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  • 1
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    Solar signal propagation: The role of gravity waves and stratospheric sudden warmings (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-01-27
    Description: We use a troposphere-stratosphere model of intermediate complexity to study the atmospheric response to an idealized solar forcing in the subtropical upper stratosphere during Northern Hemisphere (NH) early winter. We investigate two conditions that could influence poleward and downward propagation of the response: (1) the representation of gravity wave effects and (2) the presence/absence of stratospheric sudden warmings (SSWs). We also investigate how the perturbation influences the timing and frequency of SSWs. Differences in the poleward and downward propagation of the response within the stratosphere are found depending on whether Rayleigh friction (RF) or a gravity wave scheme (GWS) is used to represent gravity wave effects. These differences are likely related to differences in planetary wave activity in the GWS and RF versions, as planetary wave redistribution plays an important role in the downward and poleward propagation of stratospheric signals. There is also remarkable sensitivity in the tropospheric response to the representation of the gravity wave effects. It is most realistic for GWS. Further, tropospheric responses are systematically different dependent on the absence/presence of SSWs. When only years with SSWs are examined, the tropospheric signal appears to have descended from the stratosphere, while the signal in the troposphere appears disconnected from the stratosphere when years with SSWs are excluded. Different troposphere-stratosphere coupling mechanisms therefore appear to be dominant for years with and without SSWs. The forcing does not affect the timing of SSWs, but does result in a higher occurrence frequency throughout NH winter. Quasi-Biennial Oscillation effects were not included.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 2
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    Genome, epigenome and RNA sequences of monozygotic twins discordant for multiple sclerosis (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-04-30
    Description: Monozygotic or 'identical' twins have been widely studied to dissect the relative contributions of genetics and environment in human diseases. In multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune demyelinating disease and common cause of neurodegeneration and disability in young adults, disease discordance in monozygotic twins has been interpreted to indicate environmental importance in its pathogenesis. However, genetic and epigenetic differences between monozygotic twins have been described, challenging the accepted experimental model in disambiguating the effects of nature and nurture. Here we report the genome sequences of one MS-discordant monozygotic twin pair, and messenger RNA transcriptome and epigenome sequences of CD4(+) lymphocytes from three MS-discordant, monozygotic twin pairs. No reproducible differences were detected between co-twins among approximately 3.6 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or approximately 0.2 million insertion-deletion polymorphisms. Nor were any reproducible differences observed between siblings of the three twin pairs in HLA haplotypes, confirmed MS-susceptibility SNPs, copy number variations, mRNA and genomic SNP and insertion-deletion genotypes, or the expression of approximately 19,000 genes in CD4(+) T cells. Only 2 to 176 differences in the methylation of approximately 2 million CpG dinucleotides were detected between siblings of the three twin pairs, in contrast to approximately 800 methylation differences between T cells of unrelated individuals and several thousand differences between tissues or between normal and cancerous tissues. In the first systematic effort to estimate sequence variation among monozygotic co-twins, we did not find evidence for genetic, epigenetic or transcriptome differences that explained disease discordance. These are the first, to our knowledge, female, twin and autoimmune disease individual genome sequences reported.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2862593/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2862593/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baranzini, Sergio E -- Mudge, Joann -- van Velkinburgh, Jennifer C -- Khankhanian, Pouya -- Khrebtukova, Irina -- Miller, Neil A -- Zhang, Lu -- Farmer, Andrew D -- Bell, Callum J -- Kim, Ryan W -- May, Gregory D -- Woodward, Jimmy E -- Caillier, Stacy J -- McElroy, Joseph P -- Gomez, Refujia -- Pando, Marcelo J -- Clendenen, Leonda E -- Ganusova, Elena E -- Schilkey, Faye D -- Ramaraj, Thiruvarangan -- Khan, Omar A -- Huntley, Jim J -- Luo, Shujun -- Kwok, Pui-Yan -- Wu, Thomas D -- Schroth, Gary P -- Oksenberg, Jorge R -- Hauser, Stephen L -- Kingsmore, Stephen F -- P20 RR016480/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P20 RR016480-09/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS026799/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS026799-20A1/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS046297/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS046297-06/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01NS26799/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01NS46297/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- RR016480/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI066569/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI066569-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 HD077693/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Apr 29;464(7293):1351-6. doi: 10.1038/nature08990.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA. sebaran@cgl.ucsf.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20428171" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Allelic Imbalance/genetics ; Breast/metabolism ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; CpG Islands/genetics ; DNA Copy Number Variations/genetics ; DNA Methylation/genetics ; Epigenesis, Genetic/*genetics ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Haplotypes/genetics ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; INDEL Mutation/genetics ; Lung/metabolism ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics ; Male ; Multiple Sclerosis/*genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics ; Quantitative Trait Loci/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/*genetics/metabolism ; Twins, Monozygotic/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    A highly annotated whole-genome sequence of a Korean individual (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-10
    Description: Recent advances in sequencing technologies have initiated an era of personal genome sequences. To date, human genome sequences have been reported for individuals with ancestry in three distinct geographical regions: a Yoruba African, two individuals of northwest European origin, and a person from China. Here we provide a highly annotated, whole-genome sequence for a Korean individual, known as AK1. The genome of AK1 was determined by an exacting, combined approach that included whole-genome shotgun sequencing (27.8x coverage), targeted bacterial artificial chromosome sequencing, and high-resolution comparative genomic hybridization using custom microarrays featuring more than 24 million probes. Alignment to the NCBI reference, a composite of several ethnic clades, disclosed nearly 3.45 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including 10,162 non-synonymous SNPs, and 170,202 deletion or insertion polymorphisms (indels). SNP and indel densities were strongly correlated genome-wide. Applying very conservative criteria yielded highly reliable copy number variants for clinical considerations. Potential medical phenotypes were annotated for non-synonymous SNPs, coding domain indels, and structural variants. The integration of several human whole-genome sequences derived from several ethnic groups will assist in understanding genetic ancestry, migration patterns and population bottlenecks.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2860965/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2860965/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kim, Jong-Il -- Ju, Young Seok -- Park, Hansoo -- Kim, Sheehyun -- Lee, Seonwook -- Yi, Jae-Hyuk -- Mudge, Joann -- Miller, Neil A -- Hong, Dongwan -- Bell, Callum J -- Kim, Hye-Sun -- Chung, In-Soon -- Lee, Woo-Chung -- Lee, Ji-Sun -- Seo, Seung-Hyun -- Yun, Ji-Young -- Woo, Hyun Nyun -- Lee, Heewook -- Suh, Dongwhan -- Lee, Seungbok -- Kim, Hyun-Jin -- Yavartanoo, Maryam -- Kwak, Minhye -- Zheng, Ying -- Lee, Mi Kyeong -- Park, Hyunjun -- Kim, Jeong Yeon -- Gokcumen, Omer -- Mills, Ryan E -- Zaranek, Alexander Wait -- Thakuria, Joseph -- Wu, Xiaodi -- Kim, Ryan W -- Huntley, Jim J -- Luo, Shujun -- Schroth, Gary P -- Wu, Thomas D -- Kim, HyeRan -- Yang, Kap-Seok -- Park, Woong-Yang -- Kim, Hyungtae -- Church, George M -- Lee, Charles -- Kingsmore, Stephen F -- Seo, Jeong-Sun -- HG004221/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P20 RR016480/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P20 RR016480-08/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- RR016480/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI066569/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI066569-04/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 HD077693/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Aug 20;460(7258):1011-5. doi: 10.1038/nature08211. Epub 2009 Jul 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Korea.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19587683" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Asian Continental Ancestry Group/*genetics ; Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial/genetics ; Comparative Genomic Hybridization ; Computational Biology ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Humans ; INDEL Mutation/genetics ; Korea ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of Radio-Frequency Brightness across the Solar Disk and the Derivation of a Model Corona (1954)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 173 (1954), S. 219-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The experiment showed that the contours of constant radio brightness were roughly elliptical in form and varied slightly from day to day. As a first approximation for the purposes of theoretical interpretation, they were replaced by constant circles. The average radial distributions which were used ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/173219a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light measurement and the terminology of low (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 4 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. This paper (i) considers the measurement of light in terms of the flow of radiant energy or of particles in a vector field; (ii) derives terminology and units for the specification of light as a flow of radiant energy or of photons which satisfy both the requirements of SI and are physically consistent and (iii) recommends that this terminology is adopted by all plant scientists to avoid ambiguity, confusion and the proliferation of synonyms when reporting light measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1981.tb01043.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Implicit information retrieval
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Information Storage and Retrieval 4 (1968), S. 139-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-0271
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Computer Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0020-0271(68)90017-X
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonisothermal velocity profiles (1963)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 9 (1963), S. 141-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690090131
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  • 8
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    Exceptional record of mid-Pleistocene vertebrates helps differentiate climatic from anthropogenic ecosystem perturbations (2004)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-06-14
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 9
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    Using Linkage Maps as a Tool To Determine Patterns of Chromosome Synteny in the Genus Salvelinus (2017)
    Genetics Society of America (GSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-11-07
    Description: Next generation sequencing techniques have revolutionized the collection of genome and transcriptome data from nonmodel organisms. This manuscript details the application of restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) to generate a marker-dense genetic map for Brook Trout ( Salvelinus fontinalis ). The consensus map was constructed from three full-sib families totaling 176 F 1 individuals. The map consisted of 42 linkage groups with a total female map size of 2502.5 cM, and a total male map size of 1863.8 cM. Synteny was confirmed with Atlantic Salmon for 38 linkage groups, with Rainbow Trout for 37 linkage groups, Arctic Char for 36 linkage groups, and with a previously published Brook Trout linkage map for 39 linkage groups. Comparative mapping confirmed the presence of 8 metacentric and 34 acrocentric chromosomes in Brook Trout. Six metacentric chromosomes seem to be conserved with Arctic Char suggesting there have been at least two species-specific fusion and fission events within the genus Salvelinus . In addition, the sex marker ( sdY ; sexually dimorphic on the Y chromosome) was mapped to Brook Trout BC35, which is homologous with Atlantic Salmon Ssa09qa, Rainbow Trout Omy25, and Arctic Char AC04q. Ultimately, this linkage map will be a useful resource for studies on the genome organization of Salvelinus , and facilitates comparisons of the Salvelinus genome with Salmo and Oncorhynchus .
    Electronic ISSN: 2160-1836
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Genetics Society of America (GSA)
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  • 10
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    A lithium depletion boundary age of 22 Myr for NGC 1960 (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-22
    Description: We present a deep Cousins RI photometric survey of the open cluster NGC 1960, complete to R C  ~= 22, I C  ~= 21, that is used to select a sample of very low mass cluster candidates. Gemini spectroscopy of a subset of these is used to confirm membership and locate the age-dependent ‘lithium depletion boundary’ (LDB) – the luminosity at which lithium remains unburned in its low-mass stars. The LDB implies a cluster age of 22 ± 4 Myr and is quite insensitive to choice of evolutionary model. NGC 1960 is the youngest cluster for which a LDB age has been estimated and possesses a well-populated upper main sequence and a rich low-mass pre-main sequence. The LDB age determined here agrees well with precise age estimates made for the same cluster based on isochrone fits to its high- and low-mass populations. The concordance between these three age estimation techniques, that rely on different facets of stellar astrophysics at very different masses, is an important step towards calibrating the absolute ages of young open clusters and lends confidence to ages determined using any one of them.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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