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  • Rabbits
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (297)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Oxford University Press
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  • 1980-1984  (212)
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  • 1
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-03-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clutton-Brock, Tim -- Sheldon, Ben C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Mar 5;327(5970):1207-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1187796.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. thcb@cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20203037" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Interdisciplinary Communication ; Male ; *Mammals/physiology ; Pan troglodytes/physiology ; *Primates/physiology ; Reproduction ; *Research ; Research Support as Topic ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2010-12-04
    Description: Optical imaging in vivo with molecular specificity is important in biomedicine because of its high spatial resolution and sensitivity compared with magnetic resonance imaging. Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy allows highly sensitive optical imaging based on vibrational spectroscopy without adding toxic or perturbative labels. However, SRS imaging in living animals and humans has not been feasible because light cannot be collected through thick tissues, and motion-blur arises from slow imaging based on backscattered light. In this work, we enable in vivo SRS imaging by substantially enhancing the collection of the backscattered signal and increasing the imaging speed by three orders of magnitude to video rate. This approach allows label-free in vivo imaging of water, lipid, and protein in skin and mapping of penetration pathways of topically applied drugs in mice and humans.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3462359/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3462359/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saar, Brian G -- Freudiger, Christian W -- Reichman, Jay -- Stanley, C Michael -- Holtom, Gary R -- Xie, X Sunney -- 1R01EB010244-01/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- R01 EB010244/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- R01 EB010244-02/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 3;330(6009):1368-70. doi: 10.1126/science.1197236.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21127249" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administration, Cutaneous ; Animals ; Capillaries ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide/administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics ; Epidermis/chemistry/metabolism ; Erythrocytes/physiology ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Light ; Lipids ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Molecular Imaging/*methods ; Skin/blood supply/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman/*methods ; Time Factors ; Vitamin A/administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics ; Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-06-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marder, Jenny -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 18;328(5985):1474-5. doi: 10.1126/science.328.5985.1474.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20558684" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Alcohol Oxidoreductases/genetics/metabolism ; Antineoplastic Agents/*adverse effects/metabolism ; Child ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Neoplasms/*drug therapy/*radiotherapy ; Neoplasms, Second Primary/etiology ; Radiation Injuries/*etiology ; Radiotherapy/adverse effects ; Survivors ; Time Factors ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2010-08-07
    Description: Using optical trapping and fluorescence imaging techniques, we measured the step size and stiffness of single skeletal myosins interacting with actin filaments and arranged on myosin-rod cofilaments that approximate myosin mechanics during muscle contraction. Stiffness is dramatically lower for negatively compared to positively strained myosins, consistent with buckling of myosin's subfragment 2 rod domain. Low stiffness minimizes drag of negatively strained myosins during contraction at loaded conditions. Myosin's elastic portion is stretched during active force generation, reducing apparent step size with increasing load, even though the working stroke is approximately constant at about 8 nanometers. Taking account of the nonlinear nature of myosin elasticity is essential to relate myosin's internal structural changes to physiological force generation and filament sliding.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaya, Motoshi -- Higuchi, Hideo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Aug 6;329(5992):686-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1191484.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyou-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20689017" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin Cytoskeleton/*physiology ; Actomyosin/chemistry/physiology ; Adenosine Diphosphate/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Compliance ; Elasticity ; Models, Biological ; *Muscle Contraction ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/chemistry/physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Myosin Subfragments/physiology ; Myosins/chemistry/*physiology ; Quantum Dots ; Rabbits
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2010-02-13
    Description: Soil acidification is a major problem in soils of intensive Chinese agricultural systems. We used two nationwide surveys, paired comparisons in numerous individual sites, and several long-term monitoring-field data sets to evaluate changes in soil acidity. Soil pH declined significantly (P 〈 0.001) from the 1980s to the 2000s in the major Chinese crop-production areas. Processes related to nitrogen cycling released 20 to 221 kilomoles of hydrogen ion (H+) per hectare per year, and base cations uptake contributed a further 15 to 20 kilomoles of H+ per hectare per year to soil acidification in four widespread cropping systems. In comparison, acid deposition (0.4 to 2.0 kilomoles of H+ per hectare per year) made a small contribution to the acidification of agricultural soils across China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guo, J H -- Liu, X J -- Zhang, Y -- Shen, J L -- Han, W X -- Zhang, W F -- Christie, P -- Goulding, K W T -- Vitousek, P M -- Zhang, F S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Feb 19;327(5968):1008-10. doi: 10.1126/science.1182570. Epub 2010 Feb 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20150447" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture ; Cations ; China ; Crops, Agricultural/*growth & development/metabolism ; Fertilizers ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Nitrogen ; *Soil ; Time Factors
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2010-01-23
    Description: Current methods for differentiating isolates of predominant lineages of pathogenic bacteria often do not provide sufficient resolution to define precise relationships. Here, we describe a high-throughput genomics approach that provides a high-resolution view of the epidemiology and microevolution of a dominant strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). This approach reveals the global geographic structure within the lineage, its intercontinental transmission through four decades, and the potential to trace person-to-person transmission within a hospital environment. The ability to interrogate and resolve bacterial populations is applicable to a range of infectious diseases, as well as microbial ecology.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2821690/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2821690/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harris, Simon R -- Feil, Edward J -- Holden, Matthew T G -- Quail, Michael A -- Nickerson, Emma K -- Chantratita, Narisara -- Gardete, Susana -- Tavares, Ana -- Day, Nick -- Lindsay, Jodi A -- Edgeworth, Jonathan D -- de Lencastre, Herminia -- Parkhill, Julian -- Peacock, Sharon J -- Bentley, Stephen D -- 076964/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- Department of Health/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 22;327(5964):469-74. doi: 10.1126/science.1182395.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 15A, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20093474" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Asia/epidemiology ; Bacterial Typing Techniques ; Cross Infection/epidemiology/*microbiology/transmission ; Europe/epidemiology ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Genome, Bacterial ; Genomics/methods ; Humans ; Likelihood Functions ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/*classification/*genetics/isolation & ; purification ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; South America/epidemiology ; Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology/*microbiology/transmission ; Time Factors ; United States/epidemiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2010-07-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holland, Scott K -- Byars, Anna W -- Plante, Elena -- Szaflarski, Jerzy P -- Dietrich, Kim -- Altaye, Mekibib -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 30;329(5991):512-3. doi: 10.1126/science.329.5991.512-e.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20671170" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*adverse effects ; Risk ; Time Factors
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2010-10-23
    Description: The intracerebral injection of beta-amyloid-containing brain extracts can induce cerebral beta-amyloidosis and associated pathologies in susceptible hosts. We found that intraperitoneal inoculation with beta-amyloid-rich extracts induced beta-amyloidosis in the brains of beta-amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice after prolonged incubation times.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3233904/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3233904/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eisele, Yvonne S -- Obermuller, Ulrike -- Heilbronner, Gotz -- Baumann, Frank -- Kaeser, Stephan A -- Wolburg, Hartwig -- Walker, Lary C -- Staufenbiel, Matthias -- Heikenwalder, Mathias -- Jucker, Mathias -- P51 RR000165/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR000165-51/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- RR-00165/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Nov 12;330(6006):980-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1194516. Epub 2010 Oct 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20966215" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alzheimer Disease/metabolism/pathology ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/administration & dosage/*chemistry/metabolism ; Animals ; Brain/blood supply/*pathology ; Brain Chemistry ; Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy/metabolism/pathology ; Female ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Plaque, Amyloid/pathology ; Prions/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Folding ; Time Factors
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-12-18
    Description: To investigate the origin and evolution of essential genes, we identified and phenotyped 195 young protein-coding genes, which originated 3 to 35 million years ago in Drosophila. Knocking down expression with RNA interference showed that 30% of newly arisen genes are essential for viability. The proportion of genes that are essential is similar in every evolutionary age group that we examined. Under constitutive silencing of these young essential genes, lethality was high in the pupal stage and also found in the larval stages. Lethality was attributed to diverse cellular and developmental defects, such as organ formation and patterning defects. These data suggest that new genes frequently and rapidly evolve essential functions and participate in development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Sidi -- Zhang, Yong E -- Long, Manyuan -- R01GM065429-01A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM078070-01A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 17;330(6011):1682-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1196380.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Chicago, 1101 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21164016" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Body Patterning/genetics ; Drosophila/classification/*genetics/growth & development ; Drosophila Proteins/chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/classification/*genetics/growth & development ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Duplication ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; *Genes, Essential ; *Genes, Insect ; Larva/genetics/growth & development ; Metamorphosis, Biological ; Phenotype ; Phylogeny ; Pupa/genetics/growth & development ; RNA Interference ; Time Factors ; Wings, Animal/abnormalities/growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2010-09-11
    Description: Plants and animals produce modular developmental units in a periodic fashion. In plants, lateral roots form as repeating units along the root primary axis; however, the developmental mechanism regulating this process is unknown. We found that cyclic expression pulses of a reporter gene mark the position of future lateral roots by establishing prebranch sites and that prebranch site production and root bending are periodic. Microarray and promoter-luciferase studies revealed two sets of genes oscillating in opposite phases at the root tip. Genetic studies show that some oscillating transcriptional regulators are required for periodicity in one or both developmental processes. This molecular mechanism has characteristics that resemble molecular clock-driven activities in animal species.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2976612/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2976612/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moreno-Risueno, Miguel A -- Van Norman, Jaimie M -- Moreno, Antonio -- Zhang, Jingyuan -- Ahnert, Sebastian E -- Benfey, Philip N -- R01 GM043778/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM043778-19/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM043778-20/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM043778-21/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM043778/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 10;329(5997):1306-11. doi: 10.1126/science.1191937.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology and Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy Center for Systems Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20829477" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/cytology/*genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; Genes, Plant ; Genes, Reporter ; Gravitation ; Indoleacetic Acids/metabolism/pharmacology ; Meristem/*genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Phthalimides/pharmacology ; Plant Roots/cytology/genetics/*growth & development ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Signal Transduction ; Temperature ; Time Factors ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2010-05-01
    Description: Governance of social-ecological systems is a major policy problem of the contemporary era. Field studies of fisheries, forests, and pastoral and water resources have identified many variables that influence the outcomes of governance efforts. We introduce an experimental environment that involves spatial and temporal resource dynamics in order to capture these two critical variables identified in field research. Previous behavioral experiments of commons dilemmas have found that people are willing to engage in costly punishment, frequently generating increases in gross benefits, contrary to game-theoretical predictions based on a static pay-off function. Results in our experimental environment find that costly punishment is again used but lacks a gross positive effect on resource harvesting unless combined with communication. These findings illustrate the importance of careful generalization from the laboratory to the world of policy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Janssen, Marco A -- Holahan, Robert -- Lee, Allen -- Ostrom, Elinor -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Apr 30;328(5978):613-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1183532.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Arizona State University, Post Office Box 872402, Tempe, AZ 85287-2402, USA. Marco.Janssen@asu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20431012" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Communication ; *Cooperative Behavior ; *Decision Making ; Game Theory ; *Group Processes ; Humans ; Public Policy ; *Punishment ; *Social Behavior ; Time Factors
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2011-06-28
    Description: The functions of sleep remain elusive, but a strong link exists between sleep need and neuronal plasticity. We tested the hypothesis that plastic processes during wake lead to a net increase in synaptic strength and sleep is necessary for synaptic renormalization. We found that, in three Drosophila neuronal circuits, synapse size or number increases after a few hours of wake and decreases only if flies are allowed to sleep. A richer wake experience resulted in both larger synaptic growth and greater sleep need. Finally, we demonstrate that the gene Fmr1 (fragile X mental retardation 1) plays an important role in sleep-dependent synaptic renormalization.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3128387/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3128387/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bushey, Daniel -- Tononi, Giulio -- Cirelli, Chiara -- DP1 OD000579/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD000579-05/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM075315/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM075315-01A2/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM075315-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM075315-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM075315-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM075315-05/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM075315-05S1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jun 24;332(6037):1576-81. doi: 10.1126/science.1202839.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21700878" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dendrites/physiology/ultrastructure ; Drosophila Proteins/*genetics/metabolism/physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/*physiology ; Female ; Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein/*genetics/physiology ; *Homeostasis ; Male ; Mushroom Bodies/cytology/physiology ; *Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/physiology ; Neuropeptides/genetics/metabolism ; Sleep/*physiology ; Sleep Deprivation ; Synapses/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Time Factors
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2010-12-15
    Description: Formin homology proteins (formins) elongate actin filaments (F-actin) by continuously associating with filament tips, potentially harnessing actin-generated pushing forces. During this processive elongation, formins are predicted to rotate along the axis of the double helical F-actin structure (referred to here as helical rotation), although this has not yet been definitively shown. We demonstrated helical rotation of the formin mDia1 by single-molecule fluorescence polarization (FL(P)). FL(P) of labeled F-actin, both elongating and depolymerizing from immobilized mDia1, oscillated with a periodicity corresponding to that of the F-actin long-pitch helix, and this was not altered by actin-bound nucleotides or the actin-binding protein profilin. Thus, helical rotation is an intrinsic property of formins. To harness pushing forces from growing F-actin, formins must be anchored flexibly to cell structures.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mizuno, Hiroaki -- Higashida, Chiharu -- Yuan, Yunfeng -- Ishizaki, Toshimasa -- Narumiya, Shuh -- Watanabe, Naoki -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jan 7;331(6013):80-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1197692. Epub 2010 Dec 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Single-Molecule Cell Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21148346" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin Cytoskeleton/chemistry/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Actins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Adenosine Diphosphate/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Fluorescence Polarization ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Profilins/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Rabbits ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Rotation
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2011-05-10
    Description: Control of many infectious diseases relies on the detection of clinical cases and the isolation, removal, or treatment of cases and their contacts. The success of such "reactive" strategies is influenced by the fraction of transmission occurring before signs appear. We performed experimental studies of foot-and-mouth disease transmission in cattle and estimated this fraction at less than half the value expected from detecting virus in body fluids, the standard proxy measure of infectiousness. This is because the infectious period is shorter (mean 1.7 days) than currently realized, and animals are not infectious until, on average, 0.5 days after clinical signs appear. These results imply that controversial preemptive control measures may be unnecessary; instead, efforts should be directed at early detection of infection and rapid intervention.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Charleston, Bryan -- Bankowski, Bartlomies M -- Gubbins, Simon -- Chase-Topping, Margo E -- Schley, David -- Howey, Richard -- Barnett, Paul V -- Gibson, Debi -- Juleff, Nicholas D -- Woolhouse, Mark E J -- BBSB00549/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BBSEI00001444/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 May 6;332(6030):726-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1199884.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Ash Road, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK. bryan.charleston@bbsrc.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21551063" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Bayes Theorem ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases/prevention & control/*transmission/virology ; *Communicable Disease Control ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease/*physiopathology/prevention & ; control/*transmission/virology ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus/immunology/isolation & purification/physiology ; Time Factors ; Viremia/diagnosis/veterinary ; Virus Latency
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2011-02-19
    Description: Black bears hibernate for 5 to 7 months a year and, during this time, do not eat, drink, urinate, or defecate. We measured metabolic rate and body temperature in hibernating black bears and found that they suppress metabolism to 25% of basal rates while regulating body temperature from 30 degrees to 36 degrees C, in multiday cycles. Heart rates were reduced from 55 to as few as 9 beats per minute, with profound sinus arrhythmia. After returning to normal body temperature and emerging from dens, bears maintained a reduced metabolic rate for up to 3 weeks. The pronounced reduction and delayed recovery of metabolic rate in hibernating bears suggest that the majority of metabolic suppression during hibernation is independent of lowered body temperature.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Toien, Oivind -- Blake, John -- Edgar, Dale M -- Grahn, Dennis A -- Heller, H Craig -- Barnes, Brian M -- HD-00973/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 18;331(6019):906-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1199435.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA. otoien@alaska.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21330544" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Basal Metabolism ; *Body Temperature ; *Energy Metabolism ; Female ; Heart Rate ; *Hibernation ; Humans ; Male ; *Oxygen Consumption ; Time Factors ; Ursidae/metabolism/*physiology
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  • 16
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-04-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Christou, Apostolos -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 1;332(6025):37. doi: 10.1126/science.332.6025.37.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21454774" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; Minor Planets ; *Space Flight ; Time Factors
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2011-10-29
    Description: The World Wide Web is commonly seen as a platform that can harness the collective abilities of large numbers of people to accomplish tasks with unprecedented speed, accuracy, and scale. To explore the Web's ability for social mobilization, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) held the DARPA Network Challenge, in which competing teams were asked to locate 10 red weather balloons placed at locations around the continental United States. Using a recursive incentive mechanism that both spread information about the task and incentivized individuals to act, our team was able to find all 10 balloons in less than 9 hours, thus winning the Challenge. We analyzed the theoretical and practical properties of this mechanism and compared it with other approaches.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pickard, Galen -- Pan, Wei -- Rahwan, Iyad -- Cebrian, Manuel -- Crane, Riley -- Madan, Anmol -- Pentland, Alex -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 28;334(6055):509-12. doi: 10.1126/science.1205869.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Media Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22034432" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Altruism ; *Communication ; *Cooperative Behavior ; Humans ; *Internet ; *Motivation ; *Social Facilitation ; Time Factors
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2012-06-02
    Description: Interacting sets of actin assembly factors work together in cells, but the underlying mechanisms have remained obscure. We used triple-color single-molecule fluorescence microscopy to image the tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and the formin mDia1 during filament assembly. Complexes consisting of APC, mDia1, and actin monomers initiated actin filament formation, overcoming inhibition by capping protein and profilin. Upon filament polymerization, the complexes separated, with mDia1 moving processively on growing barbed ends while APC remained at the site of nucleation. Thus, the two assembly factors directly interact to initiate filament assembly and then separate but retain independent associations with either end of the growing filament.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3613992/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3613992/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Breitsprecher, Dennis -- Jaiswal, Richa -- Bombardier, Jeffrey P -- Gould, Christopher J -- Gelles, Jeff -- Goode, Bruce L -- GM083137/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM43369/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM81648/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM063691/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM081648/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM083137/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM098143/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM043369/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 EB009419/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007596/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jun 1;336(6085):1164-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1218062.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22654058" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin Cytoskeleton/*metabolism ; Actins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/chemistry/*metabolism ; Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein/chemistry/*metabolism ; Animals ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Peptide Fragments/chemistry/metabolism ; Profilins/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; Protein Multimerization ; Rabbits
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2012-05-05
    Description: Plant diversity generally promotes biomass production, but how the shape of the response curve changes with time remains unclear. This is a critical knowledge gap because the shape of this relationship indicates the extent to which loss of the first few species will influence biomass production. Using two long-term (〉/=13 years) biodiversity experiments, we show that the effects of diversity on biomass productivity increased and became less saturating over time. Our analyses suggest that effects of diversity-dependent ecosystem feedbacks and interspecific complementarity accumulate over time, causing high-diversity species combinations that appeared functionally redundant during early years to become more functionally unique through time. Consequently, simplification of diverse ecosystems will likely have greater negative impacts on ecosystem functioning than has been suggested by short-term experiments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reich, Peter B -- Tilman, David -- Isbell, Forest -- Mueller, Kevin -- Hobbie, Sarah E -- Flynn, Dan F B -- Eisenhauer, Nico -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 4;336(6081):589-92. doi: 10.1126/science.1217909.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22556253" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; Biomass ; *Ecosystem ; Fabaceae/growth & development ; Minnesota ; Nitrogen ; Nitrogen Cycle ; Plant Development ; *Plants ; *Poaceae/growth & development ; Soil/chemistry ; Time Factors
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  • 20
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2012-04-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Greg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Apr 20;336(6079):286. doi: 10.1126/science.336.6079.286.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22517832" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcysteine/*administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Astrocytes/drug effects ; Brain/*drug effects ; Cerebral Palsy/*drug therapy ; Dendrimers/*administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Disease Models, Animal ; Microglia/drug effects ; Neuroprotective Agents/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Rabbits
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2012-06-09
    Description: The organization of actin filaments into higher-ordered structures governs eukaryotic cell shape and movement. Global actin network size and architecture are maintained in a dynamic steady state through regulated assembly and disassembly. Here, we used experimentally defined actin structures in vitro to investigate how the activity of myosin motors depends on network architecture. Direct visualization of filaments revealed myosin-induced actin network deformation. During this reorganization, myosins selectively contracted and disassembled antiparallel actin structures, while parallel actin bundles remained unaffected. The local distribution of nucleation sites and the resulting orientation of actin filaments appeared to regulate the scalability of the contraction process. This "orientation selection" mechanism for selective contraction and disassembly suggests how the dynamics of the cellular actin cytoskeleton can be spatially controlled by actomyosin contractility.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3649007/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3649007/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reymann, Anne-Cecile -- Boujemaa-Paterski, Rajaa -- Martiel, Jean-Louis -- Guerin, Christophe -- Cao, Wenxiang -- Chin, Harvey F -- De La Cruz, Enrique M -- Thery, Manuel -- Blanchoin, Laurent -- GM097348/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM097348/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jun 8;336(6086):1310-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1221708.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant (iRTSV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Grenoble, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22679097" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin Cytoskeleton/*metabolism/*ultrastructure ; Actins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Actomyosin/chemistry/metabolism ; Animals ; Myosin Heavy Chains/chemistry/*metabolism ; Myosin Type II/chemistry/*metabolism ; Rabbits ; Swine
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2012-02-04
    Description: To combat the functional decline of the proteome, cells use the process of protein turnover to replace potentially impaired polypeptides with new functional copies. We found that extremely long-lived proteins (ELLPs) did not turn over in postmitotic cells of the rat central nervous system. These ELLPs were associated with chromatin and the nuclear pore complex, the central transport channels that mediate all molecular trafficking in and out of the nucleus. The longevity of these proteins would be expected to expose them to potentially harmful metabolites, putting them at risk of accumulating damage over extended periods of time. Thus, it is possible that failure to maintain proper levels and functional integrity of ELLPs in nonproliferative cells might contribute to age-related deterioration in cell and tissue function.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3296478/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3296478/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Savas, Jeffrey N -- Toyama, Brandon H -- Xu, Tao -- Yates, John R 3rd -- Hetzer, Martin W -- F32 AG039127/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- F32 AG039127-01A1/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- F32AG039127/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- HHSN268201000035C/PHS HHS/ -- P01 AG031097/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG031097-03/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA014195/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA014195-35/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P41 RR011823/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P41 RR011823-14/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH067880/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH067880-08/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Feb 24;335(6071):942. doi: 10.1126/science.1217421. Epub 2012 Feb 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22300851" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/cytology/*metabolism ; Cell Aging ; Chromatin/metabolism ; Female ; Half-Life ; Liver/metabolism ; Mitosis ; Nuclear Pore/*metabolism ; Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins/*metabolism ; Proteome/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Time Factors
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2012-03-03
    Description: Over 90 capsular serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae, a common nasopharyngeal colonizer and major cause of pneumonia, bacteremia, and meningitis, are known. It is unclear why some serotypes can persist at all: They are more easily cleared from carriage and compete poorly in vivo. Serotype-specific immune responses, which could promote diversity in principle, are weak enough to allow repeated colonizations by the same type. We show that weak serotype-specific immunity and an acquired response not specific to the capsule can together reproduce observed diversity. Serotype-specific immunity stabilizes competition, and acquired immunity to noncapsular antigens reduces fitness differences. Our model can be used to explain the effects of pneumococcal vaccination and indicates general factors that regulate the diversity of pathogens.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3341938/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3341938/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cobey, Sarah -- Lipsitch, Marc -- 1F32GM097997/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- 5R01AI048935/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- F32 GM097997/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM088558/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM088558-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54GM088558/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 16;335(6074):1376-80. doi: 10.1126/science.1215947. Epub 2012 Mar 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. scobey@hsph.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22383809" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptive Immunity ; Adult ; Antigenic Variation ; Antigens, Bacterial/*immunology ; Bacterial Capsules/immunology ; Carrier State/immunology/*microbiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Computer Simulation ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Infant ; Models, Biological ; Nasopharynx/*microbiology ; Pneumococcal Infections/immunology/*microbiology ; Pneumococcal Vaccines/immunology ; Serotyping ; Streptococcus pneumoniae/classification/*immunology/*physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 24
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2012-04-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shibata, Darryl -- R21 CA149990/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Apr 20;336(6079):304-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1222361.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, NOR2424, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. dshibata@usc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22517848" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carcinoma, Renal Cell/drug therapy/pathology ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Clonal Evolution ; *Genetic Heterogeneity ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms/drug therapy/genetics/pathology ; *Mutation ; Neoplasms/diagnosis/*genetics/pathology/therapy ; Time Factors
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2012-05-05
    Description: Little is known about how organ growth is monitored and coordinated with the developmental timing in complex organisms. In insects, impairment of larval tissue growth delays growth and morphogenesis, revealing a coupling mechanism. We carried out a genetic screen in Drosophila to identify molecules expressed by growing tissues participating in this coupling and identified dilp8 as a gene whose silencing rescues the developmental delay induced by abnormally growing tissues. dilp8 is highly induced in conditions where growth impairment produces a developmental delay. dilp8 encodes a peptide for which expression and secretion are sufficient to delay metamorphosis without affecting tissue integrity. We propose that Dilp8 peptide is a secreted signal that coordinates the growth status of tissues with developmental timing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Colombani, Julien -- Andersen, Ditte S -- Leopold, Pierre -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 4;336(6081):582-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1216689.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Universite de Nice, INSERM 1091, CNRS 7277, and France Institute of Biology, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22556251" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/metabolism ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/*growth & development/*metabolism ; Ecdysone/biosynthesis ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes, Insect ; Imaginal Discs/*growth & development ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Larva/genetics/growth & development/metabolism ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; *Metamorphosis, Biological ; RNA Interference ; Sequence Deletion ; Time Factors ; Wings, Animal/growth & development
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  • 26
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2012-10-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Oct 12;338(6104):189-91. doi: 10.1126/science.338.6104.189.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23066056" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthropology ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Fossils ; Humans ; Mutagenesis ; *Mutation ; Time Factors
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2012-04-14
    Description: Drug use and relapse involve learned associations between drug-associated environmental cues and drug effects. Extinction procedures in the clinic can suppress conditioned responses to drug cues, but the extinguished responses typically reemerge after exposure to the drug itself (reinstatement), the drug-associated environment (renewal), or the passage of time (spontaneous recovery). We describe a memory retrieval-extinction procedure that decreases conditioned drug effects and drug seeking in rat models of relapse, and drug craving in abstinent heroin addicts. In rats, daily retrieval of drug-associated memories 10 minutes or 1 hour but not 6 hours before extinction sessions attenuated drug-induced reinstatement, spontaneous recovery, and renewal of conditioned drug effects and drug seeking. In heroin addicts, retrieval of drug-associated memories 10 minutes before extinction sessions attenuated cue-induced heroin craving 1, 30, and 180 days later. The memory retrieval-extinction procedure is a promising nonpharmacological method for decreasing drug craving and relapse during abstinence.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3695463/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3695463/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xue, Yan-Xue -- Luo, Yi-Xiao -- Wu, Ping -- Shi, Hai-Shui -- Xue, Li-Fen -- Chen, Chen -- Zhu, Wei-Li -- Ding, Zeng-Bo -- Bao, Yan-ping -- Shi, Jie -- Epstein, David H -- Shaham, Yavin -- Lu, Lin -- Z99 DA999999/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- ZIA DA000434-12/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Apr 13;336(6078):241-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1215070.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22499948" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amygdala/enzymology ; Animals ; Behavior, Addictive/*prevention & control ; Cocaine/administration & dosage ; Cocaine-Related Disorders/*psychology/therapy ; Conditioning, Classical ; Conditioning, Operant ; Cues ; *Extinction, Psychological ; Heroin/administration & dosage ; Heroin Dependence/*psychology/therapy ; Humans ; Male ; *Memory ; Mental Recall ; Models, Animal ; Prefrontal Cortex/enzymology ; Protein Kinase C/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Recurrence ; Self Administration ; Time Factors
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2013-07-06
    Description: Transcription is reported to be spatially compartmentalized in nuclear transcription factories with clusters of RNA polymerase II (Pol II). However, little is known about when these foci assemble or their relative stability. We developed a quantitative single-cell approach to characterize protein spatiotemporal organization, with single-molecule sensitivity in live eukaryotic cells. We observed that Pol II clusters form transiently, with an average lifetime of 5.1 (+/- 0.4) seconds, which refutes the notion that they are statically assembled substructures. Stimuli affecting transcription yielded orders-of-magnitude changes in the dynamics of Pol II clusters, which implies that clustering is regulated and plays a role in the cell's ability to effect rapid response to external signals. Our results suggest that transient crowding of enzymes may aid in rate-limiting steps of gene regulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cisse, Ibrahim I -- Izeddin, Ignacio -- Causse, Sebastien Z -- Boudarene, Lydia -- Senecal, Adrien -- Muresan, Leila -- Dugast-Darzacq, Claire -- Hajj, Bassam -- Dahan, Maxime -- Darzacq, Xavier -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 9;341(6146):664-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1239053. Epub 2013 Jul 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Functional Imaging of Transcription, CNRS UMR8197, Ecole Normale Superieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS, IBENS, Paris, 75005 France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23828889" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line, Tumor ; Flavonoids/pharmacology ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Piperidines/pharmacology ; RNA Polymerase II/*metabolism ; Single-Cell Analysis/methods ; Time Factors ; Transcription Elongation, Genetic/drug effects ; *Transcription, Genetic
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2013-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shoemaker, J K -- Schrag, D P -- Molina, M J -- Ramanathan, V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 13;342(6164):1323-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1240162.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24337280" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Climate Change ; *Environmental Policy ; Environmental Pollutants/*standards ; Fluorocarbons/standards ; Methane/standards ; Ozone/standards ; Soot/standards ; Time Factors
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2013-09-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Sep 6;341(6150):1055. doi: 10.1126/science.341.6150.1055.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24009370" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/*genetics/growth & development ; *Biological Evolution ; Breeding ; Congresses as Topic ; *Epigenesis, Genetic ; Flowers/*genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Portugal ; *Quantitative Trait, Heritable ; Time Factors
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2013-06-01
    Description: Perennial plants live for more than 1 year and flower only after an extended vegetative phase. We used Arabis alpina, a perennial relative of annual Arabidopsis thaliana, to study how increasing age and exposure to winter cold (vernalization) coordinate to establish competence to flower. We show that the APETALA2 transcription factor, a target of microRNA miR172, prevents flowering before vernalization. Additionally, miR156 levels decline as A. alpina ages, causing increased production of SPL (SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN LIKE) transcription factors and ensuring that flowering occurs in response to cold. The age at which plants respond to vernalization can be altered by manipulating miR156 levels. Although miR156 and miR172 levels are uncoupled in A. alpina, miR156 abundance represents the timer controlling age-dependent flowering responses to cold.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bergonzi, Sara -- Albani, Maria C -- Ver Loren van Themaat, Emiel -- Nordstrom, Karl J V -- Wang, Renhou -- Schneeberger, Korbinian -- Moerland, Perry D -- Coupland, George -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 31;340(6136):1094-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1234116.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23723236" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabis/genetics/*physiology ; *Cold Temperature ; Flowers/genetics/*physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; MicroRNAs/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *Seasons ; Time Factors ; Transcription Factors/classification/metabolism
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2013-03-23
    Description: The end-Triassic extinction is characterized by major losses in both terrestrial and marine diversity, setting the stage for dinosaurs to dominate Earth for the next 136 million years. Despite the approximate coincidence between this extinction and flood basalt volcanism, existing geochronologic dates have insufficient resolution to confirm eruptive rates required to induce major climate perturbations. Here, we present new zircon uranium-lead (U-Pb) geochronologic constraints on the age and duration of flood basalt volcanism within the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province. This chronology demonstrates synchroneity between the earliest volcanism and extinction, tests and corroborates the existing astrochronologic time scale, and shows that the release of magma and associated atmospheric flux occurred in four pulses over about 600,000 years, indicating expansive volcanism even as the biologic recovery was under way.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blackburn, Terrence J -- Olsen, Paul E -- Bowring, Samuel A -- McLean, Noah M -- Kent, Dennis V -- Puffer, John -- McHone, Greg -- Rasbury, E Troy -- Et-Touhami, Mohammed -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 24;340(6135):941-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1234204. Epub 2013 Mar 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. tblackburn@ciw.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23519213" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atlantic Ocean ; *Climate Change ; *Earth (Planet) ; *Lead ; *Silicates ; Time Factors ; *Uranium ; *Volcanic Eruptions ; *Zirconium
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2014-10-25
    Description: In recent years, biologists have increasingly recognized that evolutionary change can occur rapidly when natural selection is strong; thus, real-time studies of evolution can be used to test classic evolutionary hypotheses directly. One such hypothesis is that negative interactions between closely related species can drive phenotypic divergence. Such divergence is thought to be ubiquitous, though well-documented cases are surprisingly rare. On small islands in Florida, we found that the lizard Anolis carolinensis moved to higher perches following invasion by Anolis sagrei and, in response, adaptively evolved larger toepads after only 20 generations. These results illustrate that interspecific interactions between closely related species can drive evolutionary change on observable time scales.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stuart, Y E -- Campbell, T S -- Hohenlohe, P A -- Reynolds, R G -- Revell, L J -- Losos, J B -- P30GM103324/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 24;346(6208):463-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1257008.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Museum of Comparative Zoology and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. yestuart@utexas.edu. ; Department of Biology, University of Tampa, Tampa, FL, USA. ; Department of Biological Sciences and Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA. ; Museum of Comparative Zoology and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, USA. ; Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, USA. ; Museum of Comparative Zoology and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25342801" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Migration ; Animals ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Florida ; *Genetic Variation ; *Introduced Species ; Lizards/*genetics ; Phylogeny ; *Selection, Genetic ; Time Factors
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2014-07-26
    Description: Proteins that cap the ends of the actin filament are essential regulators of cytoskeleton dynamics. Whereas several proteins cap the rapidly growing barbed end, tropomodulin (Tmod) is the only protein known to cap the slowly growing pointed end. The lack of structural information severely limits our understanding of Tmod's capping mechanism. We describe crystal structures of actin complexes with the unstructured amino-terminal and the leucine-rich repeat carboxy-terminal domains of Tmod. The structures and biochemical analysis of structure-inspired mutants showed that one Tmod molecule interacts with three actin subunits at the pointed end, while also contacting two tropomyosin molecules on each side of the filament. We found that Tmod achieves high-affinity binding through several discrete low-affinity interactions, which suggests a mechanism for controlled subunit exchange at the pointed end.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4367809/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4367809/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rao, Jampani Nageswara -- Madasu, Yadaiah -- Dominguez, Roberto -- GM-0080/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM073791/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jul 25;345(6195):463-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1256159.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. ; Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. droberto@mail.med.upenn.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25061212" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin Cytoskeleton/*chemistry ; Actins/*chemistry ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rabbits ; Tropomodulin/*chemistry/genetics
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2014-10-18
    Description: In the past decade, attosecond technology has opened up the investigation of ultrafast electronic processes in atoms, simple molecules, and solids. Here, we report the application of isolated attosecond pulses to prompt ionization of the amino acid phenylalanine and the subsequent detection of ultrafast dynamics on a sub-4.5-femtosecond temporal scale, which is shorter than the vibrational response of the molecule. The ability to initiate and observe such electronic dynamics in polyatomic molecules represents a crucial step forward in attosecond science, which is progressively moving toward the investigation of more and more complex systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Calegari, F -- Ayuso, D -- Trabattoni, A -- Belshaw, L -- De Camillis, S -- Anumula, S -- Frassetto, F -- Poletto, L -- Palacios, A -- Decleva, P -- Greenwood, J B -- Martin, F -- Nisoli, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 17;346(6207):336-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1254061.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy. ; Departamento de Quimica, Modulo 13, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid, Spain. ; Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy. ; Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Maths and Physics, Queen's University, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK. ; IFN-CNR, Via Trasea 7, 35131 Padova, Italy. ; Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Universita di Trieste and CNR-Istituto Officina dei Materiali, 34127 Trieste, Italy. ; Departamento de Quimica, Modulo 13, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid, Spain. Instituto Madrileno de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain. fernando.martin@uam.es mauro.nisoli@polimi.it. ; Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy. Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy. fernando.martin@uam.es mauro.nisoli@polimi.it.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25324385" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Electrons ; Ions/chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Phenylalanine/*chemistry ; Time Factors
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  • 36
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-05-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉van Kolfschooten, Frank -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 30;344(6187):957-8. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6187.957.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24876472" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Electronic Mail ; Germany ; Humans ; Netherlands ; Psychology, Social/*ethics ; Research Design ; *Scientific Misconduct ; Time Factors ; Universities
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  • 37
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-07-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Swaisgood, Ronald R -- Terborgh, John W -- Blumstein, Daniel T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 16;329(5989):276. doi: 10.1126/science.329.5989.276-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20647447" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavioral Research/*economics ; *Ecosystem ; Research/*economics ; *Research Support as Topic ; Time Factors
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2010-08-21
    Description: The rapid antidepressant response after ketamine administration in treatment-resistant depressed patients suggests a possible new approach for treating mood disorders compared to the weeks or months required for standard medications. However, the mechanisms underlying this action of ketamine [a glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonist] have not been identified. We observed that ketamine rapidly activated the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, leading to increased synaptic signaling proteins and increased number and function of new spine synapses in the prefrontal cortex of rats. Moreover, blockade of mTOR signaling completely blocked ketamine induction of synaptogenesis and behavioral responses in models of depression. Our results demonstrate that these effects of ketamine are opposite to the synaptic deficits that result from exposure to stress and could contribute to the fast antidepressant actions of ketamine.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3116441/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3116441/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Nanxin -- Lee, Boyoung -- Liu, Rong-Jian -- Banasr, Mounira -- Dwyer, Jason M -- Iwata, Masaaki -- Li, Xiao-Yuan -- Aghajanian, George -- Duman, Ronald S -- 2P01 MH25642/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH45481/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P01 MH025642/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P01 MH025642-30/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P01 MH025642-31/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P01 MH025642-32/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH045481/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH045481-13/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH045481-14/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH045481-15/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Aug 20;329(5994):959-64. doi: 10.1126/science.1190287.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Center for Genes and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06508, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20724638" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antidepressive Agents/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology ; Dendritic Spines/drug effects/metabolism ; Depression/drug therapy/metabolism ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/agonists ; Ketamine/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology ; Male ; Neurons/drug effects/metabolism ; Neuropeptides/*biosynthesis/metabolism ; Phenols/pharmacology ; Piperidines/pharmacology ; Protein Biosynthesis/drug effects ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Sirolimus/pharmacology ; Synapses/*drug effects/metabolism ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Time Factors
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2010-07-10
    Description: HIV infection can persist in spite of efficacious antiretroviral therapies. Although incomplete inhibition of viral replication may contribute to this phenomenon, this is largely due to the early establishment of a stable reservoir of latently infected cells. Thus, life-long antiviral therapy may be needed to control HIV. Such therapy is prone to drug resistance and cumulative side effects and is an unbearable financial burden for regions of the world hit hardest by the epidemic. This review discusses our current understanding of HIV persistence and the limitations of potential approaches to eradicate the virus and accordingly pleads for a joint multidisciplinary effort toward two highly related goals: the development of an HIV prophylactic vaccine and the achievement of long-term drug-free remissions in HIV-infected individuals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Trono, Didier -- Van Lint, Carine -- Rouzioux, Christine -- Verdin, Eric -- Barre-Sinoussi, Francoise -- Chun, Tae-Wook -- Chomont, Nicolas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 9;329(5988):174-80. doi: 10.1126/science.1191047.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Life Sciences and Frontiers-in-Genetics Program, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Didier.trono@epfl.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20616270" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines/therapeutic use ; Animals ; Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/virology ; HIV/drug effects/immunology/*physiology ; HIV Infections/*drug therapy/immunology/prevention & control/*virology ; Humans ; Immunologic Memory ; Time Factors ; Viremia ; Virus Latency ; Virus Replication
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2010-07-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Contreras, Jorge L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 23;329(5990):393-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1189253.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Law, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA. jlcontreras@wulaw.wustl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20651137" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Access to Information ; *Databases, Factual ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; Financing, Government ; *Genome, Human ; Genome-Wide Association Study/economics ; Human Genome Project ; Humans ; *Information Dissemination ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Patents as Topic ; Policy Making ; *Publishing ; Research Support as Topic ; Time Factors ; United States
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2010-08-14
    Description: The detection and discrimination of temporal sequences is fundamental to brain function and underlies perception, cognition, and motor output. By applying patterned, two-photon glutamate uncaging, we found that single dendrites of cortical pyramidal neurons exhibit sensitivity to the sequence of synaptic activation. This sensitivity is encoded by both local dendritic calcium signals and somatic depolarization, leading to sequence-selective spike output. The mechanism involves dendritic impedance gradients and nonlinear synaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation and is generalizable to dendrites in different neuronal types. This enables discrimination of patterns delivered to a single dendrite, as well as patterns distributed randomly across the dendritic tree. Pyramidal cell dendrites can thus act as processing compartments for the detection of synaptic sequences, thereby implementing a fundamental cortical computation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Branco, Tiago -- Clark, Beverley A -- Hausser, Michael -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 24;329(5999):1671-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1189664. Epub 2010 Aug 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20705816" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Signaling ; Dendrites/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Dendritic Spines/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Models, Neurological ; Pyramidal Cells/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism ; Somatosensory Cortex/cytology/*physiology ; Synapses/*physiology ; Time Factors ; Visual Cortex/cytology/*physiology
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2010-05-01
    Description: In 2002, world leaders committed, through the Convention on Biological Diversity, to achieve a significant reduction in the rate of biodiversity loss by 2010. We compiled 31 indicators to report on progress toward this target. Most indicators of the state of biodiversity (covering species' population trends, extinction risk, habitat extent and condition, and community composition) showed declines, with no significant recent reductions in rate, whereas indicators of pressures on biodiversity (including resource consumption, invasive alien species, nitrogen pollution, overexploitation, and climate change impacts) showed increases. Despite some local successes and increasing responses (including extent and biodiversity coverage of protected areas, sustainable forest management, policy responses to invasive alien species, and biodiversity-related aid), the rate of biodiversity loss does not appear to be slowing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Butchart, Stuart H M -- Walpole, Matt -- Collen, Ben -- van Strien, Arco -- Scharlemann, Jorn P W -- Almond, Rosamunde E A -- Baillie, Jonathan E M -- Bomhard, Bastian -- Brown, Claire -- Bruno, John -- Carpenter, Kent E -- Carr, Genevieve M -- Chanson, Janice -- Chenery, Anna M -- Csirke, Jorge -- Davidson, Nick C -- Dentener, Frank -- Foster, Matt -- Galli, Alessandro -- Galloway, James N -- Genovesi, Piero -- Gregory, Richard D -- Hockings, Marc -- Kapos, Valerie -- Lamarque, Jean-Francois -- Leverington, Fiona -- Loh, Jonathan -- McGeoch, Melodie A -- McRae, Louise -- Minasyan, Anahit -- Hernandez Morcillo, Monica -- Oldfield, Thomasina E E -- Pauly, Daniel -- Quader, Suhel -- Revenga, Carmen -- Sauer, John R -- Skolnik, Benjamin -- Spear, Dian -- Stanwell-Smith, Damon -- Stuart, Simon N -- Symes, Andy -- Tierney, Megan -- Tyrrell, Tristan D -- Vie, Jean-Christophe -- Watson, Reg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 May 28;328(5982):1164-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1187512. Epub 2010 Apr 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK. stuart.butchart@birdlife.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20430971" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthozoa ; *Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources/trends ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; *Internationality ; Plants ; Population Dynamics ; Time Factors ; Trees ; Vertebrates
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  • 43
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-05-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McGill, Brian J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Apr 30;328(5978):575-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1188528.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Natural Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. mcgillb@u.arizona.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20431001" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Birds ; Climate ; Competitive Behavior ; Demography ; Denmark ; *Ecosystem ; Population Density ; Time Factors
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2010-06-26
    Description: The lower intestine of adult mammals is densely colonized with nonpathogenic (commensal) microbes. Gut bacteria induce protective immune responses, which ensure host-microbial mutualism. The continuous presence of commensal intestinal bacteria has made it difficult to study mucosal immune dynamics. Here, we report a reversible germ-free colonization system in mice that is independent of diet or antibiotic manipulation. A slow (more than 14 days) onset of a long-lived (half-life over 16 weeks), highly specific anticommensal immunoglobulin A (IgA) response in germ-free mice was observed. Ongoing commensal exposure in colonized mice rapidly abrogated this response. Sequential doses lacked a classical prime-boost effect seen in systemic vaccination, but specific IgA induction occurred as a stepwise response to current bacterial exposure, such that the antibody repertoire matched the existing commensal content.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3923373/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3923373/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hapfelmeier, Siegfried -- Lawson, Melissa A E -- Slack, Emma -- Kirundi, Jorum K -- Stoel, Maaike -- Heikenwalder, Mathias -- Cahenzli, Julia -- Velykoredko, Yuliya -- Balmer, Maria L -- Endt, Kathrin -- Geuking, Markus B -- Curtiss, Roy 3rd -- McCoy, Kathy D -- Macpherson, Andrew J -- R01 AI060557/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 25;328(5986):1705-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1188454.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉DKF (Maurice Muller Laboratories), MEM, Universitatsklinik fur Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin (UVCM), University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland. hapfelmeier@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20576892" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Bacterial/biosynthesis/*immunology ; Antibody Specificity ; Colony Count, Microbial ; Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic ; Escherichia coli/*growth & development/*immunology ; Germ-Free Life ; Half-Life ; Immunoglobulin A/biosynthesis/*immunology ; Immunologic Memory ; Intestinal Mucosa/*immunology/*microbiology ; Intestines/immunology/microbiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mucous Membrane/immunology ; Plasma Cells/immunology ; Time Factors
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  • 45
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-06-26
    Description: Electron tomography provides three-dimensional (3D) imaging of noncrystalline and crystalline equilibrium structures, as well as elemental volume composition, of materials and biological specimens, including those of viruses and cells. We report the development of 4D electron tomography by integrating the fourth dimension (time resolution) with the 3D spatial resolution obtained from a complete tilt series of 2D projections of an object. The different time frames of tomograms constitute a movie of the object in motion, thus enabling studies of nonequilibrium structures and transient processes. The method was demonstrated using carbon nanotubes of a bracelet-like ring structure for which 4D tomograms display different modes of motion, such as breathing and wiggling, with resonance frequencies up to 30 megahertz. Applications can now make use of the full space-time range with the nanometer-femtosecond resolution of ultrafast electron tomography.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kwon, Oh-Hoon -- Zewail, Ahmed H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 25;328(5986):1668-73. doi: 10.1126/science.1190470.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Physical Biology Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20576886" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Electron Microscope Tomography/instrumentation/*methods ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Nanotubes, Carbon/*ultrastructure ; Time Factors
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2010-09-18
    Description: Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) lineages have been identified that are endemic to Bioko Island. The time the island formed offers a geological time scale calibration point for dating the most recent common ancestor of SIV. The Bioko viruses cover the whole range of SIV genetic diversity, and each Bioko SIV clade is most closely related to viruses circulating in hosts of the same genus on the African mainland rather than to SIVs of other Bioko species. Our phylogeographic approach establishes that SIV is ancient and at least 32,000 years old. Our conservative calibration point and analyses of gene sequence saturation and dating bias suggest it may be much older.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Worobey, Michael -- Telfer, Paul -- Souquiere, Sandrine -- Hunter, Meredith -- Coleman, Clint A -- Metzger, Michael J -- Reed, Patricia -- Makuwa, Maria -- Hearn, Gail -- Honarvar, Shaya -- Roques, Pierre -- Apetrei, Cristian -- Kazanji, Mirdad -- Marx, Preston A -- 1R01AI27698/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- 1R01AI44596/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 17;329(5998):1487. doi: 10.1126/science.1193550.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20847261" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cercopithecidae/*virology ; Cercopithecus/virology ; Colobus/virology ; Equatorial Guinea ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genes, pol ; Genetic Variation ; Geography ; Mandrillus/virology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*virology ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/*classification/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Time Factors
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  • 47
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-02-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sweatt, J David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 18;331(6019):869-70. doi: 10.1126/science.1202283.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. dsweatt@nrc.uab.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21330525" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione/pharmacology ; Acetylation ; Animals ; *Epigenesis, Genetic ; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/pharmacology ; Frontal Lobe/*physiology ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; Histones/*metabolism ; *Memory, Long-Term ; Mice ; Neural Pathways ; Neurons/*physiology ; Odors ; Receptors, Glutamate/metabolism ; Synapses/*physiology ; Taste ; Time Factors
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2010-05-15
    Description: Network science is an interdisciplinary endeavor, with methods and applications drawn from across the natural, social, and information sciences. A prominent problem in network science is the algorithmic detection of tightly connected groups of nodes known as communities. We developed a generalized framework of network quality functions that allowed us to study the community structure of arbitrary multislice networks, which are combinations of individual networks coupled through links that connect each node in one network slice to itself in other slices. This framework allows studies of community structure in a general setting encompassing networks that evolve over time, have multiple types of links (multiplexity), and have multiple scales.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mucha, Peter J -- Richardson, Thomas -- Macon, Kevin -- Porter, Mason A -- Onnela, Jukka-Pekka -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 May 14;328(5980):876-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1184819.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Carolina Center for Interdisciplinary Applied Mathematics, Department of Mathematics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. mucha@unc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20466926" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Algorithms ; *Friends ; *Group Processes ; Humans ; *Interpersonal Relations ; *Models, Theoretical ; Politics ; *Population Groups ; Time Factors ; United States
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2011-08-20
    Description: The distributions of many terrestrial organisms are currently shifting in latitude or elevation in response to changing climate. Using a meta-analysis, we estimated that the distributions of species have recently shifted to higher elevations at a median rate of 11.0 meters per decade, and to higher latitudes at a median rate of 16.9 kilometers per decade. These rates are approximately two and three times faster than previously reported. The distances moved by species are greatest in studies showing the highest levels of warming, with average latitudinal shifts being generally sufficient to track temperature changes. However, individual species vary greatly in their rates of change, suggesting that the range shift of each species depends on multiple internal species traits and external drivers of change. Rapid average shifts derive from a wide diversity of responses by individual species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, I-Ching -- Hill, Jane K -- Ohlemuller, Ralf -- Roy, David B -- Thomas, Chris D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 19;333(6045):1024-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1206432.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21852500" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Altitude ; Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Geography ; Population Dynamics ; Species Specificity ; Time Factors
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2011-11-26
    Description: Different types of cell behavior, including growth, motility, and navigation, require actin proteins to assemble into filaments. Here, we describe a biochemical process that was able to disassemble actin filaments and limit their reassembly. Actin was a specific substrate of the multidomain oxidation-reduction enzyme, Mical, a poorly understood actin disassembly factor that directly responds to Semaphorin/Plexin extracellular repulsive cues. Actin filament subunits were directly modified by Mical on their conserved pointed-end, which is critical for filament assembly. Mical posttranslationally oxidized the methionine 44 residue within the D-loop of actin, simultaneously severing filaments and decreasing polymerization. This mechanism underlying actin cytoskeletal collapse may have broad physiological and pathological ramifications.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3612955/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3612955/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hung, Ruei-Jiun -- Pak, Chi W -- Terman, Jonathan R -- DK 091074/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- F32 DK091074/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- NS073968/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS073968/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS073968-01/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Dec 23;334(6063):1710-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1211956. Epub 2011 Nov 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology and Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22116028" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin Cytoskeleton/chemistry/*metabolism ; Actins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Drosophila ; Drosophila Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Methionine/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; NADP/metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rabbits ; Semaphorins/metabolism ; Substrate Specificity
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2011-09-10
    Description: Our goal is to develop a vaccine that sustainably prevents Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria in 〉/=80% of recipients. Pf sporozoites (PfSPZ) administered by mosquito bites are the only immunogens shown to induce such protection in humans. Such protection is thought to be mediated by CD8(+) T cells in the liver that secrete interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). We report that purified irradiated PfSPZ administered to 80 volunteers by needle inoculation in the skin was safe, but suboptimally immunogenic and protective. Animal studies demonstrated that intravenous immunization was critical for inducing a high frequency of PfSPZ-specific CD8(+), IFN-gamma-producing T cells in the liver (nonhuman primates, mice) and conferring protection (mice). Our results suggest that intravenous administration of this vaccine will lead to the prevention of infection with Pf malaria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Epstein, J E -- Tewari, K -- Lyke, K E -- Sim, B K L -- Billingsley, P F -- Laurens, M B -- Gunasekera, A -- Chakravarty, S -- James, E R -- Sedegah, M -- Richman, A -- Velmurugan, S -- Reyes, S -- Li, M -- Tucker, K -- Ahumada, A -- Ruben, A J -- Li, T -- Stafford, R -- Eappen, A G -- Tamminga, C -- Bennett, J W -- Ockenhouse, C F -- Murphy, J R -- Komisar, J -- Thomas, N -- Loyevsky, M -- Birkett, A -- Plowe, C V -- Loucq, C -- Edelman, R -- Richie, T L -- Seder, R A -- Hoffman, S L -- 5R44AI055229-07/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- 5R44AI058375-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- 5R44AI058499-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 28;334(6055):475-80. doi: 10.1126/science.1211548. Epub 2011 Sep 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉U.S. Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21903775" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Antibodies, Protozoan/blood/immunology ; Antigens, Protozoan/immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis/immunology ; Liver/*immunology ; Macaca mulatta ; Malaria Vaccines/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*immunology ; Malaria, Falciparum/*prevention & control ; Mice ; Middle Aged ; Plasmodium falciparum/*immunology ; Rabbits ; Sporozoites/*immunology ; Vaccines, Attenuated/administration & dosage/adverse effects/immunology ; Young Adult
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2011-10-08
    Description: The effects of climate change on biodiversity should depend in part on climate displacement rate (climate-change velocity) and its interaction with species' capacity to migrate. We estimated Late Quaternary glacial-interglacial climate-change velocity by integrating macroclimatic shifts since the Last Glacial Maximum with topoclimatic gradients. Globally, areas with high velocities were associated with marked absences of small-ranged amphibians, mammals, and birds. The association between endemism and velocity was weakest in the highly vagile birds and strongest in the weakly dispersing amphibians, linking dispersal ability to extinction risk due to climate change. High velocity was also associated with low endemism at regional scales, especially in wet and aseasonal regions. Overall, we show that low-velocity areas are essential refuges for Earth's many small-ranged species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sandel, B -- Arge, L -- Dalsgaard, B -- Davies, R G -- Gaston, K J -- Sutherland, W J -- Svenning, J-C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 4;334(6056):660-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1210173. Epub 2011 Oct 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity Group, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000 C, Denmark. brody.sandel@biology.au.dk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21979937" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amphibians ; Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Birds ; *Climate Change ; Ecosystem ; Mammals ; Time Factors
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2011-10-29
    Description: Ultralow molecular weight (ULMW) heparins are sulfated glycans that are clinically used to treat thrombotic disorders. ULMW heparins range from 1500 to 3000 daltons, corresponding from 5 to 10 saccharide units. The commercial drug Arixtra (fondaparinux sodium) is a structurally homogeneous ULMW heparin pentasaccharide that is synthesized through a lengthy chemical process. Here, we report 10- and 12-step chemoenzymatic syntheses of two structurally homogeneous ULMW heparins (MW = 1778.5 and 1816.5) in 45 and 37% overall yield, respectively, starting from a simple disaccharide. These ULMW heparins display excellent in vitro anticoagulant activity and comparable pharmacokinetic properties to Arixtra, as demonstrated in a rabbit model. The chemoenzymatic approach is scalable and shows promise for a more efficient route to synthesize this important class of medicinal agent.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3425363/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3425363/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xu, Yongmei -- Masuko, Sayaka -- Takieddin, Majde -- Xu, Haoming -- Liu, Renpeng -- Jing, Juliana -- Mousa, Shaker A -- Linhardt, Robert J -- Liu, Jian -- AI074775/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI50050/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM38060/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL094463/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL096972/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL62244/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI050050/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM038060/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL062244/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL094463/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL096972/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R21 AI074775/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 28;334(6055):498-501. doi: 10.1126/science.1207478.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22034431" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anticoagulants/*chemical synthesis/chemistry/pharmacokinetics/pharmacology ; Antithrombins/chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Chemical Processes ; Glycosyltransferases/metabolism ; Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight/*chemical ; synthesis/chemistry/pharmacokinetics/pharmacology ; Molecular Structure ; Molecular Weight ; N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases/metabolism ; Oligosaccharides/chemistry ; Polysaccharides/chemistry/pharmacokinetics/pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Racemases and Epimerases/metabolism ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Substrate Specificity ; Sulfotransferases/metabolism
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2011-04-30
    Description: Stem cells cycle through active and quiescent states. Large populations of stem cells in an organ may cycle randomly or in a coordinated manner. Although stem cell cycling within single hair follicles has been studied, less is known about regenerative behavior in a hair follicle population. By combining predictive mathematical modeling with in vivo studies in mice and rabbits, we show that a follicle progresses through cycling stages by continuous integration of inputs from intrinsic follicular and extrinsic environmental signals based on universal patterning principles. Signaling from the WNT/bone morphogenetic protein activator/inhibitor pair is coopted to mediate interactions among follicles in the population. This regenerative strategy is robust and versatile because relative activator/inhibitor strengths can be modulated easily, adapting the organism to different physiological and evolutionary needs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3321266/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3321266/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Plikus, Maksim V -- Baker, Ruth E -- Chen, Chih-Chiang -- Fare, Clyde -- de la Cruz, Damon -- Andl, Thomas -- Maini, Philip K -- Millar, Sarah E -- Widelitz, Randall -- Chuong, Cheng-Ming -- AR47364/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- AR60306/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR042177/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR042177-17/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR042177-18/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR060306/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR060306-02/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR060306-03/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-AR42177/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-AR47709/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 29;332(6029):586-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1201647.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21527712" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/*metabolism ; Computer Simulation ; Hair Follicle/*cytology/*growth & development/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Models, Biological ; Rabbits ; *Regeneration ; *Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/*physiology ; Stochastic Processes ; Wnt Proteins/*metabolism
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2011-09-03
    Description: Diet strongly affects human health, partly by modulating gut microbiome composition. We used diet inventories and 16S rDNA sequencing to characterize fecal samples from 98 individuals. Fecal communities clustered into enterotypes distinguished primarily by levels of Bacteroides and Prevotella. Enterotypes were strongly associated with long-term diets, particularly protein and animal fat (Bacteroides) versus carbohydrates (Prevotella). A controlled-feeding study of 10 subjects showed that microbiome composition changed detectably within 24 hours of initiating a high-fat/low-fiber or low-fat/high-fiber diet, but that enterotype identity remained stable during the 10-day study. Thus, alternative enterotype states are associated with long-term diet.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3368382/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3368382/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wu, Gary D -- Chen, Jun -- Hoffmann, Christian -- Bittinger, Kyle -- Chen, Ying-Yu -- Keilbaugh, Sue A -- Bewtra, Meenakshi -- Knights, Dan -- Walters, William A -- Knight, Rob -- Sinha, Rohini -- Gilroy, Erin -- Gupta, Kernika -- Baldassano, Robert -- Nessel, Lisa -- Li, Hongzhe -- Bushman, Frederic D -- Lewis, James D -- K24 DK078228/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- K24-DK078228/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK050306/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI39368/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- S10RR024525/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- UH2 DK083981/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- UL1RR024134/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 7;334(6052):105-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1208344. Epub 2011 Sep 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. gdwu@mail.med.upenn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21885731" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Bacteria/classification/*isolation & purification ; Bacteroides/classification/isolation & purification ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; *Diet ; Dietary Carbohydrates/administration & dosage ; Dietary Fats/administration & dosage ; Dietary Fiber/administration & dosage ; Feces/*microbiology ; Gastrointestinal Tract/*microbiology ; Humans ; *Metagenome ; Middle Aged ; Prevotella/classification/isolation & purification ; Ruminococcus/classification/isolation & purification ; Time Factors ; Young Adult
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2011-06-11
    Description: Oxygen (O(2)) is a critical constraint on marine ecosystems. As oceanic O(2) falls to hypoxic concentrations, habitability for aerobic organisms decreases rapidly. We show that the spatial extent of hypoxia is highly sensitive to small changes in the ocean's O(2) content, with maximum responses at suboxic concentrations where anaerobic metabolisms predominate. In model-based reconstructions of historical oxygen changes, the world's largest suboxic zone, in the Pacific Ocean, varies in size by a factor of 2. This is attributable to climate-driven changes in the depth of the tropical and subtropical thermocline that have multiplicative effects on respiration rates in low-O(2) water. The same mechanism yields even larger fluctuations in the rate of nitrogen removal by denitrification, creating a link between decadal climate oscillations and the nutrient limitation of marine photosynthesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Deutsch, Curtis -- Brix, Holger -- Ito, Taka -- Frenzel, Hartmut -- Thompson, LuAnne -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 15;333(6040):336-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1202422. Epub 2011 Jun 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. cdeutsch@atmos.ucla.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21659566" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaerobiosis ; *Climate Change ; Computer Simulation ; Denitrification ; *Ecosystem ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxygen/*analysis/metabolism ; Pacific Ocean ; Seawater/*chemistry ; Temperature ; Time Factors ; Water Movements
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2011-12-17
    Description: Cells use both deterministic and stochastic mechanisms to generate cell-to-cell heterogeneity, which enables the population to better withstand environmental stress. Here we show that, within a clonal population of mycobacteria, there is deterministic heterogeneity in elongation rate that arises because mycobacteria grow in an unusual, unipolar fashion. Division of the asymmetrically growing mother cell gives rise to daughter cells that differ in elongation rate and size. Because the mycobacterial cell division cycle is governed by time, not cell size, rapidly elongating cells do not divide more frequently than slowly elongating cells. The physiologically distinct subpopulations of cells that arise through asymmetric growth and division are differentially susceptible to clinically important classes of antibiotics.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3397429/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3397429/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aldridge, Bree B -- Fernandez-Suarez, Marta -- Heller, Danielle -- Ambravaneswaran, Vijay -- Irimia, Daniel -- Toner, Mehmet -- Fortune, Sarah M -- 1DP20D001378/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHS/ -- DP2 OD001378/OD/NIH HHS/ -- P30 AI060354/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P41 EB002503/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jan 6;335(6064):100-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1216166. Epub 2011 Dec 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22174129" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Division ; Cell Wall/metabolism ; Cycloserine/pharmacology ; Escherichia coli/cytology/growth & development ; Isoniazid/pharmacology ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Microfluidic Analytical Techniques ; Mycobacterium smegmatis/cytology/*drug effects/*growth & development/metabolism ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/cytology/*drug effects/*growth & ; development/metabolism ; Rifampin/pharmacology ; Thienamycins/pharmacology ; Time Factors
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2012-07-17
    Description: Predicting when future species extinctions will occur is necessary for directing conservation investments but has proved difficult. We developed a new method for predicting extinctions over time, accounting for the timing and magnitude of habitat loss. We applied this to the Brazilian Amazon, predicting that local extinctions of forest-dependent vertebrate species have thus far been minimal (1% of species by 2008), with more than 80% of extinctions expected to be incurred from historical habitat loss still to come. Realistic deforestation scenarios suggest that local regions will lose an average of nine vertebrate species and have a further 16 committed to extinction by 2050. There is a window of opportunity to dilute the legacy of historical deforestation by concentrating conservation efforts in areas with greatest debt.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wearn, Oliver R -- Reuman, Daniel C -- Ewers, Robert M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jul 13;337(6091):228-32. doi: 10.1126/science.1219013.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22798612" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amphibians ; Animals ; Birds ; Brazil ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Extinction, Biological ; Mammals ; Monte Carlo Method ; Time Factors ; *Trees ; *Vertebrates
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2012-01-17
    Description: Westerly winds in the Southern Ocean have increased in intensity and moved poleward. Using long-term demographic and foraging records, we show that foraging range in wandering albatrosses has shifted poleward in conjunction with these changes in wind pattern, while their rates of travel and flight speeds have increased. Consequently, the duration of foraging trips has decreased, breeding success has improved, and birds have increased in mass by more than 1 kilogram. These positive consequences of climate change may be temporary if patterns of wind in the southern westerlies follow predicted climate change scenarios. This study stresses the importance of foraging performance as the key link between environmental changes and population processes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weimerskirch, Henri -- Louzao, Maite -- de Grissac, Sophie -- Delord, Karine -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jan 13;335(6065):211-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1210270.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chize, CNRS, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France. henriw@cebc.cnrs.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22246774" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Birds/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Body Size ; Body Weight ; Climate Change ; Environment ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; *Flight, Animal ; Geography ; Male ; Oceans and Seas ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction ; Time Factors ; *Wind
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  • 60
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2012-09-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Sep 21;337(6101):1446.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22997300" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *AIDS Vaccines/immunology ; Animals ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/biosynthesis/*immunology ; HIV/*immunology ; HIV Antibodies/biosynthesis/*immunology ; HIV Infections/immunology/*prevention & control ; Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins/immunology ; Humans ; Rabbits
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2012-07-24
    Description: Fluid inclusion data suggest that the composition of major elements in seawater changes slowly over geological time scales. This view contrasts with high-resolution isotope data that imply more rapid fluctuations of seawater chemistry. We used a non-steady-state box model of the global sulfur cycle to show that the global delta(34)S record can be explained by variable marine sulfate concentrations triggered by basin-scale evaporite precipitation and dissolution. The record is characterized by long phases of stasis, punctuated by short intervals of rapid change. Sulfate concentrations affect several important biological processes, including carbonate mineralogy, microbially mediated organic matter remineralization, sedimentary phosphorous regeneration, nitrogen fixation, and sulfate aerosol formation. These changes are likely to affect ocean productivity, the global carbon cycle, and climate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wortmann, Ulrich G -- Paytan, Adina -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jul 20;337(6092):334-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1220656.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Geobiology Isotope Laboratory, Department of Geology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada. uli.wortmann@utoronto.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22822148" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Carbon Cycle ; Carbonates/chemistry ; Climate ; Geologic Sediments/analysis/*chemistry ; Minerals/chemistry ; Nitrogen Fixation ; Phosphorus ; Seawater/analysis/*chemistry ; Sulfates/chemistry ; Sulfur/analysis/*chemistry ; Time Factors
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2012-06-23
    Description: The reliability of Arctic climate predictions is currently hampered by insufficient knowledge of natural climate variability in the past. A sediment core from Lake El'gygytgyn in northeastern (NE) Russia provides a continuous, high-resolution record from the Arctic, spanning the past 2.8 million years. This core reveals numerous "super interglacials" during the Quaternary; for marine benthic isotope stages (MIS) 11c and 31, maximum summer temperatures and annual precipitation values are ~4 degrees to 5 degrees C and ~300 millimeters higher than those of MIS 1 and 5e. Climate simulations show that these extreme warm conditions are difficult to explain with greenhouse gas and astronomical forcing alone, implying the importance of amplifying feedbacks and far field influences. The timing of Arctic warming relative to West Antarctic Ice Sheet retreats implies strong interhemispheric climate connectivity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Melles, Martin -- Brigham-Grette, Julie -- Minyuk, Pavel S -- Nowaczyk, Norbert R -- Wennrich, Volker -- DeConto, Robert M -- Anderson, Patricia M -- Andreev, Andrei A -- Coletti, Anthony -- Cook, Timothy L -- Haltia-Hovi, Eeva -- Kukkonen, Maaret -- Lozhkin, Anatoli V -- Rosen, Peter -- Tarasov, Pavel -- Vogel, Hendrik -- Wagner, Bernd -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jul 20;337(6092):315-20. doi: 10.1126/science.1222135. Epub 2012 Jun 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Strasse 49a, D-50674 Cologne, Germany. mmelles@uni-koeln.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22722254" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arctic Regions ; *Climate Change ; *Cold Climate ; Geologic Sediments ; Ice Cover ; *Lakes ; Radiometric Dating ; Russia ; Time Factors
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2012-07-24
    Description: The sulfur cycle influences the respiration of sedimentary organic matter, the oxidation state of the atmosphere and oceans, and the composition of seawater. However, the factors governing the major sulfur fluxes between seawater and sedimentary reservoirs remain incompletely understood. Using macrostratigraphic data, we quantified sulfate evaporite burial fluxes through Phanerozoic time. Approximately half of the modern riverine sulfate flux comes from weathering of recently deposited evaporites. Rates of sulfate burial are unsteady and linked to changes in the area of marine environments suitable for evaporite formation and preservation. By contrast, rates of pyrite burial and weathering are higher, less variable, and largely balanced, highlighting a greater role of the sulfur cycle in regulating atmospheric oxygen.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Halevy, Itay -- Peters, Shanan E -- Fischer, Woodward W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jul 20;337(6092):331-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1220224.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Environmental Sciences and Energy Research, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel. itay.halevy@weizmann.ac.il〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22822147" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere/*chemistry ; Geologic Sediments/*chemistry ; Iron/chemistry ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/*chemistry ; Seawater/*chemistry ; Sulfates/*chemistry ; Sulfides/chemistry ; Sulfur/*chemistry ; Time Factors ; Weather
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2012-04-28
    Description: Few data are available on how quickly free-living microorganisms evolve. We analyzed biofilms collected from a well-defined acid mine drainage system over 9 years to investigate the processes and determine rates of bacterial evolution directly in the environment. Population metagenomic analyses of the dominant primary producer yielded the nucleotide substitution rate, which we used to show that proliferation of a series of recombinant bacterial strains occurred over the past few decades. The ecological success of hybrid bacterial types highlights the role of evolutionary processes in rapid adaptation within natural microbial communities.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Denef, Vincent J -- Banfield, Jillian F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Apr 27;336(6080):462-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1218389.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22539719" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Bacteria/*genetics ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Base Sequence ; *Biofilms ; *Biological Evolution ; California ; *Ecosystem ; Genome, Bacterial ; Genotype ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Metagenome ; *Mining ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Time Factors
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2012-08-28
    Description: The mammalian gastrointestinal tract contains a large and diverse population of commensal bacteria and is also one of the primary sites of exposure to pathogens. How the immune system perceives commensals in the context of mucosal infection is unclear. Here, we show that during a gastrointestinal infection, tolerance to commensals is lost, and microbiota-specific T cells are activated and differentiate to inflammatory effector cells. Furthermore, these T cells go on to form memory cells that are phenotypically and functionally consistent with pathogen-specific T cells. Our results suggest that during a gastrointestinal infection, the immune response to commensals parallels the immune response against pathogenic microbes and that adaptive responses against commensals are an integral component of mucosal immunity.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3784339/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3784339/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hand, Timothy W -- Dos Santos, Liliane M -- Bouladoux, Nicolas -- Molloy, Michael J -- Pagan, Antonio J -- Pepper, Marion -- Maynard, Craig L -- Elson, Charles O 3rd -- Belkaid, Yasmine -- DK071176/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK64400/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R24 DK064400/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007051/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Z99 AI999999/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Sep 21;337(6101):1553-6. Epub 2012 Aug 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22923434" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acute Disease ; Animals ; Bacteria/*immunology ; Bacterial Translocation ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Flagellin/immunology ; Gastrointestinal Tract/*immunology/microbiology/parasitology ; *Immunity, Mucosal ; Immunologic Memory ; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/*immunology/parasitology ; Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology/parasitology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Metagenome/*immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Th1 Cells/immunology ; Time Factors ; Toxoplasma/immunology/physiology ; Toxoplasmosis, Animal/*immunology/parasitology
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2013-12-21
    Description: X-ray crystallography of G protein-coupled receptors and other membrane proteins is hampered by difficulties associated with growing sufficiently large crystals that withstand radiation damage and yield high-resolution data at synchrotron sources. We used an x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) with individual 50-femtosecond-duration x-ray pulses to minimize radiation damage and obtained a high-resolution room-temperature structure of a human serotonin receptor using sub-10-micrometer microcrystals grown in a membrane mimetic matrix known as lipidic cubic phase. Compared with the structure solved by using traditional microcrystallography from cryo-cooled crystals of about two orders of magnitude larger volume, the room-temperature XFEL structure displays a distinct distribution of thermal motions and conformations of residues that likely more accurately represent the receptor structure and dynamics in a cellular environment.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3902108/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3902108/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Wei -- Wacker, Daniel -- Gati, Cornelius -- Han, Gye Won -- James, Daniel -- Wang, Dingjie -- Nelson, Garrett -- Weierstall, Uwe -- Katritch, Vsevolod -- Barty, Anton -- Zatsepin, Nadia A -- Li, Dianfan -- Messerschmidt, Marc -- Boutet, Sebastien -- Williams, Garth J -- Koglin, Jason E -- Seibert, M Marvin -- Wang, Chong -- Shah, Syed T A -- Basu, Shibom -- Fromme, Raimund -- Kupitz, Christopher -- Rendek, Kimberley N -- Grotjohann, Ingo -- Fromme, Petra -- Kirian, Richard A -- Beyerlein, Kenneth R -- White, Thomas A -- Chapman, Henry N -- Caffrey, Martin -- Spence, John C H -- Stevens, Raymond C -- Cherezov, Vadim -- P50 GM073197/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50 GM073210/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM095583/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM094599/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM094618/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 20;342(6165):1521-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1244142.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24357322" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Crystallography, X-Ray/*instrumentation/*methods ; Humans ; Lasers ; Protein Conformation ; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2B/chemistry/radiation effects ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/*chemistry/radiation effects ; Time Factors
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2013-02-23
    Description: Hosts have numerous defenses against parasites, of which behavioral immune responses are an important but underappreciated component. Here we describe a behavioral immune response that Drosophila melanogaster uses against endoparasitoid wasps. We found that when flies see wasps, they switch to laying eggs in alcohol-laden food sources that protect hatched larvae from infection. This change in oviposition behavior, mediated by neuropeptide F, is retained long after wasps are removed. Flies respond to diverse female larval endoparasitoids but not to males or pupal endoparasitoids, showing that they maintain specific wasp search images. Furthermore, the response evolved multiple times across the genus Drosophila. Our data reveal a behavioral immune response based on anticipatory medication of offspring and outline a nonassociative memory paradigm based on innate parasite recognition by the host.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3760715/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3760715/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kacsoh, Balint Z -- Lynch, Zachary R -- Mortimer, Nathan T -- Schlenke, Todd A -- AI081879/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P30NS055077/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI081879/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 22;339(6122):947-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1229625.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23430653" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Brain/metabolism ; Cues ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/immunology/parasitology/*physiology ; *Ethanol/analysis/pharmacology ; Female ; Food ; *Host-Parasite Interactions ; Larva ; Male ; Memory ; Mutation ; Neuropeptides/metabolism ; *Oviposition ; Time Factors ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Visual Perception ; *Wasps/growth & development
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2013-03-30
    Description: The last step of cell division, cytokinesis, produces two daughter cells that remain connected by an intercellular bridge. This state often represents the longest stage of the division process. Severing the bridge (abscission) requires a well-described series of molecular events, but the trigger for abscission remains unknown. We found that pulling forces exerted by daughter cells on the intercellular bridge appear to regulate abscission. Counterintuitively, these forces prolonged connection, whereas a release of tension induced abscission. Tension release triggered the assembly of ESCRT-III (endosomal sorting complex required for transport-III), which was followed by membrane fission. This mechanism may allow daughter cells to remain connected until they have settled in their final locations, a process potentially important for tissue organization and morphogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lafaurie-Janvore, Julie -- Maiuri, Paolo -- Wang, Irene -- Pinot, Mathieu -- Manneville, Jean-Baptiste -- Betz, Timo -- Balland, Martial -- Piel, Matthieu -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Mar 29;339(6127):1625-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1233866.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 144, Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23539606" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Cell Communication ; *Cytokinesis ; Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport/genetics/*metabolism ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; *Mechanical Processes ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics ; Time Factors ; Tubulin/metabolism
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2013-08-03
    Description: The Y chromosome and the mitochondrial genome have been used to estimate when the common patrilineal and matrilineal ancestors of humans lived. We sequenced the genomes of 69 males from nine populations, including two in which we find basal branches of the Y-chromosome tree. We identify ancient phylogenetic structure within African haplogroups and resolve a long-standing ambiguity deep within the tree. Applying equivalent methodologies to the Y chromosome and the mitochondrial genome, we estimate the time to the most recent common ancestor (T(MRCA)) of the Y chromosome to be 120 to 156 thousand years and the mitochondrial genome T(MRCA) to be 99 to 148 thousand years. Our findings suggest that, contrary to previous claims, male lineages do not coalesce significantly more recently than female lineages.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4032117/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4032117/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Poznik, G David -- Henn, Brenna M -- Yee, Muh-Ching -- Sliwerska, Elzbieta -- Euskirchen, Ghia M -- Lin, Alice A -- Snyder, Michael -- Quintana-Murci, Lluis -- Kidd, Jeffrey M -- Underhill, Peter A -- Bustamante, Carlos D -- 3R01HG003229/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- DP5 OD009154/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP5OD009154/OD/NIH HHS/ -- LM-07033/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG003229/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- T15 LM007033/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 2;341(6145):562-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1237619.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Biomedical Informatics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23908239" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: African Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Y/*classification/*genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; *Genetic Variation ; Genome, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Haploidy ; Humans ; Male ; Mutation ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Time Factors
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2013-06-01
    Description: Plants flower in response to many varied cues, such as temperature, photoperiod, and age. The floral transition of Cardamine flexuosa, a herbaceous biennial-to-perennial plant, requires exposure to cold temperature, a treatment known as vernalization. C. flexuosa younger than 5 weeks old are not fully responsive to cold treatment. We demonstrate that the levels of two age-regulated microRNAs, miR156 and miR172, regulate the timing of sensitivity in response to vernalization. Age and vernalization pathways coordinately regulate flowering through modulating the expression of CfSOC1, a flower-promoting MADS-box gene. The related annual Arabidopsis thaliana, which has both vernalization and age pathways, does not possess an age-dependent vernalization response. Thus, the recruitment of age cue in response to environmental signals contributes to the evolution of life cycle in plants.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhou, Chuan-Miao -- Zhang, Tian-Qi -- Wang, Xi -- Yu, Sha -- Lian, Heng -- Tang, Hongbo -- Feng, Zheng-Yan -- Zozomova-Lihova, Judita -- Wang, Jia-Wei -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 31;340(6136):1097-100. doi: 10.1126/science.1234340.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Shanghai, P R China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23723237" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cardamine/genetics/*growth & development ; *Cold Temperature ; Flowers/genetics/*growth & development ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; MADS Domain Proteins/*genetics ; MicroRNAs/metabolism ; Plant Proteins/*genetics ; Time Factors
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2013-07-06
    Description: A low-error 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing method, in combination with whole-genome sequencing of 〉500 cultured isolates, was used to characterize bacterial strain composition in the fecal microbiota of 37 U.S. adults sampled for up to 5 years. Microbiota stability followed a power-law function, which when extrapolated suggests that most strains in an individual are residents for decades. Shared strains were recovered from family members but not from unrelated individuals. Sampling of individuals who consumed a monotonous liquid diet for up to 32 weeks indicated that changes in strain composition were better predicted by changes in weight than by differences in sampling interval. This combination of stability and responsiveness to physiologic change confirms the potential of the gut microbiota as a diagnostic tool and therapeutic target.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3791589/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3791589/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Faith, Jeremiah J -- Guruge, Janaki L -- Charbonneau, Mark -- Subramanian, Sathish -- Seedorf, Henning -- Goodman, Andrew L -- Clemente, Jose C -- Knight, Rob -- Heath, Andrew C -- Leibel, Rudolph L -- Rosenbaum, Michael -- Gordon, Jeffrey I -- DK078669/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK30292/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK64774/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK70977/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- K05 AA017688/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DK078669/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK026687/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P60 DK020541/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK064773/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK070977/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK030292/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- UL1TR000040/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jul 5;341(6141):1237439. doi: 10.1126/science.1237439.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23828941" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation & purification ; Body Composition ; Caloric Restriction ; Family ; Feces/microbiology ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract/*microbiology ; Genome, Bacterial/genetics ; Genomic Instability ; Humans ; Male ; *Metagenome ; Models, Biological ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Time Factors ; Weight Loss ; Young Adult
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  • 72
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-01-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Qiu, Jane -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 10;343(6167):132. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6167.132.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24408413" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Climate Change ; *Desert Climate ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments ; Tibet ; Time Factors
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2014-02-01
    Description: Plant floral stem cells divide a limited number of times before they stop and terminally differentiate, but the mechanisms that control this timing remain unclear. The precise temporal induction of the Arabidopsis zinc finger repressor KNUCKLES (KNU) is essential for the coordinated growth and differentiation of floral stem cells. We identify an epigenetic mechanism in which the floral homeotic protein AGAMOUS (AG) induces KNU at ~2 days of delay. AG binding sites colocalize with a Polycomb response element in the KNU upstream region. AG binding to the KNU promoter causes the eviction of the Polycomb group proteins from the locus, leading to cell division-dependent induction. These analyses demonstrate that floral stem cells measure developmental timing by a division-dependent epigenetic timer triggered by Polycomb eviction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, Bo -- Looi, Liang-Sheng -- Guo, Siyi -- He, Zemiao -- Gan, Eng-Seng -- Huang, Jiangbo -- Xu, Yifeng -- Wee, Wan-Yi -- Ito, Toshiro -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 31;343(6170):1248559. doi: 10.1126/science.1248559.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Republic of Singapore.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24482483" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AGAMOUS Protein, Arabidopsis/genetics/*metabolism ; Arabidopsis/cytology/genetics/*growth & development ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Division/genetics/*physiology ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Flowers/cytology/genetics/*growth & development ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Meristem/*cytology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Plants, Genetically Modified/cytology/growth & development ; Polycomb-Group Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Stem Cells/*cytology ; Time Factors ; Trans-Activators/genetics/metabolism
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2014-09-27
    Description: Animal behaviors are reinforced by subsequent rewards following within a narrow time window. Such reward signals are primarily coded by dopamine, which modulates the synaptic connections of medium spiny neurons in the striatum. The mechanisms of the narrow timing detection, however, remain unknown. Here, we optically stimulated dopaminergic and glutamatergic inputs separately and found that dopamine promoted spine enlargement only during a narrow time window (0.3 to 2 seconds) after the glutamatergic inputs. The temporal contingency was detected by rapid regulation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate in thin distal dendrites, in which protein-kinase A was activated only within the time window because of a high phosphodiesterase activity. Thus, we describe a molecular basis of reinforcement plasticity at the level of single dendritic spines.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4225776/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4225776/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yagishita, Sho -- Hayashi-Takagi, Akiko -- Ellis-Davies, Graham C R -- Urakubo, Hidetoshi -- Ishii, Shin -- Kasai, Haruo -- DA035612/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- GM53395/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS069720/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM053395/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS069720/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R21 DA035612/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 26;345(6204):1616-20. doi: 10.1126/science.1255514.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Structural Physiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan. ; Laboratory of Structural Physiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan. Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan. ; Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA. ; Integrated Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Systems Science, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan. ; Laboratory of Structural Physiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan. hkasai@m.u-tokyo.ac.jp.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25258080" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Dendritic Spines/*drug effects/physiology ; Dopamine/*pharmacology ; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Electrical Synapses/drug effects/physiology ; Glutamic Acid/*physiology ; Learning/drug effects/*physiology ; Mice ; Neuronal Plasticity/*drug effects ; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases/metabolism ; *Reward ; Time Factors
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2014-12-06
    Description: Serial femtosecond crystallography using ultrashort pulses from x-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) enables studies of the light-triggered dynamics of biomolecules. We used microcrystals of photoactive yellow protein (a bacterial blue light photoreceptor) as a model system and obtained high-resolution, time-resolved difference electron density maps of excellent quality with strong features; these allowed the determination of structures of reaction intermediates to a resolution of 1.6 angstroms. Our results open the way to the study of reversible and nonreversible biological reactions on time scales as short as femtoseconds under conditions that maximize the extent of reaction initiation throughout the crystal.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4361027/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4361027/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tenboer, Jason -- Basu, Shibom -- Zatsepin, Nadia -- Pande, Kanupriya -- Milathianaki, Despina -- Frank, Matthias -- Hunter, Mark -- Boutet, Sebastien -- Williams, Garth J -- Koglin, Jason E -- Oberthuer, Dominik -- Heymann, Michael -- Kupitz, Christopher -- Conrad, Chelsie -- Coe, Jesse -- Roy-Chowdhury, Shatabdi -- Weierstall, Uwe -- James, Daniel -- Wang, Dingjie -- Grant, Thomas -- Barty, Anton -- Yefanov, Oleksandr -- Scales, Jennifer -- Gati, Cornelius -- Seuring, Carolin -- Srajer, Vukica -- Henning, Robert -- Schwander, Peter -- Fromme, Raimund -- Ourmazd, Abbas -- Moffat, Keith -- Van Thor, Jasper J -- Spence, John C H -- Fromme, Petra -- Chapman, Henry N -- Schmidt, Marius -- P41 GM103543/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM095583/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R24 GM111072/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R24GM111072/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Dec 5;346(6214):1242-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1259357.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Physics Department, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA. ; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. ; Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. ; Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA. ; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA. ; Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, University of Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany. ; Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany. ; Hauptman-Woodward Institute, State University of New York at Buffalo, 700 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA. ; Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, University of Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany. Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany. ; Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. ; Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. ; Physics Department, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA. m-schmidt@uwm.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25477465" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/*ultrastructure ; Crystallography, X-Ray/*methods ; Photoreceptors, Microbial/chemistry/*ultrastructure ; Protein Conformation ; Time Factors
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2014-09-27
    Description: The mechanisms that shape plant diversity along resource gradients remain unresolved because competing theories have been evaluated in isolation. By testing multiple theories simultaneously across a 〉2-million-year dune chronosequence in an Australian biodiversity hotspot, we show that variation in plant diversity is not explained by local resource heterogeneity, resource partitioning, nutrient stoichiometry, or soil fertility along this strong resource gradient. Rather, our results suggest that diversity is determined by environmental filtering from the regional flora, driven by soil acidification during long-term pedogenesis. This finding challenges the prevailing view that resource competition controls local plant diversity along resource gradients, and instead reflects processes shaping species pools over evolutionary time scales.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Laliberte, Etienne -- Zemunik, Graham -- Turner, Benjamin L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 26;345(6204):1602-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1256330.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. etienne.laliberte@uwa.edu.au. ; School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. ; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25258078" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Australia ; *Biodiversity ; Biological Evolution ; Drug Combinations ; Oils ; Phenols ; *Plants ; Soil/*chemistry ; Time Factors
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2014-03-08
    Description: With the recent advances in ultrabright electron and x-ray sources, it is now possible to extend crystallography to the femtosecond time domain to literally light up atomic motions involved in the primary processes governing structural transitions. This review chronicles the development of brighter and brighter electron and x-ray sources that have enabled atomic resolution to structural dynamics for increasingly complex systems. The primary focus is on achieving sufficient brightness using pump-probe protocols to resolve the far-from-equilibrium motions directing chemical processes that in general lead to irreversible changes in samples. Given the central importance of structural transitions to conceptualizing chemistry, this emerging field has the potential to significantly improve our understanding of chemistry and its connection to driving biological processes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, R J Dwayne -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 7;343(6175):1108-16. doi: 10.1126/science.1248488.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Atomically Resolved Dynamics Division, The Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24604195" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biochemical Processes ; *Chemical Processes ; Crystallography, X-Ray/*methods ; Electrons ; Motion ; Motion Pictures as Topic ; *Photochemical Processes ; Protein Conformation ; Proteins/chemistry ; Time Factors ; X-Rays
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 78
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-05-24
    Description: Poverty remains one of the most pressing problems facing the world; the mechanisms through which poverty arises and perpetuates itself, however, are not well understood. Here, we examine the evidence for the hypothesis that poverty may have particular psychological consequences that can lead to economic behaviors that make it difficult to escape poverty. The evidence indicates that poverty causes stress and negative affective states which in turn may lead to short-sighted and risk-averse decision-making, possibly by limiting attention and favoring habitual behaviors at the expense of goal-directed ones. Together, these relationships may constitute a feedback loop that contributes to the perpetuation of poverty. We conclude by pointing toward specific gaps in our knowledge and outlining poverty alleviation programs that this mechanism suggests.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haushofer, Johannes -- Fehr, Ernst -- R01AG039297/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 23;344(6186):862-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1232491.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 30 Wadsworth Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Program in Economics, History, and Politics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Blumlisalpstrasse 10, Zurich 8006, Switzerland. Department of Psychology and Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. joha@mit.edu ernst.fehr@econ.uzh.ch. ; Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Blumlisalpstrasse 10, Zurich 8006, Switzerland. joha@mit.edu ernst.fehr@econ.uzh.ch.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24855262" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Affect ; Decision Making ; Humans ; Poverty/*psychology ; *Risk-Taking ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Stress, Psychological/epidemiology/metabolism ; Time Factors
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  • 79
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-12-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dobson, Andy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Dec 12;346(6215):1294-5. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa3441.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (EEB), Eno Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA. dobson@princeton.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25504704" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Communicable Diseases, Emerging/*epidemiology ; *Epidemics ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/epidemiology ; Humans ; *Models, Biological ; *Models, Theoretical ; Time Factors
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2014-11-08
    Description: Insects are the most speciose group of animals, but the phylogenetic relationships of many major lineages remain unresolved. We inferred the phylogeny of insects from 1478 protein-coding genes. Phylogenomic analyses of nucleotide and amino acid sequences, with site-specific nucleotide or domain-specific amino acid substitution models, produced statistically robust and congruent results resolving previously controversial phylogenetic relations hips. We dated the origin of insects to the Early Ordovician [~479 million years ago (Ma)], of insect flight to the Early Devonian (~406 Ma), of major extant lineages to the Mississippian (~345 Ma), and the major diversification of holometabolous insects to the Early Cretaceous. Our phylogenomic study provides a comprehensive reliable scaffold for future comparative analyses of evolutionary innovations among insects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Misof, Bernhard -- Liu, Shanlin -- Meusemann, Karen -- Peters, Ralph S -- Donath, Alexander -- Mayer, Christoph -- Frandsen, Paul B -- Ware, Jessica -- Flouri, Tomas -- Beutel, Rolf G -- Niehuis, Oliver -- Petersen, Malte -- Izquierdo-Carrasco, Fernando -- Wappler, Torsten -- Rust, Jes -- Aberer, Andre J -- Aspock, Ulrike -- Aspock, Horst -- Bartel, Daniela -- Blanke, Alexander -- Berger, Simon -- Bohm, Alexander -- Buckley, Thomas R -- Calcott, Brett -- Chen, Junqing -- Friedrich, Frank -- Fukui, Makiko -- Fujita, Mari -- Greve, Carola -- Grobe, Peter -- Gu, Shengchang -- Huang, Ying -- Jermiin, Lars S -- Kawahara, Akito Y -- Krogmann, Lars -- Kubiak, Martin -- Lanfear, Robert -- Letsch, Harald -- Li, Yiyuan -- Li, Zhenyu -- Li, Jiguang -- Lu, Haorong -- Machida, Ryuichiro -- Mashimo, Yuta -- Kapli, Pashalia -- McKenna, Duane D -- Meng, Guanliang -- Nakagaki, Yasutaka -- Navarrete-Heredia, Jose Luis -- Ott, Michael -- Ou, Yanxiang -- Pass, Gunther -- Podsiadlowski, Lars -- Pohl, Hans -- von Reumont, Bjorn M -- Schutte, Kai -- Sekiya, Kaoru -- Shimizu, Shota -- Slipinski, Adam -- Stamatakis, Alexandros -- Song, Wenhui -- Su, Xu -- Szucsich, Nikolaus U -- Tan, Meihua -- Tan, Xuemei -- Tang, Min -- Tang, Jingbo -- Timelthaler, Gerald -- Tomizuka, Shigekazu -- Trautwein, Michelle -- Tong, Xiaoli -- Uchifune, Toshiki -- Walzl, Manfred G -- Wiegmann, Brian M -- Wilbrandt, Jeanne -- Wipfler, Benjamin -- Wong, Thomas K F -- Wu, Qiong -- Wu, Gengxiong -- Xie, Yinlong -- Yang, Shenzhou -- Yang, Qing -- Yeates, David K -- Yoshizawa, Kazunori -- Zhang, Qing -- Zhang, Rui -- Zhang, Wenwei -- Zhang, Yunhui -- Zhao, Jing -- Zhou, Chengran -- Zhou, Lili -- Ziesmann, Tanja -- Zou, Shijie -- Li, Yingrui -- Xu, Xun -- Zhang, Yong -- Yang, Huanming -- Wang, Jian -- Wang, Jun -- Kjer, Karl M -- Zhou, Xin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Nov 7;346(6210):763-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1257570. Epub 2014 Nov 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK)/Zentrum fur Molekulare Biodiversitatsforschung (ZMB), Bonn, Germany. xinzhou@genomics.cn b.misof.zfmk@uni-bonn.de kjer@aesop.rutgers.edu wangj@genomics.cn. ; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, China. BGI-Shenzhen, China. ; Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK)/Zentrum fur Molekulare Biodiversitatsforschung (ZMB), Bonn, Germany. Australian National Insect Collection, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (Australia) (CSIRO), National Research Collections Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia. ; Abteilung Arthropoda, Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK), Bonn, Germany. ; Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK)/Zentrum fur Molekulare Biodiversitatsforschung (ZMB), Bonn, Germany. ; Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, USA. ; Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 08854, USA. ; Scientific Computing, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS), Heidelberg, Germany. ; Institut fur Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie mit Phyletischem Museum Jena, FSU Jena, Germany. ; Steinmann-Institut, Bereich Palaontologie, Universitat Bonn, Germany. ; 2. Zoologische Abteilung (Insekten), Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna, Austria. Department of Integrative Zoology, Universitat Wien, Vienna, Austria. ; Institut fur Spezifische Prophylaxe und Tropenmedizin, Medizinische Parasitologie, Medizinische Universitat Wien (MUW), Vienna, Austria. ; Department of Integrative Zoology, Universitat Wien, Vienna, Austria. ; Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK)/Zentrum fur Molekulare Biodiversitatsforschung (ZMB), Bonn, Germany. Sugadaira Montane Research Center/Hexapod Comparative Embryology Laboratory, University of Tsukuba, Japan. ; Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, Auckland, New Zealand. ; Center for Advanced Modeling, Emergency Medicine Department, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21209, USA. ; BGI-Shenzhen, China. ; Biozentrum Grindel und Zoologisches Museum, Universitat Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. ; Evolutionary Morphology Laboratory, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Japan. ; Sugadaira Montane Research Center/Hexapod Comparative Embryology Laboratory, University of Tsukuba, Japan. ; Land and Water Flagship, CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, Australia. ; Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. ; Entomology, Staatliches Museum fur Naturkunde Stuttgart (SMNS), Germany. ; Ecology Evolution and Genetics, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia. National Evolutionary Synthesis Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA. Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. ; Department fur Botanik und Biodiversitatsforschung, Universitat Wien, Vienna, Austria. ; Scientific Computing, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS), Heidelberg, Germany. Natural History Museum of Crete, University of Crete, Post Office Box 2208, Gr-71409, Iraklio, and Biology Department, University of Crete, Iraklio, Crete, Greece. ; Department of Biological Sciences and Feinstone Center for Genomic Research, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA. ; Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biologicas y Agropecuarias, Centro de Estudios en Zoologia, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico. ; Leibniz Supercomputing Centre of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Garching, Germany. ; Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. ; Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum London, London, UK. ; Abteilung Entomologie, Biozentrum Grindel und Zoologisches Museum, Universitat Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. ; Australian National Insect Collection, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (Australia) (CSIRO), National Research Collections Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia. ; Scientific Computing, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS), Heidelberg, Germany. Fakultat fur Informatik, Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie, Karlsruhe, Germany. ; California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA. ; Department of Entomology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, China. ; Sugadaira Montane Research Center/Hexapod Comparative Embryology Laboratory, University of Tsukuba, Japan. Yokosuka City Museum, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan. ; Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. ; Systematic Entomology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. ; BGI-Shenzhen, China. Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Princess Al Jawhara Center of Excellence in the Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, China. Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. xinzhou@genomics.cn b.misof.zfmk@uni-bonn.de kjer@aesop.rutgers.edu wangj@genomics.cn. ; Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, USA. xinzhou@genomics.cn b.misof.zfmk@uni-bonn.de kjer@aesop.rutgers.edu wangj@genomics.cn. ; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, China. BGI-Shenzhen, China. xinzhou@genomics.cn b.misof.zfmk@uni-bonn.de kjer@aesop.rutgers.edu wangj@genomics.cn.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25378627" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Genetic Code ; Genome, Insect ; Genomics ; Insect Proteins/*classification/genetics ; Insects/*classification/genetics ; *Phylogeny ; Time Factors
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2014-04-20
    Description: The extent to which biodiversity change in local assemblages contributes to global biodiversity loss is poorly understood. We analyzed 100 time series from biomes across Earth to ask how diversity within assemblages is changing through time. We quantified patterns of temporal alpha diversity, measured as change in local diversity, and temporal beta diversity, measured as change in community composition. Contrary to our expectations, we did not detect systematic loss of alpha diversity. However, community composition changed systematically through time, in excess of predictions from null models. Heterogeneous rates of environmental change, species range shifts associated with climate change, and biotic homogenization may explain the different patterns of temporal alpha and beta diversity. Monitoring and understanding change in species composition should be a conservation priority.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dornelas, Maria -- Gotelli, Nicholas J -- McGill, Brian -- Shimadzu, Hideyasu -- Moyes, Faye -- Sievers, Caya -- Magurran, Anne E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 18;344(6181):296-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1248484.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9TH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24744374" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Birds ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; *Fishes ; Introduced Species ; *Invertebrates ; *Mammals ; *Plants ; Population Dynamics ; Time Factors
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  • 82
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-03-29
    Description: Widely available data on the number of people living outside of their country of birth do not adequately capture contemporary intensities and patterns of global migration flows. We present data on bilateral flows between 196 countries from 1990 through 2010 that provide a comprehensive view of international migration flows. Our data suggest a stable intensity of global 5-year migration flows at ~0.6% of world population since 1995. In addition, the results aid the interpretation of trends and patterns of migration flows to and from individual countries by placing them in a regional or global context. We estimate the largest movements to occur between South and West Asia, from Latin to North America, and within Africa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abel, Guy J -- Sander, Nikola -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 28;343(6178):1520-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1248676.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital (IIASA, VID/OAW, WU), Vienna Institute of Demography (Austrian Academy of Sciences), Wohllebengasse 12-14, Vienna, 1040, Austria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24675962" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Asia, Southeastern ; Asia, Western ; Human Migration/*statistics & numerical data/*trends ; Humans ; Latin America ; North America ; Time Factors ; Transients and Migrants/*statistics & numerical data
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  • 83
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-01-25
    Description: The extent to which ongoing seismicity in intraplate regions represents long-lived aftershock activity is unclear. We examined historical and instrumental seismicity in the New Madrid central U.S. region to determine whether present-day seismicity is composed predominantly of aftershocks of the 1811-1812 earthquake sequence. High aftershock productivity is required both to match the observation of multiple mainshocks and to explain the modern level of activity as aftershocks; synthetic sequences consistent with these observations substantially overpredict the number of events of magnitude 〉/= 6 that were observed in the past 200 years. Our results imply that ongoing background seismicity in the New Madrid region is driven by ongoing strain accrual processes and that, despite low deformation rates, seismic activity in the zone is not decaying with time.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Page, Morgan T -- Hough, Susan E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Feb 14;343(6172):762-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1248215. Epub 2014 Jan 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉U.S. Geological Survey, Pasadena, CA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24457216" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Disaster Planning/history ; *Earthquakes/history ; History, 19th Century ; Midwestern United States ; Time Factors
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  • 84
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-08-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Servick, Kelly -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Aug 15;345(6198):744-6. doi: 10.1126/science.345.6198.744.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25124423" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Congenital Abnormalities/etiology ; Embryo Culture Techniques ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro/*adverse effects ; Fetal Development ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted/*adverse effects ; Risk ; Time Factors
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2014-12-17
    Description: The Chicxulub asteroid impact (Mexico) and the eruption of the massive Deccan volcanic province (India) are two proposed causes of the end-Cretaceous mass extinction, which includes the demise of nonavian dinosaurs. Despite widespread acceptance of the impact hypothesis, the lack of a high-resolution eruption timeline for the Deccan basalts has prevented full assessment of their relationship to the mass extinction. Here we apply uranium-lead (U-Pb) zircon geochronology to Deccan rocks and show that the main phase of eruptions initiated ~250,000 years before the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary and that 〉1.1 million cubic kilometers of basalt erupted in ~750,000 years. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the Deccan Traps contributed to the latest Cretaceous environmental change and biologic turnover that culminated in the marine and terrestrial mass extinctions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schoene, Blair -- Samperton, Kyle M -- Eddy, Michael P -- Keller, Gerta -- Adatte, Thierry -- Bowring, Samuel A -- Khadri, Syed F R -- Gertsch, Brian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 9;347(6218):182-4. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa0118. Epub 2014 Dec 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA. bschoene@princeton.edu. ; Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA. ; Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. ; Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTE), Universite de Lausanne, GEOPOLIS, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. ; Department of Geology, Amravati University, Amravati, India.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25502315" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Earth (Planet) ; *Extinction, Biological ; *Lead ; *Silicates ; Time Factors ; *Uranium ; Volcanic Eruptions ; *Zirconium
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 1980-05-02
    Description: The highly selective, enzyme-activated, irreversible inhibitor of L-ornithine decarboxylase, DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine, suppresses the increase in uterine L-ornithine decarboxylase activity associated with early embryogenesis in the mouse and arrests embryonic development at that stage. Contragestational effects were confirmed in the rat and rabbit. An increase in L-ornithine decarboxylase activity that leads to a rapid increase in putrescine concentration appears to be essential during a critical period after implantation for continued mammalian embryonal growth.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fozard, J R -- Part, M L -- Prakash, N J -- Grove, J -- Schechter, P J -- Sjoerdsma, A -- Koch-Weser, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 2;208(4443):505-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6768132" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase/metabolism ; Animals ; Carboxy-Lyases/*physiology ; Eflornithine ; Embryo, Mammalian/drug effects/*physiology ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Mice ; Ornithine/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Ornithine Decarboxylase/*physiology ; Ornithine Decarboxylase Inhibitors ; Polyamines/metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Uterus/drug effects/*metabolism
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 1980-05-30
    Description: Neurons in deep laminae of the rabbit cingulate cortex develop discriminative activity at an early stage of behavioral discrimination learning, whereas neurons in the anteroventral nucleus of thalamus and neurons in the superficial cortical laminae develop such activity in a late stage of behavioral learning. It is hypothesized that early-forming discriminative neuronal activity, relayed to anteroventral neurons via the corticothalamic pathway, contributes to the construction of changes underlying the late-forming neuronal discrimination in the anteroventral nucleus. The resultant late discriminative activity in the anteroventral nucleus is then relayed via the thalamocortical pathway back to the superficial cortical laminae, promoting disengagement of cortex from further task-processing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gabriel, M -- Foster, K -- Orona, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 30;208(4447):1050-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7375917" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Avoidance Learning/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology/*physiology ; Discrimination (Psychology)/*physiology ; Gyrus Cinguli/*physiology ; Neural Pathways/physiology ; Rabbits ; Thalamus/*physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 1980-05-02
    Description: Analysis of extracts of the bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei showed that both DNA polymerase-alpha and DNA polymerase-beta activities were present. The detection of DNA polymerase-beta in T. brucei demonstrates the presence of this enzyme in unicellular organisms. DNA polymerase-beta is present also in Leishmania mexicana. The DNA polymerases in T. brucei are immunologically distinct from the host enzymes. The structural differences between the parasite and the host enzymes could be exploited for the development of agents to combat parasitic diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chang, L M -- Cheriathundam, E -- Mahoney, E M -- Cerami, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 2;208(4443):510-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7367875" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Centrifugation, Density Gradient ; Chickens ; DNA Polymerase I/analysis ; DNA Polymerase II/analysis ; DNA Polymerase III/analysis ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/*analysis ; Fishes ; Immune Sera ; Leishmania/*enzymology ; Molecular Weight ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Species Specificity ; Trypanosoma brucei brucei/*enzymology
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 1980-10-10
    Description: Amnesic patients acquired a mirror-reading skill at a rate equivalent to that of matched control subjects and retained it for at least 3 months. The results indicate that the class of preserved learning skills in amnesia is broader than previously reported. Amnesia seems to spare information that is based on rules or procedures, as contrasted with information that is data-based or declarative--"knowing how rather than "knowing that." The results support the hypothesis that such a distinction is honored by the nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, N J -- Squire, L R -- 1P50 MH 30914/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH24600/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 10;210(4466):207-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7414331" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alcohol Amnestic Disorder/physiopathology ; Amnesia/*physiopathology ; Electroconvulsive Therapy ; *Form Perception ; Humans ; Learning/*physiology ; *Pattern Recognition, Visual ; Reading ; Retention (Psychology)/physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 90
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-10-17
    Description: The clinical laboratory is examined as a microcosm of the entire health care delivery system. The introduction of computers into the clinical laboratory raises issues that are difficult to resolve by the methods of information science or medical science applied in isolation. The melding of these two disciplines, together with the contributions of other disciplines, has created a new field of study called medical information science. The emergence of this new discipline and some specific problem-solving approaches used in its application in the clinical laboratory are examined.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lincoln, T L -- Korpman, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 17;210(4467):257-63.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6999622" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Clinical Laboratory Techniques/*instrumentation ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; *Delivery of Health Care/economics ; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted/*methods ; Humans ; Information Systems ; Time Factors
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 1980-10-01
    Description: Contrast thresholds for sine-wave gratings of spatial frequencies of 2, 4, 12, and 16 cycles per degree were determined for normal and disabled readers at a range of stimulus durations. Normal readers demonstrated monotonically decreasing sensitivity with increasing spatial frequency at exposure durations between 40 and 100 milliseconds. At exposure durations of 150 to 1000 milliseconds, they showed peak sensitivity at 4 cycles per degree. In comparison, disabled readers showed monotonically decreasing sensitivity with increasing spatial frequency at all stimulus durations. The difference in sensitivity pattern across spatial frequencies was greatest at stimulus durations approximately equal to fixation durations during reading.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lovegrove, W J -- Bowling, A -- Badcock, D -- Blackwood, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct;210(4468):439-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7433985" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Afterimage/physiology ; Dyslexia/*physiopathology ; Humans ; Space Perception/physiology ; Time Factors ; Visual Perception/*physiology
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  • 92
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-10-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lipsky, J J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 3;210(4465):97.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6106286" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antipsychotic Agents/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Norepinephrine/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Research Design ; Schizophrenia/*cerebrospinal fluid/drug therapy ; Time Factors
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  • 93
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-06-27
    Description: Rabbits on a 2 percent cholesterol diet were individually petted, held, talked to, and played with on a regular basis. Measurements of aortic affinity for a Sudan stain, serum cholesterol levels, heart rate, and blood pressure were made at the end of the experimental period. Compared to control groups, which were given the same diet and normal laboratory animal care, the experimental groups showed more than a 60 percent reduction in the percentage of aortic surface area exhibiting sudanophilic lesions, even though serum cholesterol levels, heart rate, and blood pressure were comparable.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nerem, R M -- Levesque, M J -- Cornhill, J F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jun 27;208(4451):1475-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7384790" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aorta/pathology ; Arteriosclerosis/*etiology/physiopathology/psychology ; Blood Pressure ; Cholesterol/blood ; *Diet, Atherogenic ; Heart Rate ; Male ; Rabbits ; *Social Environment
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  • 94
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-08-15
    Description: The effects of a vitamin D deficiency on insulin and glucagon release was determined in the isolated perfused rat pancreas by radioimmunoassay of the secreted proteins. During a 30-minute period of perfusion with glucose and arginine, pancreases from vitamin D-deficient rats exhibited a 48 percent reduction in insulin secretion compared to that for pancreases from vitamin D-deficient rats that had been replenished with vitamin D. Vitamin D status had no effect on pancreatic glucagon secretion. This result, along with the previously demonstrated presence in the pancreas of a vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein and cytosol receptor for the hormonal form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, indicates an important role for vitamin D in the endocrine functioning of the pancreas.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Norman, A W -- Frankel, J B -- Heldt, A M -- Grodsky, G M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 15;209(4458):823-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6250216" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arginine/pharmacology ; Cholecalciferol/*deficiency ; Glucagon/secretion ; Glucose/pharmacology ; Insulin/*secretion ; Islets of Langerhans/*secretion ; Rats ; Time Factors ; Vitamin D Deficiency/*metabolism
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  • 95
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-08-29
    Description: Noradrenergic neurons in the hypothalamus involved in feeding and satiety are activated by gastrointestinal receptors. In the unrestrained rat, sites were first identified at which norepinephrine injected in the medial hypothalamus caused spontaneous feeding, or in the lateral hypothalamus caused no response. The activity of in vivo norepinephrine at these two sites was characterized by localized push-pull perfusion. When a nutrient was infused directly into the rat's duodenum, the synaptic release of hypothalamic norepinephrine was enhanced at lateral sites insensitive to norepinephrine, but suppressed at medial sites reactive to norepinephrine. Thus, signals from duodenal receptors are conceivably sent to the rat's brain to end feeding by way of noradrenergic inhibitory neurons in the hypothalamus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Myers, R D -- McCaleb, M L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 29;209(4460):1035-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7403866" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Duodenum/innervation/*physiology ; Feeding Behavior/physiology ; Glucose ; Hypothalamus/*physiology ; Norepinephrine/*physiology ; Rats ; Satiation/*physiology ; Satiety Response/*physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 96
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-07-25
    Description: Disposal of industrial waste resulted in massive DDT contamination at Wheeler National Wildlife Refuge, Alabama. Nearly a decade after the cessation of DDT manufacturing at the facility responsible, concentrations of DDT residues in the local fauna are still high enough to suggest avian reproductive impairment and mortality. Populations of fish-eating birds are low, endangered species are being exposed, and muscle lipids of game birds contain up to 6900 parts of DDT (isomers and metabolites) per million.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Shea, T J -- Fleming, W J -- Cromartie, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jul 25;209(4455):509-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7394517" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Birds ; DDT/*analysis ; Ducks ; *Industrial Waste ; Lipids/analysis ; Muscles/analysis ; Rabbits ; Species Specificity
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 1980-05-16
    Description: When either taste or odor alone was followed by poison, rats acquired a strong aversion for the taste but not for odor, especially if poison was delayed. When odor-taste combinations were poisoned, however, odor aversions were potentiated, as if odor could gain the enduring memorial property of taste by associative contiguity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Palmerino, C C -- Rusiniak, K W -- Garcia, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 16;208(4445):753-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7367891" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Avoidance Learning/*physiology ; Conditioning (Psychology)/physiology ; Lithium/poisoning ; Male ; Rats ; Smell/*physiology ; Taste/*physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 1980-03-07
    Description: In the normal cat, most cells in area 17 can be binocularly driven. Sectioning the corpus callosum results in a significant reduction in binocularly driven cells. Normal binocular vision is thus dependent on the corpus callosum.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Payne, B R -- Elberger, A J -- Berman, N -- Murphy, E H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 7;207(4435):1097-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7355278" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats ; Corpus Callosum/*physiology/surgery ; Functional Laterality ; Time Factors ; Visual Fields ; Visual Pathways/physiology ; Visual Perception/*physiology
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 1980-05-09
    Description: The transitional epithelium of the urinary bladder secretes and binds to its surface a glycosaminoglycan than inhibits the adherence of bacteria. Synthetic sulfonated glycosaminoglycans instilled intraluminally into bladders whose natural mucin layer has been removed are as effective as the natural mucin in preventing bacterial adherence. It also appears that adherence of calcium and protein is reduced in the presence of both the natural mucin layer and the synthetic sulfonated glycosaminoglycan sodium pentosanpolysulfate, suggesting that the antiadherence activity of both natural and synthetic surface glycosaminoglycans in the bladder extends to the molecular and ionic levels.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Parsons, C L -- Stauffer, C -- Schmidt, J D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 9;208(4444):605-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6154316" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adsorption ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Adhesion ; Environmental Exposure ; Epithelium/physiology ; Glycosaminoglycans/*physiology ; Male ; Mucins/pharmacology ; Pentosan Sulfuric Polyester/pharmacology ; Protein Binding/drug effects ; Proteins/metabolism ; Rabbits ; Urinary Bladder/microbiology/*physiology
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  • 100
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-10-03
    Description: Antidepressants compete at several neurotransmitter receptor binding site, but drug affinities do not correlate with clinical efficacy. Long-term, but not short-term, antidepressant treatment decreases the numbers of both serotonin and beta-adrenergic receptors. The decrease in the number of receptor sites is most marked for [3H]spiroperidol-labeled serotonin receptors and is characteristic for antidepressants of several classes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peroutka, S J -- Snyder, S H -- 5T32GM0309/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- DA00266/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH18501/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 3;210(4465):88-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6251550" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antidepressive Agents/administration & dosage/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Frontal Lobe/drug effects ; Male ; Rats ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/metabolism ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/drug effects/metabolism ; Receptors, Dopamine/metabolism ; Receptors, Histamine H1/metabolism ; Receptors, Muscarinic/metabolism ; Receptors, Serotonin/*drug effects/metabolism ; Spiperone/metabolism ; Time Factors
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