ALBERT

Description: Accurate scientific and practical plan for achieving the goals of the Islamic Republic of Iran within the framework of Vision development 1404 , is the infrastructure achieving sustainable development of the country . Order to achieve the above mentioned objectives and in order to the comprehensive development plans in the country, Iranian fisheries research organization adjust the fifth developing plan for support of executive related departments in country with mobilization a large number researchers consists of several working groups of ifro affiliated research centers . The fifth developing plan consist of three chapters for report of the forth developing plan and intrudction of research , construction plans and financial support (budjet) for period of 2011-2014 A.C .

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In recent years, according to increase in consumption of fish in the world, however, due to the lack of control of many common diseases with disease-causing pathogens, the total world production of fish has decreased. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is one of the most preferred species in aquaculture of Iran. Development of an economical artificial to accelerate the growth and to maintain the health status of this fish is of major importance for sustainable rainbow trout culture. Fish diseases are a serious threat to economic viability of any aquaculture practice. Currently, the commercial aquaculture industry prefers to reduce the costs of production. Because the cost of antibiotics used for prevention and treatment of diseases, and excessive use of growth hormones for improving growth performance is very high. However, the development of antibiotic resistant bacterial strains, accumulation of residue in cultured fish and environmental problems associated with the use of chemicals have led to investigate on suitable methods of disease management. Therefore, a new approach to immunotherapy is actively used to prevent or treat fish diseases, increased disease resistance, feed efficiency and growth performance of fish in a sustainable aquaculture industry. In this regard, extensive research has been carried out to test the new compounds led to the development of the aquaculture industry. It has been proved that use of medicinal herbs in fish diet enhance the immune system against infections with various bacteria, especially, Aeromonas hydrophila in different species of fish, which is of the major bacterial pathogens, leading to heavy mortality rate and decrease the productivity efficiency, causing high economic loss of the fish farmers. The present project “the use of development medicinal plants in Aquaculture” with 4 separate sections reveled their results as follows: Part one: In this study, Origanum vulgare, Aloe vera extracts and placebo (70 % lactose, 10 % starch and 20 % talc) were used at a rate of 1% and levamisole at a rate of 0.1% of weight feed at a rate 2% of body weight.In conclusion, dried Origanum Vulgare and Aloe vera extracts at a rate of 1% of weight feed increased specific and non-specific immune systems in rainbow trout (13 and 2 gram) in identical weeks (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10). Therefore, these extracts can use to enhance immune system in aquaculture industry. Part two: In this study, some non-specific immune responses, hematology and biochemical parameters in rainbow trout juveniles (16 gr mean weight) and their resistance to Streptococcus iniae were evaluated following oral administration of Echinacea purpurea and Astragalus sp. extract. Three concentrations (0.5, 1 and 1.5 gr/kg of feed) of Echinacea purpurea and three concentrations (2, 3 and 5 gr/kg of feed) of Astragalus sp extract and control group were used for 60 days. Parameters evaluated included: levels of C4, C3 (complement components), free oxygen radicals (respiratory burst), Lysozyme, numbers of lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils. In the end, the relative survival rate (RSR) of fish was evaluated against S. iniae. The results showed that the levels of C3, lysozyme, oxygen free radicals, the number of neutrophils and lymphocytes in the experiment groups (the highest dose) compared to control group were increased significantly (p 〈0/05). While, the values of C4 and number of monocytes compared to the control group were not significantly different (p〉 0.05). The relative survival rates of fish following challenge with Streptococcus iniae, were 91/11, 93/33 and 44/44 percent in experiments (Echinacea purpurea and Astragalus sp.) and control groups, respectively. In conclusion, it may be state that Echinacea purpurea and Astragalus sp. extracts enhance the non-specific immune system and fish resistance against Streptococcusis, and it seems it can be used as immunostimulant in feed. Part three: Today, regarding the development of sturgeon rearing and importance of the aquatic health, it is necessary to apply natural material to combat pathogenic factors. Therefore, using medicinal plants is an excellent alternative instead of chemical material to control pathogenic factors. As, protozoan ectoparasites are one of the most important factors which have threatened sturgeon life, so this study carried out to determine lethal concentration of garlic (Allium sativum) and Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extracts on fingerlings of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) that the efficiency and the effective dose of theses extracts determined for controlling protozoan parasite naming Trichodina. Then, considering the results of the mentioned experiments, the study conducted on effective concentrations (EC50) of these extracts to combat Trichodina protozoan parasite. In this study the concentration of Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extract for final experiments was 200 to 600 mg/L. Therefore, it was determined for the first time that Zataria multiflora extract can be effective to combat Trichodina. The EC50 of Zataria multiflora extract for 1h bath is 437.62mg/L. Moreover, the concentration of garlic hydroalchoholic extract for final experiments set at 50 to 400 mg/L and the EC50 of garlic extract is 172.58 mg/L for 1h. In experiments of EC50, the differential counts of white blood cells (WBC) showed no significant difference in numbers of lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils in different treatments (P〉0.05). But there is significant difference in numbers of eosinophils in different treatments (P〈0.05). During the experiments of EC50 for garlic and Zataria multiflora extracts, no abnormal behavior observed in Persian sturgeon fingerlings which indicates that these extracts have not created stressful and irritable conditions. The final effective time for these extracts to completely eradicate Trichodina by garlic hydroalchoholic extract is less than 3h in 172.58 mg/L (EC50). But, for Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extract, it is less than 5h in 437.62 mg/L. The results showed that in all treatments of garlic hydroalchoholic extract, Trichodina eradicated completely from gill and skin of Persian sturgeon fingerlings during 9h. This time for Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extract is 12h. The results of this study showed that garlic and Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extracts with EC50 of 172.58 and 437.62mg/L, have categorized in low toxicity materials which are suitable to be replaced with chemical materials. This investigation showed that the therapeutic index of garlic hydroalchoholic extract is 73.15 that found to be more than Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extract (22.69). So, regarding this index, garlic hydroalchoholic extract is more healthful. Considering the results of this study which indicates the health of these herbal extracts, applying medicinal herbs can be emphasized as a suitable material to be replaced with chemical ones. Part four: In order to investigate the effect of ethanol extracts of garlic (Allium sativum) and Zataria multiflora on Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus)took the kids to the isolation and identification of bacteria , the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila by garlic (Allium sativum) and Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extracts to determine the lethal concentrations of hydroalchoholic extracts of garlic (Allium sativum) and Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extracts on Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus)children , and also to evaluate the efficacy and determine the effective doses of the bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila extracts of in vitro and in vivo were measured . Due to the absence of the Aeromonas hydrophila identification by molecular country in the study of bacteria isolated from sturgeon disease is suspected after detection by screening DNA extraction and molecular By toward action and results by NSBI Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria and Authentication Code NSBI was recorded in Gen Bank JX987090 . Based on studies done in vitro (in vitro) in this study, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria by extracts of garlic and thyme and arrange 1 mg/ml, 0.25mg/ml and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila by the extracts, respectively , and 2mg/ml, 0.5mg/ml. Study on the pictures taken out from sections of gill, liver and kidny of Persian sturgeon fingerlings (Acipenser persicus) showed that in different doses of garlic (Allium sativum) and Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extracts the teretment grups were examined and some microscopic damages observed. They are hyperemia, adhesion in the gill filaments, cell necrosis, melanin pigments in gill primary filaments, cloudy swelling of hepatocytes, liver necrosis, hyperemia and increase in melanin pigments and melano macrophage centers in liver, glomerular changes such as congestion and blocked the dilation of Bowman's space , bleeding, cell necrosis , cloudy swelling of the in kidney.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The Regulatory Roadmap for Health and safety of fishery products is a strategy to produce a sustainable regulatory future that meets the objectives of protecting the Iranian public from the sale and advertising of unsafe fisheries health products, and supporting the safest consumption of fish and use of health fishery products. fishery The Roadmap provides the vision to transform nearly a dozen current frameworks for fish and health that are of various ages and regulatory approaches into an efficient, transparent, and aligned regulatory products health fisheriessystem that contributes directly to the safety of I ranian’s and the benefits they gain from fish and ll also be cognizant of the previous work accomplished by the Department, which As a strategy, it wi products. -health product or fish over its full life fisheriesrecognized that there is a progression in the knowl edge about a sociated with the benefits and harms of a product cycle. This increase in knowledge reduces the uncer tainty as As a consequence, it is logical to regulate in a and can lead to improved health outcomes for Irania n’s people. cycle.-manner that reflects the full life meaningful - re than ever, want transparency The Roadmap also acknowledges that Iranians, now mo Key to promoting meaningful transparency (beyond just access to information online) is taking transparency. providing leadership, being honest, taking action to engage s takeholders and the public, showcasing sources, and The ability of the regulator to gain and disseminate packaged) information.-good (not only new or pre information will be complemented by the obligations placed on regulated parties. With this vision and guiding principles, the National roadmap for health and safety of fishery products lays out the way to move from the old frameworks to the new regulatory system. This will require the sequencing of a number of amending initiatives, some staged in the near future and others implemented in the longer term. While aiming for the eventual comprehensive amendment of all regulatory frameworks for food and health products under the Food and Drugs Act, early emphasis will be placed upon amendments that will deliver: • The clearest value to Iranian’s and the health care and food safety systems. • The greatest efficiency by cutting through unsustainable administrative requirements or approaches and replacing them with ones drawing upon international partnering, best practices and new technological advantages to contribute directly to the safety of food and health products. Building upon these early initiatives, the resetting of the frameworks will be accomplished through a series of more comprehensive amendments over the next years. The benefit to those in the National roadmap for health and safety of fishery products is to have: • operational sustainability; • international alignment; and • the enabling of innovation and excellence in science to improve health outcomes. The National roadmap for health and safety of fishery products is structured into three parts: Where we are: provides an understanding of the existing regulatory frameworks (for fish and fisheries health products, including pharmaceuticals, natural fish health products, biologics, veterinary drugs, industrial devices) that are to be transformed. Where we are going: provides the objectives and an outline of the new regulatory system for implementation. How we will get there: guides discussion on the planning and sequencing of amendments over the next years, both short and long term, to best achieve modernization for the National roadmap for health and safety of fishery products.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In order to do this study, 150 Persian sturgeon having 75g mean weight transferred to tanks with 500L volume. After dividing the fishes into two groups (experimental and control group), the fingerlings fed by concentrate food that contained different levels of Zataria multiflora essential oil (15g/kg, 25g/kg, 50g/kg, 100g/kg) for 8 weeks. Finally, sampling carried out on blood and serum of fishes. After preparing the samples based on standard methods, haematology and serology studies, performed. The results showed significant difference in mean and standard deviation of monocytes between experimental and control groups (P〈0.05). In treatment 25g/kg, monocyte count was more than other treatments. But there are no significant differences in mean and standard deviation of other white blood cells. The results of serologic studies showed no significant differences in serum indices (C3, C4 and total protein) (P〈0.05), but there is significant difference in mean and standard deviation of albumin. So that , the mean and standard deviation in treatments 15g/kg and 25g/kg and control group were more than treatments 50g/kg and 100g/kg of Zataria multiflora essential oil. Also , this is the first record of the anesthetic effect of Zataria multiflora essence on fish. In this research the effect of 50 and 100 ppm concentrations of Zataria multiflora essence on the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry with average weight of 15±2 grams and Salmo trutta caspius with average weight of 40±4 grams has been studied. In this research the water temperature was 16-17 ºC, dissolved oxygen 7±0.2 and pH═8. The average time of coming to unconscious in 50 ppm and 100 ppm concentration in both Oncorhyncus mykiss and Salmo trutta caspius was 3 and 2 minutes respectively; and the means of balance and return of anesthesia were 2 and 3 minutes respectively, and the average time of inducing balance and recovering consciousness was 2 and 3 minutes respectively. Moreover, in contrast there is a significant difference between the time of inducing unconsciousness and recovery in all kinds of fish (p 〈 0.0001). The fish anesthetized with 100 ppm concentration after transference to water without Zataria multiflora essence were calm for 30 minutes and showed no reaction to weak stimuli (such as touching). In regard of the time of falling into unconsciousness and the time of recovery by different degrees of concentration of Zataria multiflora essence there is no significant difference between Oncorhyncus mykiss and Salmo trutta caspius (p 〉 0.05). This research also shows that Zataria multiflora essence has an anesthetic effect but because of its unwanted severe irreparable breathing (respiration) side effects and also the deformation of the fish which is against the fisheries’ ethics (death accompanied with extreme pain) it would be better not to be used as anesthetics. One of the advantages of Zataria multiflora essence as anesthetics is its low concentration (25 ppm) for anesthetizing the fish and also its economical cost. In addition, this essence has antimicrobial and disinfecting effects and, therefore, it can remove the infection from the external surface of the body of the fish. One of the most noticeable defects of Zataria multiflora essence is that at the time of anesthetizing it causes a state of excitement and irritability in the fish which manifests itself in the speed of swimming and the possibility of jumping out of water. As a result, although Zataria multiflora essence has anesthetizing effects, it is recommended not to be used for anaesthetizing the fish, because it posses unwanted side effects that may even cause the death of the fish; however, it may be used as a sedative during manipulating the fish.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In order to do this study, 150 Persian sturgeon having 75g mean weight transferred to tanks with 500L volume. After dividing the fishes into two groups (experimental and control group), the fingerlings fed by concentrate food that contained different levels of Zataria multiflora essential oil (15g/kg, 25g/kg, 50g/kg, 100g/kg) for 8 weeks. Finally, sampling carried out on blood and serum of fishes. After preparing the samples based on standard methods, haematology and serology studies, performed. The results showed significant difference in mean and standard deviation of monocytes between experimental and control groups (P〈0.05). In treatment 25g/kg, monocyte count was more than other treatments. But there are no significant differences in mean and standard deviation of other white blood cells. The results of serologic studies showed no significant differences in serum indices (C3, C4 and total protein) (P〈0.05), but there is significant difference in mean and standard deviation of albumin. So that , the mean and standard deviation in treatments 15g/kg and 25g/kg and control group were more than treatments 50g/kg and 100g/kg of Zataria multiflora essential oil. Also , this is the first record of the anesthetic effect of Zataria multiflora essence on fish. In this research the effect of 50 and 100 ppm concentrations of Zataria multiflora essence on the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry with average weight of 15±2 grams and Salmo trutta caspius with average weight of 40±4 grams has been studied. In this research the water temperature was 16-17 ºC, dissolved oxygen 7±0.2 and pH═8. The average time of coming to unconscious in 50 ppm and 100 ppm concentration in both Oncorhyncus mykiss and Salmo trutta caspius was 3 and 2 minutes respectively; and the means of balance and return of anesthesia were 2 and 3 minutes respectively, and the average time of inducing balance and recovering consciousness was 2 and 3 minutes respectively. Moreover, in contrast there is a significant difference between the time of inducing unconsciousness and recovery in all kinds of fish (p 〈 0.0001). The fish anesthetized with 100 ppm concentration after transference to water without Zataria multiflora essence were calm for 30 minutes and showed no reaction to weak stimuli (such as touching). In regard of the time of falling into unconsciousness and the time of recovery by different degrees of concentration of Zataria multiflora essence there is no significant difference between Oncorhyncus mykiss and Salmo trutta caspius (p 〉 0.05). This research also shows that Zataria multiflora essence has an anesthetic effect but because of its unwanted severe irreparable breathing (respiration) side effects and also the deformation of the fish which is against the fisheries’ ethics (death accompanied with extreme pain) it would be better not to be used as anesthetics. One of the advantages of Zataria multiflora essence as anesthetics is its low concentration (25 ppm) for anesthetizing the fish and also its economical cost. In addition, this essence has antimicrobial and disinfecting effects and, therefore, it can remove the infection from the external surface of the body of the fish. One of the most noticeable defects of Zataria multiflora essence is that at the time of anesthetizing it causes a state of excitement and irritability in the fish which manifests itself in the speed of swimming and the possibility of jumping out of water. As a result, although Zataria multiflora essence has anesthetizing effects, it is recommended not to be used for anaesthetizing the fish, because it posses unwanted side effects that may even cause the death of the fish; however, it may be used as a sedative during manipulating the fish.

Description: The Regulatory Roadmap for Health and safety of fishery products is a strategy to produce a sustainable regulatory future that meets the objectives of protecting the Iranian public from the sale and advertising of unsafe fisheries health products, and supporting the safest consumption of fish and use of health fishery products. fishery The Roadmap provides the vision to transform nearly a dozen current frameworks for fish and health that are of various ages and regulatory approaches into an efficient, transparent, and aligned regulatory products health fisheriessystem that contributes directly to the safety of I ranian’s and the benefits they gain from fish and ll also be cognizant of the previous work accomplished by the Department, which As a strategy, it wi products. -health product or fish over its full life fisheriesrecognized that there is a progression in the knowl edge about a sociated with the benefits and harms of a product cycle. This increase in knowledge reduces the uncer tainty as As a consequence, it is logical to regulate in a and can lead to improved health outcomes for Irania n’s people. cycle.-manner that reflects the full life meaningful than ever, want transparency The Roadmap also acknowledges that Iranians, now mo Key to promoting meaningful transparency (beyond just access to information online) is taking transparency. providing leadership, being honest, taking action to engage s takeholders and the public, showcasing sources, and The ability of the regulator to gain and disseminate packaged) information.-good (not only new or pre information will be complemented by the obligations placed on regulated parties. With this vision and guiding principles, the National roadmap for health and safety of fishery products lays out the way to move from the old frameworks to the new regulatory system. This will require the sequencing of a number of amending initiatives, some staged in the near future and others implemented in the longer term. While aiming for the eventual comprehensive amendment of all regulatory frameworks for food and health products under the Food and Drugs Act, early emphasis will be placed upon amendments that will deliver: The clearest value to Iranian’s and the health care and food safety systems. The greatest efficiency by cutting through unsustainable administrative requirements or approaches and replacing them with ones drawing upon international partnering, best practices and new technological advantages to contribute directly to the safety of food and health products. Building upon these early initiatives, the resetting of the frameworks will be accomplished through a series of more comprehensive amendments over the next years. The benefit to those in the National roadmap for health and safety of fishery products is to have: operational sustainability; international alignment; and the enabling of innovation and excellence in science to improve health outcomes. The National roadmap for health and safety of fishery products is structured into three parts: Where we are: provides an understanding of the existing regulatory frameworks (for fish and fisheries health products, including pharmaceuticals, natural fish health products, biologics, veterinary drugs, industrial devices) that are to be transformed. Where we are going: provides the objectives and an outline of the new regulatory system for implementation. How we will get there: guides discussion on the planning and sequencing of amendments over the next years, both short and long term, to best achieve modernization for the National roadmap for health and safety of fishery products.

Description: Accurate scientific and practical plan for achieving the goals of the Islamic Republic of Iran within the framework of Vision development 1404, is the infrastructure achieving sustainable development of the country. Order to achieve the above mentioned objectives and in order to the comprehensive development plans in the country, Iranian fisheries research organization adjust the fifth developing plan for support of executive related departments in country with mobilization a large number researchers consists of several working groups of IFRO affiliated research centers. The fifth developing plan consist of three chapters for report of the forth developing plan and intrudction of research , construction plans and financial support (budjet) for period of 2011-2014 A.C .

Description: In recent years, according to increase in consumption of fish in the world, however, due to the lack of control of many common diseases with disease-causing pathogens, the total world production of fish has decreased. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is one of the most preferred species in aquaculture of Iran. Development of an economical artificial to accelerate the growth and to maintain the health status of this fish is of major importance for sustainable rainbow trout culture. Fish diseases are a serious threat to economic viability of any aquaculture practice. Currently, the commercial aquaculture industry prefers to reduce the costs of production. Because the cost of antibiotics used for prevention and treatment of diseases, and excessive use of growth hormones for improving growth performance is very high. However, the development of antibiotic resistant bacterial strains, accumulation of residue in cultured fish and environmental problems associated with the use of chemicals have led to investigate on suitable methods of disease management. Therefore, a new approach to immunotherapy is actively used to prevent or treat fish diseases, increased disease resistance, feed efficiency and growth performance of fish in a sustainable aquaculture industry. In this regard, extensive research has been carried out to test the new compounds led to the development of the aquaculture industry. It has been proved that use of medicinal herbs in fish diet enhance the immune system against infections with various bacteria, especially, Aeromonas hydrophila in different species of fish, which is of the major bacterial pathogens, leading to heavy mortality rate and decrease the productivity efficiency, causing high economic loss of the fish farmers. The present project “the use of development medicinal plants in Aquaculture” with 4 separate sections reveled their results as follows: Part one: In this study, Origanum vulgare, Aloe vera extracts and placebo (70 % lactose, 10 % starch and 20 % talc) were used at a rate of 1% and levamisole at a rate of 0.1% of weight feed at a rate 2% of body weight.In conclusion, dried Origanum Vulgare and Aloe vera extracts at a rate of 1% of weight feed increased specific and non-specific immune systems in rainbow trout (13 and 2 gram) in identical weeks (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10). Therefore, these extracts can use to enhance immune system in aquaculture industry. Part two: In this study, some non-specific immune responses, hematology and biochemical parameters in rainbow trout juveniles (16 gr mean weight) and their resistance to Streptococcus iniae were evaluated following oral administration of Echinacea purpurea and Astragalus sp. extract. Three concentrations (0.5, 1 and 1.5 gr/kg of feed) of Echinacea purpurea and three concentrations (2, 3 and 5 gr/kg of feed) of Astragalus sp extract and control group were used for 60 days. Parameters evaluated included: levels of C4, C3 (complement components), free oxygen radicals (respiratory burst), Lysozyme, numbers of lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils. In the end, the relative survival rate (RSR) of fish was evaluated against S. iniae. The results showed that the levels of C3, lysozyme, oxygen free radicals, the number of neutrophils and lymphocytes in the experiment groups (the highest dose) compared to control group were increased significantly (p 〈0/05). While, the values of C4 and number of monocytes compared to the control group were not significantly different (p〉 0.05). The relative survival rates of fish following challenge with Streptococcus iniae, were 91/11, 93/33 and 44/44 percent in experiments (Echinacea purpurea and Astragalus sp.) and control groups, respectively. In conclusion, it may be state that Echinacea purpurea and Astragalus sp. extracts enhance the non-specific immune system and fish resistance against Streptococcusis, and it seems it can be used as immunostimulant in feed. Part three: Today, regarding the development of sturgeon rearing and importance of the aquatic health, it is necessary to apply natural material to combat pathogenic factors. Therefore, using medicinal plants is an excellent alternative instead of chemical material to control pathogenic factors. As, protozoan ectoparasites are one of the most important factors which have threatened sturgeon life, so this study carried out to determine lethal concentration of garlic (Allium sativum) and Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extracts on fingerlings of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) that the efficiency and the effective dose of theses extracts determined for controlling protozoan parasite naming Trichodina. Then, considering the results of the mentioned experiments, the study conducted on effective concentrations (EC50) of these extracts to combat Trichodina protozoan parasite. In this study the concentration of Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extract for final experiments was 200 to 600 mg/L. Therefore, it was determined for the first time that Zataria multiflora extract can be effective to combat Trichodina. The EC50 of Zataria multiflora extract for 1h bath is 437.62mg/L. Moreover, the concentration of garlic hydroalchoholic extract for final experiments set at 50 to 400 mg/L and the EC50 of garlic extract is 172.58 mg/L for 1h. In experiments of EC50, the differential counts of white blood cells (WBC) showed no significant difference in numbers of lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils in different treatments (P〉0.05). But there is significant difference in numbers of eosinophils in different treatments (P〈0.05). During the experiments of EC50 for garlic and Zataria multiflora extracts, no abnormal behavior observed in Persian sturgeon fingerlings which indicates that these extracts have not created stressful and irritable conditions. The final effective time for these extracts to completely eradicate Trichodina by garlic hydroalchoholic extract is less than 3h in 172.58 mg/L (EC50). But, for Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extract, it is less than 5h in 437.62 mg/L. The results showed that in all treatments of garlic hydroalchoholic extract, Trichodina eradicated completely from gill and skin of Persian sturgeon fingerlings during 9h. This time for Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extract is 12h. The results of this study showed that garlic and Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extracts with EC50 of 172.58 and 437.62mg/L, have categorized in low toxicity materials which are suitable to be replaced with chemical materials. This investigation showed that the therapeutic index of garlic hydroalchoholic extract is 73.15 that found to be more than Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extract (22.69). So, regarding this index, garlic hydroalchoholic extract is more healthful. Considering the results of this study which indicates the health of these herbal extracts, applying medicinal herbs can be emphasized as a suitable material to be replaced with chemical ones. Part four: In order to investigate the effect of ethanol extracts of garlic (Allium sativum) and Zataria multiflora on Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus)took the kids to the isolation and identification of bacteria , the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila by garlic (Allium sativum) and Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extracts to determine the lethal concentrations of hydroalchoholic extracts of garlic (Allium sativum) and Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extracts on Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus)children , and also to evaluate the efficacy and determine the effective doses of the bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila extracts of in vitro and in vivo were measured . Due to the absence of the Aeromonas hydrophila identification by molecular country in the study of bacteria isolated from sturgeon disease is suspected after detection by screening DNA extraction and molecular By toward action and results by NSBI Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria and Authentication Code NSBI was recorded in Gen Bank JX987090 . Based on studies done in vitro (in vitro) in this study, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria by extracts of garlic and thyme and arrange 1 mg/ml, 0.25mg/ml and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila by the extracts, respectively , and 2mg/ml, 0.5mg/ml. Study on the pictures taken out from sections of gill, liver and kidny of Persian sturgeon fingerlings (Acipenser persicus) showed that in different doses of garlic (Allium sativum) and Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extracts the teretment grups were examined and some microscopic damages observed. They are hyperemia, adhesion in the gill filaments, cell necrosis, melanin pigments in gill primary filaments, cloudy swelling of hepatocytes, liver necrosis, hyperemia and increase in melanin pigments and melano macrophage centers in liver, glomerular changes such as congestion and blocked the dilation of Bowman's space, bleeding, cell necrosis, cloudy swelling of the in kidney.

Description: Today, regarding the development of sturgeon rearing and importance of the aquatic health, it is necessary to apply natural material to combat pathogenic factors. Therefore, using medicinal plants is an excellent alternative instead of chemical material to control pathogenic factors. As, protozoan ectoparasites are one of the most important factors which have threatened sturgeon life, so this study carried out to determine lethal concentration of garlic (Allium sativum) and Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extracts on fingerlings of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) that the efficiency and the effective dose of theses extracts determined for controlling protozoan parasite naming Trichodina. Study on lethal concentration (LC_50) of Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extract on fingerlings of Persian sturgeon showed that during 96h and 1h, the LC_50 was 766.65 and 9933.44 mg/L, respectively. Also, LC_50 of garlic extract during 96h and 1h was 1279.97 and 12624.08 mg/L, respectively. During experiments, all of physicochemical factors such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, nitrite, nitrate, ammonium, electric conductivity and hardness measured in different treatments. Study on the pictures taken out from sections of gill, liver and skin of Persian sturgeon fingerlings (Acipenser persicus) showed that in different doses of garlic (Allium sativum) and Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extracts the LC_50 was examined and some microscopic damages observed. They are hyperemia, adhesion in the gill filaments, cell necrosis, melanin pigments in gill primary filaments, cloudy swelling of hepatocytes, liver necrosis, hyperemia and increase in melanin pigments and melano macrophage centers in liver, moreover raise in melanofor and melanin, increase in mucous cells and lymphocyte also necrosis in epidermis observed in skin. Investigation on white blood cells (WBC) showed significant difference in lymphocyte and neutrophil numbers in different treatments (P〈0.05). But, there was no significant difference in monocyte and eosinophil numbers in different treatments (P〉0.05). During the experiments of LC_50 for garlic and Zataria multiflora extracts, some abnormal behaviors such as increased irritability, abnormal swimming, severe contraction of muscles and scoliosis observed in high concentrations. Then, considering the results of the mentioned experiments, the study conducted on effective concentrations (EC_50) of these extracts to combat Trichodina protozoan parasite. In this study the concentration of Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extract for final experiments was 200 to 600 mg/L. Therefore, it was determined for the first time that Zataria multiflora extract can be effective to combat Trichodina. The EC50 of Zataria multiflora extract for 1h bath is 437.62mg/L. Moreover, the concentration of garlic hydroalchoholic extract for final experiments set at 50 to 400 mg/L and the EC_50 of garlic extract is 172.58 mg/L for 1h. In experiments of EC_50, the differential counts of white blood cells (WBC) showed no significant difference in numbers of lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils in different treatments (P〉0.05). But there is significant difference in numbers of eosinophils in different treatments (P〈0.05). During the experiments of EC_50 for garlic and Zataria multiflora extracts, no abnormal behavior observed in Persian sturgeon fingerlings which indicates that these extracts have not created stressful and irritable conditions. The final effective time for these extracts to completely eradicate Trichodina by garlic hydroalchoholic extract is less than 3h in 172.58 mg/L (EC_50). But, for Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extract, it is less than 5h in 437.62 mg/L. The results showed that in all treatments of garlic hydroalchoholic extract, Trichodina eradicated completely from gill and skin of Persian sturgeon fingerlings during 9h. This time for Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extract is 12h. The results of this study showed that garlic and Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extracts with EC_50 of 172.58 and 437.62mg/L, have categorized in low toxicity materials which are suitable to be replaced with chemical materials. This investigation showed that the therapeutic index of garlic hydroalchoholic extract is 73.15 that found to be more than Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extract (22.69). So, regarding this index, garlic hydroalchoholic extract is more healthful. Considering the results of this study which indicates the health of these herbal extracts, applying medicinal herbs can be emphasized as a suitable material to be replaced with chemical ones.

Description: Today, regarding the development of sturgeon rearing and importance of the aquatic health, it is necessary to apply natural material to combat pathogenic factors. Therefore, using medicinal plants is an excellent alternative instead of chemical material to control pathogenic factors. As, protozoan ectoparasites are one of the most important factors which have threatened sturgeon life, so this study carried out to determine lethal concentration of garlic (Allium sativum) and Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extracts on fingerlings of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) that the efficiency and the effective dose of theses extracts determined for controlling protozoan parasite naming Trichodina. Study on lethal concentration (LC50) of Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extract on fingerlings of Persian sturgeon showed that during 96h and 1h, the LC50 was 766.65 and 9933.44 mg/L, respectively. Also, LC50 of garlic extract during 96h and 1h was 1279.97 and 12624.08 mg/L, respectively. During experiments, all of physicochemical factors such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, nitrite, nitrate, ammonium, electric conductivity and hardness measured in different treatments. Study on the pictures taken out from sections of gill, liver and skin of Persian sturgeon fingerlings (Acipenser persicus) showed that in different doses of garlic (Allium sativum) and Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extracts the LC50 was examined and some microscopic damages observed. They are hyperemia, adhesion in the gill filaments, cell necrosis, melanin pigments in gill primary filaments, cloudy swelling of hepatocytes, liver necrosis, hyperemia and increase in melanin pigments and melano macrophage centers in liver, moreover raise in melanofor and melanin, increase in mucous cells and lymphocyte also necrosis in epidermis observed in skin. Investigation on white blood cells (WBC) showed significant difference in lymphocyte and neutrophil numbers in different treatments (P〈0.05). But, there was no significant difference in monocyte and eosinophil numbers in different treatments (P〉0.05). During the experiments of LC50 for garlic and Zataria multiflora extracts, some abnormal behaviors such as increased irritability, abnormal swimming, severe contraction of muscles and scoliosis observed in high concentrations. Then, considering the results of the mentioned experiments, the study conducted on effective concentrations (EC50) of these extracts to combat Trichodina protozoan parasite. In this study the concentration of Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extract for final experiments was 200 to 600 mg/L. Therefore, it was determined for the first time that Zataria multiflora extract can be effective to combat Trichodina. The EC50 of Zataria multiflora extract for 1h bath is 437.62mg/L. Moreover, the concentration of garlic hydroalchoholic extract for final experiments set at 50 to 400 mg/L and the EC50 of garlic extract is 172.58 mg/L for 1h. In experiments of EC50, the differential counts of white blood cells (WBC) showed no significant difference in numbers of lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils in different treatments (P〉0.05). But there is significant difference in numbers of eosinophils in different treatments (P〈0.05). During the experiments of EC50 for garlic and Zataria multiflora extracts, no abnormal behavior observed in Persian sturgeon fingerlings which indicates that these extracts have not created stressful and irritable conditions. The final effective time for these extracts to completely eradicate Trichodina by garlic hydroalchoholic extract is less than 3h in 172.58 mg/L (EC50). But, for Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extract, it is less than 5h in 437.62 mg/L. The results showed that in all treatments of garlic hydroalchoholic extract, Trichodina eradicated completely from gill and skin of Persian sturgeon fingerlings during 9h. This time for Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extract is 12h. The results of this study showed that garlic and Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extracts with EC50 of 172.58 and 437.62mg/L, have categorized in low toxicity materials which are suitable to be replaced with chemical materials. This investigation showed that the therapeutic index of garlic hydroalchoholic extract is 73.15 that found to be more than Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extract (22.69). So, regarding this index, garlic hydroalchoholic extract is more healthful. Considering the results of this study which indicates the health of these herbal extracts, applying medicinal herbs can be emphasized as a suitable material to be replaced with chemical ones.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published