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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alpha2-adrenoceptor and NO mediate the opioid subsensitivity in isolated tissues of cholestatic animals (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Autonomic & autacoid pharmacology 23 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1474-8673
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: 1 Our previous report showed that in acute cholestasis, the subsensitivity to morphine inhibitory effect on electrical-stimulated contractions develops significantly faster in guinea-pig ileum (GPI) and in mouse vas deferens (MVD) (45.2 and 29.9 times, respectively) compared with non-cholestatic subjects. 2 The possible contribution of α2-adrenoceptor and nitric oxide (NO) pathways on the development of tolerance was assessed in GPI and MVD of cholestatic subjects. 3 Daily administration of naltrexone (20 mg kg−1), yohimbine (5 mg kg−1), and Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) (3 mg kg−1) to cholestatic animals significantly (P-value 〈 0.05) inhibited the process of subsensitivity in all groups. 4 Consistent with the literature, it was concluded that both the α2-adrenergic system and NO have close interaction with the opioid system and may underlie some of the mechanisms involved in the subsensitivity development to opioids in acute cholestatic states.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1474-8673.2003.00297.x
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  • 2
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    Economical study of the grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) culture in the Golestan province (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Striped grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) is a marine fish with high commercial value and widespread distribution. The grey mullet and some other mullets can be found in saltwater, brackish and fershwater habitats at tropical, subtropical and also temporal climates.This species is suitable for aquaculture worldwide due to living in wide ranges of water temperatures and salinities, acceptable growth rate, suitable food conversion ratio, marketability, suitable species for polyculture with shrimps, marine fish and even with freshwater carps. The grey mullet is farming in different countries such as Italy, Northern Africa countries ( Egypt), occupied Palestine, India, Pakistan, Japan, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Vietnam, Indonesia, coastal countries of southern pacific ocean and Hawaii. Ten thousands of fries of this species (average weight and length of 280 mg and 28.3 mm respectively) imported in March 2008 from Egypt. The wild fries colleted from surrounding natural waters of Alexandria. After finishing the quarantine steps, they stocked in four earthern ponds (each with 2500 m2) located at the Gomishan shrimp educational centre at late march in 2008. At the first year of culture the densities were 5000 and 10000 individuals per hectar and each treatment with two replicates. At second years densities changed with 2000 and 2500 ind./hec. and each of traetments divided fishes with average primary weights of 80 and 115 grames. The fries and fish feeding begins in April when the water temperature rise above 18 °C and it cut in fall when the temperature goes under 20°C. They fed twice a day at 8 AM and 2 PM and the amount was 5-7 percents of the fish existent biomass in each ponds. They fed with dry formulated feed made of Mahdaneh Karadj Company (Danso dry feed) both the first and second years of farming. The feed prepared for carps feeding and containded 23±2 % crude protein, 10 ±2 % crude lipid, about 7 % crude fiber, 15 % ash, 40 ±2% carbohydrates and with energy content of 4000±200 kcal/kg. After seven months culture period the average weight and length of fish in treatment 5000 ind./hec. were 113.7 gr and 21.1 cm respectively and in treatment 10000 ind./hec. the average weight and length were 86.6 gr and 19.6 cm respectively. At first year the average survival rate in different treatments was 77 percent. The average FCR in treatments 5000 and 10000 ind./hec. were 3.4 and 3.9 respectively. At second years after six months culture the average weights in pond no. 9 (with primary weight 115 gr and density 2000 ind./hec) , pond no. 10 (with primary weight 80 gr and density 2000 ind./hec) , pond no. 11 (with primary weight 115 gr and density 2500 ind./hec) and pond no. 12 (with primary weight 80 gr and density 2500 ind./hec) calculated as 476.6 ,338.1, 366.5 and 440 gr respectively. The average survival rate and FCR were 93 % and 3.1 respectively. Ponds no. 9 and 11 (fish stocked with primary weight 115 gr in densities both 2000 and 2500 ind./hec) selected as the best economic efficient treatments.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Commercial ; Grey mullet ; Cultivation ; Economic efficiency ; Mugil cephalus ; Culture ; Marine ; Saltwater ; Brackishwater ; Fershwater ; Species ; Aquaculture ; Salinity ; Survival rate
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 81pp.
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  • 3
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    Ecological study on fisheries important rivers and bays in the south part of the Caspian Sea 2nd phase: Gorgan Bay (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In this study ichthyoplankton, phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthics and hydrochemistry parameters were studied. 9 out of 11 sampling stations were in the Gorgan Bay area and 2 of them were in the mouth of the Bay. Ichthyoplankton survey were carried out in 6 stations and the other surveys such as phytoplankton, etc were done in 11 stations in 2009. Gorgan Bay map and position of sampling sites are given at the end of material and methods section. Biomass and frequency of phytoplankton at different stations, months and seasons were calculated that are presented in Tables 1 to 3. Hydro-chemical parameters such as water temperature, air temperature, visibility, DO, BOD5, pH, Alkalinity (bicarbonate, carbonate and total) , Hardness (calcium, magnesium), CL,EC, Salinity, N (nitrate, nitrite, NH3), Phosphate were measured and results are shown Table 11 . Biomass (mgr/m3) and numbers (ind./m3) of 47 genus of different phylum of phytoplanktons such as Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Pyrophyta, Chrysophyta and Euglenaphyta as well as different phylum of zooplanktons consist of Protozoa, Arthropoda, Rotifera and Cyliophora were estimated. Frequency of phytoplanktons (ind/m3) was 131.2, 1.6, 65.3, 18.9 and 23.8 millions respectively. Furthermore, their biomass was 308.4, 1.9, 1358.9, 295.1 and 124.7 mg/m3, respectively. The maximum and minimum numbers were observed in Leptolingbaya belonged to Cyanophyta and Diatoms of Chrysophyta 84.3 and 0.025 million ( ind/ m3) respectively. The maximum and minimum biomass was observed in Gyrosigma (Chrysophyta) and Tetradron (Chloropyta), 12317.3 and 0.014 mg/m3 respectively. The average biomass of zooplankton was measured 531.74, 30.77, 225.07, and 96.26 mg/m3 respectively and the total was attained 883.83 mg/m3 Table 5 . The maximum and minimum biomass of all zooplanktons was estimated in November and July, 3446.23 and 6 mg/m3 respectively. Furthermore, the maximum and minimum numbers of zooplanktons were found in September and July which were 48.4 and 0.002 millions respectively and the average number was 8.4 ind/m3 Table 4 . Also numbers and biomass (gr/m2) of 11 families of benthos which inhabit Gorgan Bay such as Annelida, Mollusca and Arthropoda were investigated in separated stations and distinctive months. The maximum and minimum biomass of benthos was observed in January (42.91 gr/m2) and March (0.6428 gr/m2). The biomass was considerable in April, February, August and December (Tables: 4, 5 and 6).
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Hydrochemistry ; Ecological study ; Fisheries ; Ichthyoplanktons ; Phytoplankton ; Zooplankton ; Benthic ; Sampling ; Biomass ; Temperature ; Visibility ; pH ; Alkalinity ; Salinity ; Phosphate ; Cyanophyta ; Annelida ; Mollusca
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 97pp.
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  • 4
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    Effects of Hibiscus rosasiensis as a natural carotenoid on growth performance, body composition, pigmentation and carotenoid in blood plasma of blue gourami, Trichogaster trichopterus at different stocking densities (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This study examined the effects of China rose powder (Hibiscus rosasiensis) supplementation (1.5%) on the growth performance, body composition, and pigmentation of blue gourami at different stocking densities (0.6 and 0.9 fish L-1). Four treatments were assigned in this study: China rose diet+0.6 fish L-1 (CG0.6), China rose diet+0.9 fish L-1 (CG0.9), control diet+0.6 fish L-1 (C0.6) and control diet+0.9 fish L-1 (C0.9). The results showed that after 70 days, there were no significant differences in growth and body composition between China rose treated groups and their corresponding control groups. Color parameters (L*Lightness, a*redness, b*yellowness) behind the operculum were measured on a weekly basis. Results indicated that in the most of weeks, there were no significant differences for (L*, a*, b*). However in the China rose treatments, the fish were brighter in the first weeks but turned darker in the last weeks. The fish in the China rose treatments had higher greenness and yellowness values at the end of the experiment. The amounts of skin total carotenoids, canthaxanthin and β-carotene in the China rose groups were significantly different compared with the corresponding control groups. Similar patterns were observed in muscle and caudal fin canthaxanthin and β-carotene contents. Significant differences were observed in the content of blood plasma canthaxanthin and β-carotene between C0.6 and CG0.6; whereas such differences were observed in astaxanthin, canthaxanthin and β-carotene between C0.9 and CG0.9 groups. The study shows that the China rose powder is a potent natural carotenoid source for blue gourami to enrich its color in low density.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Hibiscus rosasiensis ; Fish ; Growth performance ; Color ; Carotenoids ; Astaxanthin
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.619-634
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  • 5
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    Mortality factors in artificially reproduced grey mullet (Mugil cephalus L.) Fries (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Cultured nine year old breeders of Mugil cephalus L. were subjected to eight artificial propagation treatments from December to February, 2003. Some female breeders received two injections in an interval of 24 hours, and others received a gradual daily injection of 500 IU HCG per kilogram of body weight for five days and then subjected to the two injection protocol. Male breeders were given 5-10mg of 17-a MT in addition to HCG. The result of the process was the production of 117-2000,000 larvae in six series for each breeder. Water temperature and salinity during artificial propagation process were 20-23C and 32ppt, respectively. For larvae culture two trials were conducted. The final density of larvae was 20 individuals per liter. Water temperature and salinity in larvae culture tanks were 22-24C and 32-33ppt, respectively. The larvae were fed from their second day post-hatching with algae Nannochloropsis oculata with a density of 500000 cells/l, rotifer Brachionus plicatilis with a density of 20 individuals/ml and also Artemia nauplii with a density of 3-200 individuals/l. The particle size of dry feed used was 100, 300 and 500 microns. The daily water exchange in larval culture tanks at the first, second and third weeks of post- hatching were 10, 20-30 and 40-50 percent respectively. In the first round of larval culture trials which were carried out by means of circular tanks under water 80 cm deep; all larvae died 12 days post-hatching. In the second experiment, which was carried out by three black color fiberglass tanks with water 100 cm deep, the survival rate was 0.9 percent 50 days post-hatching. There are two vertical migrations during first two weeks of the grey mullet larvae culture. The first sinking takes place after the second day post-hatching and is probably related to the rapid absorption of the yolk sac and the resulting change in specific gravity. The second sinking happened 8-11days post-hatching and is probably related to the full absorption of oil globule and the resulting increase in specific gravity. These migrations were found coinciding with high larval mortalities (critical points). It seems that the characteristics of larval culture tank such as shape, volume and depth, the nutritional circumstances of larvae and the aeration procedure are important and effective factors for the mullet to pass successfully from these critical periods.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Rearing ; Breeding ; Fibre glass ; Fish culture ; Mugil cephalus ; Brackish ; Mortality ; Survival ; Larval development ; Fish larvae ; Aquaculture techniques
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.153-160
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  • 6
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    Study on rearing movine carps in The ponds of brackish water and freshwater (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In this study, mono culture of Cyprinus carpio in fresh water and brackish water with 3500 specimens per hectare with 3 replication each carriedout from midel April to end the October 2010 and mide april to end the October 2011 recptively. Juline fish with 40 gr weight takeup from the sade voshmgir and after prepara tion of rearing ponds were introduced to pond according to appropriate and caluclate stocking density. Juline were fed by concentracted food(GFC). Feeding calculation based on percentage of body weight varied from 5 to 10 % of body weight. In fresh water Average weight and lenghth were in the stage time stocking 40 gr 14.68 cm and at the end of cultuivation period were 704.26 gr and 37.04 cm respectively. Inorder to comparecultivation of Cyprinus carpio in freshwater with breackish water another stocking 350 specimens per hactar with 3 replications also tookplace in this study. Junlin fish with average weight of 40gr and average length of 14.12cm were introduced to the ponds. At the end of rearing period average final weight was 700.26 with average length of 38.86cm.mean daily growth in fresh water treatment was 3.39. in brackish water replication the average daily . average condition factor in fresh water was 2.41. The average value CF in breackishwater was 1.39. in this research was survival rate in the fresh water and breackish water were more 77%.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Cyprinus carpio ; Cultivation ; Freshwater ; Brackishwater ; Earthen ponds ; Rearing ; Carp ; Specimens ; Growth
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 53pp.
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  • 7
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    Investigation osmoregulation system of the Persian sturgeon released in the Gorgan River (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In this study, circumstances of osmoregulation system of the Persian sturgeon released in the Gorgan River in order to stock restoration have been investigated. Ten days old larvae sampled during 45 days from hatchery to the estuary. Samples taken form blood serum, gills and kidney tissues were collected from 12 May to 26 June, 2003. In the present study, Sampling sites were Shahid Marjani sturgeon hatchery, earthen pond, river water ( 2 sub samples ) and estuary. The blood serum osmotic pressure ( mOsm/L) , K^ + , Na^+, Mg^++ ( mEqu/l) and Ca^++ (mg/dl) concentration were measured. In order to investigate the condition of osmoregulatory cells development, histological experiments of the specific tissues have been taken place accordingly.Regarding to figs. (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10) , osmotic pressure of blood plasma was higher than the water ( the difference range is 14- 196 mOsmol/l). Statistical results (test of one way t student ) show significant differences between the medium osmotic pressures ( P=0.99). In cases of ions, the concentration of Na^+ and K^+ were higher than those of the water. There is also significant difference between these ions concentration ( = 0.01).In contrast, the content of Mg^ ++ and Ca^++ were lower than the water. Regarding to these last two ions, there is also significant difference ( P= 0.99). Histological experiments confirm the results and show a relative development of the osmoregulatory cells in gills and kidney in accordance with fish ages.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Osmoregulation ; Persian sturgeon ; Plasma ione
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 39pp.
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  • 8
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    Study on the reason of striped mullet (Mugil cephalus) larvae mortality and the production of its fingerlings (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In this study, nine years old farmed broodstocks of striped grey mullet have been induced artificially by hormones. Eight experiments of artificial propagation carried out during three months (from October to February) in 2003. The hormones used for males were HCG and 17-α- Methyltestosterone and to induce females the hormones such as LHRH-α2, HCG and CPH were used. During these experiments, 27 females injected which 22 of them spawned along with larval production. Water temperature and salinity were 20-23°c and 32 ppt during artificial propagation respectively. For larval culture, two different experiments carried out which final larval density in tanks, water temperature and salinity were 20 in/liter, 22-24°c and 32-33 ppt respectively. Larvae fed with live foods such as Nannochloropsis oculata , Brachionus plicatilis, Artemia nauplii with density of 500000 cell/ml, 20 ind/ml and 3-200 ind/liter respectively. Water exchange in larval culture tanks during first week was 10 percent of tank volume, and this amount in the second and next weeks were higher which have been 2030 and 40-50 percent of tank volume respectively. At the first experiment of larval culture, the tanks with maximum depth of 80 cm used that whole larvae died after 12 days post hatching; whereas at the next trial, three numbers of 4000 liters fiberglass black colure tanks with maximum depth of 120 cm used which tend to the survival rate of 0.9 percent after 55 days post hatching.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Grey mullet ; Mugil cephalus ; Mortality ; Artificial propagation ; Fingerlings ; Striped mullet ; Larvae ; Broodstocks ; Hormones ; Spawning ; Nannochloropsis oculata ; Brachionus plicatilis ; Artemia nauplii
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 38pp.
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  • 9
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    The effect of density and stocking weight on growth rate and production of grey mullet (Mugil cephalus L.) (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22065 | 18721 | 2018-02-01 08:53:53 | 22065 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: Around ten thousands fries of Striped grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) with average weight and length of 280 mg and 28.3 mm respectively, imported in March 2008 from Egypt. The wild fries collected from surrounding natural waters of Alexandria. They stocked in four earthen ponds (each with 2500 m2 ) located at the Gomishan shrimp educational centre at late march in 2008. At the first year of culture the densities were 5000 and 10000 individuals per hectare and each treatment with two replicates. At second year, densities changed with 2000 and 2500 individuals per hectares and each of the treatments divided fishes with average primary weights of 80 and 115 grams. They fed twice a day at 8 AM and 2 PM and the amount was 5-7 percents of the fish existent biomass in each ponds. After seven months culture period, the average weight and length of fish in treatment 5000 ind./hec. were 113.7 gr and 21.1 cm respectively and in treatment 10000 ind./hec. the average weight and length were 86.6 gr and 19.6 cm respectively. At first year the average survival rate in different treatments was 77 percent. The average FCR in treatments 5000 and 10000 ind./hec. were 3.4 and 3.9 respectively. At second years after six months culture the average weights in pond no. 9 (with primary weight 115 gr and density 2000 ind./hec) , pond no. 10 (with primary weight 80 gr and density 2000 ind./hec) , pond no. 11 (with primary weight 115 gr and density 2500 ind./hec) and pond no. 12 (with primary weight 80 gr and density 2500 ind./hec) calculated as 476.6 ,338.1, 366.5 and 440 gr respectively. The average survival rate and FCR were 93 % and 3.1 respectively.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Grey mullet ; cultivation ; density ; stocking weight ; growth ; production ; Mugil cephalus L. ; weight ; length ; survival ; Iran
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 23-34
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  • 10
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    The study of annual cycle of gonads developments and sex steroids of gray mullet, Mugil cephalus in Golestan Province (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25319 | 18721 | 2018-09-11 09:09:09 | 25319 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Grey mullet, Mugil cephalus is one of the most famous and valuable fish on the fisheries and aquaculture industry. This species is the most suitable to introducing the southern, northern and central regions of our country due to high resistant to large variation of water salinity and temperature. On the monthly sampling period biometric data including total length and total weight recorded and length and weight classes for every sex were determined. To understanding of physiological functions and sexual development of reproductive organs, this investigation carried out with Grey mullet imported from Hong Kong by 1993. Findings of this research can be used for management of artificial breeding of this species. Daily variation of pond water temperature was recorded. Sex steroid hormones and other plasma metabolites such as Ca^2+, cholesterol, triglycerides and total proteins were measured by blood sampling. Gonad samples were prepared in order to histological studies. Oocyte growth was studied by measurement of egg diameters. Measured values of cholesterol, triglycerides of blood plasma revealed that these metabolites have seasonal variation and severely deposited on the summer and mobilized on the spawning seasons. Findings of this research suggested that egg diameters, values of sex steroid hormones (estradiol and progesterone) and Calcium concentrations of fish blood plasma shortening increased a long with day length shortening.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Golestan province ; Mugil cephalus ; Sex steroid hormones ; Plasma metabolites ; Gonads ; Gray mullet ; Mugil cephalus ; Fisheries ; Aquaculture ; Species ; Salinity ; Temperature ; Sampling ; Estradiol ; Progesterone ; Calcium
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 53
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