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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2010-03-23
    Description: Mesenchymal cells contribute to the 'stroma' of most normal and malignant tissues, with specific mesenchymal cells participating in the regulatory niches of stem cells. By examining how mesenchymal osteolineage cells modulate haematopoiesis, here we show that deletion of Dicer1 specifically in mouse osteoprogenitors, but not in mature osteoblasts, disrupts the integrity of haematopoiesis. Myelodysplasia resulted and acute myelogenous leukaemia emerged that had acquired several genetic abnormalities while having intact Dicer1. Examining gene expression altered in osteoprogenitors as a result of Dicer1 deletion showed reduced expression of Sbds, the gene mutated in Schwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome-a human bone marrow failure and leukaemia pre-disposition condition. Deletion of Sbds in mouse osteoprogenitors induced bone marrow dysfunction with myelodysplasia. Therefore, perturbation of specific mesenchymal subsets of stromal cells can disorder differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis of heterologous cells, and disrupt tissue homeostasis. Furthermore, primary stromal dysfunction can result in secondary neoplastic disease, supporting the concept of niche-induced oncogenesis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3422863/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3422863/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Raaijmakers, Marc H G P -- Mukherjee, Siddhartha -- Guo, Shangqin -- Zhang, Siyi -- Kobayashi, Tatsuya -- Schoonmaker, Jesse A -- Ebert, Benjamin L -- Al-Shahrour, Fatima -- Hasserjian, Robert P -- Scadden, Edward O -- Aung, Zinmar -- Matza, Marc -- Merkenschlager, Matthias -- Lin, Charles -- Rommens, Johanna M -- Scadden, David T -- MC_U120027516/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- R01 DK050234/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL044851/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL097794/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL100402/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HL081030/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Apr 8;464(7290):852-7. doi: 10.1038/nature08851. Epub 2010 Mar 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School CPZN, USA. hraaijmakers@partners.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20305640" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone Marrow/metabolism/pathology ; Bone and Bones/metabolism/*pathology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; Female ; Gene Deletion ; Hematopoiesis/genetics ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics/metabolism/*pathology ; Male ; Mesoderm/cytology ; Mice ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes/genetics/metabolism/*pathology ; Osteoblasts/metabolism/pathology ; Phenotype ; Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Ribonuclease III/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Sarcoma, Myeloid/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Stem Cell Niche/metabolism/pathology ; Stem Cells/metabolism/*pathology ; Stromal Cells/metabolism/pathology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2009-05-22
    Description: Cohesin-mediated sister chromatid cohesion is essential for chromosome segregation and post-replicative DNA repair. In addition, evidence from model organisms and from human genetics suggests that cohesin is involved in the control of gene expression. This non-canonical role has recently been rationalized by the findings that mammalian cohesin complexes are recruited to a subset of DNase I hypersensitive sites and to conserved noncoding sequences by the DNA-binding protein CTCF. CTCF functions at insulators (which control interactions between enhancers and promoters) and at boundary elements (which demarcate regions of distinct chromatin structure), and cohesin contributes to its enhancer-blocking activity. The underlying mechanisms remain unknown, and the full spectrum of cohesin functions remains to be determined. Here we show that cohesin forms the topological and mechanistic basis for cell-type-specific long-range chromosomal interactions in cis at the developmentally regulated cytokine locus IFNG. Hence, the ability of cohesin to constrain chromosome topology is used not only for the purpose of sister chromatid cohesion, but also to dynamically define the spatial conformation of specific loci. This new aspect of cohesin function is probably important for normal development and disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2869028/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2869028/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hadjur, Suzana -- Williams, Luke M -- Ryan, Natalie K -- Cobb, Bradley S -- Sexton, Tom -- Fraser, Peter -- Fisher, Amanda G -- Merkenschlager, Matthias -- G0900491/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G117/530/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U120027516/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- U.1200(U.1200)/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 16;460(7253):410-3. doi: 10.1038/nature08079. Epub 2009 May 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lymphocyte Development Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19458616" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/*metabolism ; Chromosomes/*genetics/*metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Histones/metabolism ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma/*genetics ; Mice ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Organ Specificity ; Phosphoproteins/genetics/metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2009-02-27
    Description: The DNA-binding protein REST (also called NRSF) is a transcriptional repressor that targets many neuronal genes and is abundant in human and mouse pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs). In a recent Letter to Nature, Singh et al. suggested that REST controls the self-renewal and pluripotency of ESCs, because they found that ESCs in which a single REST allele was disrupted (Fig. 1a, beta-geo-stop insertion) had reduced alkaline phosphatase activity and expressed lower levels of several pluripotency-associated genes. Here we show that partial or complete loss of functional REST protein does not abrogate ESC potential as reflected by marker gene expression. These data are consistent with earlier reports, and argue that REST is not required for maintaining ESC pluripotency.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jorgensen, Helle F -- Chen, Zhou-Feng -- Merkenschlager, Matthias -- Fisher, Amanda G -- MC_U120027516/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2009 Feb 26;457(7233):E4-5; discussion E7. doi: 10.1038/nature07783.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lymphocyte Development Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK. helle.jorgensen@imperial.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19242417" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alkaline Phosphatase/metabolism ; Animals ; Embryonic Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Humans ; Mice ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Repressor Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Reproducibility of Results ; Tretinoin/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-08-13
    Description: Cohesin enables post-replicative DNA repair and chromosome segregation by holding sister chromatids together from the time of DNA replication in S phase until mitosis. There is growing evidence that cohesin also forms long-range chromosomal cis-interactions and may regulate gene expression in association with CTCF, mediator or tissue-specific transcription factors. Human cohesinopathies such as Cornelia de Lange syndrome are thought to result from impaired non-canonical cohesin functions, but a clear distinction between the cell-division-related and cell-division-independent functions of cohesion--as exemplified in Drosophila--has not been demonstrated in vertebrate systems. To address this, here we deleted the cohesin locus Rad21 in mouse thymocytes at a time in development when these cells stop cycling and rearrange their T-cell receptor (TCR) alpha locus (Tcra). Rad21-deficient thymocytes had a normal lifespan and retained the ability to differentiate, albeit with reduced efficiency. Loss of Rad21 led to defective chromatin architecture at the Tcra locus, where cohesion-binding sites flank the TEA promoter and the Ealpha enhancer, and demarcate Tcra from interspersed Tcrd elements and neighbouring housekeeping genes. Cohesin was required for long-range promoter-enhancer interactions, Tcra transcription, H3K4me3 histone modifications that recruit the recombination machinery and Tcra rearrangement. Provision of pre-rearranged TCR transgenes largely rescued thymocyte differentiation, demonstrating that among thousands of potential target genes across the genome, defective Tcra rearrangement was limiting for the differentiation of cohesin-deficient thymocytes. These findings firmly establish a cell-division-independent role for cohesin in Tcra locus rearrangement and provide a comprehensive account of the mechanisms by which cohesin enables cellular differentiation in a well-characterized mammalian system.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3179485/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3179485/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seitan, Vlad C -- Hao, Bingtao -- Tachibana-Konwalski, Kikue -- Lavagnolli, Thais -- Mira-Bontenbal, Hegias -- Brown, Karen E -- Teng, Grace -- Carroll, Tom -- Terry, Anna -- Horan, Katie -- Marks, Hendrik -- Adams, David J -- Schatz, David G -- Aragon, Luis -- Fisher, Amanda G -- Krangel, Michael S -- Nasmyth, Kim -- Merkenschlager, Matthias -- 13031/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- MC_U120027516/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U120081295/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- R37 AI032524/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI032524-20/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM041052/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM041052-22/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2011 Aug 10;476(7361):467-71. doi: 10.1038/nature10312.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lymphocyte Development Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21832993" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; *Cell Differentiation ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte/genetics ; Genes, RAG-1/genetics ; Mice ; Nuclear Proteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Phosphoproteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/*genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinases/metabolism ; Thymus Gland/*cytology/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 53 (1966), S. 408-409 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 54 (1967), S. 97-98 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 52 (1965), S. 454-454 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 29 (1990), S. 169-177 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Biopterin ; Ratte ; Glukose ; Cellulose ; Fasten ; biopterin ; rats ; glucose ; cellulose ; fasting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ernährungsbedingte Einflüsse auf die Gesamtbiopterinwerte im Urin von Ratte und Schwein wurden untersucht. Während der ersten Nächte in Stoffwechselkäfigen bei gleichzeitigem Futterentzug zeigte sich ein signifikanter Anstieg der Biopterinausscheidung im Urin der Ratte. Dieser konnte entweder durch Fütterung, vorhergehende Gewöhnung an den Futterentzug oder durch orale Glukosegaben gesenkt werden. Bei Futterentzug unter normalen Haltungsbedingungen konnte dieser Anstieg nicht gefunden werden. Der tageszeitliche Rhythmus der Biopterinausscheidung wurde sowohl vom Futterentzug als auch von der Cellulosefütterung beeinflußt. Veränderte Wasseraufnahme und -ausscheidung hatten keine Auswirkung auf die Biopterinausscheidung bezogen auf die Kreatininwerte. Die auffallenden Veränderungen sind eher mit streßbedingten hormonellen Funktionen und Regulationen als mit ernährungsbedingten Faktoren in Zusammenhang zu bringen. Weitere Untersuchungen zu diesen Problemen sind in Bearbeitung.
    Notes: Summary Nutritional influences on urinary total biopterin levels in rats and pigs were investigated. During the first nights in metabolic cages with food deprivation a significant increase in biopterin values was found in rats. This could be diminished either by feeding, adaptation to food deprivation or by oral glucose application. With food deprivation under normal housing conditions, this increase could not be found. Rats that were fed a cellulose preparation without metabolizable energy had no increase in biopterin excretion. The circadian rhythm of biopterin excretion was influenced by food deprivation as well as by cellulose. Alterations in water intake and urinary output had no effect on biopterin levels related to creatinine. Remarkable changes in biopterin excretion are more likely due to hormonal functions and regulations related to stress than to nutritional factors. More investigations into these problems are being performed.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of forest research 84 (1965), S. 148-156 
    ISSN: 1612-4677
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
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