ALBERT

Description: Qhar-khetlu dam reservoir is in the central part of Ijrud city of Zanjan province with a reservoir volume of 500000 and a water volume of 900000 cubic meters, covering an area of 6 hectares and containing 3500 hectares of the watershed in order to control seasonal floods, drinking water in the village, strengthening the aquifers of the area and As a water supply in the dry seasons, 120 hectares of agricultural land was planted for irrigation.Study of this water source with the aim of measuring biological and non-biological factors, determination of aquaculture production and Fish release capacity and fishing capacity for optimal use of fishery management in Zanjan province was done in 2006.The results of hydrochemical analysis of the water of Qharkhetlu dam reservoir showed that the minimum and maximum temperature of water ranged from 4.5 to 26 ° C, the pH of the water was 4.7 to 8.8, the dissolved oxygen was 7.7 to 12.2 mg, the total water hardness fluctuation was 154 194 mg / L and electrical conductivity of 272 to 390 micrometers per square centimeter, the water transparency was 25 to 380 centimeters.In this study, six phytoplankton classes with 31 genera and 3 classes of zooplankton with 14 genera were obtained. The abundance of phytoplanktons was counted from 150,000 to 206,000 per liter, and the average chlorophyll a, 1.10 micrograms, was estimated. The frequency of zooplanktons were 32 to 132 per liter, as well as the mean of 544 per square meter of macrobenthos.By comparing of the physical, chemical and biological factors and also the results of previous studies of this water source, the conditions for the introduction of warm water and cold water fishes including silver carp, big head carp, rainbow trout out and native fishes including species of Barbus and Capoeta genera are suitable. Estimation of Qhar-khetlu dam reservoir production is 80 kg / ha and its production capacity is 484 kg per year.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: A sharp decline in natural population of Caspian brown trout lead to implementing of restocking program in Iran. Along the stock recovery program, the artificial production of this species has been attracted too much attention in recent years. The objective of the study is to assess the effects of protein and energy levels of diet on fish performance, growth efficiency of Caspian brown trout in order to develop a proper diet for production of this species. Six experimental diets were formulated by replacing casein as a pure protein source with fat as an energy source in the diets according to a 3×2 factorial design. The diet was assigned to 18 tanks with 50 fish each, with three replicated for each diet. The experiment was conducted for 8-weeks with Caspian brown trout with an initial body weight of around 7 g. Caspian brown trout demonstrated a better FCR and a larger SGR at lower protein levels (45 and 50%) in comparison to high protein level (55%; P〈0.05). Protein efficiency ratio improved by a decrease in protein content of the diet (P〈0.05), but energy content of diets does not affect any growth related parameter such as FCR, SGR and PER. There was also no interaction between protein and energy levels in the growth related parameters, suggesting the effect of protein on the growth parameters in Caspian brown trout did not depend on energy levels of diet. In conclusion diet containing 50% protein can support the maximum growth. High dietary energy level of the diet dose in cooperate in protein sparing effect.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In order to domesticate Litopenaeus vannamei as a solution to single species shrimp aquaculture of Penaeus indicus and to reduce risk of shrimp culture in emergency cases, this study was carried out. Initially the postlarvae reared from imported L. vannamei were cultured. After culture season the adult shrimps were transported to greenhouse ponds for wintering. It is then relocated to hatchery saloon. After eye stalk ablation and maturation the female brood stocks were introduced to matured male for copulation at ponds. During the study period, male and female shrimps attained full maturation at end – April by temperature over 25ºC, the copulation process was started significantly. Finally of the 12 instances of copulation, one instance resulted nauplii production. The best maturation was observed at 28 ֯C ±1 and salinity30 to 33PPT and pH of 8 to 8.3 Fresh sea worms and squid showed the highest effect on fecundity in brood stocks. Besides, the spring season was obtained to be the best period for brood stock production in Bushehr province.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Following to introduce Vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) into Iran aquaculture industries by fisheries organization its postlarvae were successfully reared in ponds in Bushehr and Choebdeh in Khuzestan. Due to activity of Shrimp site and importance of input and output water quality, this study was done in 11 stations including: two stations in Bahmanshir river, two station in C4 and C5 irrigation canals, six staions in active farms along C4 cannel (Yonesi, Mosavei and Salman Zadeh), and C5 cannel (Mohamadi, Khairi and Ashraf Por) and one staion in output draing were selected. Sampling were carried out from May2009 befor beginning stocking to harvest time in October 2009. Physico- chemical parameters and plankton sampled biweekly and benthic animals and heavy metals were sampled monthly. Some parameters such as pH and temperature by using portable multy parameters and others. Analyzed with standard methods. Heavy metals were measured by plarography method (797 Vamtro). Plankton and benthos samples were studied only in Bahmanshir station. According to results the maximum values for DO (11.1 ppm) PO4 (1.86 ppm) NO3 (8.4 ppm) and TSS (4992 ppm), pH (8.4) NO2 (0.18 ppm) BOD5 (9.06 ppm) were measured. In comparison to aquaculture water quality standards except for TSS in river stations others are located in allowable range. We didn’t observed any main changes in water quality from river to output drainage. The results of biotic parameters in river stations showed that diatoms were the most group of phytoplanktons. Zooplankton groups were Copepods, Rotifera and Protozoa. Tintinids and Nematoda larvae were the most abundant zooplankton. Benthic animals were included nine crustacean species and two annelid species. Isopods with 52% were the most and ant group.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Carp aquaculture is one of Maine potential for commercial and rural development , employing enhancement and earning income .This enterprise which is conducted by using fresh water and unfertile lands have been attended in the country since last seven decades. In accordance to wide area of cultivation in the country, maximum production is about 150000 tonnes in 2010. Establishment of aquaculture center by technical deputy of president, made a suitable opportunity for preparation of carp development road map. In this report, present condition and problems in front of carp development have been analyzed , and regarding to targets of long term country development, projects for research and executive sectors have been prepared.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Use of underground inland water for fisheries aims is improved all over the world. Tilapia is the first candidate for brackish water fish culture and an economic fish based on its biological characteristics. Tilapia was entered to Iran for the first time in November 2008. Bafq area at the center of Iran was licensed by Environment Organization, because of closed underground water resources of the area. Studies showed desired growth and adaptation of Nile tilapia in brackish water earth ponds and fiber glass tanks with high survival and low FCR. Limnological factors were suitable for tilapia culture. All male samples were made using certain doses of methyl testosterone in defined period. Optimum level of protein, fat and energy were determined for the best growth and food performance of cultured tilapia. Environmental program was presented to prevent environmental problems. However, studied shoed tilapia culture had not negative effects in the area. Economical performance of tilapia culture project was desirable. Tilapia was successfully introduced to some private fish farms in June 2011. Tilapia culture may improve in center of Iran after environmental surveys.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Menmiopsis leidyi was entered into Caspian Sea from Black Sea and mass population constitutes in the southern Caspian Sea. In this surveys, the relationship between length and wet weight measured and length and weight followed by this equation: n= 384, R^ 2=0.87 w= 0.003 L^ 9005 . The relationship of dry and wet weight calculated, in this surveys, the ratio of dry weight to wet weight was equal to 1.615% in 12 salinity. In vitro, the clearance rate at 12 and 27 C were 52.48 and 107.33 ml/h, respectively, daily ration at above temperatures were 1.98 and 16.65 respectively. Mnemiopsis leidyi can feed Acartia in accordance to 16.5 mg/1gbw (body weight) at 27 C in one day. The average digestive time in 12 C and 27 C were 77.50 min and 36 min respectively. The digestive value in 27 C was 2.5 fold than 12 C . The result indicated that clearance rate, daily ration and digest were increased in high temperature. Stomach content of Mnemiopsis leidyi was shown that this organism utilized from Acartia and Balanus, in addition, stomach content of kilka including two species of zooplankton from the southern Caspian Sea. Stomach contents of clupeonella cultiventris contain more than 54 percent of Acartia and its nauplii. This frequency observed in cluponella engrauliformis and clupeonella grimmi. On basis of zooplankton sampling in the sea, over 90 percentage of zooplankton populations contain Acartia.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: According to achieve sustainable production in shrimp farming industry, it is necessary to provide the relief of producers through insurance. Aquaculture faces various environmental conditions such as unpredictable climate changes, epidemic diseases, harsh water factors, that may affect the production cycle, and impact on producer's life. In this research, the effects of various factors on production of cultured shrimp have been studied. The project conducted through completion of questionaries by random selected of small scale farms, and all large farms which engaged in production in that years. In order to increase the accuracy of responses, special questionnaires provided to fill in by expertise experts.All data explained the share of management and natural factors on production process.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Sabzkooh in Ardal and Gandoman region in Charmahal province with annual production of 1300 metric tons of rainbow trout, is one of the most important rivers in the province. The effects of fish farms effluent on the river water quality and the possibilities to develop or limit the existing ones were studied. Flora and fauna of the river including Phyto and zooplankton, macroinvertebrates and fishes were sampled and studied. Moreover some key physico-chemical water quality parameters, concentrations of stable pollutants (heavy metals: Zn, Cu, Fe, Pb, Cd and agricultural poisons (herbicides or pesticides: DDT, Lindane, Alderine and indosulfate) and Coliform contamination were also measured. All phytoplankton genus were of tow taxa, Cianophyta and Chrysophyta and zooplankton fauna belonged to Rotatoria, Protozoa and meroplanktonic chirinomids and nematodes. Four fish species from 3 families were identified of which rainbow trout had the highest relative frequency (94.6%).All the measured heavy metals including Zn, Cu, Fe, Pb, Cd and the agricultural poisons concentrations such as DDT, Lindane, Alderine and indosulfate were lower than the hazardous level suggested for the surface waters. According to the benthic macroinvertebrates populations study, stations at downstream (no. 6 and 7) which received the Chartakhteh and Rudarud farms effluent had least EPT richness and the hilsenhof family level biotic index at this locations was greater than 5.25, classifying them as having organic pollution. Even though measured key physico-chemical parameters such as nutrients (N and P compounds and BOD5) in the receiving stations and effluent water never exceed the maximum permitted range but in downstream stations these factors were very close to the range. One way analyze of variance (P 95%) for TN, TP, No2, NH4, BOD5, pH, PO4 and Ec revealed no significant differences between stations before and just after receiving the effluents, however these parameters in the effluents themselves significantly differ from upstream stations 1,2 and 3 proving relatively lower organic pollution and the potential for constructing new farms or expanding the existed ones in upstream region from Chartagh to Dehnoo. At downstream from Dehnoo to Rudarud and lower parts, dense trout farm effluents in addition with point and non point pollution (municipal, agricultural and other coming run off from the catchments area) had remarkable effects on the river water quality and as a result no farm construction or expansion is recommended. To avoid or reduce the existing farms effects on the river system there should be certainly some remediation actions carried out. Constructing sedimentation ponds before releasing the effluents, obeying the rule of water extracting, preventing fish escape, increasing feeding efficiency and controlling the lateral inlets from catchments area which are potentially pollutant, should be considered to improve the situation and prevent further environmental problems caused by fish farms effluent in these area.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Striped grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) is a marine fish with high commercial value and widespread distribution. The grey mullet and some other mullets can be found in saltwater, brackish and fershwater habitats at tropical, subtropical and also temporal climates.This species is suitable for aquaculture worldwide due to living in wide ranges of water temperatures and salinities, acceptable growth rate, suitable food conversion ratio, marketability, suitable species for polyculture with shrimps, marine fish and even with freshwater carps. The grey mullet is farming in different countries such as Italy, Northern Africa countries ( Egypt), occupied Palestine, India, Pakistan, Japan, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Vietnam, Indonesia, coastal countries of southern pacific ocean and Hawaii. Ten thousands of fries of this species (average weight and length of 280 mg and 28.3 mm respectively) imported in March 2008 from Egypt. The wild fries colleted from surrounding natural waters of Alexandria. After finishing the quarantine steps, they stocked in four earthern ponds (each with 2500 m2) located at the Gomishan shrimp educational centre at late march in 2008. At the first year of culture the densities were 5000 and 10000 individuals per hectar and each treatment with two replicates. At second years densities changed with 2000 and 2500 ind./hec. and each of traetments divided fishes with average primary weights of 80 and 115 grames. The fries and fish feeding begins in April when the water temperature rise above 18 °C and it cut in fall when the temperature goes under 20°C. They fed twice a day at 8 AM and 2 PM and the amount was 5-7 percents of the fish existent biomass in each ponds. They fed with dry formulated feed made of Mahdaneh Karadj Company (Danso dry feed) both the first and second years of farming. The feed prepared for carps feeding and containded 23±2 % crude protein, 10 ±2 % crude lipid, about 7 % crude fiber, 15 % ash, 40 ±2% carbohydrates and with energy content of 4000±200 kcal/kg. After seven months culture period the average weight and length of fish in treatment 5000 ind./hec. were 113.7 gr and 21.1 cm respectively and in treatment 10000 ind./hec. the average weight and length were 86.6 gr and 19.6 cm respectively. At first year the average survival rate in different treatments was 77 percent. The average FCR in treatments 5000 and 10000 ind./hec. were 3.4 and 3.9 respectively. At second years after six months culture the average weights in pond no. 9 (with primary weight 115 gr and density 2000 ind./hec) , pond no. 10 (with primary weight 80 gr and density 2000 ind./hec) , pond no. 11 (with primary weight 115 gr and density 2500 ind./hec) and pond no. 12 (with primary weight 80 gr and density 2500 ind./hec) calculated as 476.6 ,338.1, 366.5 and 440 gr respectively. The average survival rate and FCR were 93 % and 3.1 respectively. Ponds no. 9 and 11 (fish stocked with primary weight 115 gr in densities both 2000 and 2500 ind./hec) selected as the best economic efficient treatments.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Feeding habits of three dominant species of tuna fishes (Thunnus tonggol, Thunnus albacares, Euthynnus affinis) and dominant species of sardine (Sardinella sindensis) were investigated from December 2006 to November 2007 in the western waters of Oman Sea. Seasonally samples of three species of these tuna and monthly samples of sardine were collected. Feeding studies on 101 longtail tuna (T.tonggol) indicated that the bony fishes were main food of this species (98.3%) and followed by random foods included cephalopods (1.7%) and crustaceans (1.7%). Among the bony fishes, anchovy (66 %) and sardines (25.9 %) were most important than the other fishes. FI and CV for this species were calculated 26.4 and 21.8 respectively. Stomach content analysis of 85 specimens of E.affinis demonstrated that bony fishes were only food for this species (100%). Sardines (49.3%) and anchovy (11.9%) were foremost food items for E.affinis. Moreover FI and CV were calculated 64.7 and 15.3 correspondingly. The stomach of 120 yellowfin tuna (T.albacares) were analyze. Results showed that bony fishes,cephalopods and crustaceans were formed food items of this species .Yellowfin tuna were preferable fed on bony fishes (87.7%) specially sardines(41.2%),flying fish(13.9%)and M.cordyla(10.4%) and followed by cephalopoda (43.8%) specifically Loligo sp.(84.5%) and crustaceans(11.2%) . FI and CV were calculated 38.3 and 25.8.Study on 320 stomachs were determined that zooplankton and phytoplankton formed food of S.sindensis. Zooplankton (crustacean and molluscs) were main food (90%) and phytoplankton (Bacillariophyceae and Dynophyceae) were least food items (10%). Copepoda (crustaceans) with 58% were preferable food and bivalves and after that bivalves (molluscs) with 14%, Bacillariophyceae (8%) and Cyanophyceae (2%) CV and FI were 30.3 and 29.4 respectively.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The effects of added artificial substrates on juvenile white Indian shrimps (Penaeus indicus) were evaluated. .....

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The research was carried out to investigate phytoplankton, zooplankton and Ichthyoplankton of Khamir, Laft in the western parts of Hormozgan Province and Tiab, Yekshabeh in the eastern parts of it for one year from March 2015 to November 2016. The aim of the study was to achieve seasonal changes of phytoplankton, zooplankton and Ichthyoplankton and compare them among estuaries. In order to achieve this goal, four stations were determined and seasonally sampled. Phytoplankton was taken 2 liter by bottle from 0.5 m below water surface, Zooplankton sampling was done by using standard plankton net with 55 micron mesh size that well equipped with flow meter by horizontal pulling and Bongo Net with 300 micron mesh size used for Ichthyoplankton sampling. During the study, 80 species of phytoplankton were identified, including 53 species, 24 species Dinophyceae, Cyanophycea 2 species and 1 species belonging to Dictyochophyceae. East and West estuaries had the 63% similar percentage of phytoplankton and results showed that 54 Bacillariophyceae genus were common in two regions. The Tiab estuary showed an average 21524±5903 cells/L of phytoplankton high density. Zooplankton was identified with eight phylum. The study of seasonal variations showed that in all seasons crustacean had higher density than other groups. Four copepods orders were identified which the calanoid had higher density and distribution in compare to others. 19 families of the larvae were identified and 69/99% similarity was also observed between estuaries of two region. Glupeidae, Gobiidae, Engraulidae and Scianidae families were abundant than other families. Shannon-Wiener, Maraglef and Evenness biological indices were found higher in west than the East estuaries. The results showed values were the highest in laft estuary, respectively H'= 3/22, d=7/11 and J'=0/72. The lowest biological indices in Tiab estuary, respectively H'= 2/233, d= 4/109 and J'= 0/597. The estuaries in the West had more diversity and eveness. The highest and lowest of biological indices were obtained (d= 5/948 and H= 2/759) and (d=2/825, H=0/830 and J=0/249) in the winter and summer, respectively.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The aims of this project was to inform and aware about the red tide condition before entering the algal bloomer in water resources to the hatcheries and farmed shrimp complexes in Bushehr province coastal. Field investigation and sampling have been carried out in the southern of the input water channels of Mond, Delvar and Helleh farmed shrimp complexes, which are located along the coastal of Bushehr Province, from April to December 2011 .The physic-chemical parameters such as pH, salinity and water temperature and also meteorological conditions were measured and recorded on the field. The water sampling has been lunched for determination of nutrients and chlorophyll - a, phyto- and zoo- planktons. No Cochlodinium.sp outbreaks have been detected in the studied area, during the study. The only bloom which reported by a fisherman, was outbreak in offshore of Bushehr province in Khoure Khan on 13th September 2011. The sample which transferred to the Iranian National Shrimp Research Institute was included Alexandrium.sp and its density was 2 million cells per liter. The identified phytoplanktons were belonged to three order of Bacillariophyceae (52.6%) with average density of 10778 cells per liter, Dinophyceae (37.7%) with density of 7731 cells per liter and Cyanophyceae (9.7%) with density of 1980 cells. 12 genera belonged to Dinophyceae , 25 genera of Bacillariophyceae and two genera of Cyanophyceae were observed during the study. The highest density of phytoplankton was recorded in Helleh station by 18374 cells per liter. The maximum density of phytoplankton was at Delvar station by 141120 cells per liter in December. The highest density of the phytoplanktons was belonged to Dinophyceae by 126000 by cells per liter of which the Alexandrium.sp had the density of 124500 cells per liter in August 2011. From the Dinophyceae the Alexandrium.sp with mean density of 20345 cells per liter, Ornithocercus 920 cells and Prorocentrum.sp 820 cells were the predominant species. The identified Zooplankton in were belonged to 8 branches and 19 groups. The highest density of zooplankton was recorded in Helleh station by 1194 no. per liter. Nauplii were the dominant zooplankton groups with an average density of 136.4 no. per liter, Tintinnids 98.7, Cyclopoida 60.8, Calanoida 35.7 and Harpacticoids 14.5 no. per liter . The average of water and air temperature was recorded 29.4 °C and 28.3 °C, respectively. Average of salinity was 41.2 and pH was 8.46. The average of depth in all stations was 5.7 m. The mean concentrations of silicate, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia and total phosphate were 1.99, 0.03, 0.009, 0.14 0.15 ppm, respectively and the average of chlorophyll - a was 0.94 mg.m-3.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Study of survey health management and diseases in hatcheries and fish farms can help us to knowledge and application control methods such as: prevention, treatment and increase high levels of production in hatchery and farms, finally. This survey carried out from 2005 to 2008 for 4 years in sturgeon hatcheries and farms of Golestan province. Sturgeon fishes include Huso Huso, Ship sturgeon, Acipenser persicus collected and for virology, bacteriology, fungius and hematology examined. Also, physicochemical parameters measured and recorded in different stages of culture. Results of this study showed that all of samples in virology was negative and did not observe any doubetful causes. In bacteriology CFU was variation from 3/9 ×105 to 6/9×10. The most parasites that detected in this survey was Cocolanus espherolanus , Sceria binopsulus semiarmatus and Amphilina fuliacea that separates from Acipenser Percicus, especially. The results about hematology parameters some important hematological indices of ship sturgeon include: The total RBC for female and mail specimens measured as 5.3±1.5 ×105, 4.8±0.5 ×105 per mm 3 respectively. The amount of haematocrit and hemoglobin for female and mail determined: 34.3±2.8, 35±1.4 percent and 10.3±0.9, 8.9±0.8 gr/dl .The MCV: 216.3± 96.2, 736.5± 102.5, MCH: 720.2±309.5, 186±0.7 and MCHC: 30±0.8, 25.5±3.4 percent respectively.The total WBC were (female, male): 21320±1054, 20580±777 per mm 3 and neutrophil: 16.4±2.5, 17±1.4 percent and lymphocyte: 74.4±2.4, 73.5± 0.7 percent and eosinophil: 6±1.4, 6.4±0.5 percent, monocyte: 2.8±0.8, 3.5±0.7 percent. There was not any significant differences (p〉0.05) between mentioned parameters in male and female (students t-test). Also evaluation of hematological parameters in bluga ( Huso huso) include: total RBC were (male , female) 5±0.3 ×105 , 4.9±0.6 ×105 per mm 3 ,respectively and hematocrit: 33.2±6.7 , 35.4±3.4 percent and hemoglobin: 11.2±1.5 , 12.2±1gr/dl and MCV: 669.9±172.2, 723.9±982.4 and MCH: 226.2±42.5, 249.5±35.4 and MCHC: 34.1±2.4, 34.6±3.6 percent respectively. The totals WBC were (male, female): 24800±707.1, 23042±1375.4 per mm 3 and neutrophil: 18.5±0.7, 21.4±1.1 percent and lymphocyte: 73.5±1.4, 68.4±1.1 percent and eosinophil: 5±2.8, 7±1.2 percent and monocyte: 3.5±3.5, 3.2±0.8 percent. According to statistically study the count of lymphocyte had significant difference between male and female fish and this count in male was higher than female. (p≥0.05).

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This investigation conducted for evaluation Silo (Cylindrical) Fish Tanks as an applicable method for aquaculture of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Current research was designed in two practical phases as accidental experiments through 3 treatments and repeats of which stocked by three Rainbow trout (375 gr) densities as 75, 100 and 125 fish/m3 in 9 silo fish tanks (2 m3). For better understandings of the silo performance method, concrete circular fish tanks (similar volume) considered as controls and stocked as similar fish densities as silo tanks. The duration of the first phase of experiment was 150 days. The second phase of the experiment was determined for evaluating two proposed silo type (Inlet and outlet in bottom side / Inlet from bottom and outlet in upper side). In this stage, proposed silos (stocked by fish of 294 gr weigh) tested for rearing trout for 30 days. Water supplied from two surface wells after some aeration operations. Stocked fish were fed by pellets made by Fish Feed Chineh Company (Ltd) in Iran. Feeding operation conducted according to the recognized manuals by consideration of water temperature, fish weight and biomass. Meanwhile, biometry operation conducted in 10 days intervals while fish were anaesthetized. In addition, water quality was determined by daily measurements. According to the results of the first phase of experiment, there were significant variations on Growth rate, survival rate, FCR, FCE and SGR through the cultured organisms in silo tanks compared to the circular tanks. Meanwhile, according the results of an economic study on this survey, the fish culture in silo tanks showed significant economical and profitable in compare to controls. In additions, the second phase of experiment showed better aeration conditions in silo tanks when inlet water supply from bottom side and outlet located in upper side. Because of the fine distribution of fish in silo tanks and more usage of depth by this method, fish culture would be an applicable and profitable technique in narrow lands and slopes through the mountains area. The maximum stocking rate recorded more than 100 Kg fish/m3 in silo tanks.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Mnemiopsis leidyi is one the species of comb-jelly. It belongs to the Ctenophore phylum and lobate order. Mnemiopsis leidyi first appear in the Black Sea in 1980s and reached to the biomass levels up to 1.5-2 kg m2 in the summer of 1989. This species is food rival of pelagic fish. It has been reported that the ctenophore caused the dramatic decrease of zooplankton and pelagic fish stock in the Black Sea. In this study, sampling on Mnemiopsis leidyi, zooplankton and phytoplankton started from July to December 2002 from a total of 2 stations located Anzali and Khazarabad by METU net in the Iranian Coasts of the Caspian Sea. Experimental studies on Mnemiopsis have indicated that Mnemiopsis begins to produce eggs in the Caspian Sea, when it reaches length about 15 mm. Although eggs were obtained even from specimen with 12 mm length and weight of 0.5 g. The most abundant size of reproducing Mnemiopsis was 20-30 mm in the Caspian Sea. Average fecundity of M.leidyi in the Caspian Sea was 1174±741 eggs/day with maximum 2824 eggs/day for specimens with length group of 30-39 mm and the weight about 2.0-2.7 g. Percentage of hatched eggs was not high in experiments with M.leidyi the range from 9 to 92 % after 24 hours. The maximum produce egg of M.leidyi measured with mean 845±733 eggs/day in Salinity of 11 ppt and the minimum egg recorded with mean 2 eggs/day in salinity of 4 ppt. The results showed that the biomass of M.leidyi had some fluctuation in different months and its maximum biomass was recorded in August with a figure of 384±156 g.m2 and the minimum biomass was observed in December with a figure of 87±46 g.m2. The gut contents of Mnemiopsis leidyi showed a wide variety of prey including 84 % of zooplanktons and 16% of Phytoplanktons. The most abundance of intaked foods was Acartia (belong to Copepoda) with 34 % and the least was podon polyphemoides (belongs to Cladocera) with 0.74 %. Also 3.0 % of fish eggs and 4.2 % of Lamllibrachia were found among stomach contents. The young specimen (5〈 mm) consumed more zooplanktons and phytoplanktons comparing to adult ones. Copepoda was dominant zooplankton in the Iranian coasts of the Caspian Sea. Fecundity of Mnemiopsis showed correlation to the length and wet weight in the Caspian Sea and reproduction of M.leidyi was done small size in comparing with other area in the Caspian Sea. Salinity, water temperature and food availability is the most important factor in producing eggs in M.leidyi. It seems, that Mnemiopsis leidyi feeding has been one of the most important factor in declining zooplankton populations and Clupeonella stocks.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The effects of aquaculture industry on the environment were evaluated by studying the water quality of Bushehr costal water during culture season 2005 and 2006. The variations of selected parameters such as total phosphorus, ammonia, chlorophyll a, pH, salinity and... Were monitored in effluent canal, influent canal and open sea in Helleh and Mond regions as monthly. Following occurrence of White Spot Disease (W.S.D) in the shrimp ponds of Bushehr province, shrimp culture suspended and entrance of effluent waters completely were blocked since August 2005, despite the absence of aquaculture sewage evaluation of environment and sampling were continued. During releasing of sewage of shrimp ponds to the coastal waters of Bushehr in Jun 2005, the average amount of ammonia in Helleh and Mond were obtained to be 0.161 mg/l and 0.194 mg/l, however the average amount of total phosphorus in Helleh and Mond regions were 0.149 mg/l and 0.043 mg/l, respectively. Although effluent water suspension, amount of ammonia and total phosphorus were increased in both region especially in June 2006. Comparing present data in Jun 2005 and recorded data from culture period 1997-2003 with permitable range of municipal and aquaculture waste show that; aquaculture industry on both regions have not had any obvious negative effect on the coastal waters of Bushehr but it seems if other sources of pollutions in the region is not controlled, then the aquaculture industry can contribute to occurrence of environmental problems.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In 22 August of 2000 an adequate amount of fresh cow manure was transported form Golshahr Cow Farm and deposited in the experiment site. The transported manure was divided equally between five treatments of siloes, depots without plastic coverage, depots with plastic coverage, barrels and tubes. Deposited manures retained in the treatments till 20 May 2001. During the retention time, sampling from three points of cow farm and other treatments carried out with monthly intervals and samples were analyzed for determination -of Ca, Na, NDF. ADF. crude protein, crude fat, moisture; crude fiber, minerals, dry mater and NFE. Temperature, pH and redox potential were measured in situ and all data were analyzed statistically by SAS general linear models. The results showed that month and treatment exert significant effects (P〈0.01, on the variations of the most measured parameters. Depots with plastic coverage had highest mean temperature and then there were depots without plastic coverage, siloes and barrels, respectively. “The temperature increased significantly in the first month of retention but showed some fluctuations in subsequent 4-5 months and then remained relatively constant till the end of experiment period. Depots without plastic coverage showed highest moisture. Optimum moisture value of 40-50 percent obtained for siloes and depots with plastic coverage. Lowest Ca and highest Na values were measured in fresh manure of the cow farm. In two first month of retention time NDF decreased significantly in most treatment but increased subsequently and reached maximum 'percentages during 5-6th month of retention. In first month of retention ADF showed significant decrease in most of treatments but increased in further months and reached to maximum percentage after 4 month retention. In siloes, depots without plastic coverage, and depots with plastic coverage the percentages of protein and fat reduced significantly in the first month of retention, modified during subsequent 6 months and reach valuable percentages. Depots with plastic coverage showed maximum and most suitable protein and fat percentages of about 9 and 2.75 percent after 6 months retention. The percent of crude fiber decreased to minimum level after 3, 5 and l, retention months in siloes, depots without plastic coverage, and depots with plastic coverage and barrels respectively. Values of surface pH in siloes, depots without plastic coverage vice versa of other parameters were minima of 7.1-7.5 at the beginning of retention time that reached to 7.8-8.4 after 4 retention months. The pH of cow farm mostly was more than other treatments. Amount of redox potential in cow farm, siloes, depots without plastic coverage, depots with plastic coverage and barrels fluctuated between -48 to -109, -84 to -12, -62 to -22, -86 to -30 and -65 to -21 millivolt. The minimum levels were at beginning of period and the maximum levels obtained after 4 months of retention in treatment I and 2, after 3 months in treatments 3 and after 5 months in treatment 4. Therefore with care to extent and terns of parameters changes in variation treatments, depots with plastic coverage can introduce the best retention conditions during 4-6 months for decomposition of organic manure for usage in aquaculture.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Recently, the development of aquaculture has focused on the use of seawater, because of freshwater crisis in the world. Whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus Vannamei) is one of the most important species for aquaculture development, because of tolerance and adaptation to different ecological conditions. One of the advantages of species in aquaculture, compatibility status is dense in the rearing period. In this study, the effect of different densities (45/m2 , 50/m2 , 55/m2 and 60/m2 ), of primary stock whiteleg shrimp postlarvae (PL12) on the growth and survival rate were evaluated. Brackish water (10.52±0.43 ppt) was providing from Caspian Sea. The experiments were performed in 12 circular concrete pond with a sandy bed (area: 78m2 ) in four treatments and three replications for each treatment. The experiments performed in a 75-day period. In this study, the water temperature was 27.4±1.79°C. The results showed statistically difference in growth parameters and survival rate among experimental treatments (Duncan test, P〈0.05). Therefore, with high levels of density, has decreased the amount of weight gain and survival rate (SR), specific growth rate (SGR) and average daily growth (ADG). In addition, the treatments were different variations of FCR (P〈0.05) and not depend on the primary stock density of postlarvae. In low density (45/m2 ) were observed the highest growth (SGR=11±0.04 and ADG=0.25±0.01 gr/day/ind.), survival rate and calculate the amount of production per 78m2 equal 43.6±3.3kg (5596±433kg/ha). Therefore, It is possibility that there is commonly increasing primary stocking of density about L. Vannamei postlarvae culture in Iran.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This study was carried out in North of Persian Gulf from 2001 to 2002. Sampling was done in two transect (6 stations) in different depth in Khuzestan coastal waters. Some environmental parameters such as temperature, salinity, pH, DO, density, EC and chlorophyll a by CTD instrument and also Nutrient were measured. Phytoplankton was collected with Niskin sampler from 4 layers 0.5, 20, 50 meter and 2 meter above the bottom. Zooplankton and benthic fauna sampled by Pump and Peterson grab respectively. Physical and chemical parameters were showed little fluctuation during the year. The highest variation ranges were observed in: temperature (17.7-33.8), pH (5.3 - 7.2), DO mg/lit (2.9 -7.5), turbidity (3.8-16.3), salinity (39.4-40.9). The most frequent phytoplankton was observed in classes of: Bacilariophyceae (62%), Cyanophyceae (29%), and Dinophyceae (16%).The most frequent genus of each phytoplankton group were Rhizosolenia, Nitzschia, and Pluerosigma. Occurrence of phytoplankton decreased from surface water to depth layers and then increased near the bottom. The highest diversity and evenness indexes were in spring, summer and winter respectively. The most abundant of zooplankton were founded 5 groups included: Crustacean, moullsca and polycheata larvae, protozoa and some a few Chaetognaths. The most frequent groups of zooplankton were Copepod (62.9%); Moullsca larvae (26.1 %) and the most abundant of copepod genus were: paracalanus, Oncea, Oithona, Microsetella. Zooplankton in off shore stations were more than near shore stations. The most abundant of benthic groups were: Amphipoda (25%), Bivalve (18%), and polycheata (17%). The type of sediment in all stations was silt - clay. Max. and Min. anmount organic matter was 47.18% and 15.3% respectively.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The present project in related to survey of factors and hydrology and hydrochemical features (water temperature, dissolve oxygen saturation, pH, clearance, salinity, nitrogen, phosphorus and silicon) hydrobiology (zooplankton, phytoplankton, macrobenthos) and survey of bio environment pollution (oil, heavy metal, detergent) executed in lower 10m in different water larger in southern Caspian Sea in 2002-2003. For sampling 8 lines number were vertical on coast that selected from Astra in west to Gomishan in east in southern Caspian Sea basin. The result indicated the average physical factors such as pH were 8.11 and salinity12.12 ppt ,and disolve oxygen6.7 mg/l. Average chemical factors such as NO2 , NO3 and NH4 were 1.2 µg/l, 25.7 µg/l, 13 µg/l respectively.Total nitogen and organic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen were 690.2 µg/l , 667.6 µg/l , 41.6 µg/l. Average silicat were recrded 266.35 µg/l . Total Phosphorus was observed 37.35 µg/l and average of organic Phosphorus concentration was and 20.25 µg/l .Average of Total organic matter (T.O.M) was 4.98% maximum amount were observed in Lisar and minimum in Nooshahr . Concentration of heavy metal during sampling were respectively ,Fe〉Mn〉Zn〉Cr〉Ph〉Co〉Cd〉Cu. Maximum concentration of Fe were determined in winter in Nooshahr and Babolsar respectively 13/3 µg/l 17/1 µg/l. In many stations and different Season, the amount of heavy meta were lower standard of in marine water. The concentration of oil hydrocarborate ( PAHs) in autumn was 0/13 ppb and in winter 0/12 ppb. The amount of ( PAHs) in Southern Caspian Sea were Lower than other parts of Caspian Sea. The average of detergent concentration ( LAS) was 0/036 µg/l that was two fold higher than determined in 2001. Total 107 species of phytoplankton belong to 5 phylum were identified. The numbers of species of phytoplankton groups were respectively, chrysophyta (42 species), cyanophyta (17 species), pyruphyta (17 species), chlorophyta (21 species) and euglenophyta (9 species). The maximum diversity of phytoplankton observed in summer and minimum in autumn. High diversity of chrysophta and cyanophyta observed in summer and phyrophyta and chrlophyta in spring. The composition of phytoplanhkton groups were respectively, chrysophyta (70%), phyrophyta (9%) and chlorophyta (7%) and euglonophyta (1%). Maximum density of phytoplankton was observed in autumn and minimum in winter. Total 19 species of Zooplankton were identified. Maximum diversity was observed in summer and minimum in winter. Zooplankton changes during sampling, showed amount of density of zooplankton in 5m were more than 10 m depths. Total (17 species macrobenthos were identified. The composition of macrobenthos groups were respectively , Annalida (92/7% ) , Bivalvia (2/7%) gumarida (108%) cumacea ( 1/5%) , Balanidae 103% . max . density were observed in Astara and min . in Sefied roud Average of density were 1218 0/851 ind /m2 and biomass 14 15 g/m2 High density were recorded in autumn and low density in winter . Correlation of phytoplankton and zooplankton with physicochemical parameter and also relation between total organic matter and sediment grain size were calculated.Ecological indicies (simpson diversity evenns diversity and shanoon-wiever diversity) were calculated for macrobenthos. Data were shown impact of cetenephora (Mnenemiopsis leidyi) on zooplankton and phytoplankton and macrobenthos density.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This study was carried out in continuation of previous studies on artificial reefs monitoring in Khozestan coastal waters. The main purpose was the zoo species composition on and around the artificial reefs. Sampling was done from May 2012 to April 2013, from 4 stations in artificial reefs area. Reef structures were sampled by scuba diving. Physical and chemical parameters were measured and water quality status was determined by using WQS index. Zooplankton and macrozooplankton communities were sampled by 100 and 300 micrometer mesh size nets respectively. Benthic animal's samples from sediments around of the reefs body were collected by Ekman grab. Sediment characters, TOM and grain size were analyzed by using ignition loss and size series sieves methods respectively. Secondary production of macrobenthic animals based on dominant species length classes was estimated. Ichthyological information recorded by diver (census and video recording) and Gargoor traps were used for fishing effort calculation .Except for nitrite parameter (p〈0.05) in different stations and silica parameters (p〈0.05) in different months, other parameters were not shown significant differences in studied stations and months. The mean of zooplankton density was (914±52) N/m3 and the Copepoda species were the most abundant group (235 ±10) N/m3.Anosim analysis showed no significant differences in reefs specie composition. Different Crustacean groups were included more than 82 percent of macrozooplanktons communities. Among macrozooplankons, the mean density of decapoda, branchiopoda and copepoda were 302, 296 and 191.5 N/m3 respectively. The mean density of macrobenthic animals was 418±90.26 N/m2 and mollusk, crustacean and polychaets were the most abundant benthic animals respectively. During the study period, total macrobenthos biomass 11.37 g-wet/m2 and its mean value 2.84 g -wet /m2, were estimated. Annual production for polychaets and crustacean groups 154g-wet/m2 and 182 g-wet/m2 were estimated respectively. Annual production of total macrobenthic animals was about 675 g-wet/m2/y. According to sediment analysis, the range of silt-clay (8.7-95.6)% and seasonal mean TOM (4.47-13.25)% were calculated in studied stations. According to attached organisms biomass (wet weight), Cnidarian Anthozoa class with (88)% was the most abundant and then sponge (10)%, Cnidarian Hydrozoan class and arthropoda each one with 1% were included total attached organisms. Due to high biomass of Anthozoa species the most abundant mean was observed in spring season. The Malacostraca group especially Crustacean (72)% was the main mobile animals on reef bodies and then Echinodermata (Ophiurida and marine Orchids) (18)%, Mollusca (Bivalves and Gastropods) (4)% and Polychaets (3)% were the main mobile organisms. The range of Shannon diversity index was (3.22-3.46) and (2.44-3.38) in studied stations and months respectively.Totaly in studied area, the number 15 fishes species were observed and Sparidae family with 3 species were the diverse fish family.The fish Hamour (Epinephelus coiodes,Seranidae) (87)% was presented in all studied months and stations. After Hamour the Neopomacentrue sindensis and Diplodus sargus Kotschyi were the most abundant fishes. The maximum and the minimum of hamour catch per unit effort were in reef B in spring and reef C in autumn respectively .Data comparing showed that except for nitrite the other physical and chemical parameters were observed in the same range by 2005-2007 study. According to obtained results, Zoo communities in different part of ecosystem showed greater diversity than to past years and in comparing to mudflat coastal waters in Khozestan waters, new ecosystem has been created in the region. High diversity of different animal groups that were disperses in water column in early phases of its life and need to settlement to substrate to continuing the life were observed in area. Attached animals plays an important role in biological and ecological characters in the coastal area.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Without Abstract.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In order to the physical and chemical factors, planktons identification, determination of Chlorophylla and primary production in lake on study wad conducted, behind the Halilrud dam in Jiroft city. For this purpose 5 station selected and sampling was performed seasonally. Compersion of physical, chemical factors and planktons were done by duncan multiple test range. Studied factors had the suitable value for fish culture. In classes of Chrysophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and, Chlorophyceae had the most frequency respectively. Totally 49 phytoplanktons genus were identified which 18, 14,8,5 and 3 genus were related to Chlorophy ceae, Bacillariophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Dinophyceae and Chrysophyceae, genus respectively. Nitzchia and Navicula in Bacillariophyceae, Chlorococcum, Pediastrum, Staurastrum and Tetradron in Chlorophyceae, Spirulina, Chroococcus, Phormidium in Cyanophyceae and Dinobryon in Chrysophyceae had the most frequency. From Various group of zooplankton, Copepoda, Naplius, Cladocera, Rotifera (Brachinus, Keretella), Trichuridae were identified in winter season and Rotifera was the most of all. Chlorophylla had not significant difference in 9 seasons but it had significan difference in 5 depthes. Increasing in depth causes to decrease chlirophyla. The most chlorophylla was in 0.5m depth (4.7 mg/m3 ) and the least chlorophyllla was in 20m depth(0.82mg/m3) primary production in lake was calculated by chlorophylla equal to 154 kg/ha/year.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Aquaculture is the most important part of Fisheries Organization duties in Iran. During several planning and developing programs, aquaculture productions had a considerable growth. Due to good potential, these productions were higher than the planed one. The North Alborz regions were investigated by four groups of experts. The regions which investigated were including 3 important provinces (e.g. Guillan, Mazandaran and Golestan). The area where investigated was 940 km along with coastal zone of Caspian Sea or 58678 km2 in total. Around 27% of aquaculture production came from this region. However, subdivision of fisheries can play important role in the economics in the region. The fisheries sub-sector has an important role in the economy of the region, and despite the great potential for agriculture and tourist industries in the North Alborz, there is a significant role in the prosperity of the fisheries activities. In the present study shows that Mazandaran and Guillan provinces has more potential in reservoirs and aquaculture production when compared with other provinces. Productions in Mazandaran either in reservoirs were less than Guillan province. Due to lee in reservoirs, Mazandaran had less investment when compared with Guillan province. The figures show that carrying capacity of aquaculture production for 3 provinces (Mazandaran, Guilan and Golestan) was higher than other provinces in the entire country. Due to, large land base, less investment, more interesting of farmers, no needs of complicated technology, farmer would be able to develop reservoirs as consequences to enhance productions. However, developing reservoirs and supporting of it's; can increase the contribution of warm water species in inland water.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In order to obtaine live individuals of cobia ( Rachycentrun canadum ) , coastal waters of Jask, Sirik, Kolahi , Bandar Abbas, Bandar-e Lengeh ,Bandar-e Bostaneh and Abu moosa ,Hormoz and Qeshm Islands have been surveyed from March 2008 to January 2010 in Northern waters of Persian Gulf (Hormozgan province). All in all 60 alive fishes obtained from fishing boats and transferred to Aquaculture Department of Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecological Research Institute (PGOSERI), but 50 of them died and only 10 fish survived. They divided in two groups and cultured in separated concrete tanks. Fished were fed with trush fish twice a day at a feeding rate of 4-5 percent of body weight. Culturing period last about 6 months. All the fishes gradualy died through the culturing period. Average of specific growth rate in group 1 and 2 were about 0/49 and 0/77 respectively. The weight gain for group 1 (WG) was %75 for 75 days of calturing time and % 142 for 190 days of culturing time while for group 2 it was %31 for 54 days of culturing time and % 75 for 190 days . Average weight of fishes belong to group 1 reached from 950(g) to 2150 (g) during 6 months, while group 2 reached from 872(g) to 1271/5 (g) in 3 months. Feed conversion rate (FCR) for group 1 and 2 were respectively about 6.9 and 6.8. With regard to cost of trash fish (about 2000 Rials per kilogram trash fish) the per unit feed cost of cobia production were 13613 and 13730 Iranian Rials per kilogram, respectively for group 1 and group 2. Results revealed that obtaining live individuals of cobia is very difficult and also cobia didn t grow well in concrete tanks but if we have better coopreration of local fishermen and also provide some Equipment such as cages in order to rear cobia in the sea , it is possible to achive more succes and obtaining better results .

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The "fisheries and aquaculture industry innovation system" is one of the subsystems of Agricultural innovation system (AIS), also has many characteristics of that system .Since this section contains most of the components and AIS institutions, it can be examined as a part of the national innovation system. Due to the structure of the innovation system in the fishery system, a set of functions and institutions of this system are most important .It is therefore important that the system be analyzed and by reviewing the existing state institutions and functions of this system, the main problems and challenges identified. Understanding of the institutions and functions of fishery innovation system and analyze its problems and provide an improved model for fishery innovation system, is most activity in shaping major policy innovation in fishery sector. This step is very important to conduct innovative activities in the fishery sector. In this study, using a system perspective, the current status of the various factors affecting fishery development was assessed and the main drivers and challenges and solutions to improve the detection and analysis was provided. The results show that during the past eighty years, a number of research centers and educational institutions in the public sector have been developed .but this system, despite having considerable institutional capacity, is still in the middle stages of institutional development. In these years, the policy approach was linear, not system approach, so little attention has been to the development of science and technology intermediary institutions, coordinator organizations, venture capital funds, and the institutions of technology transfer ,particularly in the public sector.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Aquaculture of sturgeon species and their hybrids is being considered as an important substitution for sturgeon catch due to highly decrease of natural populations, artificial propagation and fingerling release in the sea. In this study, big bester, a new hybrid sturgeon (female beluga × male bester) was produced for the first time in IRAN. Sperm of 7350 ± 1682 kg male bester was used to fertilize the eggs of one 54 kg female Huso huso. The fries of big bester and control trestment of beluga were fed by artificial concentrated food (48-50% protein and 15-17% fat) after egg yolk absorbance, a period of feeding on Artemia and Daphnia. Results showed that rearing and feeding of bester broods was efficient to reach the fish to maturation stage and there is an opportunity to collect qualified ova and sperm from F1 generation. Meanwhile sex determination and maturity assessment of gonads were successfully done via laparoscopy method. The comparison of produced big bester fingerlings with control beluga fingerling showed that the weigth of big bester fingerlings has not significant difference with beluga's (p〈 0.05) at the age up to 2 months.At 3 months of age, beluga fingerlings showed higher weight (p〉0.05), but there are faster growth rate in big bester fingerlings from 3 months of age up to 5 months (p〉 0.05) in comparison with belugs fingerlings. Meanwhile no statistically significant difference was found between length of big bester and beluga fingerlings among any age. The results of current study showed the potential of rearing male bester to produce matured broods and collection of their sperm for big bester production.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The Caspian Sea is the largest lake, both by its area and volume. Zooplankton are very important in the food web since many animals eat them.The Sampling was done in 4 transacts in Anzali, Tonekaboun, Noushahr and Amirabad at 3 different depths including 5, 10 and 20 m. Sampling was carried out in four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter in 2013. The annual changes of zooplankton was between 392±113 ind./ m3 in autumn (Amirabad) to 8065±11735 ind./ m3 in winter (Amirabad). The lowest density of zooplankton in the spring was 2207 ind./ m3 in Anzali. The density of zooplankton in Tonekabon and Amirabad was 2.0 and 2.8 fold more than other transects respectively. The results showed that the abundance of zooplankton in summer was between 1964±470 ind./ m3 (Amirabad) to 5706±6088 ind./ m3 (Tonekabon). The biomass was 30.02, 52.22, 22.98 and 18.31 in Anzali, Tonekabon, noshahr and Amirabad respectively. The abundance of zooplankton in the autumn reached the lowest value. The lowest value was 392 ±113 ind./ m3 and 3.71± 0.19 mg/ m3 (Amirabad) and highest value was 2280 ±1435 ind./ m3 and 20.23 ± 14.50 5mg/ m3 (Anzali). The highest density was observed in Amirabad (8065 ind./ m3 ) and Anzali (8061 ind./ m3 ) in winter. The aim of this study was diversity, distribution, density and biomass of zooplankton in the southern of Caspian Sea.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Aquaculture activity is restricted mainly to rainbow trout in cold waters and carps in warm waters in inland waters of Iran as well as Fars Province. Probably for this reason saline waters of south and southeast Fars have not been used for aquaculture. These rivers are ecosystems with a diverse biota, it is predictable that can be found some there endemic aquatic organisms with a potential for aquaculture. Finding a suitable organism can help increase wise use of this natural resource, and local production and recruitment. However, it is highly needed to investigate various environmental elements prior to any use to obtain an estimation of the environmental consequences, parallel to finding usage potentials. In This study, we investigated Dehram saline river in south of Fars Province. Hydrological and physiographical properties, chemical composition of the river, and aquatic populations were sampled and measured monthly in 3 stations in one year. Salinity, electrical conductivity, and total dissolved solids increased from station 1 to 3, reaching from 6.6 g/L, 14.3 g/L, and 12800 µs/cm to 13.5 g/L, 17.7 g/L, and 16500 µs/cm, respectively. Dissolved oxygen and oxygen saturation were higher in station 3, and in autumn and winter. Nitrite showed lowest values in winter (0.006 mg/L) and highest values in spring (0.013 mg/L). Nitrate showed the lowest concentration in station 3 (0.43 mg/L), but no differences were seen among seasons. Ammonium showed no differences among stations or seasons. Phosphate levels in station 1 and 3 were 0.13 mg/L‌to 0.17 mg/L, with the highest level (0.29 mg/L) seen in the spring. Five species of fishes were identified in the river, which all were widely favored by local people. Some of these have been categorized as edible in previous studies, others as ornamental. On the other hand, intensive growth of an algal species throughout the river demonstrates a potential for algal cultivation. Significant role of algae in production of food for both man and livestock is now well recognized in aquaculture industry.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Hamoun fish, Schizothorax zarudnyi, is an indigenous species of the eastern waters of Iran, which is exclusively found in this region. However recently drought occurrence in the Chahnimeh reservoirs (a semi natural water body) making them vulnerable to extinction. As an appropriate action to address this problem and according to the 3 side contract between Italian Government – UNDP - Islamic republic of Iran Government and the Italian government financial support to reduce poverty in the Province of Sistan-Baluchestan through the reinforcement and dissemination of aquaculture activities the project was developed at the Hamoun Research Unit by the Chahbahar Fisheries Research Center to record the breeding normative of 1 g weight larvae for restocking and other researching purposes. 331 broodstocks of the indigenous species Shizothorax zarudnyi weighing 800-2450 g were collected from the Chahnimeh reservoirs in early autumn, 2006. From 5/3/2007 ( the project is supported and communicated on 2010) , Ovulation was stimulated with three stimulators; pituitary extract (3-6 mg kg-1 body weight), GnRH-A (20-30 mg kg-1 body weight) and anti dopamine (10-15 mg kg-1 body weight) that was given in 2-3 doses to breeders. Of 169 injected breeders , some were injected On mid March of 2007 (12-13 ºC water tempreture) responded to the injection 25% ,while the rest were injected On April of 2008 (14-16 ºC water tempreture) responded to the injection 65%. In the present project of 167 breeders 82 were female and 87 male. Totally 30 female breeders released their eggs in different stages. 20 female breeders released their eggs completely, 3 breeders released half of their eggs and 7 released 1/3 of their eggs. The male breeders just injected in the final dose of hormontrapy and all were ready for releasing sperms however the ovulation in female breeders occurs between 353-428 h ºC and after the final dose of injection. Ripe eggs were stripped from the females and fertilization was done by the dry method. Fertilized eggs were transferred to veis incubators and troughs. Incubation period for eggs differs and larvae hatch out after about 910 days at an average water temperature of 12.5 °C. Maintained at 13-14 °C, complete absorption of yolk sac in Shizothorax zarudnyi larvae occurred after 5-8 days. Larvae were fed with a mixture of powdered milk and egg yolk in this stage followed by decapsulated Artemia cysts and nauplii of Artemia and then on formulated starter diets used for carps . Because the ponds were not ready, larvae were maintained in troughs for about ten days before they were transferred to two 1200 m2 earthen ponds where they reached a body weight of about 1 g. They were then handed over to the Iranian Fisheries department in the region. Larvae were fed with the starter feed SFCO in the earthen ponds. About 350 thousand larvae were stocked in two earthen ponds. Based on the results of present study and other studies we may conclude that artificial breeding in Schizothorax can be successfully achieved at 14-16 ºC in flow through systems using hormone therapy (combination of GnRha and anti dopamine) and larvae could be easily cultured in earthen ponds. However this species exhibits lower growth rates as compared to carps its high expenses could have an important role in economical feasible.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This study was carried out in the North of Oman Sea in parts of Iranian waters during pre-monsoon and post monsoon seasons between 2007 and 2009. Number of 10 transects were chosen from coastal to maximum 50 meter depth. Cruise was done with Fredous ship and Rosette bottle multi watersampler was used for sampling. A phytoplankton community in the North of Oman Sea included in 204 species and divided in six taxonomic divisions: Bacillariophyceae (89 species), Dinophyceae (105species), Cyanophyceae (6species), Dicthyochophyceae (2species), Euglenaphyceae and silicoflagellate each (1species) respectively. Density decreased in most transects from inshore toward offshore waters and maximum density was in surface layear.Significant differences between each transects were found. Dinophyceae and Bacillariophyceae were dominant in pre-monsoon and post-monsoon respectively throughout two years. Important genuses of diatoms are Rhizosolenia, Chaetoceros, Pleurosigma, Coscinodiscus, Gyrosigma, Nitzscha, Navicula, and Leptocylindrus. And also there were Dinophyceae like: Scrippsiella, Pyrophacus, Gymnodinium, Pyrodinium, Prorocentrum, Cochlodinium, and Noctiluca. Phytoplankton density in the post-monsoon were recorded higher than pre-monsoon, furthermore phytoplankton density in 2009 was more than 2007. Cochlodinium polykrikoides density increased in 2009 especially in the pre-monsoon then dropped to post-monsoon season. Zooplankton population in this study is characterized by 8 phylum, 8 classes, 15 orders, 35 families and 78 genuses. Copepoda was the most abundant group of zooplankton and included in 4 orders of Cyclopoida, Calanoida, Poecilostomatoid and Harpacticoida. The static result showed significance among different transects layers and lines. In this study, 31 ichthyoplankton families with different density and distribution were recorded. In the pre-monsoon eight families was identified and Scainidaea family had the highest density and also in postmonsoon 6 families was classified in which scainidae was dominant family. In pre-monsoon 2009, we found 8 families that Pomacentridae family had higher density; Hemiramophidae was in the second position and followed by Clupeidae. In post-monsoon season density and diversity were increased and 23 families were recorded. Myctophidae family was the most abundant. The highest frequency there was other important families like Engraulidae, Synodontidae, Scainidae, and Leiognathidae in this period. Result of this study indicated that the monsoon was important and effect on abundance, distribution and species composition of plankton.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Inland water aquaculture activity have been known as an important approach for protein production while reservoir lakes recognized to have a significant potential for this purpose. Zanjan province in Iran with several dam reservoirs is suitable for aquaculture development. This study was conducted on biotic and abiotic factors of two lakes Shovir and Mirzakhanlo in order to determine aquaculture potentially of reservoirs. This two lakes located on different climatic region; Shovir located in region of semi arid area with very cold weather in winter, while Mirzakhanlo is in semi humid area and warm weather characteristic. In this study the plankton, benthos and fishes were assessed and the 15 hydrochemical factors were measured in order to determine the fisheries potential for fish introduction or release. The results showed that the phytoplankton abundance of Mirzakhanlo varied between 1.6 to 45.2 million cell/l. with 32 identified genus. The zooplankton abundance varied between 48 to 632 n/l. and 22 identified genus. The abundance plankton in shovir varied between 1.350 to 34.2 million cell/l. and 240 to 4500 n/l. for phyto and zooplankton respectively. Macrobenthos biomass were 21.4 and 0.34 g/m2 in Shovir and Mirzakhanlo lakes respectively while Chironomidae and Tubificidae families were dominant groups. The lake sediment organic matter were 4.3 and 3.2 % respectively. In ichtiology survey identified 5 and 7 species in Mirzakhanlo and Shovir lakes respectively. The hydro-chemical results indicated no restriction for aquaculture activity and according to trophic model both lakes are recognized as meso-eutrophic and eutrophic. Despite of climatic restrictions, the potential for fish production was estimated about 321 and 151 kg/ha for Shovir and Mirzakhanlo lakes respectively that can be improved by using agricultural and the other native facilities.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This survey was designed in the Helleh region, to understand effects of aquaculture industry on coastal waters of Busher, in 2000. Sediment and water samples were collected from effluent canal, influent canal and sea during the 7 month period (harvest and post harvest season). The variations of selected water quality parameters were controlled monthly. Results show that, in effluent canal, estimated parameters of water was higher than other stations every month, and tend to decreased after being discharged into the sea and got closed to normal level. Comparison of above data with permit able range of municipal and aquaculture waste and comparison of present data with data of normal condition of region, show that, aquaculture industry of Helleh region has not had any obvious negative effect on the coastal waters of Bushehr, in the culture year of 2000.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The culture of Iranian Shrimps began in Bushehr in 1372. Early the green or the pink tiger shrimp (Penaeus semisulcatus) which were found in most habitats of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea were considered in breeding and reproduction, but due to reproduction difficulties, it was rather replaced by the Monodun imported species, then the production of the white shrimp Metapenaeus affinis and Then P.merguensis in some southern areas of the country such as Hormozgan has began in small scale,but none of these species couldn't meet the economical needs of the consumer society and they were not indelible and dominant enough in the shrimp aquaculture industry of the country until breeding of Indian White Shrimp (Fenneropenaeus indicus) has began in large scale in the provinces of Khuzestan and Bushehr, which are seen as the heart of shrimps reproduction and breeding, and in Hormozgan and Sistan. the incidence of white spot viral syndrome (White Spot Syndrom Virus) led to the import of the western white leg shrimp from the USA (P.vannameii) by the Iranian Fisheries Research Organization (IFRO) in 1383, at the present all southern and northern breeding farms of the country (fundamental measures has been carried out in line of shrimp reproduction in Gorgan province in 1386) has put the breeding of this shrimp species as the single breeding species at top of their agenda. The subject of feeding the breeding shrimps is widespread and regarding to the non-proprietary species there are still some species which contain high protein than the other species in studying the different shrimp species requirements. In Iran due to the scarce factories producing the shrimp's food, the alimentary compound of the breeding shrimps during industrializing years of this type of breeding even after the non-aboriginal western white leg shrimp species being inclusive was stable and through different biological processes including: Naplies which feeds from its yalk and by entry into zoa stage start eating only small-sized phytoplankton. And by entry into the stage between zoa and mysis it feeds from phyto and zooplankton simultaneously and entering the post-larva stage it stars sarcophagi. and after 15 post-larva stage entering the growth and transition stage to earthen ponds feeding by concentrated industrial foods in large and small packages depending on young and adult mouth and due to feeding requirements of every stage the alimentary compound is nearly as follows: Digestible protein, energy, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals will start and the final product will be released in market Or they will be used in the later years of laying eggs and feeding for brood stock. In feeding section the details of every stage and their food's nutritional needs at each stage and will be fully described.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Accurate scientific and practical plan for achieving the goals of the Islamic Republic of Iran within the framework of Vision development 1404 , is the infrastructure achieving sustainable development of the country . Order to achieve the above mentioned objectives and in order to the comprehensive development plans in the country, Iranian fisheries research organization adjust the fifth developing plan for support of executive related departments in country with mobilization a large number researchers consists of several working groups of ifro affiliated research centers . The fifth developing plan consist of three chapters for report of the forth developing plan and intrudction of research , construction plans and financial support (budjet) for period of 2011-2014 A.C .

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In order to introduce a new sturgeon hybrid to aquaculture industry, the possibility of hybrid production by crossing between Siberian and Persian sturgeons and its comparison with its pure parents using morphometric, molecular, cytogenetic and growth performance were conducted. For this purposes eggs and sperms of two pairs of Persian and Siberian sturgeon were collected and reciprocal crosses with 4 treatments were conducted. In treatment 1, Persian sturgeon as control (male and female of Persian sturgeon), treatment 2 (as type I hybrid) from crosses of male Persian sturgeon with eggs of female Siberian sturgeon in treatment 3 (type II hybrid) using crosses between male Siberian sturgeon and female Persian sturgeon and finally treatment 4 by crossing male and female of Siberian sturgeon were used. For each treatment 200 gr. of eggs were fertilized with one ml. of sperm and morphological, meristic parameters of parents and offspring were recorded. For growth comparison of fingerlings of control and hybrids in 3 different phases were measured. In phase (I), larvae rearing from 46 mg. up to 6600 mg. were conducted for a period of 10 weeks. Samples were collected once every two weeks and biological parameters were recorded. In rearing phase II for a period of 330 days, growth comparison were conducted for fish from 6.5 gr. to 750gr. and biological parameter were recorded once every month, where daily growth rate (gr./day), FCR, Specific growth coefficient (percentage per day), increase of body weight, food efficiency and protein efficiency ration were analyzed. In rearing phase (III), from 600 gr. to 2000 gr. for a period of 43 weeks, similar to phase (II) all biological parameters were analyzed, where 26 morphometric and meristic parameters of pure and hybrid parents and offspring were compared both for individual and ratio status of parameters. For genetic analysis and variation between control and hybrid specimens the microsatellite analysis were conducted. For this purposes, genomic DNA were extracted from fin tissues of brood stocks and fingerlings and 10 pairs of specific primers (Afug 56, Afug 63, Afug 241, Afug 229, OX 27, Afug 686, Afug 195, Afug 12, IS 68 and Afug 160) were used. Then PCR Products were electrophoresed on 6% polyacrylamide gel and then were stained with Nitrate silver and alleles were evaluated based on its length (base pair). Cytogenetic analysis and number of chromosome of control fish and hybrid were compared using white blood cell culture method and chromosome spread of parents as well as offspring were prepared by Gimsa staining and were visualized under light microscope. For sexual gonad development, laparoscopic method with light camera (Model M-CAM 1700) were used to differentiate 34 pieces of control and hybrid fish and gonad status of ovary and testis were analyzed. In present investigation the results indicate that, in phase (I) of larvae culture, a significant differences were observed after 10 weeks of feeding (p≤ 0.05) in hybrid and control groups. Maximum growth rate were observed in Siberian sturgeon larvae, followed by type I hybrid, type II hybrid and Persian sturgeon larvae. In phase (II) , growth rate of Persian sturgeon were lower than Siberian sturgeon. For period of 330 days of rearing periods, the control Siberian sturgeon had 1.4gr. weight increment per day, while Persian sturgeon had only1. gr./day. However the hybrid type (I) had an average daily growth of 1.5gr/day and lower growth performance were observed in type II hybrid with daily growth of 1.5 gr./day. In phase (III), growth rates were varied at different age group. The daily growth rate of Siberian sturgeon was 4.5gr/day, while is control Persian sturgeon was 2.6 gr/day. The Siberian sturgeon within 47 weeks of rearing grown from 655 gr. to 2016 gr., however Persian sturgeon for the same period reached from Siberian sturgeon with male’s Persian sturgeon had higher type II hybrid showed opposite results for the same growing period and reached from 640 gr. to 1680 gr. In conclusion of growth performance can be stated that the hybrid from crosses between female Siberian sturgeon with male Persian sturgeon presented highest growth rate in comparison to control hybrid. This excellent achievement can be considered as a big step toward sturgeon aquaculture for meat and Caviar production. In analysis of morphometric characters 26 parameters were investigated which in 18 parameters showed significant differences (p≤ 0.05) which indicate clear distinguish able of hybrid performance in compare with parents where Siberian sturgeon has longer snout compare to Persian sturgeon and its size are intermediate in hybrids. In relative ratio of characters, out of 9 characters totally 7 characters showed significant differences (p≤ 0.05). In molecular analysis using microsatellite primers totally 400 DNA samples of hybrid as well as the control fish were investigated. Totally 784 allele were detected in which 363 alleles were belong to control fish and 421 alleles in hybrid. In this study, 19 alleles with different sizes were observed in hybrids rang from (120bp) in Aox27 primers (400bp) in AFUG229 primers. In comparing of all primers, the primer AFUG160 and AFUG195 with 2 alleles and primer AFUG686 with 7 alleles showed the minimum and maximum allele numbers.The banding patterns were monomorphic in 66 loci of control fish and 65 loci of hybrids, and in 77 loci of control fish and 73 loci of hybrids were diploid in 9 loci of control fish and 12 loci of hybrid fish were tetraploid, in one locus of control samples and 3 hybrid samples were pentaploid and finally within 10 pairs of primers 7 sets were disomic, 3 primers (Afug241, Afug686, Aox27) were tetraploid and 6 primers of (Afug63, Aox27, Afug688, Afug12, Is68, Afug160) showed excellent allele heritability which indicate the high efficiency of microsatellite techniques. In evaluation of the status of gonad development as well as determination of sexual stages laprascopic method indicated that out of 9 samples of Persian sturgeon (4 females and 5 male) were in stage of 2 & 3 gonad development. Out of 8 Siberian sturgeon (4 males+4 females) stage 2, 3, 4 were detected. In 7 gonad samples of hybrid (Female Persian and Male Siberian) totally 5 male and 2 female were observed at stage 3 and 4 gonad development. In analysis of 10 samples of type II hybrid (female Siberian × male Persian) 3 female, 6 males and 1 deformetic were observed. Cytological studies on 30 metaphase palate from 6 fish samples showed that the number of chromosome in hybrid are as same as parents 2n=250±10 where all control and hybrids similar to its parents showed 240 chromosome. In conclusion, It can stated that, this study successfully introduced a new sturgeon hybrid for sturgeon farming both for meat and caviar production. Considering the common name of sturgeon parents used for production this hybrid, we call this hybrid as (Siper) where Si instant for Siberian sturgeon and Per comes from Persian sturgeon.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This survey carried out from 2012 to 2013 to study of suitable site selection for carp and trout fish species for responsible aquaculture possibility by data collection and literature study.During the survey ecological factors including physical and chemical factors,geological factors including topography and type of soil,biological factors including selection of species and control of invader animals,climatic factors,geographical factors and pollutant including heavy metals,agricultural pesticides Surfactants and crude oils were recognized.Also in comparing with standard levels suitable rate of each important factor in aquaculture were studied.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In this study ichthyoplankton, phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthics and hydrochemistry parameters were studied. 9 out of 11 sampling stations were in the Gorgan Bay area and 2 of them were in the mouth of the Bay. Ichthyoplankton survey were carried out in 6 stations and the other surveys such as phytoplankton, etc were done in 11 stations in 2009. Gorgan Bay map and position of sampling sites are given at the end of material and methods section. Biomass and frequency of phytoplankton at different stations, months and seasons were calculated that are presented in Tables 1 to 3. Hydro-chemical parameters such as water temperature, air temperature, visibility, DO, BOD5, pH, Alkalinity (bicarbonate, carbonate and total) , Hardness (calcium, magnesium), CL,EC, Salinity, N (nitrate, nitrite, NH3), Phosphate were measured and results are shown Table 11 . Biomass (mgr/m3) and numbers (ind./m3) of 47 genus of different phylum of phytoplanktons such as Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Pyrophyta, Chrysophyta and Euglenaphyta as well as different phylum of zooplanktons consist of Protozoa, Arthropoda, Rotifera and Cyliophora were estimated. Frequency of phytoplanktons (ind/m3) was 131.2, 1.6, 65.3, 18.9 and 23.8 millions respectively. Furthermore, their biomass was 308.4, 1.9, 1358.9, 295.1 and 124.7 mg/m3, respectively. The maximum and minimum numbers were observed in Leptolingbaya belonged to Cyanophyta and Diatoms of Chrysophyta 84.3 and 0.025 million ( ind/ m3) respectively. The maximum and minimum biomass was observed in Gyrosigma (Chrysophyta) and Tetradron (Chloropyta), 12317.3 and 0.014 mg/m3 respectively. The average biomass of zooplankton was measured 531.74, 30.77, 225.07, and 96.26 mg/m3 respectively and the total was attained 883.83 mg/m3 Table 5 . The maximum and minimum biomass of all zooplanktons was estimated in November and July, 3446.23 and 6 mg/m3 respectively. Furthermore, the maximum and minimum numbers of zooplanktons were found in September and July which were 48.4 and 0.002 millions respectively and the average number was 8.4 ind/m3 Table 4 . Also numbers and biomass (gr/m2) of 11 families of benthos which inhabit Gorgan Bay such as Annelida, Mollusca and Arthropoda were investigated in separated stations and distinctive months. The maximum and minimum biomass of benthos was observed in January (42.91 gr/m2) and March (0.6428 gr/m2). The biomass was considerable in April, February, August and December (Tables: 4, 5 and 6).

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This study was conducted to codify the guideline and indexes of broodstock management in salmonid fish and cryopreservation, selective breeding and sex reversal in hatchery to attain responsible aquaculture development. Cryopreservation includes of sperm and egg in term of economic is important in aquaculture. In this report mentioned the type and name of material. All female and sex reversal fish are produced by steroid hormone which mentioned in this report. Selective breeding include individual selection and family selection which could be used for genetic improvement of fish.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: An Environmental Impact Assessment was undertaken to identify existing values and characteristics of physical, biological and socioeconomic resources within the area proposed for the Aquaculture development in BibiShirvan Ab-bandan (small storage dam). The proponent (Fisheries Department of Golestan province) intends to redevelop fish culture in a constructed water body which is used mainly by local farmers for storing water to meet crops water needs especially at dry periods of the year. The area being examined as part of this environmental impacts assessment is located approximately 40 km west of Gonbad city,Golestan province in northeast of Iran. The site located at 54° 47'- 54° 52 ' (East longitudes) and '37 ° 10'- 37° 11' (North latitudes). The Bibi Shirvan Ab-bandan sealed with an area of about 580 acres, is a collection of three distinct basins that are connected with each other at several points. At present, there are some problems for water supply and maintaining full reservoir levels which cause the Bibi-Shirvan reservoir have always been empty partly and farmers could not been utilizing all its capacity. At the operation phase, the supply water will be provided by pumping through the left coast of Gorgan river via an irrigation concrete canal which is constructed by the Organization of Jihad-e-Agriculture and also, two small streams namely Ghareh-tekan and Bayram-shally. For better management of fish culture it is proposed a plan, which increase the volume of the Bibi- Shirvan reservoir by heightens the circumference embankment and construction of the interior retaining wall that will divide the reservoir into smaller pieces of ponds. It also proposed the installation of other pumping stations on abovementioned streams to supply water for combined requirements of cultivated crops and fish culture. The total surface area and storage capacity of Bibi Shirvan reservoir will be about 500 hectares and 8.1 million cubic meters respectively, after the construction of embankments. Environmental impact assessment for the project in terms of design features is mandatory and subject to article 2, paragraph (e) environmental impact assessment regulations. There are some problems for developing optimized fish culture practices and operations in the area. The unknown ownership of reservoir, absence of official right of water allocation, limiting capacity of reservoir reduced surface area for fish culture , lack of hydraulic system structures for water supply control, and drainage are among the problems that restrict fish culture practices and will not allow to attain optimum production. Therefore, the proposed plan including improved methods and rehabilitation of embankments was placed on the agenda of the Golestan Province, Department of Fisheries. For optimization studies and achievements to update information using Geographic Information System (GIS), the maps of the study area were provided. Thus, in first step, the digital map with a scale of 1:500 to 1:2000 AUTO CAD format that shows the project location, have been constructed. General location map of the region, residential areas and villages, roads and other maps needed in studies using these layers were produced. Next, the outputs for Cartography maps were prepared using ARC GIS software. The spatial layers were performed by using the GIS soft-wares and advised which suggested by different expert teams (groups of soil and water pollution studies, social environment, economic and cultural, biological environment, climate and hydrology). The output of digital spatial data, spatial analysis and cartography as various maps, tables or diagrams and graphical analysis were used in the reports. Since implementing this Project could be created various impacts in different environments (physical, biological, socioeconomic and cultural) The EIA study was undertaken .For facilitate decision making process on project implementation, the modified matrix method has been used. In conclusion, the results of EIA matrices shows the action of Project with environmental mitigation measures (+410) is superior to no action Project (-79). It is therefore considered that the Bibi-Shirvan Project will have a minimal impact on the environmental values of the area. The Project will provide favorable overall positive outcomes for indigenous peoples and fish farmers in the region. Also, problems such as excessive migration of rural people, lack of employment and consequently low level of income and welfare of the people will be improved. Therefore, the Project with consideration of environmental mitigation measures is recommended .

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Present study was conducted in shrimp farm located in east of Chabahar in Sistan and Balouchestan province from August 2001 until May 2003. Fourteen stations at three locations (i.e. supply channel, drainage channel and Gwatr Gulf) were selected to determine physical and chemical factors such as; temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, phosphate, silicate, total suspended solid and turbidity. Sampling was conducted twice a month during the shrimp culturing period and monthly at other times. Water samples were collected every two weeks to determine Chemical and Physical factors, Chlorophyll a, Phytoplankton and Zooplankton. Sediment samples were collected seasonally to examine Macrobenthos, Grain size and Total Organic Matter. The results revealed different bioenvironmental area in the three locations (i.e. supply channel, drainage channel and Gwatr gulf) over the study period. One-way analyze of variance of chemical and physical factors indicated significant difference between different times as well as different stations (p〈0.05). The negative relationship was observed between the culturing production area and the amount of average dissolved oxygen, pH and total suspend solid. An increase in the culturing production area in 2002 as compared to that of 2001 causes a decrease in the amount of these factors. However, it dose indicates positive relationship with nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, transparency and chlorophyll. Forty nine phytoplankton genus were identified, which mainly belong to diatoma, dinoflagellate and green blue algae. Diatom was dominated among these groups. Diatom and green-blue algae and diatom comprised %79, %69 and %64 of phytoplankton flora respectively in supply channel, Gwater Gulf and drainage channel. Copepod and thintinnida were the major groups of zooplankton. High abundance of bivalve, Polychaetes and amphipoda were found in supply channel, Gwatr Gulf and drainage channel respectively. Analysis of grain size showed the existence of sandy sediment in Gulf of Gwatr and sandy-loom in supply channel. Drainage channel sediment found to be sandy-loom, sandy-silty-loom and sand loom. Among three locations, the highest TOM was found in drainage channel. In last location, production area in 2002 increased as compared to that of 2001, which showed negative relationship with salinity, nitrate, nitrit, ammonia and chlorophyll a. Drainage of the Gwatr s shrimp farm did not cause any thermal contamination in the location. Shrimp aquaculture activities caused an increase in the average of salinity, range of pH in the Gwatr Gulf.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The study on economic aspects of tilapia culture in Iran is a subproject of a comprehensive project on introduction of tilapia to central regions of the country. Two types of red and black of the exotic tilapia were imported from Indonesia in 2009 for research and were transferred to the research center of Bafgh. Since tilapia has capabilities in aquaculture such as resistance to diseases, fast growth, tolerance to high intensity, growth in freshwater, brackish water and in saline water, also ability to grow in pond, cage and aquaculture tanks, so it is likely that it’s production be of economic advantages. Therefore the present study looked at economic aspects of raising tilapia. The factors examined were feed expenditures, wages, fertilizer spending, costs of fish fingerlings, and pond preparation in two treatments of black and red tilapia in 0.45 hectare earth ponds, 3m2 aquaculture tanks with two replicates. Results of data analyses showed that benefit of each pond for black tilapia would be about 5968763 Rials. For red tilapia this amounted to 5939696 Rials. On total the benefit for black tilapia pond culture was 11940444 Rials while this for red tilapia was 11879392 Rials, so we can conclude that pond culture of tilapia is beneficial. Culture cost of black tilapia in tanks with 57 Kg outcome, was 2540600 Rials. Accordingly the cost of each kilogram of fish is 44572 Rials, so with 20 percent benefit, the price for each kilogram is 53485 Rials. Also for producing 37 kilograms red tilapia in tank some 2531500 Rials was expended. Each kilogram red tilapia cost 68419 Rls to produce which is much more than other cultured fish and if we expect 20 percent benefit the price of each kilogram of red tilapia would be 82103 Rls. So it is concluded that tank fish culture of tilapia would not be beneficial and economically speaking there would be no point to raise tilapia this way.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Pearl aquaculture production is one of the most valuable industry in the world. Black lip pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera is one of the most important commercial species in the world that it is used for breeding and production of pearl. To determine the basic requirements for black lip oyster growth and development of gonad under controlled conditions, Pearl oysters with a total length of 80 mm shells that were in stage 2 maturation of the island Hendorabi collected by diving operations and were transferred to Bandar Lengeh Research Station Persian Gulf mollusks. Pearl oysters with length of 95 mm shells, was passed were all male. 25 percent of them with a total length of 100-110 mm and all with a total length top of 110 mm were female. Then thay were fed for 45 days in appropriate conditions of temperature and photoperiod with March until late spring. Ggreatest physical growth related to Diet with micro-algae Isochrysis sp (T.ISO), Cheatoceros calcitrans, Cheatoceros mullerii, Pavlova lutheri and Tetraselmis suecica, which with the other treatments were significantly different (p〈0.05). Most gonadal growth of the group 4 (Isochrysis sp (T.ISO), Pavlova lutheri, Cheatoceros calcitrans, Cheatoceros mullerii ) was 70% in the treated females were spawning. Minimum total length of black lip oyster in habitat of 80 mm, which were collected from a depth of 2 meters. There is no relationship between total length Oysters and depth of 4 to 10 meters depth and minimum total length was 115 mm. The most density of Black lip oyster were observed in the depths of 4 to 7 meters in the northwestern part of the island Hendorabi. There were stronger correlation between biometric data, length-weight relative to length- length.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This study was done in 2008 on agricultural sewage for aquaculture in six stations. Two stations were in AhvazKhorramshahr road near sugar cane plantation sewage in west Karoon, Two stations were in Ahvaz-Abadan road in sugar cane plantation sewage in east Karoon and Azadegan sewage and two stations were in agricultural sewage in the north of Ahvaz. Monthly Samplings of planktons, physical, chemical parameters were taken during Aprile to March 2008. In addition seasonal sampling of benthic fauna and fish were carried out. Heavy metal and toxic samples were done only one time during the study period. Measurement of some parameters such as temperature and pH were done during sampling procedure and other parameters were measured in laboratory based on standard methods. Heavy metal concentrations were measured with polarography and voltammetry techniques and toxic substances were extracted and concentrated to determine the concentration of them in water using GC device. For identifying phytoplanktons, 1 liter water from middle depth was sampled in each station and 4% formalin was added. Zooplankton were sampled monthly using 55µ plankton net. Fish samplings were done using cast net regarding regional condition, and sampling from benthic invertebrate of river were done using Petersen grab with 15.5cm*15.5cm. Results of water quality index (WQI) from Koushk Talaieh (station1), Artificial lake station (station 2) , Farabi(station 3), and Azadegan aquaculture sewage station (station4) showed that water quality is in group four. WQS index was used for Maleh(station 5) and Pumping station ( 6 station) stations due to high levels of salinity. The WQS results showed that water quality of these stations were moderate to low. Heavy metals in water, the ordination is as follows: Ni 〉 Zn 〉 Pb 〉 Cu 〉 Co 〉 Cd 〉 Hg Mercury levels in all cases were less than the standard and all the elements have been somewhat less than chronic toxicity level. The values of all studied metals are lower than the WHO limit. The results indicated that chlorinated pesticides in all samples are at low level and they are at acceptable levels for aquaculture. In this study, 34 genus of phytoplankton from Bacilariophyceae (diatoms), Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Dinophyceae were present with 11, 8, 14 and one genus respectively and the percentage of frequencies were respectively 37.64, 34.26, 23.24 and 4.87%. In general phytoplanktons of wastewater were in modest condition for using in aquaculture. In this study, about 1,000 samples of zooplankton in 6 stations were identified and counted during the year. The high percentage of zooplankton were belonged to three groups of protozoa (mainly ciliates), Rotifer and copepods were. The Rotifers with more than 90 percent frequency had the maximum prevalence. The dominant rotifer species was Brachionus calciferous. Although in this study the dominant group of zooplanktons was rotifers but the frequency is not high. Therefore we cannot call this circumstance as eutrophic condition, however the growing trend of high food phenomenon has announced. High benthic diversity was observed in Artificial lake wastewater station and Azadegan aquaculture sewage station. The most frequent taxa were in Azadegan aquaculture sewage station during autumn and winter which belonged to resistant Chironemidae larvae. In Koushk Talaieh, Farabi and Maleh stations, Chironemidae was dominanted and in Pumping station Coleoptera was dominant group. Hilsenhoff index showed that most of waste water stations were in poor to very poor condition, indicating that they were heavily contaminated. The data analysis of macrobenthose data in wastewaters based on Satropi and biological value (Z) showed that potential of fish production in Azadegan and artificial lake was high during the year. These two water sources have suitable situation for potential production and biological value, therefore with special plans for culturing low demand fish would be possible. In this study, 7 fish species belongs to 7 genera from 4 families were collected. Freshwater and marine water species was observed in the catch composition. According to the results of the four studied stations, Artificial lake station and Farabi had the highest number of catch which mostly belonged to Acanttopetrus Latus and Liza Abuo. In general, based on biological parameters, such as zooplankton frequency, all stations had similar conditions but in terms of phytoplankton, Azadegan aquaculture sewage station, Pumping stations and Farabi wastewater have better condition for aquaculture. The FBI index showed that the artificial lake station and pumping station are more suitable for aquaculture activity. Low demand fish is recommended for Azadegan aquaculture sewage station. Artificial lake station had lower primary production but it is more suitable for aquaculture because of its lower FBI index value. Most of the fish presence was in the artificial lake station and Farabi wastewater which belonged to two predominant species of Acanttopetrus Latus and Liza Abuo. In general, based on biological and non-biological parameters, artificial lake station in the west Karoon and Azadegan aquaculture sewage station have better water quality than the other stations for aquaculture activities. This requires management action and special schemes.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Barbus sharpeyi is a local fish of Khouzestan that is planned to be a target for aquaculture in recent programs of fisheries organization. Considering importance of this species in its dispersal region, the main goal of this project was evaluation of possibility for triploidy induction and its potential in response to the heat shocks, efficiency of viability and growth and finally reporting the best condition for triploidy induction in Benny. Induction of thermal shocks was executed in for cold and heat shocks (2 and 4°C for cold and 34, 36 and 38°C for heat). Time of induction and its duration varied between 2 and 5 minutes after the fertilization for 3 and 5 minutes. Each treatment was repeated for 3 times. The ploidy level was determined based on size of nucleus diameters in erythrocytes. Analysis of data was done by SPSS (ver. 16) using T-test and ANOVA method. Results showed that the maximum number of triploid individuals was obtained in treatment of 38°C, 2 min after the fertilization by duration of 3 minutes but as the condition was not suitable for the viability of the eggs, losses of the larvae was high in this group. The best efficiency of triploidization in B. sharpeyi belongs to the 34°C, 2 to 5 minutes after the fertilization for duration of 5 minutes. Nuclear dimensions showed an increase in triploids and confirmed that this characteristic can be used as a reliable factor to distinguish polyploidy. Results of this study showed that B. sharpeyi has the ability for polyploidy inductions specially heat shocks. Evaluation of growth in matured fishes, use of proper tagging systems to distinguish the treatments and designing a plan for bioconserving and genetic improvement of this species is recommended.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The research conducted for finding of aquaculture potential and appropriate areas of Yamchi dam downstream river and estimate of its production in 2010-2012. Yamchi dam is located at 25 kilometers of southwest of the Ardabil city. This research done by using of available information and data obtained from the monthly and seasonally sampling. After evaluating of Yamchi river potential and its marginal lands, suitable locations for aquaculture determinated and theirs production was calculated at each site. Totally, 3 areas selected for trout aquaculture and varius method suggested including race way, octagonal pond and semi-recircultaion. In the present condition of Yamchi river the amount of trout production is predicted at least 65 ton by race way to maximum 1750 ton by semirecircultaion method. Whiles, if 2 cubic meters of water from Yamchi dam outlet is provided to aquaculture, it will be predicted at least 580 ton by race way to maximum 4000 ton by semi-recircultaion method

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Mnemiopsis leidyi is one the species of comb-jelly. It belongs to the Ctenophore phylum and Lobate order. It is a purely marine, free-swimming animal with a transparent jelly-like walnut-shaped body, which was transported from the Black Sea into Caspian possibly at the end of 1990s. This species is food rival of pelagic fish. It has been reported that the ctenophore caused the dramatic decrease of zooplankton and pelagic fish stock in the Black Sea. In this study, sampling on Mnemiopsis leidyi, zooplankton, phytoplankton was conducted from December 2003 to March 2005, from a total of 11 stations located along four transects (Anzali , Khazarabad, Tourkman and Gorgan Bay) by METU net in the Iranian coasts of the Caspian Sea. Clupeonella catch was done by light fishing with fishing vessel in Anzali region. The results showed that the biomass of M.leidyi had some fluctuation in different seasons and its maximum biomass was recorded in summer with a figure of 524.4±156.2 g.m2 Tourkman region and the minimum biomass was observed in winter with a figure of 5.15±1.81 g.m2 in Anzali region. Study of stomach of Mnemiopsis showed, that Acartia (belonged of Copepoda with 66 %), lamlibranchia (13 %) has the highest frequency and the lowest were Balanus nauplii, Rotatoria, Tintinnopsis and Podon polyphemoides. The maximum mean abundance of zooplankton was 29368±24318 n.m3 in winter (Anzali region) and the minimum was recorded 4170±5014 n.m3 in summer (Tourkman region). Copepoda was dominant zooplankton in the Iranian coasts of the Caspian Sea. Chrysophyta with 150000000±440000000 n.m3 and Euglenophyta with 260000±521000 n.m3 had the highest and the lowest frequency respectively in the Caspian Sea. The main foods of Clupeonella were Acartia with 80 %. The survey of stomach of Clupeonella showed that the feeding of these species was not good and the highest fullness index was recorded 220.95±314.67. These results showed, the main food item of Ctenophora and Clupeonella were Copepoda (Acartia). It seems, the impact of Mnemiopsis leidyi feeding has been the important factor in declining zooplankton populations, Clupeonella stocks, and also increasing of phytoplankton abundance.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This survey was carried out by R/V Gilan with a conical plankton net of 100 micron mesh by vertical hauls at 8 transect in the southern Caspian sea. Transects were located at Astara, Anzali, Sefid roud, Tonekabon, Noshahr, Babolsar, Amirabad and Torkman in depths of 5, 10,20,50and 100m. Samples were taken in 4 seasons ( in each season 64 samples) in 2009. In this study 23 species formed the zooplankton community including 4 species of Copepoda, 8 species of Rotatoria, 2 species of Protozoa and 8 species of Cladocera. The meroplankton blonged to 2 species of Balanus sp and Lamellibranchiata larvae. The annual results revealed that the maximum abundance of Copepoda were 3612±4839 ind/m3 and 35/75 ±42/81 mg/ m3 in summer and decreased gradually since autumn and reached to minimum value in winter. The maximum abundance of Cladocera was 300± 383 ind/m3 in spring and reached to less than 4 ind/m3 in summer and autumn. The Rotatoria had high population (3775± 8632 ind/m3) in winter which consisted the zooplankton population with Copepoda. The Protozoa had no efficient role in zooplankton population of Caspian sea during the year. The zooplankton population was affected by Meroplankton and Lamellibranchiata larvae in spring and winter. The Copepoda contributed in zooplankton population only in summer and autumn. The maximum zooplankton abundance and biomass were in 5m depth which included 10209±8352 ind/m3 and 43/56±26/08mg/ m3 in spring, 8545±7127 ind/m3 and 73/59±56/65mg/ m3 in summer(10 m depth), 8427±6711 ind/m3 and 43/15± 29/59 mg/ m3 in autumn and 24426 ±26975 ind/m3 and 334/25±392/21 mg/ m3 in winter which decresed from surface to depth. The maximum abundance and biomass of zooplankton were 5119±6018 ind/m3 in east and 28/59±24/79 mg/ m3 in central area in spring, 6628±7117 ind/m3 in west area and 50/73±59/52 mg/ m3 in central area in summer, 5248 ±5489 ind/m3 and 31/16 ±31/22 mg/ m3 in west area in autumn and 11588±16191 ind/m3 and 131/02±193/61 mg/ m3 in west area in winter. The annual statistical analysis reveals that there is significant difference between Copepoda and Cirripedia population among seasons, sampling stations, depth and sampling layer (Kruskalwallis test, p〈0.05) and the total zooplankton populatin had no significant difference only between seasons (Kruskal-wallis test, p〉0.05). The Cladocera, Lamellibranchiata larvae and the Rotatoria had significant difference between seasons only (Kruskal-wallis test, p〈0.01).

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Streptococcosis is an acute infectious disease that causes mortality in marine and freshwater aquacultures. One of the most important hosts is susceptible to the disease of rainbow trout and during the past decade its industrial production has been growing in Iran. According to FAO, Iran is among the 10 countries producing fish in the world. The most important bacteria causing Strptococcosis includes Strptococcus, Vagococcus and Enterococcus genera. But in all cases, the clinical sings are the same. More than a decade has passed since the first report of this disease in Iran and unfortunately, this disease has become the most important problems of trout production in Iran. Therefor, 72 farms were selected in 8 provinces including Mazandaran, Gilan, Lorestan, CharmahalBakhtiyari, Fars, Kermanshah, Tehran and Kokiloye-Boyer Ahmad and a total 520 moribund and apparently healthy rainbow trout (weight 50 – 200gr) were collected during summer 2008 to 2009. Fish kidney, spleen and liver samples were culture aseptically and finally 206 isolates were identified as gram positive cocci. Using conventional biochemical test, S.uberis, S.agalactiae, S.dysgalactiae, S.faecium and S.inia. Additionally, 172 from 206 isolates were confirmed as S.uberis ، S.agalactiae ، S.dysgalactiae ، S.faecium and S.inia using a PCR assay. Based on the results, the most prevalent is belong to S.uberis (isolated from 5 of 7 province), S.dysgalactiae (isolated from 4 of 7 province), S.agalactiae (isolated from 2 of 7 province) and S.faecium and S.inia (from 1 of 7 province) respectively. It is necessary to mention, S.inia was identified just to Fars and any gram positive cocci was isolated from Tehran.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Aquaculture is one of the most dynamic activities of agriculture sector, and it seems the most economic part. Additional needs of population to white meat and healthy protein, increase of employment, achievement of foreign exchange sources, and environmental friend ship development are basis for sustainable aquaculture worldwide. Growing rate of aquaculture within last two decades, shows highest level among agricultural products, and have been two digits for many years. Trend of aquaculture development in Iran shows same path, and devoted high share ness of the water bodies. Warm water fish which have highest share in aquaculture production, are mainly produced in freshwater. Warm water fish production in the year 1382 was 61000 tones, and increased to 167000 tons in 1392. These figures for warm water fish produced in 4025 farms with an area of 22323 ha in 1382, and developed to 14615 farms with area of 48697 ha in the year 1392. Production of this fish shows highest amount in the country, and have high economic and export values. Cold water fish, which Rainbow trout- Onchorhynchos mykiss as the main species shows additional growth in various parts of the country, so as the production in the year 1382 was 23000 tones and increased to 143000 in 1392 (one decade). The number of farms was 562 units (89.8 has) in the year 1382, and increased to 1923 units (230 has) in the year 1392, which indicates another sign of fast growing. To achieve sustainable aquaculture in aquaculture, preparation the manuals aquaculture on Best Management Practice, feed and feeding management, Fertilizations and Enrichment, Stocking methods, Pond preparations, Aerations, Site Selection and Farm Establishment, Marketing are considered , preparation of manuals for uxorious parts of production chain is essential. Site selection, Process of establishment of farm, use of mechanization for production, providing optimum oxygen levels, selection of brood stocks , are main parts of responsible aquaculture

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The present survey was conducted for evaluation of environmental impacts of shrimp farm effluents in Tiab district of Hormozgan province. During the growing season of 2003(Jul-Dec) water and sediment samples have taken with monthly intervals from inflow and outflow of the farms and related coastal waters adjacent to Tiab estuary. The samples were carried to the laboratory for physical, chemical and biological analyses. The results showed that the farms exert significant influence on humidity of surrounding air. Furthermore most of the measured parameters such as pH, salinity, BOD5, COD, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, TP, total phytoplankton and zooplankton numbers in water column and the percentages of the TN of sediments of the outflow waters were adequately higher than inflow water, but reverse results were measured for oxygen content of the water and total macrofauna numbers. There were no any significant differences between inflow and outflow channels in the case of temperature and TN of the water. In the statistical analyses, station effect only showed significant influences on variation of zooplankton numbers, TN, COD and salinity of the water and the percentage of sediment total organic compounds. The results also showed that during the growing season in the surveyed channels the most values of water and air temperature, air moisture, salinity and COD decreased, but in contrast the magnitude values of pH, BOD5, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, TP and total phytoplankton and zooplankton numbers increased during the same time. The month effect significantly influenced the preceded noticed parameters, but had no significant effect on variation of other parameters such as: TN and total macrofauna of the water column and percentages of total organic compounds and nitrogen of the sediment. The results showed that there were no significant differences between the surveyed channels and coastal waters in the case of measured values of water and air temperature, pH and oxygen content. Higher total phytoplankton numbers were measured in the coastal waters, but most of other surveyed parameters were high in the channels. In the coastal waters the variations of most measured parameters were managed by winds and the related waves and turbulences, so water exchange with Tiab estuary had no significant effect in this respect.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Streptococcosis is an infectious bacterial disease that causes huge economic losses in cold water aquaculture industry. Disease outbreak was experienced in some of provinces farms in recent years. Fars Province, has produced 7,000 tons of cold-water fish. According to Streptococcosis report in 1381 from the province and Proceedings have been performed during 10 years against disease and also economic losses impact of disease on rainbow trout production, risk assessment of Streptococcosis conducted on the plan. In this study, of 586 sick fish (have symptoms) studied 230 fish (39.24%) Streptococcus and (26.62%) gram negative bacteria were isolated. Of 754 healthy grower fish and fry (with no clinical signs) 10 fish or fry (1.32%)infected with streptococcus and 60 fish or fry(7.95%) infected with gram negative bacteria (Yersinia ruckeri , Pseudomonas , entrobacteriaceae).According to biochemical tests and molecular examinations , isolated Streptococcus identified as Lactococcus garvieae , Streptococcus iniae and Streptococcus sp. Furthermore some physical and chemical parameters measured and aerobic bacteria of selected farm water counted. These factors effects on disease incidence and changes were evaluated by applying logistic regression.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In this survey the Physical and Chemical factors, heavy metals,agricultural pesticides and microbial contaminations were studied in mohammadiye channel extending Eslamshahr, Robat karim and Shahriar cities of Tehran Province during the 2011.Specimens were obtained from 5 different stations .The measured factors were temperature,DO, Cl,HCO3,COD,BOD,CO2,Mg,……. The analysis of Physical and Chemical factors of Mohammadiye channel water showed that except water temperature,all factors in comparison to the standards were at the standard level,So they are suitable for aquaculture. The result of measurements of heavy metals including lead, copper,Iron,Cadmium, Zinc and mercury in spring, summer and fall in comparison to existing standards showed that unfortunately except copper the amount of other heavy metals are higher than standard levels in the most of stations , Lead amounts at stations 2,3,4 and 5 . zinc at stations 1 and 5 , Iron at stations 1,3 and 5 , cadmium and mercury in all stations were higher than the standards for fish culture. The measured amounts of organophosphate and organochlorine pesticides and result of microbial contaminations culture were less than standard levels. Due to mean of water temperature that is high from middle of Spring to the end of summer , It is suitable for culture of warmwater fishes and because of low water temperature in the station No1 It is recommended for culture of coldwater fishes by using of 50-70gr of young fishes .

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Present project was conducted in shrimp farm located in east of Chabahar in Sistan and Balouchestan province.Twentieth sampling stations at three locations (i.e. 2 stations in supply channel,13 stations in drainage channel and 5 stations in Gwatar Gulf) were selected to determine physical and chemical factors such as; temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, phosphate and biological parameters for example Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton and zooplankton. Sampling was conducted once a month from March 2003 until January 2004. The results revealed different bioenvironmental area in the three locations (i.e. supply channel, drainage channel and Gwatar Gulf) over the study period. Concentration of salinity ,pH , nitatr ,nitrite ,ammonia and chlorophyll a in drainage channel were more than supply channel and Gawtar Gulf. While concentation dissolved oxygen and phosphate were in drainage channel less than Gawtar Gulf.Also, sediment with small grain size (clay and silt) caused uptake phosphate and amount phosphate decreased in drainage channel. Considering with lack of environment standards in Iran shrimp effluent, data compared with others countries standard. Results showed that with considerable farm area , value of temperature , salinity , dissolved oxygen and pH were in permit range in Gwatar Gulf while concentation nitrate, phosphate and chlorophyll a were sometimes more than permit range that could cause plankton bloom.Also, Gwatar Gulf were influence monsoon. Nitate , phosphate , chlorophyll a and phytoplankton increased in gwatar Gulf.Regards with that postmonsoon was simultaneus with shrimp harvest.Therefore, increase some parameters could be caused from shrimp effluent or postmonsoon. Thirty four phytoplankton genus were identified including diatoma, dinoflagellate , cyanophyta and chlorophyta. In each area maxiumum percentage of phytoplankton were belonged to diatoma( 63%) in supply channel , cyanophyta(51.7%) in drainage channel and dinoflagellate (94.5% ) in Gwatar Gulf.Amount and range chemical and physical factors and plankton composition were different in drainage channel , supply channel and Gwatar Gulf. Cyanophyta could grow more in drainage channel.Percentage of aboundance and diversity of phytoplankton changed in 2002 inrelation to years ago( before shrimp culture , 2000 year and 2001 year) specially in Gwatar Gulf.Mainly percentage of zooplankton were copepoda and thintinida respectively.Diversity zooplankton decreased ratio to years ago. In drainage channel , abundance total of phytoplankton and zooplankton were more than Gwatar Gulf and supply channel.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Anzali wetland is one of the most important places for spawning fishes and zooplankton groups are the first consumer in this ecosystem . they are the perfect food for the larvae of fishes. Zooplankton status was evaluated in 6 stations of different areas of the Anzali wetland during March 2011 to February 2012. Sampling was done by tube (PVC) and passing through of 30 micron planktonic net. The samples were identified and counted by invert microscope. According to the results were identified 60 Genus and 6 phylum (11, 31, 10, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2 genus of phylum Protozoa, Rotatoria, Arthropoda, Gastrotricha, Mollusca, Tardigrada, Nematoda, Porifera, Annelida) respectively. The results showed that the maximum annual average density of zooplankton was observed with 2497 number per litre in Karkan station and the population was more in the summer than in other seasons. Phylum of Rotatoria,, protozoa and superclass Copepoda formed 48, 45 and 6percent of the density espectively. According to the results the populationof zooplankton did not change much compared to past studies, excluding Protozoa but the diversity of all zooplankton groupe are declined very much. According to the statistical analysis Kruskal Wallis are not significant differences between density of zooplankton in different stations, months and seasons (p 〉 0.05),but significant differences were found in different phylum together (p 〈 0.05).

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: There are many factors affecting aquaculture insurance in Iran. In spite of existing formulation for cold water fish, warm water fish and shrimp culture in Iran, there was several aspects and new revisions were remind. In this study we focused on risk assessment as well as insurance procedure to find the better management practices on running insurance in the country. 360 farm(for carp in tree provinces Guilan, Mazandaran, Khozestan),150 (for trout in tree provinces Fars, Mazandaran, Chamahal ) and all 340 farm(for shrimp in four provinces Sistan ,Hormozgan, Bushehr, Khozestan) were selected for risk analysis program. Data were collected throw questionnaire forms. The project was carried out in Two disciplines 1) risk analyzing for manageable and unmanageable accidents and their deductible rates 2) new formulation for insurance management.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This survey was carried out in 8 lines of southern area of Caspian sea consisting of Astara, Anzali, Sefid roud, Tonekabon, Noshahr, Babolsar, Amirabad and Torkman in depths of 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100m in 4 seasons (spring, summer,autumn and winter) of the year 2008. The goal of this survey was identification of different species, distribution, density and Biomass of the zooplankton community in different regions and also their frequency in the different layers and depths and the population fluctuations in whole of year. The most abundance and biomass of the zooplanktons were 28005±24212 ind./m3 and 180.58±149.03 mg/m3in 5 min spring and they were reduced gradually to depths.Copepoda comprised between 9 to 16 percent, Rotatoria comprised between 5 to 13 percent and Lamellibranchiata larvae comprised between 27 to 70 percent of marin zooplanktons.The most abundance and biomass were 11746±7921 ind./m3 and 47.07±31.96 mg/m3, 5281±5521 ind./m3 and 29.03±31.68 mg/m3 in 5m of summer and autumn seasons, respectively. Copepoda comprised more than 95 percent of marin zooplanktons in all of depths in these seasons. The most abundance and biomass were 19030±16518 ind./m3 and 198.99±217.23 mg/m3 in 5 m in winter. Copepoda comprised between 17 to 49 percent and Rotatoria comprised between 32 to 70 percent of marin zooplanktons in all of depths and the abundance of other groups was not considerable in zooplankton community.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The limnological study of the Golabar dam showed that in the Glabar dam inspite of bing its early establishmeant due to high nutrient and organic matter is located in eutrophic stage. the pH as well as bicarbonate levels shows that buffering capacity of the lake is high and the value of inorganic and organic matter measured are not considered as limiting factor for warme and cold water aquaculture.In the plankton survey 44 species of phytoplankton and 25 species of zooplankton were identified.Cyclotella , Nitzschia, Synedra and Trachelomona from phytoplankton and Polyarthera , Keratella , Filinia , Pompholyx from zooplankton were the dominant spicies.the Bacillariophyta from phytoplankton with 76.5 percent and Rotatoria zooplankton to with 76.2 percent considered the highest abundant . the average frequency of phytoplankton and zooplankton were 5*106 and 723 individual per litter. The Shironomide and Tobificide were the only two bentic group were identified in reservoir wehre their mean frequced were 293.75 and 224.30 respectively.The average biomass of bentic organism were 1.44±0.97 gr/m2.In the survey 12 species of fishes were identified.The potential natural production have been estimated to be 2.8 to 15.5 kg for bentivorous fish and varied from 53 to 175 kg /hec for plankton consumer fishes .The low temperature in several months as well as ice covered of the lake surface in particular in the months of duty and Bahman are the limiting factor of either warm or cold water fish production.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The ecological study of the Persian Gulf Martyres Lake carried out at the 5 stations between 2013 and 2014. This study identified 35 phytoplankton taxa. The diatoms taxa was dominated and their abundance recorded highest (2000 000 cell. l-1) in the lake. The annual phytoplankton abundance was measured as 2500 000 cell. l-1 during the study. The total nitrogen and water temperature were the significant a biotic parameters to increase cyanophytes abundance. Furthermore, 37 zooplankton taxa were identified. The Rotatoria abundance was dominated zooplankton. The annual zooplankton abundance was measured as 72 ind.l-1. Based on the CCA, there was no correlation between Rotatoria abundance and a biotic parameters. The study benthos showed Ephemeroptera and Diptera abundance were dominated; artificial bottom and lack of sediment and organic matters were the main reasons in decreasing of the benthos density. The Chitgar lake is the poorest lake in Iran due to low density of plankton and benthos organisms. The estimation of fish production was 123 kg/ha and for the lake was determaind 16 tonne. The finding display, invasive species was the main fish Chitgar lake that would be negative effect and increase eutriphication trend in the lake. Phosphorus parameter was limited parameters and trophy level recorded low due to high N/P ration in the lake. In overall the Chitgar lake situation is in Oligotrophic category with the low trophy level.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In this report rules and focal points about code of conduct for cold water farm, warm water establishment, mechanization management and oxygen generators are collected and discussed. One of the most important point difference between aquaculture engineering with mechanization. Mechanization is improvement of management level from ancient to better by some special tools but aquculture engineering can do by any vessel in every management.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This project is trying to investigate water contamination after use in ponds. For this aquaculture status, physical and chemical water properties, microbial pollutants and heavy metals levels in the some of trout ponds effluent in East Azerbaijan province were evaluated in 2007 to 2009. The information of groundwater and climate conditions in ten years, Drilling and wells piezometric Information, in local wells are reviewed.According to data obtained from analysis of water samples in the output pools range studied concentrations(term mg/l) some parameters are as follows:(BOD: 1.9-3.2),(COD: 3.4-34.1),(TSS: 26.6-42.7),(N-NO2:0.003-.136),(P-Po4:0.0170.067),(pH:7.75-8.28).Electrical conductivity(500 ±2 to 1129±144 term µm/cm) in the effluent ponds . Based on the results of we can say that between input and effluent ponds in the review of all factors as chlorine, sulfate, sodium, potassium, total nitrogen, soluble phosphorus, total phosphorus, calcium, total hardness, magnesium, alkalinity and silica significant changes not be observed. Review of water analysis data to some factors(such as:water temperature,EC,pH,NO2,CO2,HCO3,CO3,DO,COD,BOD) And compare this data with the authorities standard confirmed that the All factors mentioned in effluent is allowed now. In terms of microbial contamination and heavy metals ( Zn,Cu,Ca,Pb,Fe,Cr ) is no pollution. Appropriate strategies for removing suspended materials must to use.We can use Watershed Management solutions to inject output water to the underground table. Should be noted status change (eg change in flow rate, an unusual increase in temperature, fish density increasing, reducing food quality, lack of appropriate management actions and ...) may reduce the effluent quality and the ability of injection water underground to lose . In this case, measures must be for wastewater treatment and improve the quality ponder.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The aquaculture activity in provinces of north of Iran, in spite of fast progressive and possess a series of achievement and success, there was some failure, difficulties, limitation and restriction. To planning for further expansion in this faild, this study is managed. The culture of rainbow trout is practice in individual farms, small farms, water resources, earthen ponds, recycling ponds etc, which each method have its potential , failure and limitation that are consider in the present work. At the end, based on the situation of production in past years, and considering each of factors mentioned above, the success, failure, difficulties, limitation and restriction points of aquaculture of rainbow trout in technical poin of view are investigated and some command for improvement for each production method are presented. The development of aquaculture in recent years is based on extention of farms and increasing dencity of fish in fish pond. In contrast of many production activities, the propagation and culture of fish is inconstant work. This variability makes a potential for better income, occupation and job, increasing in production etc. This study make a better planning using this activity.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Rainbow trout is only species of cold water fishes which is rearing and propagation in Iranian fishery farms. Along of develop aquaculture industries increase request of best produces such as trout eyed eggs and larva. For this reason fishery farmers must be to provide that the way of import of other countries, such as: Denmark, Norway and France. As for this importance subject and unknown basic information about preference ratio for doing it, we needed to study about that to answer the suppliant questions. In this study carried out 3 test groups (3 treatments with 3 repetitions) and compared specific growth rate (SGR), condition factor (CF) and survival rate (SVR) between in this groups. Statistical analysis were significantly difference of increase rate of length and weight in French group with other groups (p〈0.05). Compared of main factors (SGR, CF, SVR) in French test group were significantly difference with other groups (p〈0.05). Survival rate percentage in Iranian treatments (SVR=%67) were significantly with the others (p〈0.05). This ratio respectively in Danish and French treatment was %54 and %48.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The Caspian goby, Neogobius caspius, is an endemic species of Gobiidae family in the Caspian Sea and it has ecological importance (as food for Caspian commercial fish such as sturgeons). The main aims of this study are, studying distribution, length, weight and age structure, sex ratio, diet, reproduction biology and morphological characters of this species in Guilan coast at waters of the Caspian sea and the sampling has been done monthly from Oct. 2005 to Sep. 2006 in 4 station from Astara to Chaboksar, with bottom trawl which had 12.5 meter length, 4.7 meter gape width and 2 mm mesh size in code end. The results showed N. caspius abundance is 9.82±11.93% of Gobiids and 7.92±10.10% of total fish numbers sampled in the study area (13824 specimens belong to 16 fish species) and there were significant differences among stations and seasons. CPUA of N.Caspius was estimated 52.5±105.9 ind/hec and 412.7±770.7 g/hec and there were significant differences among stations and seasons. Maximum body weight, total length and age were measured 65.10 g, 176 mm and 6 years old with an average 8.74±9.9 g, 84.83±28.4 mm and 1.83 years old, respectively and maximum age of males and females was 6 and 5 years old respectively and there were significant differences among stations and seasons and between sexes. It was estimated algometric growth model from length-weight regression, coefficient of K Von Bertalanffy growth model was estimated 0.42 and 0.68 in male and female, respectively. Sex ratio was 1.27 female to 1 male. Coefficient vacuity, relative gut length and intensity of 169 fullness were 8.72%, 0.76±0.17 and 267.7±263.3 for, respectively and Caspian goby fed on 30 different prey consist Zooplanktons (8 types), Benthic animals (15 types) and fishes (7 types) and young and yearlings have fed mainly mixed food (zooplankton and benthic animals) and adults on zoobenthose. Gammarids, Bivalvia, Cumaceae and Vormes constituted 44.7, 38.9, 24.8 and 19.7 % of prescence in full-gutted samples respectively, they were mainly preys (number and weight), hence this species is considered as euryphagus, carnivorous, benthphagus species. It was determined, Caspian goby spawns from March until last June, males and females take part in spawning in 2.8g and 65 mm and 1.3 g and 52 mm, respectively. Length at 50% maturity (LM50) was 80.2 and 77.5 mm in males and females, respectively. Maturity took place at 2 years old for both sexes, too. The absolute fecundity was estimated 109-1350 (451.6±216.3) eggs and relative fecundity 18-80 (36.8±9.2) eggs per one grams of body weight and diameter of ripe eggs was measured 1.31-2.60 (2.18±0.19) mm. Morphologically, there were 15 morphologically significant statistical differences between males and females and 15 differences among stations, sexual dimorphism was observed, too.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Accurate scientific and practical plan for achieving the goals of the Islamic Republic of Iran within the framework of Vision development 1404 , is the infrastructure achieving sustainable development of the country . Order to achieve the above mentioned objectives and in order to the comprehensive development plans in the country, Iranian fisheries research organization adjust the fifth developing plan for support of executive related departments in country with mobilization a large number researchers consists of several working groups of ifro affiliated research centers . The fifth developing plan consist of three chapters for report of the forth developing plan and intrudction of research , construction plans and financial support (budjet) for period of 2011-2014 A.C .

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: 0Genetic polymorphism by means of biochemical genetic markers using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis system in four barbus fish species has been investigated. Species scientific name were Barbus sharpeyi ; Gunther, 1847 , Barbus grypus ; Heckel, 1843, Barbus xanthopterus ; Heckel, 1843 and Barbus esocinus ; Heckel, 1843.Sampling site and location were mainly in the rivers located in Khoozestan province such as Karoon and Karkheh rivers and the Dez dam. Different organs such as blood, muscle, kidney, eye and heart were sampled and analysed for the presence of tf, es, sod and pgm alleles. High polymorphism and presence of different alleles scored, but populations were not in the H-W equilibrium. Considring results, using current and avaiable genetic markers such as microsattelits is recommended for future works.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The Taham dam reservoir has been established in order to provide drinking water of Zanjan population as far as 15 km in a mountain region at 1900 meter altitude with a 317 ha surface area. This study was conducted on biotic and a biotic factors in order to recognize of aquaculture possibility within drinking considerations. The results showed the less abundance of phytoplankton with 2 million/l. where abundant of zooplankton was 266 /l. Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta belong to phytoplankton and Rotatoria belong to zooplankton were dominated among identified plankton phylum. There were identified 45 and 32 genus of phytoplankton and zooplankton respectively. There were identified 5 groups of benthos that Tubificidae, Hirudina had the most frequency, and the biomass of benthos was varied from 1.1 to 23.7 g /m2. The ichtiology survey showed presence of 6 species in the lake that Alburnoides bipunctatus, Capoeta capoeta, , Leuciscus cephalus were the most abundance in the catch. L. cephalus was recorded with the maximum size of 870 g while the most frequent weight class was 150 450 g for C. capoeta,, L. cephalus . Diet survey showed the adequate feeding of fishes in lake also the observation of leech in trout guts was very considerable. The reproduction study displayed that a partial of matured fishes were succeed in breeding. Leuciscus cephalus have been known as a typical species with commercial size and high abundance which will be needed a fisheries management in Taham Lake to sustainable exploitation. The hidrochemical results indicated low nutrients values while total nitrogen was varied from 0.32 to 0.61 mg/l. and the Chl-a was varied from 7.9 to 25.9 μg/l.. The oxygen amount was 4.5 to 8.4 mg/l even in 65 meter depths. Total hardness average was about 149 mg/l where the Ca and Mn were measured in a low values. Trophic model in Taham lake showed the early stage of mesotrophy while other lakes and wetlands in north of Iran had been progressed in mesotrophic level.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This study focused on identification phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthos, fishes and relationship between biotic and abiotic parameters at three stations in the Kan river during 2014. This study identified 19 phytoplankton taxa. The findings showed, the diatoms abundance were dominated in the river. The chlorophytes abundance were recorded the lowest abundance in this study. The nutrients and water temperature were the significant abiotic parameters to increase cyanophytes and chlorophytes abundance in the Kan river. This study identified 26 zooplankton taxa. The Rotatoria and Protozoa abundance were dominated in the Kan river. Based on CCA, there was no correlation between abundance zooplankton and abiotic parameters. The biodiversity index of plankton was between 1.8 and 2 and the lake situation is located in the mesotrophic category. The study of the Kan river fishes showed, only one endemic fish species Capoeta bohsei. The length (between 38 and 270 mm, average 144±86 mm) and weight (between 1.1 and 356 g, average 108.8±146.7 g) of the C. bohsei were varied during the study period. The 19 benthos taxa were identified. The Ephemeroptera was most abundant in the benthos groups. The classification of river based on biology indicator and environmental parameters confimed that water quality is located in the moderate category.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This study has been carried out in waters of Bushehr province in the Persian Gulf covering Nayband bay to Bahregansar between 26° 45 N to 30° 00 N and 49° 45 E to 52° 45 E, 15 main and 5 sub- stations, by R/V Ferdows 1 in winter 2004, summer 2004 and winter 2005. The physico - chemical parameters, nutrients (silicate, phosphate, nitrate and nitrite), phyto, zooplanktons, sediments and macrobenthoses were collected from water layers and sea bottom, and then analysed. The parameters were compared and evaluated with the results of the previous work, conducted in the same area. Termocline, halocline, oxycline and picnocline layers were formed in summer. These clins disappeared due to water column mixing in winter. The values of temperature, conductivity and pH in summer were higher than those of in winter, while the salinity and density values of surface and subsurface layers in winter were higher than those of in summer. The temperature and conductivity have been decreased from surface to depth, from coastal rigions to offshore and from southern waters to northwern waters, while salinity, density and turbidity have been increased. The dissolved oxygen is decreased by increasing the values of temperature, salinity and depth and it is observed that D.O. has increased in correlation with chlorophyl a in mean and subsurface layers. The pH was rather decreased from surface to depth while turbidity was increased. Orthosilicate (Si_SiO44), nitrate (N_NO3 ), and nitrite (N_NO2 ) concentration have increased from surface to depth while orthophostate (P_PO43) decreased. Among the phytoplanktons, Dinophycea had most abundance in winter 2004 and Diatoms had most abundance, variety and distribution in summer 2004 and winter 2005. Among the zooplanktons, Copeopda had most abundance, variety and distribution. The intensity of phytoplanktons in summer was more than those in winter; it decreased from surface to depth and from coastal rigions to offshore, at first increased and then gradually decreases. Intensity of zooplanktons in summer was more than those in winter and decreased from surface layers to depth and from coastal waters to offshore. The abundance of benthoses in summer was more than that in winter while their biomass in winter was more than that in summer. The abundance decreased from southern to northwern waters, but the rate of decrease in biomass was more than that of abundance. The mainly texture of sediments was loamy or muddy and the grain size in southeastern and northwestern areas were coarser than those in middle area. Compared with the previous study, the trend of physico chemical, silicate, nitrate and nitrite were the same but in spite of the past, the values of pH in summer were more than those in winter and also phosphate concentration had been decreased frome surface layer to depth. The overall trends of phyto and zooplanktons densities are almost similar to previous observation, but cyanophyceae significantly decreased, in comparison with spring and summer abundance. It is also observed that the zooplanktons average density has been in reverse order compared to previous observations. Average concentration of phosphate in the entire region was seven times more than that of the former study and its maximum value has rised more than 26 times in the petroleum and gas industries areas. On the other hand, the abundance and diversity of phyto and zooplanktons and also the ratio of biomass to abundance of benthoses were decreased.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Increasing of biodiversity and reduction of production costs and alo increasing of shrimp production are the main elements of production security and continuation of aquaculture of shrimp in the country. The hypothesis of this study is made on the basis of aquaculture of pacific white legged prawn , litopenaeus vannamei, and that is economically better than Indian white prawn in bushehr area . This study was carried out with the objectives of determination of bionormatives of pacific white legget prawn and yield estimation per squar meter and has been compared with Indian white prawn. During 1384-85. In this study , the field operations were carried out after primary preparation and water enrichment with the juvenile prawn (pL 15) with 20 prawn per squar meter in the 3 ponds . During the study the phisico-chemical parameters such as water temperature, ocsysion, pH,two times per day , in the morning and evening and salinity , transpiration and depth water , only one time in a day were measured .The health of prawns and also sampling for the calculation of body weight were carried out in every 10 days . Feeding in the first month was randomly and after that was being continued based on the mean of the body weight. The results of this study have showed that the growth of this species is very fast so that during 90 days with the capacity of 20 prawns per squar , meter, it can be reached to 19.59 gr body weight with the growth rate of 0.217 gr . The mean of total production was 2737.5 kg per hectar with FCR=1 . During this study the salinity from 33 ppt to 54 ppt , water temperature from 24.3°c to 35.2°c , occsysion from 2.4 to 11.89 mg/l , pH from 7.83 to 9.01 , transparency from 35 cm to 90 cm and water depth from 100cm to 145 cm were measured and recorded . In the second year, the comparison of growth rate of white legged prawn and Indian white prawn was carried out in the four ponds. The results of this study showed that during 110 days. White legged prawns was reached to average of body weight 14.66 gr and Indian white shrimp, reached to 10.75 gr. The economical assessment showed that white legged prawn has an economical advantage around 2.59 times during 110 days with the capacity of 35 prawns per hectar.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This project in partnership with Azerbaijan State Fisheries Department and the aim of increasing fish production hydrothermal (Carp fish) at unit area through providing scientific and practical method in applying air device and nutrition management, a field area of 8.5 hectares and in ponds with 3300 m2 at village Eylarzgy carried at Urmia city. After preparation of ponds, action to release fry density was 6000 ha piece. Percent including 55 percent of silver carp (as most fish), Common carp 31 percent, 8 percent Grass carp and 6 percent of Big head with average weights 67 to 92 grams respectively. For fertilizing ponds in addition to basic fertilizer, during development, organic fertilizers (cow) amount to 24 ton/ hectar (Aslary) once every two days and types of mineral fertilizers (chemical) rate of 1012.5 kg per in three days once were used.In addition to feeding carp fish with natural food, concentrates and food for feeing Grass carp fresh forage (alfalfa) was used. Oxygen supply required for ponds were provided with one to two air units (Air jet). Sampling and biometry of fish and water samples for water analysis and identification of plant zooplankton (of the family and genus) once every month until the end of the growing period was performed. Resulting data were analyzed with Excel statistical software. Results showed that the production rate in the studied ponds was 4.74 tons per hectare and production of 3.15 tons per hectare in year ago, the farm has 50.5 percent increase compared to year ago average production rate in the whole province (3.21 tons per hectare) of 47.7 percent and the average production rate in the country in 1385 (about 3.8 tons per hectare) 24.7 percent increase shows.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In order to limnological study of Bukan Dam reservoir, sampling was performed monthly from determined sampling sites from April 2013 to March 2014. Sampling was conducted in reservoir lake by a PVC pipe with 2.25 m length and 5 cm diameter by columnar method. Besides, in more dipper (〉5 m) sites, sampling conducted from bottom to surface with 1-m intervals (layer sampling) by a 2-liter Ruttner type sampler. In rivers due to water flow sampling was conducted by a scaled measure. Phytoplankton sampling was performed by 1-liter bottles. Zooplankton was sampled by filtering of 30 L through 55- micron plankton net. These samples were then transferred into bottles and sampling date and the name of station were attached on the bottles. Then, the samples were fixed immediately and transported to laboratory. It should be mentioned some physical parameters were determined in situ. Also, a 2-liter and another 1-liter water were collected to determine chlorophyll a and chemical factors respectively. Samples were preserved in dark and cold place for a week. The upper layers (without phytoplankton) were removed and the lower layer (with phytoplankton) was sampled into 5-ml chambers. The enumeration and identification was performed by a Nikon TS100 inverted microscope with ×400 (Phytoplankton) and ×200 (Zooplankton) magnification according to Utermohl (1958) method. About 50 fields were enumerated for each sample. The comparison of physicochemical and biological factors with standard criterion indicated that the presence of a fertile plain, agricultural growth, drought and higher water demand in recent years, as well as, higher population density, the Saghez city which is the main source of pollution in Bukan dam reservoir has caused that Bukan dam is in the transit state from mesotrophy to eutrophy. The results of the present study suggested that higher trophy in Bukan dam reservoir together with algal high density has negatively affected the Fish life and has reduced the stock in the lake. However, complementary studies should be performed prior to releasing. In this way the problems of other ecosystems should be prevented.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: During the year 1998 1999 Mako and Mabhabad reservoirs were surveyed by Fisheries Research Center of Guilan province Mahabad Resevoir located at 36 47 N ( Lat ) and 45 , 43 E ( Long ) in western It has an average area of 700 hectares and is mesotroph- that Azarbiajan province chracterized by depletion of oxygen in the bottom during warm months In phytoplankton , Chrysophyta and in zooplankton Rotifera were dominance . There is low diversity of benthic animals in this reservoir and Oligocheata and Chironomidae are two benthic forms that comprise the most populations The fishes of this water body can be categorized in two groups : endemic and exotic . Ichthyofauna of the reservoir and its catchment area comprise 9 endemic species and subspecies and 9 exotic species and subspecies that located in 4 family , Cyprinidae , Balitoridea Siluridea and Poeciiiidae In the reservoir and its inlets and outlets , Cyprinidae is salient component of the ichthyofauna by a figure of 83.3 % . The fishes of this reservoir are ail kind of food zooplanktoniphagous level consumers such as phytoplanktoniphagous benthophagous and picsivorous Parasitic diseases are highly incident among the fishes of this water body and it can be said that fishes of the reservoir are widely infected by the parasitic diseases . The most important waterfowls and seashore birds are that migrate to the reservoir for wintering . The most commercially endemic fish species are Sia mahi ( Capoeta capoeta ) dace ( Leuciscus cepha/us ) and catfish ( Si/urus g/anis ) and commercially exotic species are common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) Silver carp ( Hypophtha/michthys molitrix ) and Big head (Hypophtha/michthys The annual catch of endemic and exotic species in 1998 were 124 and nobi/is ) Stock estimation showed over exploitation and 111.9 tonnes respectively underexploitation for exotic ( big head and silver carp ) and endemic ( dace and sia mahi ) fish species respectively . Estimation revealed that this reservoir annually can produce 14323 tonnes of silver carp big head and common carp and for achiveing this figuer anoually 394000 fingerlings of mentioned species should be released in this Mako reservoir which is situatd on Zang Mar river was built in 1995 It is 12 Km to Mako city with the geographical identification of 39 11 N ( Lat ) and 49 29 E ( Long ) It is a earth kind reservoir that has a maximum depth of 77 m . The length of the barrier is 210 m and the upper and lower wide of the barrier are 10 and 350 m respectively Three river entred to the reservoir are Ghezet Chay , Emam Gholi and Dibak .

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: According to population increase , the problem of protein providing that needs for people and limitation of fishing , in recent years fish culture in internalwater resources has a important role in most countries. These cases are : Provide for protein , employment opportunities , income for urban and rural households and optimal exploitation from water resources . There are so many capacity and potential such as : water resources , suitable lands for aquaculture and multiplication centers , permanent and seasonal rivers , labor and capitals in west Azarbaijan Province . In the past decade the aquaculture activities has developed in this area . Now there are 40 coldwater culture farm and 14 warm water culture farm in this province . Meanuhile number 2 warm water and 2 cold water farm and multiplication center with government s support are establishing . Cage Culture , fish pound farming , shrimp culture in ponds ,artemia syst harvesting from urmia lake are the another aquacultures activities in west Azarbaijan. Aquacultures activities development should be conform with resources and equipments , production factors , supply and demand of market , quantity and quality of production and disposition of consume , therefore the survey of mentioned variables relation with aquaculture activities has been important . In this research we explained the aquaculture potential and that s problems and limitations from experts , managers and fish farms owners point of view . Finally we can say there was a large and considerable activities about aquaculture development & expand in the past decade , But this activities has been without attention to market needs , quality of production , disposition of consume, financial sources problems , drought problems and expand of sub industries. That is more important that we have attention in site selection . The statistical results by using of Analys of Variance showed : 1 There isn relation between size of fish farm , quality of fish culture , the level of managers and fish farmers education , level of availability to experts & experienced and profit of aquaculture activities . ( a 〈 0.01 ) 2 There is relation between fish culture period , kind of culture ( cold water warm water ) farm manager s information level and profitability of aquacultures activities . ( a 〉 0.01 ) 3 There isn relation between total productivity of aquaculture activities and experience of manager & fish farmers , capacity of farm , and availability to experts . ( a 〈 0.01 ) 4 There is relation between managers and fish farmers technical information , kind of culture , quality of fish culture in cold water & warm water , training time , level of managers and fish farmers education and productivity of aquaculture . ( a 〉 0.01 ) 5 There isn t relation between managers & fish farmers education level and attain to aquacultures purposes . ( a 〈 0.01 ).

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Cheshmehkileh River and adjacent mountainous streams, play a strategic role as a historical axis for anthropogenic civilization, human welfare also habitat and migration pathway of commercial – biologic valuable fishes e.g. Caspian trout, Caspian kuttum, members of Cyprinidae family in south Caspian Sea drainage. Treats such as overfishing of Caspian trout and Red spotted trout stocks in mountainous headwaters, barriers construction and manipulations those are out of river carrying capacity developed by human activities, affected normal function of river as well. Sand mining big factories establishment next to the river, legal and illegal trade of river sediments, direct entry of Tonekabon landfill leakage into the river, development of Rainbow trout farms since 3 decades and huge effluents into the river containing dead fish and types of solids, escapement of cultured Rainbow trouts into the river, … are major minimum factors which needs basic information for integrating inclusively drainage management system. Cheshmehkileh River contains Headwaters of Dohezar (Daryasar & Nusha), Sehezar and Valamroud rivers during 13 monthly sampling phases between September 2009 and October 2010 based on macrozoobenthoses investigations by EPT, EPT/C EPA protocols, measurements of nominated physic-chemical and microbiologic parameters. Probability of Rainbow trouts escapement and invasion, existence, nutrition in Cheshmehkileh environment indeed investigated. Data analysis explained significant differences (P〈0.05) between groups of measured parameters in different sampling stations. Dendogram of clustered analysis based on consolidation of major biologic/ physic-chemical and microbiologic parameters, separated stations No. 1, 3, 2, 4 in one group and remained classified in different groups. Station 8 and 9 similarly separated which expressed general similarities according to Sehezar river environment which were differs in comparison with other stations. Station 11 separated according to its natural quality of water and environment. Similarities between station 10 to Sehezar river stations 8 and 9 expressed general influence of Sehezar River more than Dohezar River in Cheshmehkileh condition especially in station No. 10. High scores of EPT and EPT/C indices in upstream stations 1, 3 and 8 also low score of indices in stations 7, 13 and 6 expressed levels of environment quality between these groups of stations. Maximum average biomass of macroinvertebrates belongs to Trichoptera order in Cheshmehkileh River. Significant decrease of biomass in stations 11, 12 and 13 in comparison with other stations stated environment degradation in mentioned stations relevant to excessive sand mining as well. Pollution resistant groups of invertebrates significantly increased in downstreams against upstream stations. Also disappearing of Plecoptera order in station No. 7, 9, 10 and 13 stated low quality of environment in comparison with upstream stations. Confirmation of effects quality and quantity for point and non-point sources of imported pollutants require specific management considerations in order to present exploitations, pollutants control and emergencies for river monitoring in forthcoming years.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This experiment conducted to evaluate the effect of different dietary and bed treatments on earthworm (Eisenia fetida) for aquaculture. Concurrent with initial proliferation of earthworms, a pilot experiment also performed. In pilot experiment that conducted to become familiar with specialty and requirements of Eisenia fetida earthworms, lasted 4 months. The pilot treatments were including: 1) cow manure with covering its surface(control group) , 2) cow manure (C.M.) without covering its surface, 3) C.M.+ 5% wind sand , 4) C.M. + 30% saw dust, 5) urban compost , 6) C.M. + 20% alfalfa meal , 7) C.M. + 20% wheat bran and 8) C.M. + 20% rice bran . After initial proliferation of earthworms and performing a pilot experiment, two trials designed. The first trial performed in outdoor environment, inside the plots dugged in the earh, with six treatments. The treatments were including : 1) cow manure(control group) , 2) cow manure (C.M.) with vertical ventilation, 3) C.M.+ 30% saw dust (S.D.) , 4) C.M. + 30% S.D. with vertical ventilation , 5) urban compost + 20% C.M. and 6) urban compost + 40% C.M. The experiment lasted 6 months. In the end of trial in every plot, from 4 points, sampling for number of mature and immature earthworms, cocoons and the weight of earthworms were measured. The second trial performed in greenhouse by using wooden boxes. In this trial the treatments were including: 1) C.M. as control group, 2) C.M. + 30% S.D. , 3) C.M. + 30% S.D. + 10% alfalfa meal, 4) C.M. + 30% S.D. + 10% wheat bran, 5) C.M. + 30% S.D. + 10% rice bran, 6) C.M. + 30% S.D. + 10% soil, 7) C.M. + 30% S.D. + 5% fine sand, 8) C.M. + 30% S.D. + 1% lime powder and 9) C.M. + 30% S.D. + 200 ppm ammonium nitrate. Every treatment performed in 3 replicates. The earthworms reared in controlled condition for moisture and temperature, for about 4 months. The pH of treatments measured monthly by paper pH meter and by method of solution extraction. In the end of trial the number of mature and immature worms, cocoons and the weight of earthworms in every box were measured and the average weight of every earthworm calculated. The results of pilot experiment showed that covering surface the bed is necessary for maintaining moisture and darkness for earthworms. In wind sand treatment, the bed had sticky and compacted statues and appeared that the earthworms moved and activated difficultly. The saw dust treatment had a wet- spongy environment and the earthworms distributed well in it and their size was larger than control. Urban compost treatment unlike its suitable pH (equal 8), hardly accepted by the earthworms and they stayed in the corner of bed for more than one month. The wheat bran and rice bran treatments, both had sticky texture at the begining but by spending time, their beds improved. The results of first trial showed the Eisenia fetida earthworms can survive and growth in outdoor environment even in cold season of winter. In this trial the highest total number of eartworms and cocoons and the total weight of earthworms was belong to control group, that had significant difference with the treatments C.M. + 30% S.D., urban compost + 20% C.M. and urban compost + 40% C.M. (p〈0.05). The performing of ventilation in experimental treatments had not significant effect on the number of mature earthworms, total number of earthworms and their total weight compare to control group. The urban compost was not suitable for rearing Eisenia fetida, although addition of 20 and 40 % of cow manure could improve it for usage by the earthworms. The results of second trial showed that, addition of alfalfa powder, wheat bran, rice bran and lime powder to cow manure had not significant effect on the total number and total weight of earthworms compare to control group. The usage of soil in treatment C.M. + 30% S.D. + 10% soil caused significant decrease in number of mature earthworms compare to control group (p〈0.05). The treatments including addition of saw dust and saw dust + fine sand to cow manure increased the number of mature earthworms, cocoons and total weight of earthworms compare to control group significantly (p〈0.05) and treatment of ammonium nitrate caused significant increase in total weight of earthworms (p〈0.05) .

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Study and recognition of the Quanat water of Rafsanjan, Sirjan and Ravar cities has been beginning since the November of 2004. Among 228 Quanat chains were studied in these cities, 165 quanat chains had a discharg more that 10 liter per second (L/Se) which were sampled. In this research oxygen, pH, discharg, water temperature and air temperature were measured in two times and in the local place. Height from the sea level, longitude and latitude were measured (by GPS Machine) in one time and in the local place and other physical and chemical factors including No2, No3, Co2, total hardness, NH3 and So4 were measured one time in the laboratory. In this manner, the condition of connection ways of considered Quanat with city was studied. With examination on the Quanat water in above said cities, all of Quant was within desired extents for aquaculture activities. Moreover in some of them, water temperature was higher than 20 degree centigrade that with some changes and in specific months can be used in aquaculture.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: The phytoplankton, zooplankton, Macrobenthos and ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi with Physico-chemical parameters and pollutants of water were investigated in the Caspian Sea during 2007-2008. The sample station located between 48°to° 54° longitude and 36° to 39° latitude. The samples were gathered in four seasons and eight transects (half-line perpendicular to the coast) in Astara, Anzali, Sefidrud, Tonekabon, Noshahr, Babolsar, Amirabad and Turkmen. Sampling was done of 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100M depth of different layers. Nonparametric test and multivariate analysis (PCA) were used for statistical methods. Physico-chemical factors: The results showed that the changes of physico-chemical factors, includes: water temperature, salinity, organic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen (ammonium) are most important than other factors. The lowest sea surface water temperature was recorded in winter (7.2 oC) and highest in summer (29.8 oC) (p〈0.05). However, there was not significant difference at 50 and 100m depths in different seasons (p〉0.05). The lowest salinity was recorded in winter (10.42±0.14ppt) (p〈0.05) and the rest of the seasons, there was not significant difference (p〉0.05). The most inorganic nitrogen was determined (ammonium ion: 40.8±2 µg.l-1) in winter and the highest organic nitrogen (660.6±92 µg.l-1) in summer (p〈0.05). The concentration of inorganic nitrogen was evident from the surface layer to a depth of 100 meters (p〈0.05), but this trend was not observed in inorganic nitrogen (p〉0.05).The maximum concentrations of total nitrogen were measured at the near-shore stations (640.6±28 µg.l-1). The annual average water transparency was 4.91±0.24 m and increased in away from the beach (p〈0.05). Phytoplankton: in total, 191 species of phytoplankton were identified. The phylum of phytoplankton include: Bacillariophyta with 97 species (50.8%), Chlorophyta with 28 species (14.7%), Pyrrophyta with 26 species (13.6%), Cyanophyta with 25 species (13.1%) and Euglenophyta with 15 species (7.9%). Bacillariophyta and Euglenaphyta were had the most (51.49%) and the lowest (0.39%) abundance respectively. Nevertheless, Pyrrophyta and Chlorophyta were having the most (53.14%) and the lowest (0.54%) biomass respectively. Mean abundance and biomass of phytoplankton in the photic and the aphotic layers were a significant difference (p〈0.05). The average abundance and biomass decreased with increasing depth (p〈0.05). The most abundant and biomass phytoplankton was determined in the photic layer. Abundance and biomass of phytoplankton in the different seasons have been significant differences (p〈0.05).The most abundance of phytoplankton was in winter, fall, summer and spring respectively (p〈0.05) and the most biomass of phytoplankton was in winter, fall, spring and summer respectively (p〈0.05). Zooplankton: Also, 14 species of zooplankton include: 2 species of Copepoda, 5 species of Rotatoria, 2 species of Protozoa, 3 species of Cladocera, 2 species of newborn and larvae of Balanus and larvae of Bivalvia from meroplankton group were identified. However, the dominant zooplankton population was divided into three groups of copepoda, Rotatoria and meroplankton. Mean abundance and biomass of zooplankton in different seasons and layers showed significant different (p〈0.05). The most abundance and biomass of them in winter and the photic layer was determined. The mean abundance of Rotifera, Cladocera and protozoa in different depth was having not significant differences (p〉0.05). However, there was significantly in other groups (p〈0.05). The most abundance of them was in photic layer. Ctenophore: Average abundance and biomass of Mnemiopsis leidyiwere recorded 63±7 ind.m-3 and 7.70±2.34 g.m-3, respectively. The maximum seasonal average of abundance was 150 ± 17 ind.m-3 while the maximum biomass was 26.59± 4.61 g.m-3 in summer (p〈0.05). The lowest seasonal average of M. leidyi abundance and biomass were in the winter (6±2 ind.m-3 and 0.07±0.02 g.m-3, respectively) (p〈0.05).The average annual abundance and biomass of ctenophore were not significant difference in the 8 transects (p〉0.05). The maximum of ctenophore abundance and biomass were belonged to the depth of low than 20m (p〈0.05). The maximum of ctenophore abundance and biomass were recorded in the 5m depth of Anzali with 639 ind.m-3 and 158 g.m-3, respectively. Results of biological and non-biological factors showed that significant changes between euphotic and aphotic layers (p〈0.05).There were the most seasonal changes in the euphotic layer. The results showed that the presence of ctenophore is highly related to the presence of the zooplankton and phytoplankton and some non-biological factors. The water temperature is a limiting factor in the ctenophore Fluctuation at the winter, because of food presence (phytoplankton, zooplankton and Nutrients), M. leidyi have had the lowest abundance. Macrobenthos: Three phyla of macrobenthos (arthropoda, annelida and mollusca) include: 5 classes (crustacea, insecta, polycheata, oligocheata and bivalvia), 8 orders, 11 families, 26 genera and 24 species were identified. The most abundance and biomass of orders in the different seasons were belonged to polycheata (annual average: 2452±258 g.m-2) and bivalvia (annual average: 25±6 g.m-2), respectively. Macrobenthic abundance in all orders except insecta and oligocheata in different seasons was significant difference. The amount of seabed total organic mater (TOM) from the 5m to 100m stations was with an increasing trend and the highest percentage had in the 50m and 100m stations (P〈0.05). The percentage of seabed TOM was not significant difference in the different transect (P〈0.05). However, seabed grain size had significant difference (P〈0.05) and seabed grain size from the 5m to 100m stations was with a decrease trend in the size (P〈0.05). Macrobenthos and physicochemical parameters of correlation matrix showed that macrobenthos abundance in the between parameters have a positive correlation with TOM. However, it biomass with pH (positive), inorganic phosphorus (positive) and organic phosphorus (negative) have a correlation. Heavy metals: The levels of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn) of water had lower than standard and acceptable for aquatic life. Significant accumulation of metals such as Co, Cu and Cr in the sediment was observed at transect Sefidrud and Anzali and Ni at transects Sefidrud and Astara in comparison with six other transects (P〈0.05). Petroleum compounds (16PAHs): Concentration levels changes of petroleum compounds in seawater in different seasons was significant (P〈0.05) and in seasons of spring, summer, fall and winter was 56.5, 9.3, 14.9 and 19.3 of percent respectively. However, the concentration values in sediments of the sea in different seasons and transects were not significant difference. Maximum concentrations in summer and in Astara transects (8.02 mg.kg-1) were determined. In correlation matrix, observed positive correlation between petroleum compounds and Cr, Ni and Pb in sediments of seabed and between petroleum compounds and Zn in seawater. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs): The OCPs concentration of seawater in different seasons had significant difference (p〈0.05). The pesticides groups of DDT, BHC, Drin and Endosulfan in seawater in different seasons had significant difference (p〈0.05), but, it was not found in Heptachlor group (p〉0.05). The maximum concentration values of OCPs in all groups in seawater were determined in winter (99%) (p〈0.05). The seawater OCPs concentration in comparison of regional and stations were not had significant differences (p〉0.05). The only DDT group in the seabed sediment had significant difference in different seasons (P〈0.05) and the maximum of seasonal average, it was determined in summer (Average: 0.88±062 mg.Kg-1 and Max: 4.5 mg.Kg1). However, in comparison of regional were not had significant differences (p〉0.05). In correlation matrix, the groups of Endosolfan and Drins in seawater and sediment were had equal variance and the changes were included. There was high correlation of between Endosulfan and Drin with DDT group in seawater and with Heptachlor group in the sediment of seabed. Surfactant: Mean surfactant concentration (LAS) between different seasons had significant difference (P〈0.05). The maximum concentrations of LAS were in spring and summer (Anzali transect) was 0.084 mg.l-1 and 0.082 mg.l-1, respectively. Also, average concentrations in the spring: 0.06±0.003 mg.l-1, summer: 0.059±0.004 mg.l-1, winter: 0.042±0.003 mg.l-1 and fall: 0.031 ± 0.013 mg.l-1 was determined. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in the study area and station (p〉0.05). Based on existing standards, Surfactant concentration in the southern Caspian Sea region was not critical.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This study investigates the potential of Bojnord and Jarjam cities (Northern Khorasan province) for developments of Aquaculture. First of all, the current condition of Aquacture and fish farms were montiroed and recorde. Then, the information on geology, weather and climate as well as water resources data were gathered and evaluated. Climatology, geology and distribution of water reseources (i.e. reviers, springs, wells, and aqueducts) were prepared using GIS software. Evaluation of selected water resources in study area revealed suitability for culture of cold water fishes. Potentialities of the water resources for aquacture production were determined according to the latest guidline of Shilat organization. The maps of production potentialities were prepared for each water resources.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Over-fishing of marine resources has endangered many commercial fish species in the world; with aquaculture development, setting up artificial reef systems is an important way for marine stocks and fishing enhancement. The present study was designed to monitor fish abundance and species changes around a small and newly established artificial reef system in Moloo area at Bandar-e-Lengeh during two years after installation (Sep. 2005 to Sep. 2007). The artificial reef includes three types of concrete structures arranged in a seven by three grid. Each cross point considered as a sampling station and two other stations selected from two sides of the system as control stations. Based on obtained results CPUE (P = 0.00001), frequency (P = 0.001) and species diversity of captured fishes (P = 0.024) showed significant differences between three types of sampling traps. With type of structures, The CPUE and frequency of fishes in transect 7(mixed structures) showed the significant differences with other six transects (p= 0.001, P = 0.009). No diversity relationships were seen between transects (p= 0.100). In this study there were no significant differences between depths. Although the means of CPUE between seasons were different, but the ANOVA test could not show the significant differences because of the differention between variances. The T-Test showed no significant differences between the number per trap per day dominant species (Epinephelus coioides, Plectorhinchus shotaf, Diagrama pictum, Siganus javus ) in different seasons. Movie prepared from artificial reefs showed diversity of fish were more than that of fishing by trap. Although fishes increased but there was no enough causes evidences for product in artificial reefs. Therefore, the study need to continue in this area.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This study was conducted to determine some heavy metals concentrations (in water and sediments) and oil pollution (in sediments) in the southern Caspian Sea (Mazandaran Coast-Kelarabad). Surface sediments samples were collected at three stations from autumn 2011 to winter 2012. In addition, water samples were collected from autumn 2014 to summer 2015. All samples were perpaired by digesting and extracting processes and then determined using Atomic Absortion Spectroscopy and High Performance Liquid Chromatography instruments. Results of current study showed that annual mean contents of Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Cd, Hg and standard error (±SE) of water were registered as 8.38 (±5.69), 10.90 (±4.95), 7.17 (±1.20), 4.50 (±0.90), 22.29 (±7.10), 4.83 (±2.30) and 0.131 (±0.07) µg/l, respectively. The mean values of the examined heavy metals in water samples were obtained in order of Pb〉Cu〉Zn〉Cr〉Cd〉Ni〉Hg. The annual mean contents and standard errors (±SE) of surface sediments were observed 59 (±3), 25 (±1), 42 (±2), 28 (±1), 14 (±1), 0.16 (±0.06) and 0.020 (±0.005) µg/g.dw for Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Cd and Hg, respectively. Also, the mean values of the examined heavy metals in surface sediment samples were noted in this rank Zn〉Cr〉Ni〉Cu〉Pb〉Cd〉Hg. The mean values of Igeo were ranked as IgeoPb〉 IgeoZn〉 IgeoCu〉 IgeoCr〉 IgeoNi〉 IgeoCd and for enrichment factor were EFPb〉EFZn〉EFCu〉EFCr〉EFNi〉EFCd〉EFHg. The mean values of the contamination factor were recorded as CFCd〉 CFPb〉 CFZn〉 CFCu〉 CFCr〉 CFNi〉 CFHg. The annual mean contents of PAHs and standard errors (±SE) of surface sediments were registered as 2.81 (±0.73) µg/g.dw; among 16 compounds of PAHs, Fluranthene was contained maximum values (2.79±0.96 µg/g.dw). In addition, the concentration of naphthalene was below limit of detection. The Hazard Quotations (HQs) of all PAHs were calculated higher than unit in surface sediments. In conclusion, the results revealed that the mean concentrations of all heavy metals (except Cu) of water were below the threshold levels but maximum concentrations of Cu, Pb and Cd were above of the regulatory limits associated with toxicological effects, which repersented polluted condition in this area. Concentation of Cd in sampled sediments based on geoaccumulation index (Igeo) showed modrated polluted conditions for this regions, but other heavy metals were in unpolluted status. Cu, Cr, Ni and Cd contents of sediments in the samples based on enrichment factor (EF) showed no enrichment conditions for this region, but other heavy metals (Zn and Pb) were in minor enrichment status. The Caspian Sea sediments were classified as low polluted based on CF, Cd and PLI. The results revealed that the 16PAHs concentrations of sediments were below the threshold levels (except TEL) and mostly of pyrogenic (85%) sources, which represented unpolluted condition in this area. According to results of the evaluation of risks to the health of 16PAHs suggest that there is risk for the existing biota. Also, the Caspian Sea sediments were classified in Class 3 (Poor). According to anthropogenic sources of some heavy metals and PAHs of sediment, it is essential that the management and development of the cage aquaculture industry in the Caspian Sea to be made with environmental considerations and cautions.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Low hatching artemia cysts which has no use in the aquaculture can be decapsulated and directly use in larvae culture. In order to increase the knowledge of consumers to know the quality changes of low hatching decapsulated cysts during storage after production (especially fatty acids ) this research was carried out. In this work Low hatching cysts of artemia urmiana had decapsulated with sodium hypochlorite and other chemicals. We used drying room and f.b.d system for drying of this decapsulated cysts and package units had used for packing this product to cans. We had three experimental treatments of dry decapsulated cysts (3 type packing including vaccumed cans and free (plastic dishes). These treatment were evaluated at different times (comparing of before produce, after produce , 3, 6 and 12 months keeping after production ) such as fatty acids , fatty percent , protein percent , bacterial and fungal contamination and presence of aflatoxin the result of fatty acids using one way anova analysis showed that the variation of half of fatty acids specially DHA and EPA were significant ( p 〈 0.05 ) . Fatty percentage increased and protein was decreased about 12-15% during the one year storage we separated two species of bacteria and two species of fungi but they had no pathogenic bacterial and fungal. During 6 months storage the quality of products have less variation compared whit 12 months.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Aquaculture for human consuming species is being considered as the first substitution of catching aquatic species due to increase of human population and decrease of wild aquatic stocks. In this study, the hybrid sturgeon Bester (female beluga x male sterlet ) was produced for the first time in Iran. Sperm of 1.35 kg male Acipenser ruthenus was used to fertilize the eggs of 125 kg female Huso huso in Shahid Marjani Sturgeon propagation center (Agh Ghala, Golestan province). The fries of bester and control treatment of beluga were transported to International Sturgeon Research Institute (Rasht) after about one month by reaching to 490 mg and 377 mg of weight respectively. All fishes fed by artificial concentrated food (48-50% protein and 15-17% fat) after a period of feeding with Artemia and Daphnia. Sorting was carried out according to increase of fish weight for both fishes. Results showed that the imported sterlet spawners were not at the high maturation stages and especially the males had not suitable sperm quality. It showed that up to 2 months of age , these was no significant difference between bester and beluga weight but from this age up to 2 months of age the weight of beluga was greater. Meanwhile from 2 months old up to the end of the study (21 months) the weight of bester sample was significantly greater than beluga. The comparison of FCR for the whole rearing period showed no difference between bester and beluga (2.4 and 2.3 respectively). In general, the increase and decrease pattern of GR and SGR were coincided to each other, but showed monthly differences. Growth rate (GR) and specific growth rate (SGR) of bester were greater than beluga from 4th and 3rd month of rearing period respectively.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Anzali wetland at south west of Caspian located along of North West and southeast and with its unique feature were add on the Ramsar convention list in 1975. There were recorded a high rich of fauna and flora including 276 plant species, 23 reptiles and amphibians, 60 fishes, 26 mammals and 195 birds. Anzali wetland were encountered with numerous disorder with the eutrophication and the early dismissing. The first studies on Anzali wetland started by many international institutions in 1964. In this study the data of biotic and abiotic factors in Anzali wetland analyzed which belongs to different sites (15 to 38 stations) during 1991 to 2000 and were sampled seasonally or monthly in different years. The results showed the increasing trend of phytoplankton abundance from 7.9 to 66 million C./l. and the western part had the most abundant. The Cyanophyta had the most development than other 7 phylum observed in the area. In Anzali wetland identified 143 phytoplankton genus that 9 genus dominated in more than 80 % replicates and 7 genus had the abundance of more than 5 million cell/l. The Zooplankton abundant increased from 580 to 2200 ind./l. The Rotatoria had the most abundant followed by Copepoda. There was identified 104 zooplankton genus that 5 genus were dominated in more than 80 % replicates and 11 genus had the abundance of more than 30 ind./L. The chlorophyll a varied from 8.8 to 50.2 μg/l. and had a increasing trend after 1996, meanwhile it was measured higher than 25 μg/l in most of the stations. The results of benthic study showed that the Chironomidae and Tubificidae were observed more than other organisms which comprised 12.2 to 23.5% of total biomass of benthic organisms in studied period. The range of biomass was 1.1 to 7.8 g/m2. The ichthyologic survey showed presence of 60 species that 11 species were exotic. 28 species belong to freshwater, 17 species were anadromous and 8 species were resident in estuary. The highest and lowest fish catch were 640 and 288 ton in 1994 and 1999 respectively and it was about 500 ton at the end of period. The hydrochemical factors had the various fluctuation so that the nutrients parameters had a significant difference over studied period. Total nitrogen was varied from 0.78 to 1.41 mg/l and total phosphorus varied from 0.05 to 0.1 μg/l.. The oxygen dissolved amount was from 4.6 to 8.7. EC was between 3 to 5 ms/cm during September and October that indicated of Caspian water projection. According to geographic position of station, all biotic and abiotic data, were arranged. The data bank is used by Idrisi software to produce of necessary maps. Analysis of data showed that there must be a responsible department with a vast authority. Conservation and eutrophication prevention of Anzali wetland connect to special attention to catchment area and landuse management of the wetland. Also there is an urgent need for well-developed technologies and managements to reduce the organic pollution and its environmental impacts on the Anzali Lagoon.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Artemia has important role as live food in aquaculture nutrition. There are bisexual and parthenogenetic strains of Artemia urmiana which are living around the Urmia Lake. Selection of suitable strain for culturing programe must be considered at aquaculture industry. In order to find suitable at both strains for, the evaluation of ovoviviparous and viviparously characteristics must be done. The objective of the present study was to introduce the suitable generation for both characteristics (cyst & nauplii production) in bisexual and parthenogenetic strains of Artemia urmiana at urmia lake, Iran. This research was carried out at laboratory under similar and fixed experimental condition for culture. Each artemia was fed with live Dunaliella tertiolecta species .Adults at each generation were assessed the number for frequency of cyst and nauplii production and mortality rate. Results with using one-way ANOVA &Duncan test by SPSS software were analyzed. The results showed that there is significant difference among 10 generation at bisexual strain of Artemia urmiana for cyst-production and mortality rate (P〈0.05) and this variation was not significant for nauplii production.In addition that the seventh generation had high cyst-production and sixth generation had high nauplii-production in bisexual strain. The results showed that there is significant difference among 10 generation for at parthenogenetic strain of Artemia urmiana around urmia lake for cyst and nauplii production and mortality rate (P〈0.05). In addition that the seventh generation had high cyst-production and tenth generation had high nauplii-production in parthenogenetic strain. Totally, adults of bisexual strain was suitable for cyst-production and parthenogenetic strain for nauplii-production was suitable. The mortality rate had high at bisexual strain compared to parthenogenetic strain .It can be concluded that the seventh generation for cyst-production were suitable in both strains and sixth generation for nauplii-production in bisexual strain and tenth generation for nauplii-production in parthenogenetic strain were suitable. It is recommended to select seventh generation for cyst-production at both strains and tenth generation for nauplii-production at parthenogenetic strain studied.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The Gorgan Bay has situated in the South east of the Caspian Sea and water entersthe Bay from the Sea .it covers an area about 450 squar kilometers that is connected to the sea only by the passage of Ashouradeh in the north east of the bay . The water balance is almost constant and is not tidal. In this study, a model made for the bay on the basis of its water quality and quantity. Its reactions evaluated under different qualified scenarios and its surrounding water quality survey during next 29 years. Mike 21 software was used for 2 dimensional modeling . At first hydrodynamic modeling of the bay was done .one of the important factor was water depth which calculated by hydrography method of the bay. Then, a model made for the salinity of the bay. Since, salinity is a stable parameter, a sub-program TM ( Mike 21) which has the ability to make a model from the process of advection – dispersion was used. The amount of Manning (0.025) and Dispersion (50) coefficient calculated simultaneously with calibration of salinity model (D:square meter / second). Results from data verification of salinity model indicated about 3 percent mean error. The pollution dispersion type in the bay evaluated at six points of the bay using the method of dot constant source of pollution. Results showed that around 99.9 percent of pollution decreases under the effect of dilution process till the 100 m distance. Then modeling of dissolved oxygen , Ammonia,nitrite and nitrate was done by using of subprogram ECOLAB at the Mike software To make these models, first the sensitivity analysis of these parameters was done. Important parameters chose for model calibration and then data verified and also the model calibrated. The result of data verification test showed the mean error of oxygen , ammonia , nitrite and nitrate were respectively about 3, 4, 6.3 and 37 percent. Then modeling made according to four different scenarios which defined on the basis of pollutions originated from aquaculture in the bay (scenario 1: aquaculture at the first half year. Scenario 2 : aquaculture at the 2nd half year. Scenario 3: aquaculture at the whole of year. Scenario 4:cultivation of bluga for 3 years). Water quality of the bay and also different amount of aquaculture production surveyed during next 29 years under different scenarios of aquacultures. The places under pollution were included the appropriate places for aquacultures in each scenario that was already determined at the bay .Then the reaction of the Gorgan bay was determined under each scenario. The curves of pollution fluctuations were drawn along with amount of cultivation at the each scenario.At last, appropriate amount of cultivation was calculated at each scenario with considering of self purification of the bay that does not tend to pollution of the bay. On the other hand, the farms arrange, distances between farms and the number of cultivation ponds at the each farm was calculated. Finally, results showed that the aquaculture capacity of the bay is less than 300 tons per year.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Limnological factors of brackish water pounds of the rainbow trout, Onchorhynchus mykiss were studied at Bafgh region in Yazd province. Physicochemical factors, phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthic populations of pools, supply and drainage channels from different farms were studied in aquaculture cycle in 2002 and 2003. Means were compared using Tukey HSD and t tests. Meanings of factors in 2002 and 2003 were respectively: and 9.3 0.2ppt; dissolved oxygen 7.9 0.2mg/l water temperature 13.8 0.3°c and 14.9 0.6°c; salinity 12.3 0.2ppt and 7.2 0.1mg/l; pH between 7.8 to 9.2 and 8.1 to 9.5; depth of hyalinity 0.85 0.1m and 1.1 0.1m; ammonium 0.1-0.5mg/l; and nitrate 1.8-21mg/l. Main phytoplankton were diatoms specially Chaetoceros, and Cyanophyta. Rotifera were the dominant zooplankton. Benthic fauna mainly included immature Chironomids. Final mean lengths were between 24.7cm to 31.5cm, mean weights between 11179.9gr to 434.6gr. FCR between 1.16 to 1.6; DGR between 1.04gr/day to 3.03gr/day; production 0.03kg/m2 to 0.84 kg/m2. Supply channels had the optimum limnological condition for trout aquaculture. Limnological factors were often not significantly different between pools and drainage channels. Saeeid and Rangin-Kaman farms were the most successful farms.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute