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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2010-11-12
    Description: The central amygdala (CEA), a nucleus predominantly composed of GABAergic inhibitory neurons, is essential for fear conditioning. How the acquisition and expression of conditioned fear are encoded within CEA inhibitory circuits is not understood. Using in vivo electrophysiological, optogenetic and pharmacological approaches in mice, we show that neuronal activity in the lateral subdivision of the central amygdala (CEl) is required for fear acquisition, whereas conditioned fear responses are driven by output neurons in the medial subdivision (CEm). Functional circuit analysis revealed that inhibitory CEA microcircuits are highly organized and that cell-type-specific plasticity of phasic and tonic activity in the CEl to CEm pathway may gate fear expression and regulate fear generalization. Our results define the functional architecture of CEA microcircuits and their role in the acquisition and regulation of conditioned fear behaviour.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ciocchi, Stephane -- Herry, Cyril -- Grenier, Francois -- Wolff, Steffen B E -- Letzkus, Johannes J -- Vlachos, Ioannis -- Ehrlich, Ingrid -- Sprengel, Rolf -- Deisseroth, Karl -- Stadler, Michael B -- Muller, Christian -- Luthi, Andreas -- England -- Nature. 2010 Nov 11;468(7321):277-82. doi: 10.1038/nature09559.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21068837" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Amygdala/anatomy & histology/cytology/*physiology ; Animals ; Conditioning, Classical/*physiology ; Fear/*physiology ; Freezing Reaction, Cataleptic ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neural Inhibition/*physiology ; Neural Pathways/cytology/*physiology ; Neuronal Plasticity/physiology ; Neurons/physiology ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2008-07-11
    Description: Switching between exploratory and defensive behaviour is fundamental to survival of many animals, but how this transition is achieved by specific neuronal circuits is not known. Here, using the converse behavioural states of fear extinction and its context-dependent renewal as a model in mice, we show that bi-directional transitions between states of high and low fear are triggered by a rapid switch in the balance of activity between two distinct populations of basal amygdala neurons. These two populations are integrated into discrete neuronal circuits differentially connected with the hippocampus and the medial prefrontal cortex. Targeted and reversible neuronal inactivation of the basal amygdala prevents behavioural changes without affecting memory or expression of behaviour. Our findings indicate that switching between distinct behavioural states can be triggered by selective activation of specific neuronal circuits integrating sensory and contextual information. These observations provide a new framework for understanding context-dependent changes of fear behaviour.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Herry, Cyril -- Ciocchi, Stephane -- Senn, Verena -- Demmou, Lynda -- Muller, Christian -- Luthi, Andreas -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jul 31;454(7204):600-6. doi: 10.1038/nature07166. Epub 2008 Jul 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland. cyril.herry@fmi.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18615015" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amygdala/cytology/physiology ; Animals ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Extinction, Psychological ; Fear/*physiology ; Freezing Reaction, Cataleptic/drug effects/physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Models, Animal ; Muscimol/pharmacology ; Neural Pathways ; Neurons/classification/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2010-11-12
    Description: The role of different amygdala nuclei (neuroanatomical subdivisions) in processing Pavlovian conditioned fear has been studied extensively, but the function of the heterogeneous neuronal subtypes within these nuclei remains poorly understood. Here we use molecular genetic approaches to map the functional connectivity of a subpopulation of GABA-containing neurons, located in the lateral subdivision of the central amygdala (CEl), which express protein kinase C-delta (PKC-delta). Channelrhodopsin-2-assisted circuit mapping in amygdala slices and cell-specific viral tracing indicate that PKC-delta(+) neurons inhibit output neurons in the medial central amygdala (CEm), and also make reciprocal inhibitory synapses with PKC-delta(-) neurons in CEl. Electrical silencing of PKC-delta(+) neurons in vivo suggests that they correspond to physiologically identified units that are inhibited by the conditioned stimulus, called CEl(off) units. This correspondence, together with behavioural data, defines an inhibitory microcircuit in CEl that gates CEm output to control the level of conditioned freezing.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3597095/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3597095/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haubensak, Wulf -- Kunwar, Prabhat S -- Cai, Haijiang -- Ciocchi, Stephane -- Wall, Nicholas R -- Ponnusamy, Ravikumar -- Biag, Jonathan -- Dong, Hong-Wei -- Deisseroth, Karl -- Callaway, Edward M -- Fanselow, Michael S -- Luthi, Andreas -- Anderson, David J -- 1 R01 MH085082-01A1/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH063912/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH063912-09/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH063912-09S1/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH063912-10/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH085082/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH085082-01A1/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- RC2 NS069464/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- RC2 NS069464-01/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- RC2 NS069464-02/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Nov 11;468(7321):270-6. doi: 10.1038/nature09553.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology 216-76, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21068836" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amygdala/anatomy & histology/cytology/enzymology/*physiology ; Animals ; Axonal Transport ; Cells, Cultured ; Conditioning, Classical/*physiology ; Fear/*physiology ; Female ; Freezing Reaction, Cataleptic ; Genetic Techniques ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neural Inhibition/*physiology ; Neural Pathways/cytology/enzymology/*physiology ; Neurons/enzymology/metabolism ; Protein Kinase C-delta/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Synapses/metabolism ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2009-09-05
    Description: In adult animals, fear conditioning induces a permanent memory that is resilient to erasure by extinction. In contrast, during early postnatal development, extinction of conditioned fear leads to memory erasure, suggesting that fear memories are actively protected in adults. We show here that this protection is conferred by extracellular matrix chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) in the amygdala. The organization of CSPGs into perineuronal nets (PNNs) coincided with the developmental switch in fear memory resilience. In adults, degradation of PNNs by chondroitinase ABC specifically rendered subsequently acquired fear memories susceptible to erasure. This result indicates that intact PNNs mediate the formation of erasure-resistant fear memories and identifies a molecular mechanism closing a postnatal critical period during which traumatic memories can be erased by extinction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gogolla, Nadine -- Caroni, Pico -- Luthi, Andreas -- Herry, Cyril -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 4;325(5945):1258-61. doi: 10.1126/science.1174146.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19729657" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amygdala/cytology/growth & development/*physiology ; Animals ; Chondroitin ABC Lyase/metabolism ; Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans/metabolism/*physiology ; Conditioning, Classical ; Cues ; *Extinction, Psychological ; Extracellular Matrix/physiology ; *Fear ; Learning ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neuronal Plasticity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2011-12-14
    Description: Learning causes a change in how information is processed by neuronal circuits. Whereas synaptic plasticity, an important cellular mechanism, has been studied in great detail, we know much less about how learning is implemented at the level of neuronal circuits and, in particular, how interactions between distinct types of neurons within local networks contribute to the process of learning. Here we show that acquisition of associative fear memories depends on the recruitment of a disinhibitory microcircuit in the mouse auditory cortex. Fear-conditioning-associated disinhibition in auditory cortex is driven by foot-shock-mediated cholinergic activation of layer 1 interneurons, in turn generating inhibition of layer 2/3 parvalbumin-positive interneurons. Importantly, pharmacological or optogenetic block of pyramidal neuron disinhibition abolishes fear learning. Together, these data demonstrate that stimulus convergence in the auditory cortex is necessary for associative fear learning to complex tones, define the circuit elements mediating this convergence and suggest that layer-1-mediated disinhibition is an important mechanism underlying learning and information processing in neocortical circuits.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Letzkus, Johannes J -- Wolff, Steffen B E -- Meyer, Elisabeth M M -- Tovote, Philip -- Courtin, Julien -- Herry, Cyril -- Luthi, Andreas -- England -- Nature. 2011 Dec 7;480(7377):331-5. doi: 10.1038/nature10674.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland. johannes.letzkus@fmi.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22158104" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Auditory Cortex/cytology/drug effects/*physiology ; Conditioning, Classical/drug effects/*physiology ; Electroshock ; Extremities/innervation/physiology ; Fear/drug effects/*physiology/*psychology ; Interneurons/cytology/drug effects/physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Models, Neurological ; Nerve Net/cytology/drug effects/physiology ; Neural Inhibition/drug effects/physiology ; Neural Pathways/cytology/drug effects/*physiology ; Nicotinic Antagonists/pharmacology ; Pyramidal Cells/drug effects/physiology ; Receptors, Nicotinic/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2014-05-13
    Description: Learning is mediated by experience-dependent plasticity in neuronal circuits. Activity in neuronal circuits is tightly regulated by different subtypes of inhibitory interneurons, yet their role in learning is poorly understood. Using a combination of in vivo single-unit recordings and optogenetic manipulations, we show that in the mouse basolateral amygdala, interneurons expressing parvalbumin (PV) and somatostatin (SOM) bidirectionally control the acquisition of fear conditioning--a simple form of associative learning--through two distinct disinhibitory mechanisms. During an auditory cue, PV(+) interneurons are excited and indirectly disinhibit the dendrites of basolateral amygdala principal neurons via SOM(+) interneurons, thereby enhancing auditory responses and promoting cue-shock associations. During an aversive footshock, however, both PV(+) and SOM(+) interneurons are inhibited, which boosts postsynaptic footshock responses and gates learning. These results demonstrate that associative learning is dynamically regulated by the stimulus-specific activation of distinct disinhibitory microcircuits through precise interactions between different subtypes of local interneurons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wolff, Steffen B E -- Grundemann, Jan -- Tovote, Philip -- Krabbe, Sabine -- Jacobson, Gilad A -- Muller, Christian -- Herry, Cyril -- Ehrlich, Ingrid -- Friedrich, Rainer W -- Letzkus, Johannes J -- Luthi, Andreas -- England -- Nature. 2014 May 22;509(7501):453-8. doi: 10.1038/nature13258. Epub 2014 May 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland [2] University of Basel, 4000 Basel, Switzerland [3]. ; 1] Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland [2]. ; Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland. ; INSERM U862, Neurocentre Magendie, 146 rue Leo Saignat, 33077 Bordeaux, France. ; Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, 72076 Tubingen, Germany. ; 1] Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland [2] Max-Planck Institute for Brain Research, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [3].〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24814341" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amygdala/*cytology/*physiology ; Animals ; Conditioning, Classical ; Electroshock ; Fear/*physiology ; Hindlimb ; *Inhibition (Psychology) ; Interneurons/*metabolism ; Learning/*physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Optogenetics ; Parvalbumins/metabolism ; Somatostatin/metabolism ; Synapses/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2016-02-06
    Description: SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 3 (SHANK3) haploinsufficiency is causative for the neurological features of Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMDS), including a high risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We used unbiased, quantitative proteomics to identify changes in the phosphoproteome of Shank3-deficient neurons. Down-regulation of protein kinase B (PKB/Akt)-mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling resulted from enhanced phosphorylation and activation of serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) regulatory subunit, B56beta, due to increased steady-state levels of its kinase, Cdc2-like kinase 2 (CLK2). Pharmacological and genetic activation of Akt or inhibition of CLK2 relieved synaptic deficits in Shank3-deficient and PMDS patient-derived neurons. CLK2 inhibition also restored normal sociability in a Shank3-deficient mouse model. Our study thereby provides a novel mechanistic and potentially therapeutic understanding of deregulated signaling downstream of Shank3 deficiency.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bidinosti, Michael -- Botta, Paolo -- Kruttner, Sebastian -- Proenca, Catia C -- Stoehr, Natacha -- Bernhard, Mario -- Fruh, Isabelle -- Mueller, Matthias -- Bonenfant, Debora -- Voshol, Hans -- Carbone, Walter -- Neal, Sarah J -- McTighe, Stephanie M -- Roma, Guglielmo -- Dolmetsch, Ricardo E -- Porter, Jeffrey A -- Caroni, Pico -- Bouwmeester, Tewis -- Luthi, Andreas -- Galimberti, Ivan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 11;351(6278):1199-203. doi: 10.1126/science.aad5487. Epub 2016 Feb 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Developmental Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland. ; Friedrich Miescher Institute, Basel, Switzerland. ; Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland. ; Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, USA. ; Developmental Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland. ivan.galimberti@novartis.com.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26847545" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/*drug therapy/enzymology/genetics ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosome Disorders/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22/genetics ; Disease Models, Animal ; Down-Regulation ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multiprotein Complexes/metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics ; Neurons/enzymology ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Phosphatase 2/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Proteomics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2013-01-23
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2003-04-17
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1999-09-28
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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