities in Myddosome formation are dictated by both molecular complementarity and correspondence of surface electrostatics. The MyD88-IRAK4-IRAK2 complex provides a template for Toll signalling in Drosophila and an elegant mechanism for versatile assembly and regulation of DD complexes in signal transduction.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2888693/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2888693/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lin, Su-Chang -- Lo, Yu-Chih -- Wu, Hao -- P30 EB009998/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI050872/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI050872-09/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jun 17;465(7300):885-90. doi: 10.1038/nature09121. Epub 2010 May 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10021, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20485341" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Humans ; *Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases/chemistry/metabolism ; *Models, Molecular ; *Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Interleukin-1/metabolism/*physiology ; *Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptors/metabolism/*physiology
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    Competition drives cooperation among closely related sperm of deer mice (2010)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-01-22
    Beschreibung: Among the extraordinary adaptations driven by sperm competition is the cooperative behaviour of spermatozoa. By forming cooperative groups, sperm can increase their swimming velocity and thereby gain an advantage in intermale sperm competition. Accordingly, selection should favour cooperation of the most closely related sperm to maximize fitness. Here we show that sperm of deer mice (genus Peromyscus) form motile aggregations, then we use this system to test predictions of sperm cooperation. We find that sperm aggregate more often with conspecific than heterospecific sperm, suggesting that individual sperm can discriminate on the basis of genetic relatedness. Next, we provide evidence that the cooperative behaviour of closely related sperm is driven by sperm competition. In a monogamous species lacking sperm competition, Peromyscus polionotus, sperm indiscriminately group with unrelated conspecific sperm. In contrast, in the highly promiscuous deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus, sperm are significantly more likely to aggregate with those obtained from the same male than with sperm from an unrelated conspecific donor. Even when we test sperm from sibling males, we continue to see preferential aggregations of related sperm in P. maniculatus. These results suggest that sperm from promiscuous deer mice discriminate among relatives and thereby cooperate with the most closely related sperm, an adaptation likely to have been driven by sperm competition.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2824558/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2824558/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fisher, Heidi S -- Hoekstra, Hopi E -- F32 GM084719/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- F32 GM084719-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Feb 11;463(7282):801-3. doi: 10.1038/nature08736. Epub 2010 Jan 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. hfisher@oeb.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20090679" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cell Aggregation ; Competitive Behavior/*physiology ; *Cooperative Behavior ; Copulation/physiology ; Female ; Male ; Peromyscus/*classification/*physiology ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Species Specificity ; Sperm Motility/physiology ; Spermatozoa/*physiology
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    Neuroscience: Sexy circuits (2010)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-12-03
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Benton, Richard -- England -- Nature. 2010 Dec 2;468(7324):638-40. doi: 10.1038/468638a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21124442" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acetates/pharmacology ; Animals ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/anatomy & histology/*cytology/*drug effects/physiology ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Male ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Neuroanatomical Tract-Tracing Techniques/methods ; Oleic Acids/pharmacology ; Olfactory Pathways/anatomy & histology/cytology/*drug effects ; Olfactory Perception/drug effects/physiology ; Pheromones/*pharmacology ; Sensory Receptor Cells/drug effects/physiology ; *Sex Characteristics ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Lkb1 regulates quiescence and metabolic homeostasis of haematopoietic stem cells (2010)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-12-03
    Beschreibung: The capacity to fine-tune cellular bioenergetics with the demands of stem-cell maintenance and regeneration is central to normal development and ageing, and to organismal survival during periods of acute stress. How energy metabolism and stem-cell homeostatic processes are coordinated is not well understood. Lkb1 acts as an evolutionarily conserved regulator of cellular energy metabolism in eukaryotic cells and functions as the major upstream kinase to phosphorylate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and 12 other AMPK-related kinases. Whether Lkb1 regulates stem-cell maintenance remains unknown. Here we show that Lkb1 has an essential role in haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) homeostasis. We demonstrate that ablation of Lkb1 in adult mice results in severe pancytopenia and subsequent lethality. Loss of Lkb1 leads to impaired survival and escape from quiescence of HSCs, resulting in exhaustion of the HSC pool and a marked reduction of HSC repopulating potential in vivo. Lkb1 deletion has an impact on cell proliferation in HSCs, but not on more committed compartments, pointing to context-specific functions for Lkb1 in haematopoiesis. The adverse impact of Lkb1 deletion on haematopoiesis was predominantly cell-autonomous and mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1)-independent, and involves multiple mechanisms converging on mitochondrial apoptosis and possibly downregulation of PGC-1 coactivators and their transcriptional network, which have critical roles in mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Thus, Lkb1 serves as an essential regulator of HSCs and haematopoiesis, and more generally, points to the critical importance of coupling energy metabolism and stem-cell homeostasis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3058342/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3058342/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gan, Boyi -- Hu, Jian -- Jiang, Shan -- Liu, Yingchun -- Sahin, Ergun -- Zhuang, Li -- Fletcher-Sananikone, Eliot -- Colla, Simona -- Wang, Y Alan -- Chin, Lynda -- Depinho, Ronald A -- 01CA141508/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R21 CA135057/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R21 CA135057-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R21CA135057/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U01 CA141508/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U01 CA141508-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Dec 2;468(7324):701-4. doi: 10.1038/nature09595.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21124456" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Cycle/*physiology ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Survival ; *Energy Metabolism ; Female ; Gene Deletion ; Hematopoiesis ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism/pathology ; *Homeostasis ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Mitochondria/metabolism/pathology ; Multiprotein Complexes ; Pancytopenia/genetics ; Phenotype ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Proteins/metabolism ; Survival Analysis ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Coupled chaperone action in folding and assembly of hexadecameric Rubisco (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-01-16
    Beschreibung: Form I Rubisco (ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase), a complex of eight large (RbcL) and eight small (RbcS) subunits, catalyses the fixation of atmospheric CO(2) in photosynthesis. The limited catalytic efficiency of Rubisco has sparked extensive efforts to re-engineer the enzyme with the goal of enhancing agricultural productivity. To facilitate such efforts we analysed the formation of cyanobacterial form I Rubisco by in vitro reconstitution and cryo-electron microscopy. We show that RbcL subunit folding by the GroEL/GroES chaperonin is tightly coupled with assembly mediated by the chaperone RbcX(2). RbcL monomers remain partially unstable and retain high affinity for GroEL until captured by RbcX(2). As revealed by the structure of a RbcL(8)-(RbcX(2))(8) assembly intermediate, RbcX(2) acts as a molecular staple in stabilizing the RbcL subunits as dimers and facilitates RbcL(8) core assembly. Finally, addition of RbcS results in RbcX(2) release and holoenzyme formation. Specific assembly chaperones may be required more generally in the formation of complex oligomeric structures when folding is closely coupled to assembly.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Cuimin -- Young, Anna L -- Starling-Windhof, Amanda -- Bracher, Andreas -- Saschenbrecker, Sandra -- Rao, Bharathi Vasudeva -- Rao, Karnam Vasudeva -- Berninghausen, Otto -- Mielke, Thorsten -- Hartl, F Ulrich -- Beckmann, Roland -- Hayer-Hartl, Manajit -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jan 14;463(7278):197-202. doi: 10.1038/nature08651.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20075914" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Chaperonin 10/metabolism ; Chaperonin 60/metabolism ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Holoenzymes/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Chaperones/chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; *Protein Folding ; *Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/*chemistry/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Synechococcus/*chemistry/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 42
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    The folding cooperativity of a protein is controlled by its chain topology (2010)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-05-25
    Beschreibung: The three-dimensional structures of proteins often show a modular architecture comprised of discrete structural regions or domains. Cooperative communication between these regions is important for catalysis, regulation and efficient folding; lack of coupling has been implicated in the formation of fibrils and other misfolding pathologies. How different structural regions of a protein communicate and contribute to a protein's overall energetics and folding, however, is still poorly understood. Here we use a single-molecule optical tweezers approach to induce the selective unfolding of particular regions of T4 lysozyme and monitor the effect on other regions not directly acted on by force. We investigate how the topological organization of a protein (the order of structural elements along the sequence) affects the coupling and folding cooperativity between its domains. To probe the status of the regions not directly subjected to force, we determine the free energy changes during mechanical unfolding using Crooks' fluctuation theorem. We pull on topological variants (circular permutants) and find that the topological organization of the polypeptide chain critically determines the folding cooperativity between domains and thus what parts of the folding/unfolding landscape are explored. We speculate that proteins may have evolved to select certain topologies that increase coupling between regions to avoid areas of the landscape that lead to kinetic trapping and misfolding.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2911970/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2911970/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shank, Elizabeth A -- Cecconi, Ciro -- Dill, Jesse W -- Marqusee, Susan -- Bustamante, Carlos -- GM 32543/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM 50945/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM050945/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM050945-17/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jun 3;465(7298):637-40. doi: 10.1038/nature09021. Epub 2010 May 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20495548" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Allosteric Regulation ; Bacteriophage T4/*enzymology ; Models, Molecular ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Optical Tweezers ; Probability ; Protein Denaturation ; *Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Viral Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
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    Secrets of the shaking palsy (2010)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-08-27
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schnabel, Jim -- England -- Nature. 2010 Aug 26;466(7310):S2-5. doi: 10.1038/466S2b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20739933" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amyloid/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mitochondria/pathology ; Neurons/*pathology ; Parkinson Disease/diagnosis/genetics/*pathology ; alpha-Synuclein/genetics/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 44
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    NINJA connects the co-repressor TOPLESS to jasmonate signalling (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-04-03
    Beschreibung: Jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) is a plant hormone that regulates a broad array of plant defence and developmental processes. JA-Ile-responsive gene expression is regulated by the transcriptional activator MYC2 that interacts physically with the jasmonate ZIM-domain (JAZ) repressor proteins. On perception of JA-Ile, JAZ proteins are degraded and JA-Ile-dependent gene expression is activated. The molecular mechanisms by which JAZ proteins repress gene expression remain unknown. Here we show that the Arabidopsis JAZ proteins recruit the Groucho/Tup1-type co-repressor TOPLESS (TPL) and TPL-related proteins (TPRs) through a previously uncharacterized adaptor protein, designated Novel Interactor of JAZ (NINJA). NINJA acts as a transcriptional repressor whose activity is mediated by a functional TPL-binding EAR repression motif. Accordingly, both NINJA and TPL proteins function as negative regulators of jasmonate responses. Our results point to TPL proteins as general co-repressors that affect multiple signalling pathways through the interaction with specific adaptor proteins. This new insight reveals how stress-related and growth-related signalling cascades use common molecular mechanisms to regulate gene expression in plants.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2849182/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2849182/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pauwels, Laurens -- Barbero, Gemma Fernandez -- Geerinck, Jan -- Tilleman, Sofie -- Grunewald, Wim -- Perez, Amparo Cuellar -- Chico, Jose Manuel -- Bossche, Robin Vanden -- Sewell, Jared -- Gil, Eduardo -- Garcia-Casado, Gloria -- Witters, Erwin -- Inze, Dirk -- Long, Jeff A -- De Jaeger, Geert -- Solano, Roberto -- Goossens, Alain -- R01 GM072764/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM072764-06/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Apr 1;464(7289):788-91. doi: 10.1038/nature08854.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Gent, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20360743" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Arabidopsis/cytology/*drug effects/*metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cyclopentanes/antagonists & inhibitors/*pharmacology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Models, Biological ; Oxylipins/antagonists & inhibitors/*pharmacology ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Protein Binding ; Repressor Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction/*drug effects ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 45
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    Enzyme-inhibitor-like tuning of Ca(2+) channel connectivity with calmodulin (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-02-09
    Beschreibung: Ca(2+) channels and calmodulin (CaM) are two prominent signalling hubs that synergistically affect functions as diverse as cardiac excitability, synaptic plasticity and gene transcription. It is therefore fitting that these hubs are in some sense coordinated, as the opening of Ca(V)1-2 Ca(2+) channels are regulated by a single CaM constitutively complexed with channels. The Ca(2+)-free form of CaM (apoCaM) is already pre-associated with the isoleucine-glutamine (IQ) domain on the channel carboxy terminus, and subsequent Ca(2+) binding to this 'resident' CaM drives conformational changes that then trigger regulation of channel opening. Another potential avenue for channel-CaM coordination could arise from the absence of Ca(2+) regulation in channels lacking a pre-associated CaM. Natural fluctuations in CaM concentrations might then influence the fraction of regulable channels and, thereby, the overall strength of Ca(2+) feedback. However, the prevailing view has been that the ultrastrong affinity of channels for apoCaM ensures their saturation with CaM, yielding a significant form of concentration independence between Ca(2+) channels and CaM. Here we show that significant exceptions to this autonomy exist, by combining electrophysiology (to characterize channel regulation) with optical fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) sensor determination of free-apoCaM concentration in live cells. This approach translates quantitative CaM biochemistry from the traditional test-tube context into the realm of functioning holochannels within intact cells. From this perspective, we find that long splice forms of Ca(V)1.3 and Ca(V)1.4 channels include a distal carboxy tail that resembles an enzyme competitive inhibitor that retunes channel affinity for apoCaM such that natural CaM variations affect the strength of Ca(2+) feedback modulation. Given the ubiquity of these channels, the connection between ambient CaM levels and Ca(2+) entry through channels is broadly significant for Ca(2+) homeostasis. Strategies such as ours promise key advances for the in situ analysis of signalling molecules resistant to in vitro reconstitution, such as Ca(2+) channels.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3553577/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3553577/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Xiaodong -- Yang, Philemon S -- Yang, Wanjun -- Yue, David T -- P30 DC005211/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R01 DC000276/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Feb 18;463(7283):968-72. doi: 10.1038/nature08766. Epub 2010 Feb 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Calcium Signals Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Ross Building, Room 713, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20139964" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Alternative Splicing ; Animals ; Apoproteins/analysis/metabolism ; Binding, Competitive/drug effects ; Calcium/analysis/metabolism/pharmacology ; Calcium Channel Blockers/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Calcium Channels/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Calmodulin/analysis/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; Electrophysiology ; *Feedback, Physiological ; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer ; Humans ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism
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  • 46
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    Structural biology: Proteins in dynamic equilibrium (2010)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-12-24
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bernado, Pau -- Blackledge, Martin -- England -- Nature. 2010 Dec 23;468(7327):1046-8. doi: 10.1038/4681046a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21179158" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Biochemistry/methods ; Models, Chemical ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins/*chemistry ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-hck/chemistry
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Chemical genetics strategy identifies an HCV NS5A inhibitor with a potent clinical effect (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-04-23
    Beschreibung: The worldwide prevalence of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is estimated to be approaching 200 million people. Current therapy relies upon a combination of pegylated interferon-alpha and ribavirin, a poorly tolerated regimen typically associated with less than 50% sustained virological response rate in those infected with genotype 1 virus. The development of direct-acting antiviral agents to treat HCV has focused predominantly on inhibitors of the viral enzymes NS3 protease and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase NS5B. Here we describe the profile of BMS-790052, a small molecule inhibitor of the HCV NS5A protein that exhibits picomolar half-maximum effective concentrations (EC(50)) towards replicons expressing a broad range of HCV genotypes and the JFH-1 genotype 2a infectious virus in cell culture. In a phase I clinical trial in patients chronically infected with HCV, administration of a single 100-mg dose of BMS-790052 was associated with a 3.3 log(10) reduction in mean viral load measured 24 h post-dose that was sustained for an additional 120 h in two patients infected with genotype 1b virus. Genotypic analysis of samples taken at baseline, 24 and 144 h post-dose revealed that the major HCV variants observed had substitutions at amino-acid positions identified using the in vitro replicon system. These results provide the first clinical validation of an inhibitor of HCV NS5A, a protein with no known enzymatic function, as an approach to the suppression of virus replication that offers potential as part of a therapeutic regimen based on combinations of HCV inhibitors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gao, Min -- Nettles, Richard E -- Belema, Makonen -- Snyder, Lawrence B -- Nguyen, Van N -- Fridell, Robert A -- Serrano-Wu, Michael H -- Langley, David R -- Sun, Jin-Hua -- O'Boyle, Donald R 2nd -- Lemm, Julie A -- Wang, Chunfu -- Knipe, Jay O -- Chien, Caly -- Colonno, Richard J -- Grasela, Dennis M -- Meanwell, Nicholas A -- Hamann, Lawrence G -- England -- Nature. 2010 May 6;465(7294):96-100. doi: 10.1038/nature08960. Epub 2010 Apr 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Virology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20410884" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Antiviral Agents/blood/chemistry/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Cell Line ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; Female ; Genotype ; HeLa Cells ; Hepacivirus/*drug effects ; Hepatitis C/drug therapy/virology ; Humans ; Imidazoles/blood/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Time Factors ; Vero Cells ; Viral Load/drug effects ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Young Adult
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Evolutionary biology: Oh sibling, who art thou? (2010)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-08-21
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cockburn, Andrew -- England -- Nature. 2010 Aug 19;466(7309):930-1. doi: 10.1038/466930a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20725030" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Birds/classification/genetics/*physiology ; *Cooperative Behavior ; Fathers ; Female ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Mothers ; Phylogeny ; Reproduction/genetics/physiology ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; *Siblings
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Jasmonate perception by inositol-phosphate-potentiated COI1-JAZ co-receptor (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-10-12
    Beschreibung: Jasmonates are a family of plant hormones that regulate plant growth, development and responses to stress. The F-box protein CORONATINE INSENSITIVE 1 (COI1) mediates jasmonate signalling by promoting hormone-dependent ubiquitylation and degradation of transcriptional repressor JAZ proteins. Despite its importance, the mechanism of jasmonate perception remains unclear. Here we present structural and pharmacological data to show that the true Arabidopsis jasmonate receptor is a complex of both COI1 and JAZ. COI1 contains an open pocket that recognizes the bioactive hormone (3R,7S)-jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine (JA-Ile) with high specificity. High-affinity hormone binding requires a bipartite JAZ degron sequence consisting of a conserved alpha-helix for COI1 docking and a loop region to trap the hormone in its binding pocket. In addition, we identify a third critical component of the jasmonate co-receptor complex, inositol pentakisphosphate, which interacts with both COI1 and JAZ adjacent to the ligand. Our results unravel the mechanism of jasmonate perception and highlight the ability of F-box proteins to evolve as multi-component signalling hubs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2988090/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2988090/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sheard, Laura B -- Tan, Xu -- Mao, Haibin -- Withers, John -- Ben-Nissan, Gili -- Hinds, Thomas R -- Kobayashi, Yuichi -- Hsu, Fong-Fu -- Sharon, Michal -- Browse, John -- He, Sheng Yang -- Rizo, Josep -- Howe, Gregg A -- Zheng, Ning -- P30 DK056341/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK056341-10/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI068718/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI068718-04/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA107134/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA107134-07/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM057795/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM057795-12/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01AI068718/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01GM57795/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM07270/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Nov 18;468(7322):400-5. doi: 10.1038/nature09430. Epub 2010 Oct 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, Box 357280, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20927106" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acids/chemistry/metabolism ; Arabidopsis/chemistry/metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cyclopentanes/chemistry/*metabolism ; F-Box Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Indenes/chemistry/metabolism ; Inositol Phosphates/*metabolism ; Isoleucine/analogs & derivatives/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oxylipins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Peptide Fragments/chemistry/metabolism ; Plant Growth Regulators/chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Repressor Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 50
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    RAF inhibitors transactivate RAF dimers and ERK signalling in cells with wild-type BRAF (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-02-25
    Beschreibung: Tumours with mutant BRAF are dependent on the RAF-MEK-ERK signalling pathway for their growth. We found that ATP-competitive RAF inhibitors inhibit ERK signalling in cells with mutant BRAF, but unexpectedly enhance signalling in cells with wild-type BRAF. Here we demonstrate the mechanistic basis for these findings. We used chemical genetic methods to show that drug-mediated transactivation of RAF dimers is responsible for paradoxical activation of the enzyme by inhibitors. Induction of ERK signalling requires direct binding of the drug to the ATP-binding site of one kinase of the dimer and is dependent on RAS activity. Drug binding to one member of RAF homodimers (CRAF-CRAF) or heterodimers (CRAF-BRAF) inhibits one protomer, but results in transactivation of the drug-free protomer. In BRAF(V600E) tumours, RAS is not activated, thus transactivation is minimal and ERK signalling is inhibited in cells exposed to RAF inhibitors. These results indicate that RAF inhibitors will be effective in tumours in which BRAF is mutated. Furthermore, because RAF inhibitors do not inhibit ERK signalling in other cells, the model predicts that they would have a higher therapeutic index and greater antitumour activity than mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) inhibitors, but could also cause toxicity due to MEK/ERK activation. These predictions have been borne out in a recent clinical trial of the RAF inhibitor PLX4032 (refs 4, 5). The model indicates that promotion of RAF dimerization by elevation of wild-type RAF expression or RAS activity could lead to drug resistance in mutant BRAF tumours. In agreement with this prediction, RAF inhibitors do not inhibit ERK signalling in cells that coexpress BRAF(V600E) and mutant RAS.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3178447/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3178447/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Poulikakos, Poulikos I -- Zhang, Chao -- Bollag, Gideon -- Shokat, Kevan M -- Rosen, Neal -- 1P01CA129243-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- 2R01EB001987/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA129243-010002/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EB001987/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- U01 CA091178/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U01 CA091178-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Mar 18;464(7287):427-30. doi: 10.1038/nature08902.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry and Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20179705" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Catalytic Domain ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Enzyme Activation/drug effects ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/*metabolism ; Humans ; Indoles/pharmacology ; MAP Kinase Signaling System/*drug effects ; Mice ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Neoplasms/drug therapy/enzymology/genetics/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/metabolism/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Protein Multimerization ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/antagonists & ; inhibitors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Sulfonamides/pharmacology ; Transcriptional Activation/*drug effects ; raf Kinases/*antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; ras Proteins/genetics/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 51
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    Higher rates of sex evolve in spatially heterogeneous environments (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-10-15
    Beschreibung: The evolution and maintenance of sexual reproduction has puzzled biologists for decades. Although this field is rich in hypotheses, experimental evidence is scarce. Some important experiments have demonstrated differences in evolutionary rates between sexual and asexual populations; other experiments have documented evolutionary changes in phenomena related to genetic mixing, such as recombination and selfing. However, direct experiments of the evolution of sex within populations are extremely rare (but see ref. 12). Here we use the rotifer, Brachionus calyciflorus, which is capable of both sexual and asexual reproduction, to test recent theory predicting that there is more opportunity for sex to evolve in spatially heterogeneous environments. Replicated experimental populations of rotifers were maintained in homogeneous environments, composed of either high- or low-quality food habitats, or in heterogeneous environments that consisted of a mix of the two habitats. For populations maintained in either type of homogeneous environment, the rate of sex evolves rapidly towards zero. In contrast, higher rates of sex evolve in populations experiencing spatially heterogeneous environments. The data indicate that the higher level of sex observed under heterogeneity is not due to sex being less costly or selection against sex being less efficient; rather sex is sufficiently advantageous in heterogeneous environments to overwhelm its inherent costs. Counter to some alternative theories for the evolution of sex, there is no evidence that genetic drift plays any part in the evolution of sex in these populations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Becks, Lutz -- Agrawal, Aneil F -- England -- Nature. 2010 Nov 4;468(7320):89-92. doi: 10.1038/nature09449. Epub 2010 Oct 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada. lutz.becks@utoronto.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20944628" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animal Migration/physiology ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Diet/veterinary ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; *Food ; Genetic Drift ; Male ; Meiosis/genetics ; Models, Biological ; Ovum/physiology ; Population Density ; Reproduction/physiology ; Reproduction, Asexual/physiology ; Rotifera/cytology/genetics/*physiology ; Selection, Genetic ; *Sex
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 52
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    Epigenetic silencing of engineered L1 retrotransposition events in human embryonic carcinoma cells (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-08-06
    Beschreibung: Long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1 or L1) retrotransposition continues to affect human genome evolution. L1s can retrotranspose in the germline, during early development and in select somatic cells; however, the host response to L1 retrotransposition remains largely unexplored. Here we show that reporter genes introduced into the genome of various human embryonic carcinoma-derived cell lines (ECs) by L1 retrotransposition are rapidly and efficiently silenced either during or immediately after their integration. Treating ECs with histone deacetylase inhibitors rapidly reverses this silencing, and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that reactivation of the reporter gene was correlated with changes in chromatin status at the L1 integration site. Under our assay conditions, rapid silencing was also observed when reporter genes were delivered into ECs by mouse L1s and a zebrafish LINE-2 element, but not when similar reporter genes were delivered into ECs by Moloney murine leukaemia virus or human immunodeficiency virus, suggesting that these integration events are silenced by distinct mechanisms. Finally, we demonstrate that subjecting ECs to culture conditions that promote differentiation attenuates the silencing of reporter genes delivered by L1 retrotransposition, but that differentiation, in itself, is not sufficient to reactivate previously silenced reporter genes. Thus, our data indicate that ECs differ from many differentiated cells in their ability to silence reporter genes delivered by L1 retrotransposition.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3034402/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3034402/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garcia-Perez, Jose L -- Morell, Maria -- Scheys, Joshua O -- Kulpa, Deanna A -- Morell, Santiago -- Carter, Christoph C -- Hammer, Gary D -- Collins, Kathleen L -- O'Shea, K Sue -- Menendez, Pablo -- Moran, John V -- 5 P30 CA46592/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM-069985/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM060518/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM082970/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS-048187/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK62027/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM060518/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM060518-12/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM082970/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM082970-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01AI051198/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32-GM08322/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Aug 5;466(7307):769-73. doi: 10.1038/nature09209.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Human Genetics, 1241 East Catherine Street, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5618, USA. josel.garcia.perez@juntadeandalucia.es〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20686575" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cell Differentiation/genetics/physiology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Chromatin/drug effects/genetics/metabolism ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; Embryonal Carcinoma Stem Cells/*metabolism/pathology ; Epigenesis, Genetic/drug effects/*genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects ; *Gene Silencing/drug effects ; Genes, Reporter/genetics ; Genetic Engineering ; Genetic Vectors/genetics ; Genome, Human/genetics ; HIV/genetics ; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Humans ; Long Interspersed Nucleotide Elements/genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Models, Genetic ; Moloney murine leukemia virus/genetics ; Retroelements/*genetics ; Zebrafish/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 53
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    Structural basis for the suppression of skin cancers by DNA polymerase eta (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-06-26
    Beschreibung: DNA polymerase eta (Poleta) is unique among eukaryotic polymerases in its proficient ability for error-free replication through ultraviolet-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, and inactivation of Poleta (also known as POLH) in humans causes the variant form of xeroderma pigmentosum (XPV). We present the crystal structures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Poleta (also known as RAD30) in ternary complex with a cis-syn thymine-thymine (T-T) dimer and with undamaged DNA. The structures reveal that the ability of Poleta to replicate efficiently through the ultraviolet-induced lesion derives from a simple and yet elegant mechanism, wherein the two Ts of the T-T dimer are accommodated in an active site cleft that is much more open than in other polymerases. We also show by structural, biochemical and genetic analysis that the two Ts are maintained in a stable configuration in the active site via interactions with Gln 55, Arg 73 and Met 74. Together, these features define the basis for Poleta's action on ultraviolet-damaged DNA that is crucial in suppressing the mutagenic and carcinogenic consequences of sun exposure, thereby reducing the incidence of skin cancers in humans.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3030469/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3030469/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Silverstein, Timothy D -- Johnson, Robert E -- Jain, Rinku -- Prakash, Louise -- Prakash, Satya -- Aggarwal, Aneel K -- P30 EB009998/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA107650/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA107650-39/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 ES017767/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- R01 ES017767-01/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jun 24;465(7301):1039-43. doi: 10.1038/nature09104.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Box 1677, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10029, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20577207" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Biocatalysis ; Catalytic Domain ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA/chemistry/metabolism ; DNA Damage ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation, Missense ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Pyrimidine Dimers/chemistry/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*enzymology/genetics ; Skin Neoplasms/*enzymology/genetics ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Xeroderma Pigmentosum/enzymology/genetics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    A population-specific HTR2B stop codon predisposes to severe impulsivity (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-12-24
    Beschreibung: Impulsivity, describing action without foresight, is an important feature of several psychiatric diseases, suicidality and violent behaviour. The complex origins of impulsivity hinder identification of the genes influencing it and the diseases with which it is associated. Here we perform exon-focused sequencing of impulsive individuals in a founder population, targeting fourteen genes belonging to the serotonin and dopamine domain. A stop codon in HTR2B was identified that is common (minor allele frequency 〉 1%) but exclusive to Finnish people. Expression of the gene in the human brain was assessed, as well as the molecular functionality of the stop codon, which was associated with psychiatric diseases marked by impulsivity in both population and family-based analyses. Knockout of Htr2b increased impulsive behaviours in mice, indicative of predictive validity. Our study shows the potential for identifying and tracing effects of rare alleles in complex behavioural phenotypes using founder populations, and indicates a role for HTR2B in impulsivity.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3183507/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3183507/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bevilacqua, Laura -- Doly, Stephane -- Kaprio, Jaakko -- Yuan, Qiaoping -- Tikkanen, Roope -- Paunio, Tiina -- Zhou, Zhifeng -- Wedenoja, Juho -- Maroteaux, Luc -- Diaz, Silvina -- Belmer, Arnaud -- Hodgkinson, Colin A -- Dell'osso, Liliana -- Suvisaari, Jaana -- Coccaro, Emil -- Rose, Richard J -- Peltonen, Leena -- Virkkunen, Matti -- Goldman, David -- AA-09203/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- AA-12502/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- Z01 AA000301-09/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- Z01 AA000301-10/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- Z99 AA999999/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Dec 23;468(7327):1061-6. doi: 10.1038/nature09629.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21179162" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Brain/metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Cell Line ; Female ; Finland ; Founder Effect ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; Genotype ; Humans ; Impulsive Behavior/*genetics ; Male ; Mental Disorders/genetics ; Mice ; Mice, 129 Strain ; Mice, Knockout ; Pedigree ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2B/*genetics/*metabolism ; Testosterone/blood/cerebrospinal fluid
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    MICU1 encodes a mitochondrial EF hand protein required for Ca(2+) uptake (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-08-10
    Beschreibung: Mitochondrial calcium uptake has a central role in cell physiology by stimulating ATP production, shaping cytosolic calcium transients and regulating cell death. The biophysical properties of mitochondrial calcium uptake have been studied in detail, but the underlying proteins remain elusive. Here we use an integrative strategy to predict human genes involved in mitochondrial calcium entry based on clues from comparative physiology, evolutionary genomics and organelle proteomics. RNA interference against 13 top candidates highlighted one gene, CBARA1, that we call hereafter mitochondrial calcium uptake 1 (MICU1). Silencing MICU1 does not disrupt mitochondrial respiration or membrane potential but abolishes mitochondrial calcium entry in intact and permeabilized cells, and attenuates the metabolic coupling between cytosolic calcium transients and activation of matrix dehydrogenases. MICU1 is associated with the mitochondrial inner membrane and has two canonical EF hands that are essential for its activity, indicating a role in calcium sensing. MICU1 represents the founding member of a set of proteins required for high-capacity mitochondrial calcium uptake. Its discovery may lead to the complete molecular characterization of mitochondrial calcium uptake pathways, and offers genetic strategies for understanding their contribution to normal physiology and disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2977980/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2977980/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Perocchi, Fabiana -- Gohil, Vishal M -- Girgis, Hany S -- Bao, X Robert -- McCombs, Janet E -- Palmer, Amy E -- Mootha, Vamsi K -- DK080261/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM0077465/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM084027/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM077465/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM077465-01A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM077465-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM077465-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM077465-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM077465-05/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM077465-06/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM084027/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R24 DK080261/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R24 DK080261-04/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- TR2 GM08759/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Sep 16;467(7313):291-6. doi: 10.1038/nature09358. Epub 2010 Aug 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20693986" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Allergens/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Antigens, Plant ; Calcium/*metabolism ; *Calcium Signaling ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/*chemistry/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Cation Transport Proteins ; Cell Respiration ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; DNA, Mitochondrial/analysis ; *EF Hand Motifs ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; HeLa Cells ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Membrane Potentials ; Mitochondria/*metabolism ; Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins ; Mitochondrial Proteins/*chemistry/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; NAD/metabolism ; NADP/metabolism ; Oxidative Phosphorylation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Transport ; RNA Interference
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Bone progenitor dysfunction induces myelodysplasia and secondary leukaemia (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2010-03-23
    Beschreibung: Mesenchymal cells contribute to the 'stroma' of most normal and malignant tissues, with specific mesenchymal cells participating in the regulatory niches of stem cells. By examining how mesenchymal osteolineage cells modulate haematopoiesis, here we show that deletion of Dicer1 specifically in mouse osteoprogenitors, but not in mature osteoblasts, disrupts the integrity of haematopoiesis. Myelodysplasia resulted and acute myelogenous leukaemia emerged that had acquired several genetic abnormalities while having intact Dicer1. Examining gene expression altered in osteoprogenitors as a result of Dicer1 deletion showed reduced expression of Sbds, the gene mutated in Schwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome-a human bone marrow failure and leukaemia pre-disposition condition. Deletion of Sbds in mouse osteoprogenitors induced bone marrow dysfunction with myelodysplasia. Therefore, perturbation of specific mesenchymal subsets of stromal cells can disorder differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis of heterologous cells, and disrupt tissue homeostasis. Furthermore, primary stromal dysfunction can result in secondary neoplastic disease, supporting the concept of niche-induced oncogenesis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3422863/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3422863/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Raaijmakers, Marc H G P -- Mukherjee, Siddhartha -- Guo, Shangqin -- Zhang, Siyi -- Kobayashi, Tatsuya -- Schoonmaker, Jesse A -- Ebert, Benjamin L -- Al-Shahrour, Fatima -- Hasserjian, Robert P -- Scadden, Edward O -- Aung, Zinmar -- Matza, Marc -- Merkenschlager, Matthias -- Lin, Charles -- Rommens, Johanna M -- Scadden, David T -- MC_U120027516/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- R01 DK050234/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL044851/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL097794/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL100402/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HL081030/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Apr 8;464(7290):852-7. doi: 10.1038/nature08851. Epub 2010 Mar 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School CPZN, USA. hraaijmakers@partners.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20305640" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Bone Marrow/metabolism/pathology ; Bone and Bones/metabolism/*pathology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; Female ; Gene Deletion ; Hematopoiesis/genetics ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics/metabolism/*pathology ; Male ; Mesoderm/cytology ; Mice ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes/genetics/metabolism/*pathology ; Osteoblasts/metabolism/pathology ; Phenotype ; Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Ribonuclease III/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Sarcoma, Myeloid/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Stem Cell Niche/metabolism/pathology ; Stem Cells/metabolism/*pathology ; Stromal Cells/metabolism/pathology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 57
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    The evolution of eusociality (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-08-27
    Beschreibung: Eusociality, in which some individuals reduce their own lifetime reproductive potential to raise the offspring of others, underlies the most advanced forms of social organization and the ecologically dominant role of social insects and humans. For the past four decades kin selection theory, based on the concept of inclusive fitness, has been the major theoretical attempt to explain the evolution of eusociality. Here we show the limitations of this approach. We argue that standard natural selection theory in the context of precise models of population structure represents a simpler and superior approach, allows the evaluation of multiple competing hypotheses, and provides an exact framework for interpreting empirical observations.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3279739/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3279739/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nowak, Martin A -- Tarnita, Corina E -- Wilson, Edward O -- R01 GM078986/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM078986-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM078986/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Aug 26;466(7310):1057-62. doi: 10.1038/nature09205.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Department of Mathematics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. martin_nowak@harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20740005" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; *Biological Evolution ; Female ; Humans ; Insects/physiology ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Selection, Genetic ; *Social Behavior
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    Structure of a bacterial homologue of vitamin K epoxide reductase (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-01-30
    Beschreibung: Vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR) generates vitamin K hydroquinone to sustain gamma-carboxylation of many blood coagulation factors. Here, we report the 3.6 A crystal structure of a bacterial homologue of VKOR from Synechococcus sp. The structure shows VKOR in complex with its naturally fused redox partner, a thioredoxin-like domain, and corresponds to an arrested state of electron transfer. The catalytic core of VKOR is a four transmembrane helix bundle that surrounds a quinone, connected through an additional transmembrane segment with the periplasmic thioredoxin-like domain. We propose a pathway for how VKOR uses electrons from cysteines of newly synthesized proteins to reduce a quinone, a mechanism confirmed by in vitro reconstitution of vitamin K-dependent disulphide bridge formation. Our results have implications for the mechanism of the mammalian VKOR and explain how mutations can cause resistance to the VKOR inhibitor warfarin, the most commonly used oral anticoagulant.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2919313/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2919313/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Weikai -- Schulman, Sol -- Dutton, Rachel J -- Boyd, Dana -- Beckwith, Jon -- Rapoport, Tom A -- GMO41883/PHS HHS/ -- K99 HL097083/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K99 HL097083-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K991K99HL097083/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R00 HL097083/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM041883/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007753/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jan 28;463(7280):507-12. doi: 10.1038/nature08720.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. weikai@crystal.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20110994" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Anticoagulants ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry ; Catalytic Domain ; Disulfides/chemistry ; Drug Resistance/genetics ; Electron Transport ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry ; Mixed Function Oxygenases/*chemistry/genetics ; *Models, Molecular ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Synechococcus/*enzymology ; Vitamin K Epoxide Reductases ; Warfarin
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Affinity gradients drive copper to cellular destinations (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-05-14
    Beschreibung: Copper is an essential trace element for eukaryotes and most prokaryotes. However, intracellular free copper must be strictly limited because of its toxic side effects. Complex systems for copper trafficking evolved to satisfy cellular requirements while minimizing toxicity. The factors driving the copper transfer between protein partners along cellular copper routes are, however, not fully rationalized. Until now, inconsistent, scattered and incomparable data on the copper-binding affinities of copper proteins have been reported. Here we determine, through a unified electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS)-based strategy, in an environment that mimics the cellular redox milieu, the apparent Cu(I)-binding affinities for a representative set of intracellular copper proteins involved in enzymatic redox catalysis, in copper trafficking to and within various cellular compartments, and in copper storage. The resulting thermodynamic data show that copper is drawn to the enzymes that require it by passing from one copper protein site to another, exploiting gradients of increasing copper-binding affinity. This result complements the finding that fast copper-transfer pathways require metal-mediated protein-protein interactions and therefore protein-protein specific recognition. Together with Cu,Zn-SOD1, metallothioneins have the highest affinity for copper(I), and may play special roles in the regulation of cellular copper distribution; however, for kinetic reasons they cannot demetallate copper enzymes. Our study provides the thermodynamic basis for the kinetic processes that lead to the distribution of cellular copper.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Banci, Lucia -- Bertini, Ivano -- Ciofi-Baffoni, Simone -- Kozyreva, Tatiana -- Zovo, Kairit -- Palumaa, Peep -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jun 3;465(7298):645-8. doi: 10.1038/nature09018. Epub 2010 May 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Magnetic Resonance Center CERM and Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20463663" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Biocatalysis ; Carrier Proteins/*metabolism ; Cations, Monovalent/metabolism ; Copper/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Cyclooxygenase 2/chemistry/metabolism ; Dithiothreitol/metabolism ; Glutathione/metabolism ; Humans ; Intracellular Space/*metabolism ; Ion Transport ; Kinetics ; Ligands ; Metallothionein/metabolism ; Mitochondria, Liver ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Protein Binding ; Rats ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Thermodynamics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Crystal structures of the CusA efflux pump suggest methionine-mediated metal transport (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-09-25
    Beschreibung: Gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, frequently use tripartite efflux complexes in the resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) family to expel various toxic compounds from the cell. The efflux system CusCBA is responsible for extruding biocidal Cu(I) and Ag(I) ions. No previous structural information was available for the heavy-metal efflux (HME) subfamily of the RND efflux pumps. Here we describe the crystal structures of the inner-membrane transporter CusA in the absence and presence of bound Cu(I) or Ag(I). These CusA structures provide new structural information about the HME subfamily of RND efflux pumps. The structures suggest that the metal-binding sites, formed by a three-methionine cluster, are located within the cleft region of the periplasmic domain. This cleft is closed in the apo-CusA form but open in the CusA-Cu(I) and CusA-Ag(I) structures, which directly suggests a plausible pathway for ion export. Binding of Cu(I) and Ag(I) triggers significant conformational changes in both the periplasmic and transmembrane domains. The crystal structure indicates that CusA has, in addition to the three-methionine metal-binding site, four methionine pairs-three located in the transmembrane region and one in the periplasmic domain. Genetic analysis and transport assays suggest that CusA is capable of actively picking up metal ions from the cytosol, using these methionine pairs or clusters to bind and export metal ions. These structures suggest a stepwise shuttle mechanism for transport between these sites.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2946090/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2946090/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Long, Feng -- Su, Chih-Chia -- Zimmermann, Michael T -- Boyken, Scott E -- Rajashankar, Kanagalaghatta R -- Jernigan, Robert L -- Yu, Edward W -- GM 072014/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM 074027/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM 081680/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM 086431/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM072014/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM074027/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM074027-05/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM086431/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM086431-01A2/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RR-15301/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Sep 23;467(7314):484-8. doi: 10.1038/nature09395.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Interdepartmental Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Iowa 50011, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20865003" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Apoproteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Copper/chemistry/*metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cytosol/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/*chemistry ; Escherichia coli Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Ion Transport ; Membrane Transport Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Methionine/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Models, Molecular ; Periplasm/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Silver/chemistry/*metabolism ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Support for a synaptic chain model of neuronal sequence generation (2010)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-10-26
    Beschreibung: In songbirds, the remarkable temporal precision of song is generated by a sparse sequence of bursts in the premotor nucleus HVC. To distinguish between two possible classes of models of neural sequence generation, we carried out intracellular recordings of HVC neurons in singing zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). We found that the subthreshold membrane potential is characterized by a large, rapid depolarization 5-10 ms before burst onset, consistent with a synaptically connected chain of neurons in HVC. We found no evidence for the slow membrane potential modulation predicted by models in which burst timing is controlled by subthreshold dynamics. Furthermore, bursts ride on an underlying depolarization of approximately 10-ms duration, probably the result of a regenerative calcium spike within HVC neurons that could facilitate the propagation of activity through a chain network with high temporal precision. Our results provide insight into the fundamental mechanisms by which neural circuits can generate complex sequential behaviours.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2998755/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2998755/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Long, Michael A -- Jin, Dezhe Z -- Fee, Michale S -- DC009280/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- MH067105/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH067105/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH067105-06/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH067105-07/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Nov 18;468(7322):394-9. doi: 10.1038/nature09514. Epub 2010 Oct 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20972420" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Calcium Channels, L-Type/metabolism ; Calcium Signaling/drug effects ; Finches/*physiology ; Male ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; *Models, Neurological ; Neural Pathways/drug effects/*physiology ; Neurons/drug effects/*metabolism ; Sleep/physiology ; Synapses/*metabolism ; Vocalization, Animal/physiology
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    Structural basis of semaphorin-plexin signalling (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-09-30
    Beschreibung: Cell-cell signalling of semaphorin ligands through interaction with plexin receptors is important for the homeostasis and morphogenesis of many tissues and is widely studied for its role in neural connectivity, cancer, cell migration and immune responses. SEMA4D and Sema6A exemplify two diverse vertebrate, membrane-spanning semaphorin classes (4 and 6) that are capable of direct signalling through members of the two largest plexin classes, B and A, respectively. In the absence of any structural information on the plexin ectodomain or its interaction with semaphorins the extracellular specificity and mechanism controlling plexin signalling has remained unresolved. Here we present crystal structures of cognate complexes of the semaphorin-binding regions of plexins B1 and A2 with semaphorin ectodomains (human PLXNB1(1-2)-SEMA4D(ecto) and murine PlxnA2(1-4)-Sema6A(ecto)), plus unliganded structures of PlxnA2(1-4) and Sema6A(ecto). These structures, together with biophysical and cellular assays of wild-type and mutant proteins, reveal that semaphorin dimers independently bind two plexin molecules and that signalling is critically dependent on the avidity of the resulting bivalent 2:2 complex (monomeric semaphorin binds plexin but fails to trigger signalling). In combination, our data favour a cell-cell signalling mechanism involving semaphorin-stabilized plexin dimerization, possibly followed by clustering, which is consistent with previous functional data. Furthermore, the shared generic architecture of the complexes, formed through conserved contacts of the amino-terminal seven-bladed beta-propeller (sema) domains of both semaphorin and plexin, suggests that a common mode of interaction triggers all semaphorin-plexin based signalling, while distinct insertions within or between blades of the sema domains determine binding specificity.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3587840/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3587840/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Janssen, Bert J C -- Robinson, Ross A -- Perez-Branguli, Francesc -- Bell, Christian H -- Mitchell, Kevin J -- Siebold, Christian -- Jones, E Yvonne -- 082301/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 083111/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 10976/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- A10976/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- A3964/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- A5261/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- G0700232/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0700232(82098)/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0900084/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G9900061/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G9900061(69203)/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2010 Oct 28;467(7319):1118-22. doi: 10.1038/nature09468. Epub 2010 Sep 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20877282" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Antigens, CD/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Communication ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Ligands ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Models, Molecular ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Semaphorins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    CD95 promotes tumour growth (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-05-28
    Beschreibung: CD95 (also called Fas and APO-1) is a prototypical death receptor that regulates tissue homeostasis mainly in the immune system through the induction of apoptosis. During cancer progression CD95 is frequently downregulated or cells are rendered apoptosis resistant, raising the possibility that loss of CD95 is part of a mechanism for tumour evasion. However, complete loss of CD95 is rarely seen in human cancers and many cancer cells express large quantities of CD95 and are highly sensitive to CD95-mediated apoptosis in vitro. Furthermore, cancer patients frequently have elevated levels of the physiological ligand for CD95, CD95L. These data raise the possibility that CD95 could actually promote the growth of tumours through its non-apoptotic activities. Here we show that cancer cells in general, regardless of their CD95 apoptosis sensitivity, depend on constitutive activity of CD95, stimulated by cancer-produced CD95L, for optimal growth. Consistently, loss of CD95 in mouse models of ovarian cancer and liver cancer reduces cancer incidence as well as the size of the tumours. The tumorigenic activity of CD95 is mediated by a pathway involving JNK and Jun. These results demonstrate that CD95 has a growth-promoting role during tumorigenesis and indicate that efforts to inhibit its activity rather than to enhance it should be considered during cancer therapy.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2879093/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2879093/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Lina -- Park, Sun-Mi -- Tumanov, Alexei V -- Hau, Annika -- Sawada, Kenjiro -- Feig, Christine -- Turner, Jerrold R -- Fu, Yang-Xin -- Romero, Iris L -- Lengyel, Ernst -- Peter, Marcus E -- CA112240/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K12 HD000849/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- L30 CA153336/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA095319/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA11182/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA112240/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA112240-01A1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA112240-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA112240-03/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA112240-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA112240-05/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 May 27;465(7297):492-6. doi: 10.1038/nature09075.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, 924 E 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20505730" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Antigens, CD95/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Apoptosis ; Carcinoma, Endometrioid/metabolism/pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Fas Ligand Protein/antagonists & inhibitors/immunology/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Hepatocytes/enzymology/metabolism/pathology ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms/enzymology/metabolism/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Neoplasms/*metabolism/*pathology ; Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism/pathology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Altruism researchers must cooperate (2010)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-10-12
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Okasha, Samir -- England -- Nature. 2010 Oct 7;467(7316):653-5. doi: 10.1038/467653a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Philosophy, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TB, UK. Samir.Okasha@bristol.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20930821" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Altruism ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Cooperative Behavior ; Female ; Group Processes ; Male ; Models, Biological ; *Research Personnel ; Selection, Genetic ; Social Behavior
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    A comprehensive catalogue of somatic mutations from a human cancer genome (2009)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2009-12-18
    Beschreibung: All cancers carry somatic mutations. A subset of these somatic alterations, termed driver mutations, confer selective growth advantage and are implicated in cancer development, whereas the remainder are passengers. Here we have sequenced the genomes of a malignant melanoma and a lymphoblastoid cell line from the same person, providing the first comprehensive catalogue of somatic mutations from an individual cancer. The catalogue provides remarkable insights into the forces that have shaped this cancer genome. The dominant mutational signature reflects DNA damage due to ultraviolet light exposure, a known risk factor for malignant melanoma, whereas the uneven distribution of mutations across the genome, with a lower prevalence in gene footprints, indicates that DNA repair has been preferentially deployed towards transcribed regions. The results illustrate the power of a cancer genome sequence to reveal traces of the DNA damage, repair, mutation and selection processes that were operative years before the cancer became symptomatic.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3145108/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3145108/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pleasance, Erin D -- Cheetham, R Keira -- Stephens, Philip J -- McBride, David J -- Humphray, Sean J -- Greenman, Chris D -- Varela, Ignacio -- Lin, Meng-Lay -- Ordonez, Gonzalo R -- Bignell, Graham R -- Ye, Kai -- Alipaz, Julie -- Bauer, Markus J -- Beare, David -- Butler, Adam -- Carter, Richard J -- Chen, Lina -- Cox, Anthony J -- Edkins, Sarah -- Kokko-Gonzales, Paula I -- Gormley, Niall A -- Grocock, Russell J -- Haudenschild, Christian D -- Hims, Matthew M -- James, Terena -- Jia, Mingming -- Kingsbury, Zoya -- Leroy, Catherine -- Marshall, John -- Menzies, Andrew -- Mudie, Laura J -- Ning, Zemin -- Royce, Tom -- Schulz-Trieglaff, Ole B -- Spiridou, Anastassia -- Stebbings, Lucy A -- Szajkowski, Lukasz -- Teague, Jon -- Williamson, David -- Chin, Lynda -- Ross, Mark T -- Campbell, Peter J -- Bentley, David R -- Futreal, P Andrew -- Stratton, Michael R -- 077012/Z/05/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 088340/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 093867/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jan 14;463(7278):191-6. doi: 10.1038/nature08658. Epub 2009 Dec 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20016485" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA Damage/genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; DNA Repair/genetics ; Gene Dosage/genetics ; Genes, Neoplasm/*genetics ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Humans ; Loss of Heterozygosity/genetics ; Male ; Melanoma/etiology/genetics ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; Mutagenesis, Insertional/genetics ; Mutation/*genetics ; Neoplasms/etiology/*genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Precision Medicine ; Sequence Deletion/genetics ; Ultraviolet Rays
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    Sex determination: An avian sexual revolution (2010)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-03-12
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barske, Lindsey A -- Capel, Blanche -- England -- Nature. 2010 Mar 11;464(7286):171-2. doi: 10.1038/464171a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20220830" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Birds/genetics/*physiology ; Chick Embryo ; Chickens ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mosaicism ; Phenotype ; Sex Characteristics ; Sex Chromosomes/genetics ; *Sex Determination Processes
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Role of a ribosome-associated E3 ubiquitin ligase in protein quality control (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-09-14
    Beschreibung: Messenger RNA lacking stop codons ('non-stop mRNA') can arise from errors in gene expression, and encode aberrant proteins whose accumulation could be deleterious to cellular function. In bacteria, these 'non-stop proteins' become co-translationally tagged with a peptide encoded by ssrA/tmRNA (transfer-messenger RNA), which signals their degradation by energy-dependent proteases. How eukaryotic cells eliminate non-stop proteins has remained unknown. Here we show that the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ltn1 RING-domain-type E3 ubiquitin ligase acts in the quality control of non-stop proteins, in a process that is mechanistically distinct but conceptually analogous to that performed by ssrA: Ltn1 is predominantly associated with ribosomes, and it marks nascent non-stop proteins with ubiquitin to signal their proteasomal degradation. Ltn1-mediated ubiquitylation of non-stop proteins seems to be triggered by their stalling in ribosomes on translation through the poly(A) tail. The biological relevance of this process is underscored by the finding that loss of Ltn1 function confers sensitivity to stress caused by increased non-stop protein production. We speculate that defective protein quality control may underlie the neurodegenerative phenotype that results from mutation of the mouse Ltn1 homologue Listerin.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2988496/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2988496/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bengtson, Mario H -- Joazeiro, Claudio A P -- R01 GM083060/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM083060-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM083060/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Sep 23;467(7314):470-3. doi: 10.1038/nature09371. Epub 2010 Sep 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, CB168, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20835226" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Codon, Terminator/genetics ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Peptide Chain Termination, Translational ; Polylysine/biosynthesis/metabolism ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Biosynthesis/*physiology ; Ribosomes/*enzymology/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/cytology/enzymology/genetics/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Stress, Physiological ; Ubiquitin/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; *Ubiquitination
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    Blindsight depends on the lateral geniculate nucleus (2010)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-06-25
    Beschreibung: Injury to the primary visual cortex (V1) leads to the loss of visual experience. Nonetheless, careful testing shows that certain visually guided behaviours can persist even in the absence of visual awareness. The neural circuits supporting this phenomenon, which is often termed blindsight, remain uncertain. Here we demonstrate that the thalamic lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) has a causal role in V1-independent processing of visual information. By comparing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and behavioural measures with and without temporary LGN inactivation, we assessed the contribution of the LGN to visual functions of macaque monkeys (Macaca mulatta) with chronic V1 lesions. Before LGN inactivation, high-contrast stimuli presented to the lesion-affected visual field (scotoma) produced significant V1-independent fMRI activation in the extrastriate cortical areas V2, V3, V4, V5/middle temporal (MT), fundus of the superior temporal sulcus (FST) and lateral intraparietal area (LIP) and the animals correctly located the stimuli in a detection task. However, following reversible inactivation of the LGN in the V1-lesioned hemisphere, fMRI responses and behavioural detection were abolished. These results demonstrate that direct LGN projections to the extrastriate cortex have a critical functional contribution to blindsight. They suggest a viable pathway to mediate fast detection during normal vision.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2904843/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2904843/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schmid, Michael C -- Mrowka, Sylwia W -- Turchi, Janita -- Saunders, Richard C -- Wilke, Melanie -- Peters, Andrew J -- Ye, Frank Q -- Leopold, David A -- Z01 MH002838-05/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jul 15;466(7304):373-7. doi: 10.1038/nature09179. Epub 2010 Jun 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), 49 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. schmidmicha@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20574422" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Female ; Geniculate Bodies/*physiology/physiopathology ; Macaca mulatta/*physiology ; Male ; Models, Neurological ; Photic Stimulation ; Visual Cortex/physiology/physiopathology ; Visual Pathways/*physiology/physiopathology ; Visual Perception/*physiology
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    The amino-terminal disease hotspot of ryanodine receptors forms a cytoplasmic vestibule (2010)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-11-05
    Beschreibung: Many physiological events require transient increases in cytosolic Ca(2+) concentrations. Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are ion channels that govern the release of Ca(2+) from the endoplasmic and sarcoplasmic reticulum. Mutations in RyRs can lead to severe genetic conditions that affect both cardiac and skeletal muscle, but locating the mutated residues in the full-length channel structure has been difficult. Here we show the 2.5 A resolution crystal structure of a region spanning three domains of RyR type 1 (RyR1), encompassing amino acid residues 1-559. The domains interact with each other through a predominantly hydrophilic interface. Docking in RyR1 electron microscopy maps unambiguously places the domains in the cytoplasmic portion of the channel, forming a 240-kDa cytoplasmic vestibule around the four-fold symmetry axis. We pinpoint the exact locations of more than 50 disease-associated mutations in full-length RyR1 and RyR2. The mutations can be classified into three groups: those that destabilize the interfaces between the three amino-terminal domains, disturb the folding of individual domains or affect one of six interfaces with other parts of the receptor. We propose a model whereby the opening of a RyR coincides with allosterically coupled motions within the N-terminal domains. This process can be affected by mutations that target various interfaces within and across subunits. The crystal structure provides a framework to understand the many disease-associated mutations in RyRs that have been studied using functional methods, and will be useful for developing new strategies to modulate RyR function in disease states.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tung, Ching-Chieh -- Lobo, Paolo A -- Kimlicka, Lynn -- Van Petegem, Filip -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- England -- Nature. 2010 Nov 25;468(7323):585-8. doi: 10.1038/nature09471. Epub 2010 Nov 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21048710" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Models, Molecular ; Mutation/genetics ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rabbits ; Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel/*chemistry/*genetics/metabolism
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    Animal behaviour: An ill wind for finches (2010)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-02-19
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lincoln, Tim -- England -- Nature. 2010 Feb 18;463(7283):888. doi: 10.1038/463888a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20164914" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Bird Diseases/*epidemiology/microbiology/transmission ; Cues ; Feeding Behavior/*physiology ; Female ; Finches/*physiology ; Male ; Mycoplasma Infections/epidemiology/microbiology/transmission/*veterinary ; *Mycoplasma gallisepticum/pathogenicity ; Sex Factors
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Two enzymes bound to one transfer RNA assume alternative conformations for consecutive reactions (2010)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-10-01
    Beschreibung: In most bacteria and all archaea, glutamyl-tRNA synthetase (GluRS) glutamylates both tRNA(Glu) and tRNA(Gln), and then Glu-tRNA(Gln) is selectively converted to Gln-tRNA(Gln) by a tRNA-dependent amidotransferase. The mechanisms by which the two enzymes recognize their substrate tRNA(s), and how they cooperate with each other in Gln-tRNA(Gln) synthesis, remain to be determined. Here we report the formation of the 'glutamine transamidosome' from the bacterium Thermotoga maritima, consisting of tRNA(Gln), GluRS and the heterotrimeric amidotransferase GatCAB, and its crystal structure at 3.35 A resolution. The anticodon-binding body of GluRS recognizes the common features of tRNA(Gln) and tRNA(Glu), whereas the tail body of GatCAB recognizes the outer corner of the L-shaped tRNA(Gln) in a tRNA(Gln)-specific manner. GluRS is in the productive form, as its catalytic body binds to the amino-acid-acceptor arm of tRNA(Gln). In contrast, GatCAB is in the non-productive form: the catalytic body of GatCAB contacts that of GluRS and is located near the acceptor stem of tRNA(Gln), in an appropriate site to wait for the completion of Glu-tRNA(Gln) formation by GluRS. We identified the hinges between the catalytic and anticodon-binding bodies of GluRS and between the catalytic and tail bodies of GatCAB, which allow both GluRS and GatCAB to adopt the productive and non-productive forms. The catalytic bodies of the two enzymes compete for the acceptor arm of tRNA(Gln) and therefore cannot assume their productive forms simultaneously. The transition from the present glutamylation state, with the productive GluRS and the non-productive GatCAB, to the putative amidation state, with the non-productive GluRS and the productive GatCAB, requires an intermediate state with the two enzymes in their non-productive forms, for steric reasons. The proposed mechanism explains how the transamidosome efficiently performs the two consecutive steps of Gln-tRNA(Gln) formation, with a low risk of releasing the unstable intermediate Glu-tRNA(Gln).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ito, Takuhiro -- Yokoyama, Shigeyuki -- England -- Nature. 2010 Sep 30;467(7315):612-6. doi: 10.1038/nature09411.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20882017" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Anticodon/genetics ; Biocatalysis ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay ; Glutamate-tRNA Ligase/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Conformation ; Nitrogenous Group Transferases/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; RNA, Transfer, Gln/biosynthesis/*chemistry/*metabolism ; RNA, Transfer, Glu/chemistry/metabolism ; Staphylococcus aureus/enzymology ; Substrate Specificity ; Thermotoga maritima/*enzymology
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    Multiple personal genomes await (2010)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-04-03
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Venter, J Craig -- England -- Nature. 2010 Apr 1;464(7289):676-7. doi: 10.1038/464676a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, California 92121, USA. jcventer@jcvi.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20360717" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Continental Population Groups/genetics ; Diploidy ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics ; Genetic Variation/genetics ; Genetics, Medical/*trends ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Genomics/economics/history/*trends ; Haploidy ; Haplotypes/genetics ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Human Genome Project/economics/history ; Humans ; Male ; Phenotype ; Precision Medicine/*trends ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/economics/history/instrumentation/methods
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    In vivo imaging of haematopoietic cells emerging from the mouse aortic endothelium (2010)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-02-16
    Beschreibung: Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), responsible for blood production in the adult mouse, are first detected in the dorsal aorta starting at embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5). Immunohistological analysis of fixed embryo sections has revealed the presence of haematopoietic cell clusters attached to the aortic endothelium where HSCs might localize. The origin of HSCs has long been controversial and several candidates of the direct HSC precursors have been proposed (for review see ref. 7), including a specialized endothelial cell population with a haemogenic potential. Such cells have been described both in vitro in the embryonic stem cell (ESC) culture system and retrospectively in vivo by endothelial lineage tracing and conditional deletion experiments. Whether the transition from haemogenic endothelium to HSC actually occurs in the mouse embryonic aorta is still unclear and requires direct and real-time in vivo observation. To address this issue we used time-lapse confocal imaging and a new dissection procedure to visualize the deeply located aorta. Here we show the dynamic de novo emergence of phenotypically defined HSCs (Sca1(+), c-kit(+), CD41(+)) directly from ventral aortic haemogenic endothelial cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boisset, Jean-Charles -- van Cappellen, Wiggert -- Andrieu-Soler, Charlotte -- Galjart, Niels -- Dzierzak, Elaine -- Robin, Catherine -- R37 DKO54077/PHS HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Mar 4;464(7285):116-20. doi: 10.1038/nature08764. Epub 2010 Feb 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Cell Biology, CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20154729" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Aorta/*cytology/embryology/surgery ; *Cell Differentiation ; *Cell Lineage ; Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Dissection ; Embryo, Mammalian/cytology ; Endothelial Cells/cytology ; Endothelium, Vascular/*cytology/embryology ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*cytology ; Male ; Mice ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Phenotype ; Pregnancy
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    Start/stop signals emerge in nigrostriatal circuits during sequence learning (2010)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-07-24
    Beschreibung: Learning new action sequences subserves a plethora of different abilities such as escaping a predator, playing the piano, or producing fluent speech. Proper initiation and termination of each action sequence is critical for the organization of behaviour, and is compromised in nigrostriatal disorders like Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases. Using a self-paced operant task in which mice learn to perform a particular sequence of actions to obtain an outcome, we found neural activity in nigrostriatal circuits specifically signalling the initiation or the termination of each action sequence. This start/stop activity emerged during sequence learning, was specific for particular actions, and did not reflect interval timing, movement speed or action value. Furthermore, genetically altering the function of striatal circuits disrupted the development of start/stop activity and selectively impaired sequence learning. These results have important implications for understanding the functional organization of actions and the sequence initiation and termination impairments observed in basal ganglia disorders.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3477867/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3477867/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jin, Xin -- Costa, Rui M -- 243393/European Research Council/International -- Z01 AA000416-02/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jul 22;466(7305):457-62. doi: 10.1038/nature09263.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 5625 Fishers Lane, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9412, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20651684" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Action Potentials ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Learning/*physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Models, Neurological ; Neostriatum/*physiology ; Neural Pathways/*physiology ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Substantia Nigra/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    A novel pathway regulates memory and plasticity via SIRT1 and miR-134 (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-07-14
    Beschreibung: The NAD-dependent deacetylase Sir2 was initially identified as a mediator of replicative lifespan in budding yeast and was subsequently shown to modulate longevity in worms and flies. Its mammalian homologue, SIRT1, seems to have evolved complex systemic roles in cardiac function, DNA repair and genomic stability. Recent studies suggest a functional relevance of SIRT1 in normal brain physiology and neurological disorders. However, it is unknown if SIRT1 has a role in higher-order brain functions. We report that SIRT1 modulates synaptic plasticity and memory formation via a microRNA-mediated mechanism. Activation of SIRT1 enhances, whereas its loss-of-function impairs, synaptic plasticity. Surprisingly, these effects were mediated via post-transcriptional regulation of cAMP response binding protein (CREB) expression by a brain-specific microRNA, miR-134. SIRT1 normally functions to limit expression of miR-134 via a repressor complex containing the transcription factor YY1, and unchecked miR-134 expression following SIRT1 deficiency results in the downregulated expression of CREB and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), thereby impairing synaptic plasticity. These findings demonstrate a new role for SIRT1 in cognition and a previously unknown microRNA-based mechanism by which SIRT1 regulates these processes. Furthermore, these results describe a separate branch of SIRT1 signalling, in which SIRT1 has a direct role in regulating normal brain function in a manner that is disparate from its cell survival functions, demonstrating its value as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of central nervous system disorders.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2928875/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2928875/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gao, Jun -- Wang, Wen-Yuan -- Mao, Ying-Wei -- Graff, Johannes -- Guan, Ji-Song -- Pan, Ling -- Mak, Gloria -- Kim, Dohoon -- Su, Susan C -- Tsai, Li-Huei -- P01 AG027916/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Aug 26;466(7310):1105-9. doi: 10.1038/nature09271. Epub 2010 Jul 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20622856" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism ; CREB-Binding Protein/metabolism ; Electrical Synapses/genetics/pathology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Long-Term Potentiation/genetics ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Memory Disorders/genetics/physiopathology ; Mice ; MicroRNAs/*genetics/*metabolism ; Neuronal Plasticity/*genetics ; Protein Binding ; Sequence Deletion ; Sirtuin 1/*genetics/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    PHF8 mediates histone H4 lysine 20 demethylation events involved in cell cycle progression (2010)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-07-14
    Beschreibung: While reversible histone modifications are linked to an ever-expanding range of biological functions, the demethylases for histone H4 lysine 20 and their potential regulatory roles remain unknown. Here we report that the PHD and Jumonji C (JmjC) domain-containing protein, PHF8, while using multiple substrates, including H3K9me1/2 and H3K27me2, also functions as an H4K20me1 demethylase. PHF8 is recruited to promoters by its PHD domain based on interaction with H3K4me2/3 and controls G1-S transition in conjunction with E2F1, HCF-1 (also known as HCFC1) and SET1A (also known as SETD1A), at least in part, by removing the repressive H4K20me1 mark from a subset of E2F1-regulated gene promoters. Phosphorylation-dependent PHF8 dismissal from chromatin in prophase is apparently required for the accumulation of H4K20me1 during early mitosis, which might represent a component of the condensin II loading process. Accordingly, the HEAT repeat clusters in two non-structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) condensin II subunits, N-CAPD3 and N-CAPG2 (also known as NCAPD3 and NCAPG2, respectively), are capable of recognizing H4K20me1, and ChIP-Seq analysis demonstrates a significant overlap of condensin II and H4K20me1 sites in mitotic HeLa cells. Thus, the identification and characterization of an H4K20me1 demethylase, PHF8, has revealed an intimate link between this enzyme and two distinct events in cell cycle progression.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3059551/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3059551/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Wen -- Tanasa, Bogdan -- Tyurina, Oksana V -- Zhou, Tian Yuan -- Gassmann, Reto -- Liu, Wei Ting -- Ohgi, Kenneth A -- Benner, Chris -- Garcia-Bassets, Ivan -- Aggarwal, Aneel K -- Desai, Arshad -- Dorrestein, Pieter C -- Glass, Christopher K -- Rosenfeld, Michael G -- R01 CA097134/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA097134-09/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK018477/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK018477-35/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK039949/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK039949-18/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL065445/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS034934/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS034934-21/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK039949/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jul 22;466(7305):508-12. doi: 10.1038/nature09272. Epub 2010 Jul 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20622854" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adenosine Triphosphatases/chemistry/metabolism ; Cell Cycle/*physiology ; Cell Line ; Chromatin/metabolism ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/chemistry/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Histone Demethylases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/metabolism ; Histones/chemistry/*metabolism ; Host Cell Factor C1/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Lysine/*metabolism ; Methylation ; Multiprotein Complexes/chemistry/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Gender agenda: sex bias can be justified in animal research (2010)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-07-03
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bolon, Brad -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jul 1;466(7302):28. doi: 10.1038/466028d.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20595991" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animal Experimentation/standards ; Animals ; Animals, Laboratory ; *Bias (Epidemiology) ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Editorial Policies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Models, Animal ; *Research Design ; *Sex Characteristics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    NRMT is an alpha-N-methyltransferase that methylates RCC1 and retinoblastoma protein (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-07-30
    Beschreibung: The post-translational methylation of alpha-amino groups was first discovered over 30 years ago on the bacterial ribosomal proteins L16 and L33 (refs 1, 2), but almost nothing is known about the function or enzymology of this modification. Several other bacterial and eukaryotic proteins have since been shown to be alpha-N-methylated. However, the Ran guanine nucleotide-exchange factor, RCC1, is the only protein for which any biological function of alpha-N-methylation has been identified. Methylation-defective mutants of RCC1 have reduced affinity for DNA and cause mitotic defects, but further characterization of this modification has been hindered by ignorance of the responsible methyltransferase. All fungal and animal N-terminally methylated proteins contain a unique N-terminal motif, Met-(Ala/Pro/Ser)-Pro-Lys, indicating that they may be targets of the same, unknown enzyme. The initiating Met is cleaved, and the exposed alpha-amino group is mono-, di- or trimethylated. Here we report the discovery of the first alpha-N-methyltransferase, which we named N-terminal RCC1 methyltransferase (NRMT). Substrate docking and mutational analysis of RCC1 defined the NRMT recognition sequence and enabled the identification of numerous new methylation targets, including SET (also known as TAF-I or PHAPII) and the retinoblastoma protein, RB. Knockdown of NRMT recapitulates the multi-spindle phenotype seen with methylation-defective RCC1 mutants, demonstrating the importance of alpha-N-methylation for normal bipolar spindle formation and chromosome segregation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2939154/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2939154/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tooley, Christine E Schaner -- Petkowski, Janusz J -- Muratore-Schroeder, Tara L -- Balsbaugh, Jeremy L -- Shabanowitz, Jeffrey -- Sabat, Michal -- Minor, Wladek -- Hunt, Donald F -- Macara, Ian G -- R01 GM050526/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM050526-17/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Aug 26;466(7310):1125-8. doi: 10.1038/nature09343.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, Center for Cell Signaling, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA. ces5g@virginia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20668449" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Cell Cycle Proteins/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Chromosome Segregation ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors/*metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Histone Chaperones/metabolism ; Humans ; Methyltransferases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation/genetics ; Nuclear Proteins/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Retinoblastoma Protein/*metabolism ; Spindle Apparatus/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Climate-driven population divergence in sex-determining systems (2010)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-10-29
    Beschreibung: Sex determination is a fundamental biological process, yet its mechanisms are remarkably diverse. In vertebrates, sex can be determined by inherited genetic factors or by the temperature experienced during embryonic development. However, the evolutionary causes of this diversity remain unknown. Here we show that live-bearing lizards at different climatic extremes of the species' distribution differ in their sex-determining mechanisms, with temperature-dependent sex determination in lowlands and genotypic sex determination in highlands. A theoretical model parameterized with field data accurately predicts this divergence in sex-determining systems and the consequence thereof for variation in cohort sex ratios among years. Furthermore, we show that divergent natural selection on sex determination across altitudes is caused by climatic effects on lizard life history and variation in the magnitude of between-year temperature fluctuations. Our results establish an adaptive explanation for intra-specific divergence in sex-determining systems driven by phenotypic plasticity and ecological selection, thereby providing a unifying framework for integrating the developmental, ecological and evolutionary basis for variation in vertebrate sex determination.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pen, Ido -- Uller, Tobias -- Feldmeyer, Barbara -- Harts, Anna -- While, Geoffrey M -- Wapstra, Erik -- England -- Nature. 2010 Nov 18;468(7322):436-8. doi: 10.1038/nature09512. Epub 2010 Oct 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Theoretical Biology Group, University of Groningen, PO Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, the Netherlands. i.r.pen@rug.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20981009" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Altitude ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Climate ; Female ; Genotype ; Lizards/*genetics/*physiology ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Phenotype ; Selection, Genetic ; Sex Chromosomes ; *Sex Determination Processes/genetics/physiology ; *Sex Differentiation/genetics/physiology ; Sex Ratio ; *Temperature ; Time Factors ; Viviparity, Nonmammalian/physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Protein-protein interactions: Real-time analysis (2010)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-12-15
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bonetta, Laura -- England -- Nature. 2010 Dec 9;468(7325):854. doi: 10.1038/468854a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21151000" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): California ; Protein Binding ; Protein Interaction Mapping/*methods ; RNA, Transfer/metabolism ; Ribosomes/metabolism ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods ; Time Factors
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Neuroscience: A mine of imprinted genes (2010)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-08-13
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Keverne, Eric B -- England -- Nature. 2010 Aug 12;466(7308):823-4. doi: 10.1038/466823a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20703293" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Alleles ; Animals ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Brain/cytology/*metabolism ; Fathers ; Female ; Genomic Imprinting/*genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Models, Genetic ; Mothers ; X Chromosome/genetics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Strange lesions after stem-cell therapy (2010)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-06-26
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cyranoski, David -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jun 24;465(7301):997. doi: 10.1038/465997a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20577182" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Child ; Fatal Outcome ; Female ; *Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects ; Humans ; Lupus Nephritis/*complications/*therapy ; Male ; Thailand
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Gene therapy: Targeting beta-thalassaemia (2010)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-09-17
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Persons, Derek A -- England -- Nature. 2010 Sep 16;467(7313):277-8. doi: 10.1038/467277a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20844523" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Blood Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Blood Transfusion ; Clone Cells/metabolism ; *Genetic Therapy ; HMGA2 Protein/genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Time Factors ; Transcriptional Activation ; Young Adult ; beta-Globins/*genetics/*metabolism ; beta-Thalassemia/*genetics/metabolism/*therapy
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Toxicology: The big test for bisphenol A (2010)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-04-24
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Borrell, Brendan -- England -- Nature. 2010 Apr 22;464(7292):1122-4. doi: 10.1038/4641122a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20414285" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Benzhydryl Compounds ; Chemical Industry/methods/standards ; Endocrine Disruptors/adverse effects/toxicity ; Estrogens, Non-Steroidal/adverse effects/toxicity ; Female ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Mice ; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (U.S.) ; Neoplasms/chemically induced/etiology ; Phenols/adverse effects/*toxicity ; Rats ; Toxicity Tests/methods/standards ; Toxicology/economics/*methods/*standards ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency ; Validation Studies as Topic
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Orm family proteins mediate sphingolipid homeostasis (2010)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-02-26
    Beschreibung: Despite the essential roles of sphingolipids both as structural components of membranes and critical signalling molecules, we have a limited understanding of how cells sense and regulate their levels. Here we reveal the function in sphingolipid metabolism of the ORM genes (known as ORMDL genes in humans)-a conserved gene family that includes ORMDL3, which has recently been identified as a potential risk factor for childhood asthma. Starting from an unbiased functional genomic approach in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we identify Orm proteins as negative regulators of sphingolipid synthesis that form a conserved complex with serine palmitoyltransferase, the first and rate-limiting enzyme in sphingolipid production. We also define a regulatory pathway in which phosphorylation of Orm proteins relieves their inhibitory activity when sphingolipid production is disrupted. Changes in ORM gene expression or mutations to their phosphorylation sites cause dysregulation of sphingolipid metabolism. Our work identifies the Orm proteins as critical mediators of sphingolipid homeostasis and raises the possibility that sphingolipid misregulation contributes to the development of childhood asthma.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2877384/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2877384/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Breslow, David K -- Collins, Sean R -- Bodenmiller, Bernd -- Aebersold, Ruedi -- Simons, Kai -- Shevchenko, Andrej -- Ejsing, Christer S -- Weissman, Jonathan S -- N01-HV-28179/HV/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P50 GM073210/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50 GM073210-06/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Feb 25;463(7284):1048-53. doi: 10.1038/nature08787.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20182505" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Asthma/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Conserved Sequence ; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated/pharmacology ; HeLa Cells ; *Homeostasis ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Multigene Family ; Multiprotein Complexes/chemistry/metabolism ; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases/genetics/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/drug effects/enzymology/genetics/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/classification/genetics/*metabolism ; Serine C-Palmitoyltransferase/genetics/metabolism ; Sphingolipids/biosynthesis/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Sex bias in trials and treatment must end (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-06-11
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kim, Alison M -- Tingen, Candace M -- Woodruff, Teresa K -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jun 10;465(7299):688-9. doi: 10.1038/465688a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20535184" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Bias (Epidemiology) ; Biomedical Research/methods/*trends ; Clinical Trials as Topic/methods/*trends ; Drug Dosage Calculations ; Female ; Genomic Imprinting ; Humans ; Male ; Precision Medicine/trends ; *Sex Characteristics ; Sex Distribution ; Sex Factors
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    A conserved spider silk domain acts as a molecular switch that controls fibre assembly (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-05-14
    Beschreibung: A huge variety of proteins are able to form fibrillar structures, especially at high protein concentrations. Hence, it is surprising that spider silk proteins can be stored in a soluble form at high concentrations and transformed into extremely stable fibres on demand. Silk proteins are reminiscent of amphiphilic block copolymers containing stretches of polyalanine and glycine-rich polar elements forming a repetitive core flanked by highly conserved non-repetitive amino-terminal and carboxy-terminal domains. The N-terminal domain comprises a secretion signal, but further functions remain unassigned. The C-terminal domain was implicated in the control of solubility and fibre formation initiated by changes in ionic composition and mechanical stimuli known to align the repetitive sequence elements and promote beta-sheet formation. However, despite recent structural data, little is known about this remarkable behaviour in molecular detail. Here we present the solution structure of the C-terminal domain of a spider dragline silk protein and provide evidence that the structural state of this domain is essential for controlled switching between the storage and assembly forms of silk proteins. In addition, the C-terminal domain also has a role in the alignment of secondary structural features formed by the repetitive elements in the backbone of spider silk proteins, which is known to be important for the mechanical properties of the fibre.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hagn, Franz -- Eisoldt, Lukas -- Hardy, John G -- Vendrely, Charlotte -- Coles, Murray -- Scheibel, Thomas -- Kessler, Horst -- England -- Nature. 2010 May 13;465(7295):239-42. doi: 10.1038/nature08936.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Technische Universitat Munchen, 85747 Garching, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20463741" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning ; Circular Dichroism ; *Conserved Sequence ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Silk/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Spiders/*chemistry
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Role of conserved non-coding DNA elements in the Foxp3 gene in regulatory T-cell fate (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-01-15
    Beschreibung: Immune homeostasis is dependent on tight control over the size of a population of regulatory T (T(reg)) cells capable of suppressing over-exuberant immune responses. The T(reg) cell subset is comprised of cells that commit to the T(reg) lineage by upregulating the transcription factor Foxp3 either in the thymus (tT(reg)) or in the periphery (iT(reg)). Considering a central role for Foxp3 in T(reg) cell differentiation and function, we proposed that conserved non-coding DNA sequence (CNS) elements at the Foxp3 locus encode information defining the size, composition and stability of the T(reg) cell population. Here we describe the function of three Foxp3 CNS elements (CNS1-3) in T(reg) cell fate determination in mice. The pioneer element CNS3, which acts to potently increase the frequency of T(reg) cells generated in the thymus and the periphery, binds c-Rel in in vitro assays. In contrast, CNS1, which contains a TGF-beta-NFAT response element, is superfluous for tT(reg) cell differentiation, but has a prominent role in iT(reg) cell generation in gut-associated lymphoid tissues. CNS2, although dispensable for Foxp3 induction, is required for Foxp3 expression in the progeny of dividing T(reg) cells. Foxp3 binds to CNS2 in a Cbf-beta-Runx1 and CpG DNA demethylation-dependent manner, suggesting that Foxp3 recruitment to this 'cellular memory module' facilitates the heritable maintenance of the active state of the Foxp3 locus and, therefore, T(reg) lineage stability. Together, our studies demonstrate that the composition, size and maintenance of the T(reg) cell population are controlled by Foxp3 CNS elements engaged in response to distinct cell-extrinsic or -intrinsic cues.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2884187/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2884187/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zheng, Ye -- Josefowicz, Steven -- Chaudhry, Ashutosh -- Peng, Xiao P -- Forbush, Katherine -- Rudensky, Alexander Y -- R37 AI034206/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Feb 11;463(7282):808-12. doi: 10.1038/nature08750. Epub 2010 Jan 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20072126" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage/*genetics ; Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly ; Conserved Sequence/*genetics ; CpG Islands/genetics ; DNA Methylation ; Female ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/*genetics/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Lymphocyte Count ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-rel/metabolism ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid/*genetics ; Response Elements/genetics ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/*cytology/immunology/*metabolism ; Thymus Gland/cytology/immunology/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 89
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    Science in court: head case (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-03-20
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hughes, Virginia -- England -- Nature. 2010 Mar 18;464(7287):340-2. doi: 10.1038/464340a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20237536" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Antisocial Personality Disorder/physiopathology/psychology ; Child ; Female ; Forensic Sciences/ethics/*methods/trends ; Homicide/*legislation & jurisprudence/*psychology ; Humans ; Insanity Defense ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/standards/*utilization ; Male ; *Neurosciences ; Positron-Emission Tomography/utilization ; Rape/legislation & jurisprudence/psychology ; Reproducibility of Results
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Genome, epigenome and RNA sequences of monozygotic twins discordant for multiple sclerosis (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-04-30
    Beschreibung: Monozygotic or 'identical' twins have been widely studied to dissect the relative contributions of genetics and environment in human diseases. In multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune demyelinating disease and common cause of neurodegeneration and disability in young adults, disease discordance in monozygotic twins has been interpreted to indicate environmental importance in its pathogenesis. However, genetic and epigenetic differences between monozygotic twins have been described, challenging the accepted experimental model in disambiguating the effects of nature and nurture. Here we report the genome sequences of one MS-discordant monozygotic twin pair, and messenger RNA transcriptome and epigenome sequences of CD4(+) lymphocytes from three MS-discordant, monozygotic twin pairs. No reproducible differences were detected between co-twins among approximately 3.6 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or approximately 0.2 million insertion-deletion polymorphisms. Nor were any reproducible differences observed between siblings of the three twin pairs in HLA haplotypes, confirmed MS-susceptibility SNPs, copy number variations, mRNA and genomic SNP and insertion-deletion genotypes, or the expression of approximately 19,000 genes in CD4(+) T cells. Only 2 to 176 differences in the methylation of approximately 2 million CpG dinucleotides were detected between siblings of the three twin pairs, in contrast to approximately 800 methylation differences between T cells of unrelated individuals and several thousand differences between tissues or between normal and cancerous tissues. In the first systematic effort to estimate sequence variation among monozygotic co-twins, we did not find evidence for genetic, epigenetic or transcriptome differences that explained disease discordance. These are the first, to our knowledge, female, twin and autoimmune disease individual genome sequences reported.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2862593/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2862593/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baranzini, Sergio E -- Mudge, Joann -- van Velkinburgh, Jennifer C -- Khankhanian, Pouya -- Khrebtukova, Irina -- Miller, Neil A -- Zhang, Lu -- Farmer, Andrew D -- Bell, Callum J -- Kim, Ryan W -- May, Gregory D -- Woodward, Jimmy E -- Caillier, Stacy J -- McElroy, Joseph P -- Gomez, Refujia -- Pando, Marcelo J -- Clendenen, Leonda E -- Ganusova, Elena E -- Schilkey, Faye D -- Ramaraj, Thiruvarangan -- Khan, Omar A -- Huntley, Jim J -- Luo, Shujun -- Kwok, Pui-Yan -- Wu, Thomas D -- Schroth, Gary P -- Oksenberg, Jorge R -- Hauser, Stephen L -- Kingsmore, Stephen F -- P20 RR016480/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P20 RR016480-09/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS026799/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS026799-20A1/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS046297/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS046297-06/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01NS26799/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01NS46297/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- RR016480/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI066569/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI066569-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 HD077693/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Apr 29;464(7293):1351-6. doi: 10.1038/nature08990.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA. sebaran@cgl.ucsf.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20428171" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Allelic Imbalance/genetics ; Breast/metabolism ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; CpG Islands/genetics ; DNA Copy Number Variations/genetics ; DNA Methylation/genetics ; Epigenesis, Genetic/*genetics ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Haplotypes/genetics ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; INDEL Mutation/genetics ; Lung/metabolism ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics ; Male ; Multiple Sclerosis/*genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics ; Quantitative Trait Loci/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/*genetics/metabolism ; Twins, Monozygotic/*genetics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 91
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    Selective inhibition of BET bromodomains (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-09-28
    Beschreibung: Epigenetic proteins are intently pursued targets in ligand discovery. So far, successful efforts have been limited to chromatin modifying enzymes, or so-called epigenetic 'writers' and 'erasers'. Potent inhibitors of histone binding modules have not yet been described. Here we report a cell-permeable small molecule (JQ1) that binds competitively to acetyl-lysine recognition motifs, or bromodomains. High potency and specificity towards a subset of human bromodomains is explained by co-crystal structures with bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) family member BRD4, revealing excellent shape complementarity with the acetyl-lysine binding cavity. Recurrent translocation of BRD4 is observed in a genetically-defined, incurable subtype of human squamous carcinoma. Competitive binding by JQ1 displaces the BRD4 fusion oncoprotein from chromatin, prompting squamous differentiation and specific antiproliferative effects in BRD4-dependent cell lines and patient-derived xenograft models. These data establish proof-of-concept for targeting protein-protein interactions of epigenetic 'readers', and provide a versatile chemical scaffold for the development of chemical probes more broadly throughout the bromodomain family.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3010259/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3010259/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Filippakopoulos, Panagis -- Qi, Jun -- Picaud, Sarah -- Shen, Yao -- Smith, William B -- Fedorov, Oleg -- Morse, Elizabeth M -- Keates, Tracey -- Hickman, Tyler T -- Felletar, Ildiko -- Philpott, Martin -- Munro, Shonagh -- McKeown, Michael R -- Wang, Yuchuan -- Christie, Amanda L -- West, Nathan -- Cameron, Michael J -- Schwartz, Brian -- Heightman, Tom D -- La Thangue, Nicholas -- French, Christopher A -- Wiest, Olaf -- Kung, Andrew L -- Knapp, Stefan -- Bradner, James E -- 13058/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- G0500905/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G1000807/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G9400953/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- K08 CA128972/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K08 CA128972-03/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32-075762/PHS HHS/ -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2010 Dec 23;468(7327):1067-73. doi: 10.1038/nature09504. Epub 2010 Sep 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20871596" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Azirines/chemical synthesis/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Binding Sites ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/physiopathology ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Chromatin/metabolism ; Dihydropyridines/chemical synthesis/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; *Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Protein Binding/drug effects ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; Skin Neoplasms/physiopathology ; Stereoisomerism ; Transcription Factors/*antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism
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    Convergent evolution of chicken Z and human X chromosomes by expansion and gene acquisition (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-07-14
    Beschreibung: In birds, as in mammals, one pair of chromosomes differs between the sexes. In birds, males are ZZ and females ZW. In mammals, males are XY and females XX. Like the mammalian XY pair, the avian ZW pair is believed to have evolved from autosomes, with most change occurring in the chromosomes found in only one sex--the W and Y chromosomes. By contrast, the sex chromosomes found in both sexes--the Z and X chromosomes--are assumed to have diverged little from their autosomal progenitors. Here we report findings that challenge this assumption for both the chicken Z chromosome and the human X chromosome. The chicken Z chromosome, which we sequenced essentially to completion, is less gene-dense than chicken autosomes but contains a massive tandem array containing hundreds of duplicated genes expressed in testes. A comprehensive comparison of the chicken Z chromosome with the finished sequence of the human X chromosome demonstrates that each evolved independently from different portions of the ancestral genome. Despite this independence, the chicken Z and human X chromosomes share features that distinguish them from autosomes: the acquisition and amplification of testis-expressed genes, and a low gene density resulting from an expansion of intergenic regions. These features were not present on the autosomes from which the Z and X chromosomes originated but were instead acquired during the evolution of Z and X as sex chromosomes. We conclude that the avian Z and mammalian X chromosomes followed convergent evolutionary trajectories, despite their evolving with opposite (female versus male) systems of heterogamety. More broadly, in birds and mammals, sex chromosome evolution involved not only gene loss in sex-specific chromosomes, but also marked expansion and gene acquisition in sex chromosomes common to males and females.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2943333/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2943333/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bellott, Daniel W -- Skaletsky, Helen -- Pyntikova, Tatyana -- Mardis, Elaine R -- Graves, Tina -- Kremitzki, Colin -- Brown, Laura G -- Rozen, Steve -- Warren, Wesley C -- Wilson, Richard K -- Page, David C -- R01 HG000257/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG000257-21/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jul 29;466(7306):612-6. doi: 10.1038/nature09172. Epub 2010 Jul 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20622855" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Chickens/*genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, X/*genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Gene Deletion ; Genes/*genetics ; Genome/genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Multigene Family/genetics ; Sex Characteristics ; Sex Chromosomes/*genetics ; Testis/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    eIF5 has GDI activity necessary for translational control by eIF2 phosphorylation (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2010-05-21
    Beschreibung: In protein synthesis initiation, the eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF) 2 (a G protein) functions in its GTP-bound state to deliver initiator methionyl-tRNA (tRNA(i)(Met)) to the small ribosomal subunit and is necessary for protein synthesis in all cells. Phosphorylation of eIF2 [eIF2(alphaP)] is critical for translational control in diverse settings including nutrient deprivation, viral infection and memory formation. eIF5 functions in start site selection as a GTPase accelerating protein (GAP) for the eIF2.GTP.tRNA(i)(Met) ternary complex within the ribosome-bound pre-initiation complex. Here we define new regulatory functions of eIF5 in the recycling of eIF2 from its inactive eIF2.GDP state between successive rounds of translation initiation. First we show that eIF5 stabilizes the binding of GDP to eIF2 and is therefore a bi-functional protein that acts as a GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI). We find that this activity is independent of the GAP function and identify conserved residues within eIF5 that are necessary for this role. Second we show that eIF5 is a critical component of the eIF2(alphaP) regulatory complex that inhibits the activity of the guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) eIF2B. Together our studies define a new step in the translation initiation pathway, one that is critical for normal translational controls.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2875157/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2875157/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jennings, Martin D -- Pavitt, Graham D -- BB/E002005/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/H010599/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BBE0020051/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2010 May 20;465(7296):378-81. doi: 10.1038/nature09003.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20485439" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2/antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/*metabolism ; GTPase-Activating Proteins/metabolism ; Guanine Nucleotide Dissociation Inhibitors/chemistry/*metabolism ; Guanosine Diphosphate/metabolism ; Guanosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; *Peptide Chain Initiation, Translational ; Peptide Initiation Factors/chemistry/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Subunits/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Transfer, Met/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Network organization of the human autophagy system (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-06-22
    Beschreibung: Autophagy, the process by which proteins and organelles are sequestered in autophagosomal vesicles and delivered to the lysosome/vacuole for degradation, provides a primary route for turnover of stable and defective cellular proteins. Defects in this system are linked with numerous human diseases. Although conserved protein kinase, lipid kinase and ubiquitin-like protein conjugation subnetworks controlling autophagosome formation and cargo recruitment have been defined, our understanding of the global organization of this system is limited. Here we report a proteomic analysis of the autophagy interaction network in human cells under conditions of ongoing (basal) autophagy, revealing a network of 751 interactions among 409 candidate interacting proteins with extensive connectivity among subnetworks. Many new autophagy interaction network components have roles in vesicle trafficking, protein or lipid phosphorylation and protein ubiquitination, and affect autophagosome number or flux when depleted by RNA interference. The six ATG8 orthologues in humans (MAP1LC3/GABARAP proteins) interact with a cohort of 67 proteins, with extensive binding partner overlap between family members, and frequent involvement of a conserved surface on ATG8 proteins known to interact with LC3-interacting regions in partner proteins. These studies provide a global view of the mammalian autophagy interaction landscape and a resource for mechanistic analysis of this critical protein homeostasis pathway.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2901998/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2901998/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Behrends, Christian -- Sowa, Mathew E -- Gygi, Steven P -- Harper, J Wade -- R01 AG011085/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG011085-18/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM054137/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM054137-14/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM054137-14S1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM054137-15/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM070565/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM070565-05S1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM095567/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jul 1;466(7302):68-76. doi: 10.1038/nature09204. Epub 2010 Jun 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20562859" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics/metabolism ; Autophagy/genetics/*physiology ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Microfilament Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Phagosomes ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; *Protein Interaction Mapping ; Proteomics ; RNA Interference ; Reproducibility of Results ; Ubiquitination
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    TFIIA and the transactivator Rap1 cooperate to commit TFIID for transcription initiation (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-06-19
    Beschreibung: Transcription of eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA) encoding genes by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is triggered by the binding of transactivating proteins to enhancer DNA, which stimulates the recruitment of general transcription factors (TFIIA, B, D, E, F, H) and Pol II on the cis-linked promoter, leading to pre-initiation complex formation and transcription. In TFIID-dependent activation pathways, this general transcription factor containing TATA-box-binding protein is first recruited on the promoter through interaction with activators and cooperates with TFIIA to form a committed pre-initiation complex. However, neither the mechanisms by which activation signals are communicated between these factors nor the structural organization of the activated pre-initiation complex are known. Here we used cryo-electron microscopy to determine the architecture of nucleoprotein complexes composed of TFIID, TFIIA, the transcriptional activator Rap1 and yeast enhancer-promoter DNA. These structures revealed the mode of binding of Rap1 and TFIIA to TFIID, as well as a reorganization of TFIIA induced by its interaction with Rap1. We propose that this change in position increases the exposure of TATA-box-binding protein within TFIID, consequently enhancing its ability to interact with the promoter. A large Rap1-dependent DNA loop forms between the activator-binding site and the proximal promoter region. This loop is topologically locked by a TFIIA-Rap1 protein bridge that folds over the DNA. These results highlight the role of TFIIA in transcriptional activation, define a molecular mechanism for enhancer-promoter communication and provide structural insights into the pathways of intramolecular communication that convey transcription activation signals through the TFIID complex.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2900199/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2900199/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Papai, Gabor -- Tripathi, Manish K -- Ruhlmann, Christine -- Layer, Justin H -- Weil, P Anthony -- Schultz, Patrick -- GM52461/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM052461/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM052461-14/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jun 17;465(7300):956-60. doi: 10.1038/nature09080.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Structural Biology and Genomics, Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP10142, 67404 Illkirch, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20559389" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Cryoelectron Microscopy ; *Models, Molecular ; Nucleoproteins/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Telomere-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Transcription Factor TFIIA/chemistry/*metabolism ; Transcription Factor TFIID/chemistry/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; *Transcriptional Activation
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 96
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    Learning from the elite (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-07-16
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Trivedi, Bijal -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jul 15;466(7304):S4. doi: 10.1038/nature09235.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20631703" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/genetics/*immunology/prevention & ; control/virology ; Alleles ; *Disease Progression ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; HIV/genetics/immunology ; HIV Infections/genetics/*immunology/prevention & control/virology ; *HIV Long-Term Survivors/statistics & numerical data ; HLA-B Antigens/genetics/immunology ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate/genetics/*immunology ; Major Histocompatibility Complex/genetics ; Male ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; RNA, Viral/blood
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 97
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    Encoding of conditioned fear in central amygdala inhibitory circuits (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-11-12
    Beschreibung: The central amygdala (CEA), a nucleus predominantly composed of GABAergic inhibitory neurons, is essential for fear conditioning. How the acquisition and expression of conditioned fear are encoded within CEA inhibitory circuits is not understood. Using in vivo electrophysiological, optogenetic and pharmacological approaches in mice, we show that neuronal activity in the lateral subdivision of the central amygdala (CEl) is required for fear acquisition, whereas conditioned fear responses are driven by output neurons in the medial subdivision (CEm). Functional circuit analysis revealed that inhibitory CEA microcircuits are highly organized and that cell-type-specific plasticity of phasic and tonic activity in the CEl to CEm pathway may gate fear expression and regulate fear generalization. Our results define the functional architecture of CEA microcircuits and their role in the acquisition and regulation of conditioned fear behaviour.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ciocchi, Stephane -- Herry, Cyril -- Grenier, Francois -- Wolff, Steffen B E -- Letzkus, Johannes J -- Vlachos, Ioannis -- Ehrlich, Ingrid -- Sprengel, Rolf -- Deisseroth, Karl -- Stadler, Michael B -- Muller, Christian -- Luthi, Andreas -- England -- Nature. 2010 Nov 11;468(7321):277-82. doi: 10.1038/nature09559.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21068837" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Action Potentials ; Amygdala/anatomy & histology/cytology/*physiology ; Animals ; Conditioning, Classical/*physiology ; Fear/*physiology ; Freezing Reaction, Cataleptic ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neural Inhibition/*physiology ; Neural Pathways/cytology/*physiology ; Neuronal Plasticity/physiology ; Neurons/physiology ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    TRIM24 links a non-canonical histone signature to breast cancer (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-12-18
    Beschreibung: Recognition of modified histone species by distinct structural domains within 'reader' proteins plays a critical role in the regulation of gene expression. Readers that simultaneously recognize histones with multiple marks allow transduction of complex chromatin modification patterns into specific biological outcomes. Here we report that chromatin regulator tripartite motif-containing 24 (TRIM24) functions in humans as a reader of dual histone marks by means of tandem plant homeodomain (PHD) and bromodomain (Bromo) regions. The three-dimensional structure of the PHD-Bromo region of TRIM24 revealed a single functional unit for combinatorial recognition of unmodified H3K4 (that is, histone H3 unmodified at lysine 4, H3K4me0) and acetylated H3K23 (histone H3 acetylated at lysine 23, H3K23ac) within the same histone tail. TRIM24 binds chromatin and oestrogen receptor to activate oestrogen-dependent genes associated with cellular proliferation and tumour development. Aberrant expression of TRIM24 negatively correlates with survival of breast cancer patients. The PHD-Bromo of TRIM24 provides a structural rationale for chromatin activation through a non-canonical histone signature, establishing a new route by which chromatin readers may influence cancer pathogenesis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3058826/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3058826/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tsai, Wen-Wei -- Wang, Zhanxin -- Yiu, Teresa T -- Akdemir, Kadir C -- Xia, Weiya -- Winter, Stefan -- Tsai, Cheng-Yu -- Shi, Xiaobing -- Schwarzer, Dirk -- Plunkett, William -- Aronow, Bruce -- Gozani, Or -- Fischle, Wolfgang -- Hung, Mien-Chie -- Patel, Dinshaw J -- Barton, Michelle Craig -- GM079641/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM081627/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM081627/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM081627-010003/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM081627-020003/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P30 EB009998/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- P30DK078392-01/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32 HD07325/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- U54 RR025216/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- UL1 TR000077/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Dec 16;468(7326):927-32. doi: 10.1038/nature09542.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Program in Genes and Development, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21164480" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acetylation ; Breast Neoplasms/*genetics/*metabolism/pathology ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Chromatin/metabolism ; Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Estrogen Receptor alpha/metabolism ; Estrogens/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics ; HEK293 Cells ; Histones/chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Methylation ; Protein Array Analysis ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Substrate Specificity ; Survival Rate
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Reducing excessive GABA-mediated tonic inhibition promotes functional recovery after stroke (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-11-05
    Beschreibung: Stroke is a leading cause of disability, but no pharmacological therapy is currently available for promoting recovery. The brain region adjacent to stroke damage-the peri-infarct zone-is critical for rehabilitation, as it shows heightened neuroplasticity, allowing sensorimotor functions to re-map from damaged areas. Thus, understanding the neuronal properties constraining this plasticity is important for the development of new treatments. Here we show that after a stroke in mice, tonic neuronal inhibition is increased in the peri-infarct zone. This increased tonic inhibition is mediated by extrasynaptic GABA(A) receptors and is caused by an impairment in GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) transporter (GAT-3/GAT-4) function. To counteract the heightened inhibition, we administered in vivo a benzodiazepine inverse agonist specific for alpha5-subunit-containing extrasynaptic GABA(A) receptors at a delay after stroke. This treatment produced an early and sustained recovery of motor function. Genetically lowering the number of alpha5- or delta-subunit-containing GABA(A) receptors responsible for tonic inhibition also proved beneficial for recovery after stroke, consistent with the therapeutic potential of diminishing extrasynaptic GABA(A) receptor function. Together, our results identify new pharmacological targets and provide the rationale for a novel strategy to promote recovery after stroke and possibly other brain injuries.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3058798/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3058798/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clarkson, Andrew N -- Huang, Ben S -- Macisaac, Sarah E -- Mody, Istvan -- Carmichael, S Thomas -- NS30549/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS030549/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS030549-18/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Nov 11;468(7321):305-9. doi: 10.1038/nature09511. Epub 2010 Nov 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 635 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21048709" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Benzodiazepines/pharmacology ; Cerebral Infarction/metabolism/pathology/physiopathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drug Inverse Agonism ; GABA Antagonists/pharmacology ; GABA Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism ; Imidazoles/pharmacology ; Male ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Motor Cortex/metabolism/pathology/*physiology/*physiopathology ; Neuronal Plasticity/physiology ; Receptors, GABA/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Recovery of Function/*physiology ; Stroke/drug therapy/*metabolism/pathology ; Synapses/metabolism ; Time Factors ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Cancer: a lower bar for senescence (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-03-20
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Serrano, Manuel -- England -- Nature. 2010 Mar 18;464(7287):363-4. doi: 10.1038/464363a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20237557" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Apoptosis ; *Cell Aging/drug effects ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2/deficiency/*metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27/metabolism ; Leukemia/metabolism/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Neoplasms/drug therapy/metabolism/*pathology/prevention & control ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism/pathology ; S-Phase Kinase-Associated Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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