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  • General Chemistry  (12.763)
  • Animals  (7.013)
  • Humans  (6.277)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (5.557)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (4.431)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (3.921)
  • 2020-2024  (14)
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  • 1995-1999  (17.340)
  • 1970-1974  (8.057)
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  • 1
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    Quantification of bone surface textures: exploring a new method of ontogenetic ageing (2023)
    In:  Journal of Analytical Science and Technology vol. 14 no. 1
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-26
    Beschreibung: Identifcation of ontogenetic age classes plays an important role in the felds of zoology, palaeontology and archaeology, where accurate age classifcations of (sub)fossil remains are a crucial component for the reconstruction \nof past life. Textural ageing\xe2\x80\x94the identifcation of age-related bone surface textures\xe2\x80\x94provides a size-independent \nmethod for age assessment of vertebrate material. However, most of the work so far is limited to qualitative results. \nWhile qualitative approaches provide helpful insights on textural ageing patterns, they are heavily subject to observer \nbias and fall short of quantitative data relevant for detailed statistical analyses and cross-comparisons. Here, we present a pilot study on the application of 3D surface digital microscopy to quantify bone surface textures on the long \nbones of the grey heron (Ardea cinerea) and the Canada goose (Branta canadensis) using internationally verifed \nroughness parameters. Using a standardised measuring protocol, computed roughness values show a strong correlation with qualitative descriptions of textural patterns. Overall, higher roughness values correspond to increased numbers of grooves and pits and vice versa. Most of the roughness parameters allowed distinguishing between diferent \nontogenetic classes and closely followed the typical sigmoidal animal growth curve. Our results show that bone \ntexture quantifcation is a feasible approach to identifying ontogenetic age classes.
    Schlagwort(e): General Physics and Astronomy ; General Environmental Science ; General Biochemistry ; Genetics and Molecular Biology ; General Materials Science ; General Chemistry ; Roughness ; Surfaces ; Taphonomy ; Topography ; Bone ; Ontogeny ; Digital microscopy
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    Calgary (2022)
    University of Calgary Press
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-07-19
    Beschreibung: How have our interactions with animals shaped Calgary? What can we do to ensure that humans and animals in the city continue to co-exist, and even flourish together? This wide-ranging book explores the ways that animals inhabit our city, our lives and our imaginations. Essays from animal historians, wildlife specialists, artists and writers address key issues such as human-wildlife interactions, livestock in the city, and animal performers at the Calgary Stampede. Contributions from some of Calgary's iconic arts institutions, including One Yellow Rabbit Performance Theatre, Decidedly Jazz Danceworks, and the Glenbow Museum, demonstrate how animals continue to be a source of inspiration and exploration for fashion, art, dance, and theatre. The full-colour volume is beautifully illustrated throughout with archival images, wildlife photography, documentary and production stills, and original artwork. Calgary: City of Animals is published in co-operation with the Calgary Institute for the Humanities.
    Schlagwort(e): Nature ; Animals ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFZ Animals & society
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 3
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    Animal Metropolis (2022)
    University of Calgary Press
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-07-19
    Beschreibung: Animal Metropolis brings a Canadian perspective to the growing field of animal history, ranging across species and cities, from the beavers who engineered Stanley Park to the carthorses who shaped the city of Montreal. Some essays consider animals as spectacle: orca captivity in Vancouver, polar bear tourism in Churchill, Manitoba, fish on display in the Dominion Fisheries Museum, and the racialized memory of Jumbo the elephant in St. Thomas, Ontario. Others examine the bodily intimacies of shared urban spaces: the regulation of rabid dogs in Banff, the maternal politics of pure milk in Hamilton and the circulation of tetanus bacilli from horse to human in Toronto. Another considers the marginalization of women in Canada’s animal welfare movement. The authors collectively push forward from a historiography that features nonhuman animals as objects within human-centered inquiries to a historiography that considers the eclectic contacts, exchanges, and cohabitation of human and nonhuman animals. With contributions by: Kristoffer Archibald, Jason Colby, George Colpitts, Joanna Dean, Carla Hustak, Darcy Ingram, Sean Kheraj, William Knight, Sherry Olson, Rachel Poliquin, and Christabelle Sethna
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Anthropology ; Environmental Science ; History ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFZ Animals & society
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 4
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    Hidden Depths (2022)
    White Rose University Press | White Rose University Press
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-12-06
    Beschreibung: In Hidden Depths, Professor Penny Spikins explores how our emotional connections have shaped human ancestry. Focusing on three key transitions in human origins, Professor Spikins explains how the emotional capacities of our early ancestors evolved in response to ecological changes, much like similar changes in other social mammals. For each transition, dedicated chapters examine evolutionary pressures, responses in changes in human emotional capacities and the archaeological evidence for human social behaviours. Starting from our earliest origins, in Part One, Professor Spikins explores how after two million years ago, movement of human ancestors into a new ecological niche drove new types of collaboration, including care for vulnerable members of the group. Emotional adaptations lead to cognitive changes, as new connections based on compassion, generosity, trust and inclusion also changed our relationship to material things. Part Two explores a later key transition in human emotional capacities occurring after 300,000 years ago. At this time changes in social tolerance allowed ancestors of our own species to further reach out beyond their local group and care about distant allies, making human communities resilient to environmental changes. An increasingly close relationship to animals, and even to cherished possessions, appeared at this time, and can be explained through new human vulnerabilities and ways of seeking comfort and belonging. Lastly, Part Three focuses on the contrasts in emotional dispositions arising between ourselves and our close cousins, the Neanderthals. Neanderthals are revealed as equally caring yet emotionally different humans, who might, if things had been different, have been in our place today. This new narrative breaks away from traditional views of human evolution as exceptional or as a linear progression towards a more perfect form. Instead, our evolutionary history is situated within similar processes occurring in other mammals, and explained as one in which emotions, rather than ‘intellect’, were key to our evolutionary journey. Moreover, changes in emotional capacities and dispositions are seen as part of differing pathways each bringing strengths, weaknesses and compromises. These hidden depths provide an explanation for many of the emotional sensitivities and vulnerabilities which continue to influence our world today.
    Schlagwort(e): Human demography ; Group size ; Lithic transfers ; Raw material movements ; Bonobos ; Dog burial ; Comfort ; Symbolic objects ; Symbolism ; Mobiliary art ; Attachment fluidity ; Hypersociability ; Human-animal relationships ; Dog domestication ; Attachment object ; Approachability ; Approach behaviour ; Avoidance behaviour ; Androgens ; Physiological responses ; Cognitive Archaeology ; Autism Spectrum Condition ; Handaxe ; Biface ; Neurodiversity ; Palaeolithic stone tools ; Evolution of neurodiversity ; Rock art ; Ice age art ; Material Culture ; Cultural transmission ; Emotional commitment ; Biopsychosocial approach ; Social tolerance ; Attachment ; Genus Homo ; Acheulian ; Cultural evolution ; Skeletal abnormality ; Injury ; Illness ; Interdependence ; Emotional sensitivity ; Moral emotions ; Evolution of Altruism ; Hominins ; Upper Palaeolithic ; Lower Palaeolithic ; Ecological niche ; Selective pressure ; Behavioural ecology ; Wolves ; Affective empathy ; Cognitive empathy ; Theory of mind ; Human Cognition ; Vulnerability ; Evolutionary Psychology ; Developmental psychology ; Helping behaviours ; Social cognition ; Social mammals ; Human Emotion ; Human social collaboration ; Generosity ; Emotional brain ; Social emotions ; Comparative behaviour ; Evolution ; Social carnivores ; Primate behavioural ecology ; Primate social systems ; Human Evolution ; Human ancestors ; Collaboration ; Evolutionary Biology ; Emotional vulnerability ; Social connection ; Decolonisation ; Social networks ; Middle Palaeolithic ; Community resilience ; Convergent evolution ; Chimpanzee ; Origin of modern humans ; Social safeness ; Wolf domestication ; Cherished possessions ; Compensatory attachment ; Loneliness ; Palaeolithic art ; Stress reactivity ; Bonding hormones ; Humans ; Hunter-gatherers ; Intergroup collaboration ; Tolerance ; Emotional connection ; Autism ; Trust ; Early Prehistory ; Palaeopathology ; Origins of healthcare ; Human self-domestication ; Palaeolithic Archaeology ; Social brain ; Care-giving ; Empathy ; Neanderthals ; Compassion ; Social Connection ; Evolution of Emotions ; Human Origins ; Adaptation ; Prehistory ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HD Archaeology ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPW Political activism::JPWQ Revolutionary groups & movements ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology
    Sprache: Englisch
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    E-BOOK
  • 5
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    Sentient Ecologies (2022)
    Berghahn Books | Berghahn Books
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-02-02
    Beschreibung: Employing methodological perspectives from the fields of political geography, environmental studies, anthropology, and their cognate disciplines, this volume explores alternative logics of sentient landscapes as racist, xenophobic, and right-wing. While the field of sentient landscapes has gained critical attention, the literature rarely seems to question the intentionality of sentient landscapes, which are often romanticized as pure, good, and just, and perceived as protectors of those who are powerless, indigenous, and colonized. The book takes a new stance on sentient landscapes with the intention of dispelling the denial of “coevalness” represented by their scholarly romanticization.
    Schlagwort(e): Social Science ; Sociology ; Rural ; Nature ; Animals ; Social Science ; Anthropology ; Cultural & Social ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFS Social groups::JFSF Rural communities ; bic Book Industry Communication::W Lifestyle, sport & leisure::WN Natural history::WNC Wildlife: general interest ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social & cultural anthropology, ethnography
    Sprache: Englisch
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    E-BOOK
  • 6
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    Pacific Climate Cultures (2022)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter Open Poland
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-11-22
    Beschreibung: This edited volume examines the opportunities to think, do, and/or create jointly afforded by digital storytelling. The contributors discuss digital storytelling in the context of educational programs, teaching anthropology, and ethnographic research involving a variety of populations and subjects that will appeal to researchers and practitioners engaged with qualitative methods and pedagogies that rely on media technology.
    Schlagwort(e): Discourse ; Climate Change ; Humans ; Nature ; Oceania ; Resilience ; Environmental Ethics ; Environmental Change ; Worldview ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFC Social impact of disasters ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFH Popular beliefs & controversial knowledge::JFHF Folklore, myths & legends ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFS Social groups::JFSL Ethnic studies::JFSL9 Indigenous peoples ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBD Population & demography ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSX Human biology::PSXM Medical anthropology
    Sprache: Englisch
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    E-BOOK
  • 7
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    How nature shaped echolocation in animals (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-31
    Beschreibung: Echolocation has evolved in different groups of animals, from bats and cetaceans to birds and humans, and enables localization and tracking of objects in a dynamic environment, where light levels may be very low or absent. Nature has shaped echolocation, an active sense that engages audiomotor feedback systems, which operates in diverse environments and situations. Echolocation production and perception vary across species, and signals are often adapted to the environment and task. In the last several decades, researchers have been studying the echolocation behavior of animals, both in the air and underwater, using different methodologies and perspectives. The result of these studies has led to rich knowledge on sound production mechanisms, directionality of the sound beam, signal design, echo reception and perception. Active control over echolocation signal production and the mechanisms for echo processing ultimately provide animals with an echoic scene or image of their surroundings. Sonar signal features directly influence the information available for the echolocating animal to perceive images of its environment. In many echolocating animals, the information processed through echoes elicits a reaction in motor systems, including adjustments in subsequent echolocation signals. We are interested in understanding how echolocating animals deal with different environments (e.g. clutter, light levels), tasks, distance to targets or objects, different prey types or other food sources, presence of conspecifics or certain predators, ambient and anthropogenic noise. In recent years, some researchers have presented new data on the origins of echolocation, which can provide a hint of its evolution. Theoreticians have addressed several issues that bear on echolocation systems, such as frequency or time resolution, target localization and beam-forming mechanisms. In this Research Topic we compiled recent work that elucidates how echolocation – from sound production, through echolocation signals to perception- has been shaped by nature functioning in different environments and situations. We strongly encouraged comparative approaches that would deepen our understanding of the processes comprising this active sense.
    Schlagwort(e): QP1-981 ; Q1-390 ; bats ; Biosonar ; Humans ; marine mammals ; sensory biology ; Birds ; Behavior ; Communication ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MF Pre-clinical medicine: basic sciences::MFG Physiology
    Sprache: Englisch
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    E-BOOK
  • 8
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    Multispezies-Ethnographie (2021)
    transcript Verlag | transcript Verlag
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-28
    Beschreibung: Wie werden Natur und Tiere durch die Multispezies-Ethnographie inklusiv in Forschungsprojekte integriert? Katharina Ameli fokussiert die inter- und multidisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit. Aus einer Untersuchung der Schnittstellen zwischen gesellschafts- und naturwissenschaftlich orientierten Fachdisziplinen ergibt sich eine komplexe Betrachtung von Natur, Mensch und Tier. Die Einblicke in Interdependenzen unterschiedlicher Fachdisziplinen verdeutlichen den Bedarf an einer Multispezies-Ethnographie zur Analyse von MenschenTiereNaturenKulturen.
    Schlagwort(e): Natur ; Mensch ; Tiere ; Naturverständnis ; Interdisziplinarität ; Qualitative Forschung ; Kultur ; Ethnographie ; Umwelt ; Tier ; Human-animal Studies ; Umweltsoziologie ; Kulturanthropologie ; Kultursoziologie ; Kulturwissenschaft ; Nature ; Human ; Animals ; Understanding of Nature ; Interdisciplinarity ; Qualitative Research ; Culture ; Ethnography ; Environment ; Animal ; Environmental Sociology ; Cultural Anthropology ; Sociology of Culture ; Cultural Studies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues::JBFU Animals and society ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNT Social impact of environmental issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social and cultural anthropology
    Sprache: Deutsch
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    E-BOOK
  • 9
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    Chocolate and Health: Friend or Foe? (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-30
    Beschreibung: In the ancient past, cocoa has been appreciated as a high-calorie food to boost energy in soldiers and for its undefined medicinal and mystical properties. During other times, chocolate has been considered as the forbidden “food of God”: a treasure of pleasure for the mind and the soul. The overall perception of the consumer for chocolate was of a “charming” and appealing food with lots of negative aspects related to high sugar content leading to consider chocolate as “junk food” for its “obesigen” calories. Recently, in association with the renewed interest of nutrition science in alternative source of health-promoting foods and ingredients, a large body of research has been conducted to unravel the pro and cons of cocoa in relation to human health. Epidemiological evidences indicate that cocoa consumption helps preventing cardiovascular disease for its high content in bioactive flavonoids. Clinical trials show that chocolate consumption might improve vascular function, decreasing platelet aggregation and display an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect. The putative protective action of cocoa seems to be multi-factorial and involving different aspects of vascular, antioxidant and endothelial function. However, the mechanism(s) that account for the benefits of cocoa it is still unclear. The aim of this Research Topic is therefore to provide the reader with an objective picture of the state of art on the association between cocoa and health, mainly through the evidences of human trials; overwhelmingly considered the golden standard for nutritional science. The Research Topic will cover the analysis of the manufacturing processes of the chocolate and the antioxidant effects in humans as well as the majority of the putative health effects of chocolate and cocoa, such as anti-inflammatory properties, effect on immunity, platelet aggregation, blood pressure, endothelial function and cognitive behavior. Unraveling the functional properties of cocoa will help to understand if the 'food of God' is a primordial gift for the health of mankind.
    Schlagwort(e): R5-920 ; RC581-607 ; TX341-641 ; Antioxidants ; Obesity ; Flavonoids ; Humans ; Chocolate ; Blood pressure ; Inflammation ; Cognitive function ; Cocoa ; Immunity
    Sprache: Englisch
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    E-BOOK
  • 10
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    The Functional Organization of the Auditory System (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
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    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-05
    Beschreibung: This eBook comprises s series of original research and review articles dealing with the anatomical, genetic, and physiological organization of the auditory system from humans to monkeys and mice.
    Schlagwort(e): RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; audition ; monkeys ; gens ; translational ; Humans ; Rodents ; Memory ; Perception ; Physiology ; functional imaging ; Anatomy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Sprache: Englisch
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    E-BOOK
  • 11
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    Animals and Inequality in the Ancient World (2021)
    University Press of Colorado | University Press of Colorado
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-02
    Beschreibung: Animals and Inequality in the Ancient World explores the current trends in the social archaeology of human-animal relationships, focusing on the ways in which animals are used to structure, create, support, and even deconstruct social inequalities. The authors provide a global range of case studies from both New and Old World archaeology—royal Aztec dog burial, the monumental horse tombs of Central Asia, and the ceremonial macaw cages of ancient Mexico among them. They explore the complex relationships between people and animals in social, economic, political, and ritual contexts, incorporating animal remains from archaeological sites with artifacts, texts, and iconography to develop their interpretations. Animals and Inequality in the Ancient World presents new data and interpretations that reveal the role of animals, their products, and their symbolism in structuring social inequalities in the ancient world. The volume will be of interest to archaeologists, especially zooarchaeologists, and classical scholars of pre-modern civilizations and societies.  Contributors: Alejandra Aguirre Molina, Benjamin S. Arbuckle, Levent Atici, Douglas V. Campana, Roderick Campbell, Ximena Chá­vez Balderas, Pam J. Crabtree, Susan D. deFrance, Kitty F. Emery, Abigail Holeman, H. Edwin Jackson, Leonardo López Lujá­n, Michael MacKinnon, Arkadiusz Marciniak, Sue Ann McCarty, Neil L. Norman, Gilberto Perez, Bernardo Rodriguez, William A. Saturno, Ashley E. Sharpe, Nawa Sugiyama, Charlotte K. Sunseri, Naomi Sykes, Fabiola Torres, Raul Valadez, Norma Valentin Maldonado, Adam S. Watson, Joshua Wright, Belem Zuniga-Arelleno
    Schlagwort(e): History ; Ancient ; Social Science ; Archaeology ; Nature ; Animals ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHC Ancient history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NK Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WN Nature and the natural world: general interest::WNC Wildlife: general interest
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 12
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    Spatial memory - a unique window into healthy and pathological ageing (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-05
    Beschreibung: The global population aged over 60 is set to rise dramatically in the coming decades. In many countries, the older population now faces the prospect of spending a quarter of their lives aged over 65, and a significant proportion will have to cope with cognitive decline associated with normal ageing or with dementia disorders. Given that these fundamental demographic changes will pose a significant challenge to health care systems, a detailed understanding of age-related cognitive and neurobiological changes is essential in helping elderly populations maintain cognitive performance. In addition, developing sensitive biomarkers to identify those at risk of developing dementia is crucial for early and effective interventions. To make inferences about the ageing process from the animal model back to the human, rigorous behavioral paradigms must be used to ensure that the same function is being examined across species. Given that similar navigational paradigms can easily be applied to humans and animals, recent years have seen an expansion of studies attempting to bridge the gap between age-related changes in animal and human spatial cognition. These studies begin to suggest that disruptions in spatial computations are among the earliest indicators of impending cognitive decline. In addition, although many animal studies have identified pathological mechanisms with paradigms involving spatial navigation, these mechanisms support many nonspatial cognitive functions as well. As a consequence, a successful characterization of how spatial processing changes in the ageing brain could reveal fundamental effects of cognitive ageing that could inform about general mechanisms underlying decline in perception, mnemonic processing and multisensory integration.
    Schlagwort(e): RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Neuroscience ; spatial navigation ; Humans ; Aging ; Animal Models ; Dementia ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 13
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    Human and Animal Models for Translational Research on Neurodegeneration: Challenges and Opportunities From South America (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
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    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-05
    Beschreibung: Neurodegenerative diseases are the most frequent cause of dementia, representing a burden for public health systems (especially in middle and middle-high income countries). Although most research on this issue is concentrated in first-world centers, growing efforts in South America are affording important breakthroughs. This emerging agenda poses new challenges for the region but also new opportunities for the field. This book aims to integrate the community of experts across the globe and the region, and to establish new challenges and developments for future investigation. We present research focused on neurodegenerative research in South America. We introduce studies assessing the interplay among genetic, neural, and behavioral dimensions of these diseases, as well as articles on vulnerability factors, comparisons of findings from various countries, and works promoting multicenter and collaborative networking. More generally, our book covers a broad scope of human-research approaches (behavioral assessment, neuroimaging, electromagnetic techniques, brain connectivity, peripheral measures), animal methodologies (genetics, epigenetics, proteomics, metabolomics, other molecular biology tools), species (all human and non-human animals, sporadic, and genetic versions), and article types (original research, review, and opinion papers). Through this wide-ranging proposal, we hope to introduce a fresh approach to the challenges and opportunities of research on neurodegeneration in South America.
    Schlagwort(e): RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; South America ; Multicenter research ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Neurosciences ; Public Health ; Animals ; Clinical Protocols ; Research ; Human Experimentation ; Dementia ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 14
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    Neuropharmacological, Neurobiological and Behavioral Mechanisms of Learning and Memory (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
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    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Schlagwort(e): drugs ; Behavior ; Memory tasks ; pre-clinical ; clinical ; Humans ; Animals ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKG Pharmacology
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 15
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    CCR5 promoter alleles and specific DNA binding factors (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-07-01
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bream, J H -- Young, H A -- Rice, N -- Martin, M P -- Smith, M W -- Carrington, M -- O'Brien, S J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 9;284(5412):223.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer, Research and Development Center (NCI-FCRDC), Frederick, MD 21702, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15224670" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/genetics/immunology/mortality/*physiopathology ; *Alleles ; Binding Sites ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Disease Progression ; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay ; Humans ; Nuclear Proteins/*metabolism ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/metabolism ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Receptors, CCR5/*genetics ; Survival Rate ; T-Lymphocytes ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 16
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    Neuroscience. The mice that don't miss mom: love and the mu-opioid receptor (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-06-26
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beckman, Mary -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 25;304(5679):1888-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15218114" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Bedding and Linens ; *Behavior, Animal ; Female ; Male ; *Maternal Deprivation ; Mice ; *Mothers ; Mutation ; *Object Attachment ; Odors ; Receptors, Opioid, mu/genetics/*physiology ; Vocalization, Animal
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    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 17
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    Virgin rainforests and conservation (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-08-18
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beehler, Bruce M -- Stevenson, Todd C -- Brown, Michelle -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 13;305(5686):943-4; author reply 943-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15314793" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture ; *Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; Human Activities ; Humans ; Industry ; Population Dynamics ; *Trees ; Tropical Climate
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 18
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    HIV/AIDS. International AIDS meeting finds global commitment lacking (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-07-27
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 23;305(5683):470-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15273375" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy/epidemiology/prevention & ; control ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; *Congresses as Topic ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; Disease Outbreaks ; Financial Support ; Humans ; *International Cooperation ; Politics ; Thailand ; World Health Organization
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 19
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    Medicine. Bone marrow cells: the source of gastric cancer? (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-11-30
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, Jean -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 26;306(5701):1455-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15567822" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells/*cytology ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Fusion ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Gastric Mucosa/chemistry/pathology ; Gastritis/microbiology/*pathology ; Helicobacter Infections/*pathology ; *Helicobacter felis ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Stem Cells/*cytology ; Stomach Neoplasms/*pathology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 20
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    Neuroscience. NAD to the rescue (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-08-18
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bedalov, Antonio -- Simon, Julian A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 13;305(5686):954-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Clinical Research Division and J. A. Simon is in the Clinical Research and Human Biology Divisions, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. abedalov@fhcrc.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15310883" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Axons/*physiology ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Ganglia, Spinal/cytology ; Mice ; Mutation ; NAD/biosynthesis/*metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/drug therapy/physiopathology ; Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use ; Nicotinamide-Nucleotide Adenylyltransferase/metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Sirtuin 1 ; Sirtuins/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism ; Wallerian Degeneration/metabolism/*physiopathology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 21
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    Cancer research. Inflammation and cancer: the link grows stronger (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-11-06
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, Jean -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 5;306(5698):966-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15528423" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; Humans ; Inflammation/*complications/immunology ; Isoenzymes/metabolism ; Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/physiology ; Macrophages/immunology ; Membrane Proteins ; Mice ; NF-kappa B/physiology ; Neoplasms/*etiology/immunology ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/metabolism ; Risk Factors
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 22
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    The Asian epidemic model's provocative curves (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-06-26
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 25;304(5679):1934.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15218139" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Asia/epidemiology ; Computer Simulation ; Condoms ; *Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; HIV Infections/*epidemiology/prevention & control/transmission ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Male ; *Models, Statistical ; Prevalence ; Prostitution ; Risk Factors ; Sexual Behavior ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 23
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    Regulation of cytokine receptors by Golgi N-glycan processing and endocytosis (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-10-02
    Beschreibung: The Golgi enzyme beta1,6 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (Mgat5) is up-regulated in carcinomas and promotes the substitution of N-glycan with poly N-acetyllactosamine, the preferred ligand for galectin-3 (Gal-3). Here, we report that expression of Mgat5 sensitized mouse cells to multiple cytokines. Gal-3 cross-linked Mgat5-modified N-glycans on epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta receptors at the cell surface and delayed their removal by constitutive endocytosis. Mgat5 expression in mammary carcinoma was rate limiting for cytokine signaling and consequently for epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell motility, and tumor metastasis. Mgat5 also promoted cytokine-mediated leukocyte signaling, phagocytosis, and extravasation in vivo. Thus, conditional regulation of N-glycan processing drives synchronous modification of cytokine receptors, which balances their surface retention against loss via endocytosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Partridge, Emily A -- Le Roy, Christine -- Di Guglielmo, Gianni M -- Pawling, Judy -- Cheung, Pam -- Granovsky, Maria -- Nabi, Ivan R -- Wrana, Jeffrey L -- Dennis, James W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 1;306(5693):120-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15459394" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cell Movement ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; *Endocytosis ; Galectin 3/metabolism ; Genetic Vectors ; Glycosylation ; Golgi Apparatus/enzymology ; Growth Substances/metabolism/pharmacology ; Macrophages, Peritoneal/physiology ; Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/metabolism/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases/genetics/*metabolism ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Phagocytosis ; Polysaccharides/*metabolism ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/*metabolism ; Receptors, Cytokine/*metabolism ; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 24
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    Cis-acting regulatory variation in the human genome (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-10-23
    Beschreibung: The systematic screening of the human genome for genetic variants that affect gene regulation should advance our fundamental understanding of phenotypic diversity and lead to the identification of alleles that modify disease risk. There are several challenges in localizing regulatory polymorphisms, including the wide spectrum of cis-acting regulatory mechanisms, the inconsistent effects of regulatory variants in different tissues, and the difficulty in isolating the causal variants that are in linkage disequilibrium with many other variants. We discuss the current state of knowledge and technologies used for mapping and characterizing genetic variation controlling human gene expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pastinen, Tomi -- Hudson, Thomas J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 22;306(5696):647-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, 740 Drive Penfield Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A4, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15499010" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Alleles ; Allelic Imbalance ; Chromosome Mapping ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genetic Variation ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; *Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 25
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    HIV/AIDS in China. A scoop of international proportions (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-06-05
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 4;304(5676):1439.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15178782" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*epidemiology/transmission ; *Blood Donors ; China/epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; Internationality ; *Newspapers as Topic ; Publishing
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 26
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    Ultraconserved elements in the human genome (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-05-08
    Beschreibung: There are 481 segments longer than 200 base pairs (bp) that are absolutely conserved (100% identity with no insertions or deletions) between orthologous regions of the human, rat, and mouse genomes. Nearly all of these segments are also conserved in the chicken and dog genomes, with an average of 95 and 99% identity, respectively. Many are also significantly conserved in fish. These ultraconserved elements of the human genome are most often located either overlapping exons in genes involved in RNA processing or in introns or nearby genes involved in the regulation of transcription and development. Along with more than 5000 sequences of over 100 bp that are absolutely conserved among the three sequenced mammals, these represent a class of genetic elements whose functions and evolutionary origins are yet to be determined, but which are more highly conserved between these species than are proteins and appear to be essential for the ontogeny of mammals and other vertebrates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bejerano, Gill -- Pheasant, Michael -- Makunin, Igor -- Stephen, Stuart -- Kent, W James -- Mattick, John S -- Haussler, David -- 1P41HG02371/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 28;304(5675):1321-5. Epub 2004 May 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. jill@soe.ucsc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15131266" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Alternative Splicing ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chickens/genetics ; Computational Biology ; *Conserved Sequence ; DNA, Intergenic ; Dogs/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Exons ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Genome ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Introns ; Mice/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; RNA/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Rats/genetics ; Takifugu/genetics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 27
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    Pain research. Prolonging the agony (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-07-17
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, Jean -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 16;305(5682):326-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15256650" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Analgesics ; Animals ; Brain/physiology ; Cell Death ; Chronic Disease ; Dinoprostone/metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Inflammation/physiopathology ; Ion Channels/*physiology ; Neuralgia/physiopathology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Neurons, Afferent/physiology ; Pain/drug therapy/genetics/*physiopathology ; Receptors, Drug/genetics/*physiology ; Receptors, Glutamate/*physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Sodium Channels/physiology ; Spinal Cord/cytology/physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 28
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    Pain research. Why other people may not feel your pain (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-07-17
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, Jean -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 16;305(5682):328.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15256651" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology ; Brain/metabolism ; Catechol O-Methyltransferase/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Emotions ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Opioid Peptides/metabolism ; Pain/genetics/*physiopathology/*psychology ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 1/genetics/physiology ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/physiopathology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 29
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    African origins of the domestic donkey (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-06-19
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beja-Pereira, Albano -- England, Phillip R -- Ferrand, Nuno -- Jordan, Steve -- Bakhiet, Amel O -- Abdalla, Mohammed A -- Mashkour, Marjan -- Jordana, Jordi -- Taberlet, Pierre -- Luikart, Gordon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 18;304(5678):1781.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lab. d'Ecologie Alpine, UMR CNRS-UJF 5553, 38041 Grenoble, France. albano.beja-pereira@ujf-grenoble.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15205528" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Africa ; Animal Husbandry ; Animals ; *Animals, Domestic/classification/genetics ; Animals, Wild/genetics ; Archaeology ; Asia ; Cytochromes b/genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Equidae/classification/*genetics ; Haplotypes ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Phylogeny ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 30
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    Cope's rule, hypercarnivory, and extinction in North American canids (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-10-02
    Beschreibung: Over the past 50 million years, successive clades of large carnivorous mammals diversified and then declined to extinction. In most instances, the cause of the decline remains a puzzle. Here we argue that energetic constraints and pervasive selection for larger size (Cope's rule) in carnivores lead to dietary specialization (hypercarnivory) and increased vulnerability to extinction. In two major clades of extinct North American canids, the evolution of large size was associated with a dietary shift to hypercarnivory and a decline in species durations. Thus, selection for attributes that promoted individual success resulted in progressive evolutionary failure of their clades.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Van Valkenburgh, Blaire -- Wang, Xiaoming -- Damuth, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 1;306(5693):101-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA. bvanval@ucla.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15459388" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Body Constitution ; Body Weight ; *Carnivora/anatomy & histology/classification/physiology ; Cuspid/anatomy & histology ; *Diet ; *Fossils ; Incisor/anatomy & histology ; Jaw/anatomy & histology ; Molar/anatomy & histology ; North America ; Paleodontology ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Predatory Behavior ; Principal Component Analysis ; Selection, Genetic
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    In vivo activation of the p53 pathway by small-molecule antagonists of MDM2 (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-01-06
    Beschreibung: MDM2 binds the p53 tumor suppressor protein with high affinity and negatively modulates its transcriptional activity and stability. Overexpression of MDM2, found in many human tumors, effectively impairs p53 function. Inhibition of MDM2-p53 interaction can stabilize p53 and may offer a novel strategy for cancer therapy. Here, we identify potent and selective small-molecule antagonists of MDM2 and confirm their mode of action through the crystal structures of complexes. These compounds bind MDM2 in the p53-binding pocket and activate the p53 pathway in cancer cells, leading to cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and growth inhibition of human tumor xenografts in nude mice.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vassilev, Lyubomir T -- Vu, Binh T -- Graves, Bradford -- Carvajal, Daisy -- Podlaski, Frank -- Filipovic, Zoran -- Kong, Norman -- Kammlott, Ursula -- Lukacs, Christine -- Klein, Christian -- Fotouhi, Nader -- Liu, Emily A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 6;303(5659):844-8. Epub 2004 Jan 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Discovery Oncology, Roche Research Center, Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc., Nutley, NJ 07110, USA. lyubomir.vassilev@roche.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14704432" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Apoptosis/*drug effects ; Binding Sites ; Cell Cycle/drug effects ; Cell Division/*drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 ; Cyclins/metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Gene Expression ; Genes, p53 ; Humans ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Imidazoles/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Weight ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy/metabolism/*pathology ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Phosphorylation ; Piperazines/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Protein Conformation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 ; Stereoisomerism ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    HIV/AIDS in India. The needle and the damage done (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-04-24
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 23;304(5670):509-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15105472" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; Community Health Workers ; Community-Institutional Relations ; Drug and Narcotic Control/legislation & jurisprudence ; HIV Infections/drug therapy/*epidemiology/prevention & control/transmission ; Humans ; India/epidemiology ; Needle-Exchange Programs ; Organizations ; Risk Reduction Behavior ; Substance Abuse Treatment Centers ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous/*complications/*epidemiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Climate change. All downhill from here? (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-03-16
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Krajick, Kevin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 12;303(5664):1600-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15016975" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Altitude ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Environmental Pollutants/analysis ; Fishes/physiology ; Geography ; Lagomorpha/physiology ; *Plant Development ; Population Dynamics ; Temperature ; Trees/*growth & development
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 34
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    Ecology. Science center on Jordan-Israel border aims to bridge the rift (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-03-06
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Krajick, Kevin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 5;303(5663):1457.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15001752" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Academies and Institutes ; Animals ; Desert Climate ; *Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; Financial Support ; Genome ; *Genomics ; *International Cooperation ; Israel ; Jordan ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; United States ; Universities
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    How did the horned lizard get its horns? (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-09-28
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fouts, William R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 24;305(5692):1909-10; author reply 1909-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15448251" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Lizards/*anatomy & histology ; Predatory Behavior ; *Selection, Genetic
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 36
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    Chromatin compaction by a polycomb group protein complex (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-11-30
    Beschreibung: Polycomb group proteins preserve body patterning through development by maintaining transcriptional silencing of homeotic genes. A long-standing hypothesis is that silencing involves creating chromatin structure that is repressive to gene transcription. We demonstrate by electron microscopy that core components of Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 induce compaction of defined nucleosomal arrays. Compaction by Polycomb proteins requires nucleosomes but not histone tails. Each Polycomb complex can compact about three nucleosomes. A region of Posterior Sex Combs that is important for gene silencing in vivo is also important for chromatin compaction, linking the two activities. This mechanism of chromatin compaction might be central to stable gene silencing by the Polycomb group.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Francis, Nicole J -- Kingston, Robert E -- Woodcock, Christopher L -- GM43786/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NIH-P41-RR01777/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 26;306(5701):1574-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15567868" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Chromatin/*chemistry/metabolism/ultrastructure ; DNA/*chemistry/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Silencing ; HeLa Cells ; Histones/*chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Nucleosomes/*chemistry/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Polycomb-Group Proteins ; Protein Conformation ; Repressor Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    A synthetic conjugate polysaccharide vaccine against Haemophilus influenzae type b (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-07-27
    Beschreibung: Glycoconjugate vaccines provide effective prophylaxis against bacterial infections. To date, however, no commercial vaccine has been available in which the key carbohydrate antigens are produced synthetically. We describe the large-scale synthesis, pharmaceutical development, and clinical evaluation of a conjugate vaccine composed of a synthetic capsular polysaccharide antigen of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). The vaccine was evaluated in clinical trials in Cuba and showed long-term protective antibody titers that compared favorably to licensed products prepared with the Hib polysaccharide extracted from bacteria. This demonstrates that access to synthetic complex carbohydrate-based vaccines is feasible and provides a basis for further development of similar approaches for other human pathogens.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Verez-Bencomo, V -- Fernandez-Santana, V -- Hardy, Eugenio -- Toledo, Maria E -- Rodriguez, Maria C -- Heynngnezz, Lazaro -- Rodriguez, Arlene -- Baly, Alberto -- Herrera, Luis -- Izquierdo, Mabel -- Villar, Annette -- Valdes, Yury -- Cosme, Karelia -- Deler, Mercedes L -- Montane, Manuel -- Garcia, Ernesto -- Ramos, Alexis -- Aguilar, Aristides -- Medina, Ernesto -- Torano, Gilda -- Sosa, Ivan -- Hernandez, Ibis -- Martinez, Raydel -- Muzachio, Alexis -- Carmenates, Ania -- Costa, Lourdes -- Cardoso, Felix -- Campa, Concepcion -- Diaz, Manuel -- Roy, Rene -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 23;305(5683):522-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for the Study of Synthetic Antigens, Facultad de Quimica, Universidad de la Habana, Ciudad Habana, Cuba, 10400. vicente@fq.uh.cu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15273395" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Antibodies, Bacterial/biosynthesis/blood ; Child, Preschool ; Double-Blind Method ; Glycoconjugates/immunology ; Haemophilus Vaccines/administration & dosage/*chemical synthesis/*immunology ; Haemophilus influenzae type b/*immunology ; Humans ; Immunization Schedule ; Immunoglobulin G/blood ; Infant ; Polysaccharides/*chemical synthesis/*immunology/isolation & purification ; Polysaccharides, Bacterial/*immunology/isolation & purification ; Tetanus Toxoid/immunology ; Vaccines, Conjugate/administration & dosage/immunology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Ubistatins inhibit proteasome-dependent degradation by binding the ubiquitin chain (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-10-02
    Beschreibung: To identify previously unknown small molecules that inhibit cell cycle machinery, we performed a chemical genetic screen in Xenopus extracts. One class of inhibitors, termed ubistatins, blocked cell cycle progression by inhibiting cyclin B proteolysis and inhibited degradation of ubiquitinated Sic1 by purified proteasomes. Ubistatins blocked the binding of ubiquitinated substrates to the proteasome by targeting the ubiquitin-ubiquitin interface of Lys(48)-linked chains. The same interface is recognized by ubiquitin-chain receptors of the proteasome, indicating that ubistatins act by disrupting a critical protein-protein interaction in the ubiquitin-proteasome system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Verma, Rati -- Peters, Noel R -- D'Onofrio, Mariapina -- Tochtrop, Gregory P -- Sakamoto, Kathleen M -- Varadan, Ranjani -- Zhang, Mingsheng -- Coffino, Philip -- Fushman, David -- Deshaies, Raymond J -- King, Randall W -- CA78048/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM068276/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM65334/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM66492/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA92131/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM-45335/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R21CA108545/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 1;306(5693):117-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15459393" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome ; Animals ; Cell Extracts ; Cyclin B/metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Proteins ; Cysteine Endopeptidases/metabolism ; *Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Interphase ; Mitosis ; Molecular Structure ; Multienzyme Complexes/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Ornithine Decarboxylase/metabolism ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; Protein Binding ; Proteins/*metabolism ; Quinolines/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism ; Sulfanilic Acids/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Ubiquitin/*metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes/metabolism ; Xenopus laevis
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 39
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    Leading-edge vortex lifts swifts (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-12-14
    Beschreibung: The current understanding of how birds fly must be revised, because birds use their hand-wings in an unconventional way to generate lift and drag. Physical models of a common swift wing in gliding posture with a 60 degrees sweep of the sharp hand-wing leading edge were tested in a water tunnel. Interactions with the flow were measured quantitatively with digital particle image velocimetry at Reynolds numbers realistic for the gliding flight of a swift between 3750 and 37,500. The results show that gliding swifts can generate stable leading-edge vortices at small (5 degrees to 10 degrees) angles of attack. We suggest that the flow around the arm-wings of most birds can remain conventionally attached, whereas the swept-back hand-wings generate lift with leading-edge vortices.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Videler, J J -- Stamhuis, E J -- Povel, G D E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 10;306(5703):1960-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Marine Biology (Experimental Marine Zoology Group), Groningen University, Post Office Box 14, 9750 AA, Haren, Netherlands. j.j.videler@biol.rug.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15591209" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Birds/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; *Flight, Animal ; Models, Anatomic ; Wings, Animal/anatomy & histology/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 40
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    Medicine. Modulation of radiation injury (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-05-01
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coleman, C Norman -- Stone, Helen B -- Moulder, John E -- Pellmar, Terry C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 30;304(5671):693-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Radiation Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment & Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15118152" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cytokines/therapeutic use ; Disease Models, Animal ; Free Radical Scavengers/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Isoflavones/therapeutic use ; Radiation Injuries/*drug therapy/prevention & control ; Radiation Injuries, Experimental/drug therapy ; Radiation-Protective Agents/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Radiotherapy/adverse effects ; Whole-Body Irradiation/adverse effects
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Early taming of the cat in Cyprus (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-04-10
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vigne, J-D -- Guilaine, J -- Debue, K -- Haye, L -- Gerard, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 9;304(5668):259.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CNRS-Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Department of Ecology and Biodiversity Management, UMR 5197, C.P. 56, F-75231 Paris Cedex 5, France. vigne@mnhn.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15073370" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Animals, Domestic/anatomy & histology ; *Archaeology ; *Burial ; *Cats/anatomy & histology ; Cyprus ; Humans ; Skeleton ; Time
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    Virology. HIV may shed some protection as it jumps to new hosts (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-03-27
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 26;303(5666):1956.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15044774" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): AIDS Vaccines ; Female ; HIV Antibodies/*immunology ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/chemistry/*immunology ; HIV Infections/*immunology/*transmission/virology ; HIV-1/*immunology ; Heterosexuality ; Humans ; Male ; Neutralization Tests ; Zambia
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Genetics. A ruff theory of evolution: gene stutters drive dog shape (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-12-25
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 24;306(5705):2172.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15618495" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Breeding ; Dogs/*anatomy & histology/*genetics/growth & development ; Genetic Variation ; Hindlimb ; Neoplasm Proteins/genetics ; Nose/anatomy & histology ; Phenotype ; Selection, Genetic ; Skull/anatomy & histology ; *Tandem Repeat Sequences ; Toes/anatomy & histology ; Transcription Factors/genetics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Ecosystems: The grand (canyon) experiment (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-12-14
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 10;306(5703):1884-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15591181" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Arizona ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Fishes ; *Geologic Sediments ; *Rivers ; *Snails ; Water Movements
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    An uncertain call to arms (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-04-17
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fraser, Claire M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 16;304(5669):359.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15087509" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Anti-Infective Agents ; *Biomedical Research ; Bioterrorism/*prevention & control ; Communicable Disease Control ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; *Drug Industry ; Global Health ; Government Programs ; Humans ; Infection/drug therapy ; United States ; *Vaccines
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    American Chemical Society meeting. Enzyme deactivates heart-friendly HDL (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-09-14
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, Robert F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 10;305(5690):1558-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15361602" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Apolipoprotein A-I/metabolism ; Biomarkers/analysis ; Cardiovascular Diseases/*diagnosis ; Cholesterol/metabolism ; Humans ; Lipoproteins, HDL/*metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Peroxidase/*metabolism ; Risk Factors ; Tyrosine/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Developmental biology. Worm's light-sensing proteins suggest eye's single origin (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-10-30
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 29;306(5697):796-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15514125" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Brain/cytology ; Circadian Rhythm ; *Eye ; Gene Duplication ; Genome ; Homeodomain Proteins/*analysis ; Humans ; Light ; Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate/chemistry/*cytology ; Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate/chemistry/cytology ; Polychaeta/chemistry/*cytology/*genetics ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/cytology ; Rod Opsins/analysis/*chemistry/*genetics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 48
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    Role of LBPA and Alix in multivesicular liposome formation and endosome organization (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-01-24
    Beschreibung: What are the components that control the assembly of subcellular organelles in eukaryotic cells? Although membranes can clearly be distorted by cytosolic factors, very little is known about the intrinsic mechanisms that control the biogenesis, shape, and organization of organellar membranes. Here, we found that the unconventional phospholipid lysobisphosphatidic acid (LBPA) could induce the formation of multivesicular liposomes that resembled the multivesicular endosomes that exist where this lipid is found in vivo. This process depended on the same pH gradient that exists across endosome membranes in vivo and was selectively controlled by Alix. In turn, Alix regulated the organization of LBPA-containing endosomes in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Matsuo, Hirotami -- Chevallier, Julien -- Mayran, Nathalie -- Le Blanc, Isabelle -- Ferguson, Charles -- Faure, Julien -- Blanc, Nathalie Sartori -- Matile, Stefan -- Dubochet, Jacques -- Sadoul, Remy -- Parton, Robert G -- Vilbois, Francis -- Gruenberg, Jean -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 23;303(5657):531-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14739459" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Annexin A2/metabolism ; Arylsulfonates/metabolism ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Cell Line ; Coloring Agents/metabolism ; Cytosol/metabolism ; Endocytosis ; Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport ; Endosomes/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Lipid Bilayers ; Liposomes/*metabolism ; Lysophospholipids/chemistry/*metabolism ; Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Molecular Structure ; Monoglycerides ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism ; Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus/physiology ; Viral Envelope Proteins/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 49
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    Testing genome complexity (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-04-17
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vinogradov, Alexander E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 16;304(5669):389-90; author reply 389-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15087529" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; Body Constitution ; DNA Transposable Elements ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Duplication ; *Genome ; Mammals/*genetics ; Models, Biological ; Population Density
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 50
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    Multimodal signals: enhancement and constraint of song motor patterns by visual display (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-01-24
    Beschreibung: Many birds perform visual signals during their learned songs, but little is known about the interrelationship between visual and vocal displays. We show here that male brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) synchronize the most elaborate wing movements of their display with atypically long silent periods in their song, potentially avoiding adverse biomechanical effects on sound production. Furthermore, expiratory effort for song is significantly reduced when cowbirds perform their wing display. These results show a close integration between vocal and visual displays and suggest that constraints and synergistic interactions between the motor patterns of multimodal signals influence the evolution of birdsong.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cooper, Brenton G -- Goller, Franz -- DC04390/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- DC05722/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 23;303(5657):544-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA. cooper@biology.utah.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14739462" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Abdominal Muscles/physiology ; Air Sacs/physiology ; Animals ; Electromyography ; Male ; *Motor Activity ; Movement ; Posture ; Pressure ; Pulmonary Ventilation ; *Respiration ; Respiratory Muscles/physiology ; Songbirds/*physiology ; Video Recording ; *Vocalization, Animal ; Wings, Animal/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Public health. Regulatory challenges in microbicide development (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-06-26
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coplan, Paul M -- Mitchnick, Mark -- Rosenberg, Zeda F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 25;304(5679):1911-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA. PCoplan@ipm-microbicides.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15218130" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Administration, Intravaginal ; Administration, Rectal ; Advisory Committees ; Animals ; Anti-HIV Agents/*administration & dosage/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic ; Condoms ; *Drug Approval ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Financial Support ; *Government Regulation ; HIV/drug effects ; HIV Infections/*prevention & control/*transmission ; Humans ; Patient Selection ; Placebos ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    7th International Congress on Vertebrate Morphology meeting. Tiny salamanders show their teeth (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-09-09
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 3;305(5689):1396-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15353775" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Skull/anatomy & histology ; *Tooth ; Urodela/*anatomy & histology/*classification/genetics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Old World fossil record of modern-type hummingbirds (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-05-08
    Beschreibung: I report on tiny skeletons of stem-group hummingbirds from the early Oligocene of Germany that are of essentially modern appearance and exhibit morphological specializations toward nectarivory and hovering flight. These are the oldest fossils of modern-type hummingbirds, which had not previously been reported from the Old World. The findings demonstrate that early hummingbird evolution was not restricted to the New World. They further suggest that bird-flower coevolution dates back to the early Oligocene and open another view on the origin of ornithophily in Old World plants.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mayr, Gerald -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 7;304(5672):861-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Division of Ornithology, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt a.M., Germany. Gerald.Mayr@senckenberg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15131303" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Americas ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Birds/anatomy & histology/classification ; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology ; Europe ; Flight, Animal ; Flowers ; *Fossils ; Germany
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Cell biology. "Pumping" iron: the proteins (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-12-18
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beutler, Ernest -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 17;306(5704):2051-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. beutler@scripps.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15604397" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/*metabolism ; Biological Transport ; Cation Transport Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Enterocytes/metabolism ; Erythropoiesis ; Erythropoietin/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Hemochromatosis/genetics ; Hepatocytes/metabolism ; Hepcidins ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics ; Homeostasis ; Iron/*metabolism ; Iron Regulatory Protein 1/*metabolism ; Iron Regulatory Protein 2/*metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/genetics ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Oxygen/physiology ; Response Elements ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Natural history museums. Museums that made a master (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-07-03
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 2;305(5680):37.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15232086" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Awards and Prizes ; Berlin ; *Biological Evolution ; Biology/history ; Birds ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Museums/*history ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 56
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    Acetylation by Tip60 is required for selective histone variant exchange at DNA lesions (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-11-06
    Beschreibung: Phosphorylation of the human histone variant H2A.X and H2Av, its homolog in Drosophila melanogaster, occurs rapidly at sites of DNA double-strand breaks. Little is known about the function of this phosphorylation or its removal during DNA repair. Here, we demonstrate that the Drosophila Tip60 (dTip60) chromatin-remodeling complex acetylates nucleosomal phospho-H2Av and exchanges it with an unmodified H2Av. Both the histone acetyltransferase dTip60 as well as the adenosine triphosphatase Domino/p400 catalyze the exchange of phospho-H2Av. Thus, these data reveal a previously unknown mechanism for selective histone exchange that uses the concerted action of two distinct chromatin-remodeling enzymes within the same multiprotein complex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kusch, Thomas -- Florens, Laurence -- Macdonald, W Hayes -- Swanson, Selene K -- Glaser, Robert L -- Yates, John R 3rd -- Abmayr, Susan M -- Washburn, Michael P -- Workman, Jerry L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 17;306(5704):2084-7. Epub 2004 Nov 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA. tnk@stowers-institute.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15528408" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acetyl Coenzyme A/metabolism ; Acetylation ; Acetyltransferases/genetics/*metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Line ; *DNA Damage ; DNA Repair ; Dimerization ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/embryology/genetics/*metabolism ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism ; Histone Acetyltransferases ; Histones/*metabolism ; Multiprotein Complexes/*metabolism ; Nucleosomes/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; RNA Interference ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Separate neural systems value immediate and delayed monetary rewards (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-10-16
    Beschreibung: When humans are offered the choice between rewards available at different points in time, the relative values of the options are discounted according to their expected delays until delivery. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we examined the neural correlates of time discounting while subjects made a series of choices between monetary reward options that varied by delay to delivery. We demonstrate that two separate systems are involved in such decisions. Parts of the limbic system associated with the midbrain dopamine system, including paralimbic cortex, are preferentially activated by decisions involving immediately available rewards. In contrast, regions of the lateral prefrontal cortex and posterior parietal cortex are engaged uniformly by intertemporal choices irrespective of delay. Furthermore, the relative engagement of the two systems is directly associated with subjects' choices, with greater relative fronto-parietal activity when subjects choose longer term options.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McClure, Samuel M -- Laibson, David I -- Loewenstein, George -- Cohen, Jonathan D -- AG05842/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- MH065214/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH132804/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 15;306(5695):503-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology and Center for the Study of Brain, Mind, and Behavior, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. smcclure@princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486304" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Basal Ganglia/physiology ; Brain Mapping ; *Decision Making ; Dopamine/physiology ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/physiology ; Humans ; Limbic System/*physiology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Parietal Lobe/*physiology ; Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology ; *Reward ; Time Factors
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    The next step for Kennewick Man (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-10-23
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McManamon, Francis P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 22;306(5696):612-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15498995" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Bone and Bones ; Humans ; *Paleontology ; *Research Design ; Skeleton ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 59
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    Functional anatomy of the attentional modulation of time estimation (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-03-06
    Beschreibung: Attention modulates our subjective perception of time. The less we attend to an event's duration, the shorter it seems to last. Attention to time or color stimulus attributes was modulated parametrically in an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Linear increases in task performance were accompanied by corresponding increases in brain activity. Increasing attention to time selectively increased activity in a corticostriatal network, including pre-supplementary motor area and right frontal operculum. Increasing attention to color selectively increased activity in area V4. By identifying areas whose activity was specifically modulated by attention to time, we have defined the core neuroanatomical substrates of timing behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coull, Jennifer T -- Vidal, Franck -- Nazarian, Bruno -- Macar, Francoise -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 5;303(5663):1506-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire de Neurobiologie de la Cognition, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 31 Chemin Joseph-Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France. jcoull@lnf.cnrs-mrs.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15001776" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Animals ; *Attention ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ; Color Perception ; Cues ; Frontal Lobe/physiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Motor Cortex/physiology ; Occipital Lobe/physiology ; Photic Stimulation ; Task Performance and Analysis ; *Time Perception
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    European science. Institute sparks an Italian renaissance in mouse biology (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-10-09
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 8;306(5694):217-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15472054" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Academies and Institutes/organization & administration ; Animals ; Europe ; *Genetic Research ; International Cooperation ; Italy ; Mice/*genetics ; Research Personnel
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Evolutionary biology. Changing a fish's bony armor in the wink of a gene (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-06-19
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 18;304(5678):1736.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15205506" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adaptation, Biological ; Alleles ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Breeding ; Crosses, Genetic ; Environment ; Extremities/growth & development ; Fresh Water ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Genome ; Homeodomain Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Mutation ; Paired Box Transcription Factors ; Seawater ; Selection, Genetic ; Smegmamorpha/*anatomy & histology/*genetics ; Transcription Factors/*genetics/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Soil carbon sequestration impacts on global climate change and food security (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-06-12
    Beschreibung: The carbon sink capacity of the world's agricultural and degraded soils is 50 to 66% of the historic carbon loss of 42 to 78 gigatons of carbon. The rate of soil organic carbon sequestration with adoption of recommended technologies depends on soil texture and structure, rainfall, temperature, farming system, and soil management. Strategies to increase the soil carbon pool include soil restoration and woodland regeneration, no-till farming, cover crops, nutrient management, manuring and sludge application, improved grazing, water conservation and harvesting, efficient irrigation, agroforestry practices, and growing energy crops on spare lands. An increase of 1 ton of soil carbon pool of degraded cropland soils may increase crop yield by 20 to 40 kilograms per hectare (kg/ha) for wheat, 10 to 20 kg/ha for maize, and 0.5 to 1 kg/ha for cowpeas. As well as enhancing food security, carbon sequestration has the potential to offset fossil fuel emissions by 0.4 to 1.2 gigatons of carbon per year, or 5 to 15% of the global fossil-fuel emissions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lal, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 11;304(5677):1623-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Carbon Management and Sequestration Center, Ohio State University Columbus, OH 43210, USA. lal.1@osu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15192216" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Agriculture ; Atmosphere ; Biomass ; Carbon/*analysis ; Carbon Dioxide ; *Climate ; Crops, Agricultural/growth & development ; Ecosystem ; *Food ; Food Supply ; Humans ; Malnutrition ; Poverty ; Soil/*analysis
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    European patents. Stem cell claims face legal hurdles (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-09-28
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 24;305(5692):1887.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15448234" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Embryo Research/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology ; Europe ; Humans ; Intellectual Property ; *Patents as Topic ; *Stem Cells
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 64
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    Policy rebuttal. HIV vaccine trial justified (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-02-14
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McNeil, John G -- Johnston, Margaret I -- Birx, Deborah L -- Tramont, Edmund C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 13;303(5660):961.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, and 2Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC 20307, USA. jomcneil@mail.nih.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14963313" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *AIDS Vaccines/administration & dosage/*immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; *Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic ; HIV Antibodies/biosynthesis/immunology ; HIV Infections/*immunology/prevention & control/therapy ; Humans ; Immunization Schedule ; Immunization, Secondary ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Thailand ; United States ; Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage/immunology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 65
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    The structure and receptor binding properties of the 1918 influenza hemagglutinin (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-02-07
    Beschreibung: The 1918 influenza pandemic resulted in about 20 million deaths. This enormous impact, coupled with renewed interest in emerging infections, makes characterization of the virus involved a priority. Receptor binding, the initial event in virus infection, is a major determinant of virus transmissibility that, for influenza viruses, is mediated by the hemagglutinin (HA) membrane glycoprotein. We have determined the crystal structures of the HA from the 1918 virus and two closely related HAs in complex with receptor analogs. They explain how the 1918 HA, while retaining receptor binding site amino acids characteristic of an avian precursor HA, is able to bind human receptors and how, as a consequence, the virus was able to spread in the human population.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gamblin, S J -- Haire, L F -- Russell, R J -- Stevens, D J -- Xiao, B -- Ha, Y -- Vasisht, N -- Steinhauer, D A -- Daniels, R S -- Elliot, A -- Wiley, D C -- Skehel, J J -- AI-13654/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 19;303(5665):1838-42. Epub 2004 Feb 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council (MRC) National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14764886" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Birds ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/*chemistry/*metabolism ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Influenza A virus/*immunology/metabolism/pathogenicity ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology/history/*virology ; Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Virus/*metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; Sialic Acids/metabolism ; Species Specificity ; Swine
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 66
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    Stem cell politics. California debates whether to become stem cell heavyweight (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-09-14
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 10;305(5690):1544-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15361590" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): California ; Cloning, Organism ; Embryo Research/*economics ; Financing, Government/legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; Pluripotent Stem Cells ; *Politics ; Research Support as Topic/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Stem Cells
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 67
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    The Biology of Genomes meeting. The case of the disappearing DNA hotspots (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-06-12
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 11;304(5677):1590.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15192195" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; *Genome ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Pan troglodytes/*genetics ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; *Recombination, Genetic
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 68
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    Hematotoxicity in workers exposed to low levels of benzene (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-12-04
    Beschreibung: Benzene is known to have toxic effects on the blood and bone marrow, but its impact at levels below the U.S. occupational standard of 1 part per million (ppm) remains uncertain. In a study of 250 workers exposed to benzene, white blood cell and platelet counts were significantly lower than in 140 controls, even for exposure below 1 ppm in air. Progenitor cell colony formation significantly declined with increasing benzene exposure and was more sensitive to the effects of benzene than was the number of mature blood cells. Two genetic variants in key metabolizing enzymes, myeloperoxidase and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, influenced susceptibility to benzene hematotoxicity. Thus, hematotoxicity from exposure to benzene occurred at air levels of 1 ppm or less and may be particularly evident among genetically susceptible subpopulations.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1256034/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1256034/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lan, Qing -- Zhang, Luoping -- Li, Guilan -- Vermeulen, Roel -- Weinberg, Rona S -- Dosemeci, Mustafa -- Rappaport, Stephen M -- Shen, Min -- Alter, Blanche P -- Wu, Yongji -- Kopp, William -- Waidyanatha, Suramya -- Rabkin, Charles -- Guo, Weihong -- Chanock, Stephen -- Hayes, Richard B -- Linet, Martha -- Kim, Sungkyoon -- Yin, Songnian -- Rothman, Nathaniel -- Smith, Martyn T -- P30ES01896/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P30ES10126/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P42 ES004705/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P42ES04705/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P42ES05948/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- R01ES06721/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 3;306(5702):1774-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15576619" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Air Pollutants, Occupational/*toxicity ; Benzene/*toxicity ; Blood Platelets/*drug effects ; China ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1/genetics ; Female ; Genotype ; Hematopoiesis/drug effects ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*drug effects ; Hemoglobins/analysis ; Humans ; Inhalation Exposure/*adverse effects ; Leukocyte Count ; Leukocytes/*drug effects ; Lymphocyte Subsets/drug effects ; Male ; Matched-Pair Analysis ; Maximum Allowable Concentration ; NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone)/genetics ; Occupational Exposure/*adverse effects ; Peroxidase/genetics ; Platelet Count ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Jun turnover is controlled through JNK-dependent phosphorylation of the E3 ligase Itch (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-09-11
    Beschreibung: The turnover of Jun proteins, like that of other transcription factors, is regulated through ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. Usually, such processes are regulated by extracellular stimuli through phosphorylation of the target protein, which allows recognition by F box-containing E3 ubiquitin ligases. In the case of c-Jun and JunB, we found that extracellular stimuli also modulate protein turnover by regulating the activity of an E3 ligase by means of its phosphorylation. Activation of the Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade after T cell stimulation accelerated degradation of c-Jun and JunB through phosphorylation-dependent activation of the E3 ligase Itch. This pathway modulates cytokine production by effector T cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gao, Min -- Labuda, Tord -- Xia, Ying -- Gallagher, Ewen -- Fang, Deyu -- Liu, Yun-Cai -- Karin, Michael -- AI43477/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- ES04151/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- ES06376/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- R21AI48542/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 8;306(5694):271-5. Epub 2004 Sep 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0723, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15358865" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Antigens, CD28/immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/*metabolism ; Interferon-gamma/metabolism ; Interleukins/metabolism ; Lymphocyte Activation ; *MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 1 ; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8 ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 9 ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology/*metabolism ; Th2 Cells/cytology/immunology/metabolism ; Ubiquitin/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 70
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    Mammalian biology: more genomes, but shallower coverage (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-05-29
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 28;304(5675):1227.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15166337" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Genome ; Mammals/*genetics ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 71
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    Drug testing. Regulators talk up plans for drug biomarkers (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-11-13
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 12;306(5699):1119.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15539576" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Biomarkers/analysis ; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic ; *Drug Approval ; Humans ; Treatment Outcome ; United States ; *United States Food and Drug Administration
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 72
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    The Gs-linked receptor GPR3 maintains meiotic arrest in mammalian oocytes (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-12-14
    Beschreibung: Mammalian oocytes are held in prophase arrest by an unknown signal from the surrounding somatic cells. Here we show that the orphan Gs-linked receptor GPR3, which is localized in the oocyte, maintains this arrest. Oocytes from Gpr3 knockout mice resume meiosis within antral follicles, independently of an increase in luteinizing hormone, and this phenotype can be reversed by injection of Gpr3 RNA into the oocytes. Thus, the GPR3 receptor is a link in communication between the somatic cells and oocyte of the ovarian follicle and is crucial for the regulation of meiosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mehlmann, Lisa M -- Saeki, Yoshinaga -- Tanaka, Shigeru -- Brennan, Thomas J -- Evsikov, Alexei V -- Pendola, Frank L -- Knowles, Barbara B -- Eppig, John J -- Jaffe, Laurinda A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 10;306(5703):1947-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center (UCHC), Farmington, CT 06032, USA. lmehlmann@neuron.uchc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15591206" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism ; Animals ; Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans/genetics/metabolism ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Female ; Granulosa Cells/physiology ; Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; In Situ Hybridization ; Lectins, C-Type ; Ligands ; Luteinizing Hormone/metabolism ; *Meiosis ; Metaphase ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Mitosis ; Oocytes/*physiology ; Ovarian Follicle/*physiology ; RNA/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics/*physiology ; Versicans
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Rise and fall of the Beringian steppe bison (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-11-30
    Beschreibung: The widespread extinctions of large mammals at the end of the Pleistocene epoch have often been attributed to the depredations of humans; here we present genetic evidence that questions this assumption. We used ancient DNA and Bayesian techniques to reconstruct a detailed genetic history of bison throughout the late Pleistocene and Holocene epochs. Our analyses depict a large diverse population living throughout Beringia until around 37,000 years before the present, when the population's genetic diversity began to decline dramatically. The timing of this decline correlates with environmental changes associated with the onset of the last glacial cycle, whereas archaeological evidence does not support the presence of large populations of humans in Eastern Beringia until more than 15,000 years later.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shapiro, Beth -- Drummond, Alexei J -- Rambaut, Andrew -- Wilson, Michael C -- Matheus, Paul E -- Sher, Andrei V -- Pybus, Oliver G -- Gilbert, M Thomas P -- Barnes, Ian -- Binladen, Jonas -- Willerslev, Eske -- Hansen, Anders J -- Baryshnikov, Gennady F -- Burns, James A -- Davydov, Sergei -- Driver, Jonathan C -- Froese, Duane G -- Harington, C Richard -- Keddie, Grant -- Kosintsev, Pavel -- Kunz, Michael L -- Martin, Larry D -- Stephenson, Robert O -- Storer, John -- Tedford, Richard -- Zimov, Sergei -- Cooper, Alan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 26;306(5701):1561-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Henry Wellcome Ancient Biomolecules Centre, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX13PS, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15567864" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Alaska ; Animals ; Bayes Theorem ; *Bison/classification/genetics ; Canada ; China ; *Climate ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Environment ; *Fossils ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; Human Activities ; Humans ; North America ; Phylogeny ; Population Dynamics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Time
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Foreign-born physician-scientists (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-08-03
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mendoza-Londono, Roberto -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 30;305(5684):609.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15286346" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Career Mobility ; Developing Countries ; *Education, Graduate ; *Emigration and Immigration ; *Foreign Medical Graduates ; Humans ; *Internship and Residency ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 75
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    Mutations in a human ROBO gene disrupt hindbrain axon pathway crossing and morphogenesis (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-04-24
    Beschreibung: The mechanisms controlling axon guidance are of fundamental importance in understanding brain development. Growing corticospinal and somatosensory axons cross the midline in the medulla to reach their targets and thus form the basis of contralateral motor control and sensory input. The motor and sensory projections appeared uncrossed in patients with horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis (HGPPS). In patients affected with HGPPS, we identified mutations in the ROBO3 gene, which shares homology with roundabout genes important in axon guidance in developing Drosophila, zebrafish, and mouse. Like its murine homolog Rig1/Robo3, but unlike other Robo proteins, ROBO3 is required for hindbrain axon midline crossing.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1618874/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1618874/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jen, Joanna C -- Chan, Wai-Man -- Bosley, Thomas M -- Wan, Jijun -- Carr, Janai R -- Rub, Udo -- Shattuck, David -- Salamon, Georges -- Kudo, Lili C -- Ou, Jing -- Lin, Doris D M -- Salih, Mustafa A M -- Kansu, Tulay -- Al Dhalaan, Hesham -- Al Zayed, Zayed -- MacDonald, David B -- Stigsby, Bent -- Plaitakis, Andreas -- Dretakis, Emmanuel K -- Gottlob, Irene -- Pieh, Christina -- Traboulsi, Elias I -- Wang, Qing -- Wang, Lejin -- Andrews, Caroline -- Yamada, Koki -- Demer, Joseph L -- Karim, Shaheen -- Alger, Jeffry R -- Geschwind, Daniel H -- Deller, Thomas -- Sicotte, Nancy L -- Nelson, Stanley F -- Baloh, Robert W -- Engle, Elizabeth C -- DC00162/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- DC05524/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- EY12498/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY13583/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY15298/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY15311/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- MH60233/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P30 HD 18655/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY008313/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY008313-14/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL066251/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 4;304(5676):1509-13. Epub 2004 Apr 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. jjen@ucla.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15105459" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Alternative Splicing ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Axons/*physiology ; Evoked Potentials, Motor ; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory ; Female ; Functional Laterality ; Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Medulla Oblongata/growth & development/pathology ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Morphogenesis ; Mutation ; Neural Pathways ; Ophthalmoplegia/*genetics/pathology/physiopathology ; Pedigree ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Immunologic/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rhombencephalon/*growth & development/pathology ; Scoliosis/*genetics/pathology/physiopathology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Syndrome
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Cancer research. Proposed leukemia stem cell encounters a blast of scrutiny (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-08-18
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 13;305(5686):929.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15310869" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Blast Crisis/*pathology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism ; Granulocytes/cytology ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/blood/*pathology ; Macrophages/cytology ; Mice ; Myeloid Progenitor Cells/pathology/*physiology ; Stem Cells/physiology ; Trans-Activators/metabolism ; beta Catenin
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 77
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    Uridine addition after microRNA-directed cleavage (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-11-06
    Beschreibung: One of the important roles of microRNA (miRNA) is to direct the cleavage of messenger RNA (mRNA). However, the mechanisms of decay of the cleaved mRNA products is not well understood. We show that miRNA-directed cleavage products in organisms as diverse as Arabidopsis, mouse, and Epstein-Barr virus have at their 3' ends a stretch (1 to 24 nucleotides) of oligouridine posttranscriptionally added downstream of the cleavage site. This 3' uridine addition, as shown for Arabidopsis, is correlated with decapping and 5' shortening of the cleaved products, suggesting a mechanistic step in the miRNA-directed mRNA decay mechanism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shen, Binzhang -- Goodman, Howard M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 5;306(5698):997.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15528436" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Arabidopsis ; Cells, Cultured ; Cloning, Molecular ; Herpesvirus 4, Human/metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; MicroRNAs/*metabolism ; Poly U/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Uridine/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 78
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    Reproductive biology. Japanese scientists create fatherless mouse (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-04-24
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 23;304(5670):501-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15105467" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; *Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; *Genomic Imprinting ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II/genetics/physiology ; Japan ; Mice ; Mutation ; Oocytes/*physiology ; *Parthenogenesis ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; RNA, Untranslated/genetics/physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 79
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    Invertebrate conservation. Respect for things that flutter, creep, and crawl (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-04-03
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 2;304(5667):27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15060291" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Food Chain ; *Invertebrates ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 80
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    Biomedicine. An end to the prion debate? Don't count on it (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-08-03
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 30;305(5684):589.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15286333" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amyloid/chemistry/metabolism ; Animals ; Brain Chemistry ; Escherichia coli/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Prion Diseases/*etiology ; Prions/administration & dosage/biosynthesis/chemistry/*pathogenicity ; Protein Folding ; Recombinant Proteins/administration & dosage/chemistry ; Time Factors
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 81
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    Psychopharmacology. Volatile chemistry: children and antidepressants (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-07-27
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 23;305(5683):468-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15273374" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation/adverse ; effects/pharmacokinetics/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Brain/metabolism ; Child ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Depressive Disorder/*drug therapy ; Emotions ; Humans ; Risk Factors ; Self-Injurious Behavior ; Serotonin/metabolism ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors/*adverse ; effects/pharmacokinetics/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Suicide ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 82
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    A link between mRNA turnover and RNA interference in Arabidopsis (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-11-06
    Beschreibung: In RNA interference (RNAi), double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) triggers degradation of homologous messenger RNA. In many organisms, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is required to initiate or amplify RNAi, but the substrate for dsRNA synthesis in vivo is not known. Here, we show that RdRp-dependent transgene silencing in Arabidopsis was caused by mutation of XRN4, which is a ribonuclease (RNase) implicated in mRNA turnover by means of decapping and 5'-3' exonucleolysis. When both XRN4 and the RdRp were mutated, the plants accumulated decapped transgene mRNA. We propose that mRNAs lacking a cap structure become exposed to RdRp to initiate or maintain RNAi.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gazzani, S -- Lawrenson, T -- Woodward, C -- Headon, D -- Sablowski, R -- BBS/E/J/00000594/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 5;306(5698):1046-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15528448" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Arabidopsis/*genetics ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics ; Exoribonucleases/genetics ; Gene Silencing ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics ; Mutation ; Plant Proteins/genetics ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; RNA Caps ; *RNA Interference ; RNA Replicase/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/*metabolism ; RNA, Plant/*metabolism ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 83
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    Honey bee nest thermoregulation: diversity promotes stability (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-06-26
    Beschreibung: A honey bee colony is characterized by high genetic diversity among its workers, generated by high levels of multiple mating by its queen. Few clear benefits of this genetic diversity are known. Here we show that brood nest temperatures in genetically diverse colonies (i.e., those sired by several males) tend to be more stable than in genetically uniform ones (i.e., those sired by one male). One reason this increased stability arises is because genetically determined diversity in workers' temperature response thresholds modulates the hive-ventilating behavior of individual workers, preventing excessive colony-level responses to temperature fluctuations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jones, Julia C -- Myerscough, Mary R -- Graham, Sonia -- Oldroyd, Benjamin P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 16;305(5682):402-4. Epub 2004 Jun 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, Macleay Building A12, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. jjones@bio.usyd.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15218093" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Bees/genetics/*physiology ; Behavior, Animal ; Biological Evolution ; Body Temperature Regulation ; Female ; *Genetic Variation ; Homeostasis ; Male ; Selection, Genetic ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Temperature
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 84
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    Autophagy in health and disease: a double-edged sword (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-11-06
    Beschreibung: Autophagy, the process by which cells recycle cytoplasm and dispose of excess or defective organelles, has entered the research spotlight largely owing to the discovery of the protein components that drive this process. Identifying the autophagy genes in yeast and finding orthologs in other organisms reveals the conservation of the mechanism of autophagy in eukaryotes and allows the use of molecular genetics and biology in different model systems to study this process. By mostly morphological studies, autophagy has been linked to disease processes. Whether autophagy protects from or causes disease is unclear. Here, we summarize current knowledge about the role of autophagy in disease and health.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1705980/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1705980/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shintani, Takahiro -- Klionsky, Daniel J -- GM53396/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM053396/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 5;306(5698):990-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Michigan, Life Sciences Institute, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15528435" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Apoptosis ; Autophagy/*physiology ; Humans ; Infection/physiopathology ; Muscular Diseases/physiopathology ; Neoplasms/physiopathology ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/physiopathology ; Phagosomes/physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 85
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    Human being redux (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-04-17
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gazzaniga, Michael S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 16;304(5669):388-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15087527" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Beginning of Human Life ; *Cloning, Organism/ethics/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Embryo Research/ethics ; Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Humans ; Korea ; Personhood ; Stem Cells ; United States ; Value of Life
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 86
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    Comment on "Reelin promotes peripheral synapse elimination and maturation" (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-03-27
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bidoia, C -- Misgeld, T -- Weinzierl, E -- Buffelli, M -- Feng, G -- Cangiano, A -- Lichtman, J W -- Sanes, J R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 26;303(5666):1977; author reply 1977.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche e della Visione, Universita' di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, Verona, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15044788" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Axons/physiology/ultrastructure ; Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/genetics/*physiology ; Crosses, Genetic ; Diaphragm/innervation ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Neurologic Mutants ; Mice, Transgenic ; Motor Endplate/ultrastructure ; Muscle, Skeletal/innervation ; Mutation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Neuromuscular Junction/*growth & development/physiology/ultrastructure ; Phenotype ; Serine Endopeptidases ; Synapses/*physiology/ultrastructure
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 87
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    Basic and clinical immunology meeting. And action! Dendritic cells go live (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-08-07
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 6;305(5685):772-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15297645" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Antirheumatic Agents/therapeutic use ; Arthritis, Juvenile/drug therapy/genetics/immunology ; Autoimmunity ; Cell Movement ; Child ; Dendritic Cells/*immunology/physiology ; Humans ; *Immune Tolerance ; Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein ; Interleukin-1/genetics/physiology ; Lymph Nodes/immunology ; Mice ; Sialoglycoproteins/therapeutic use ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Up-Regulation
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 88
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    Intracellular parasite invasion strategies (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-04-10
    Beschreibung: Intracellular parasites use various strategies to invade cells and to subvert cellular signaling pathways and, thus, to gain a foothold against host defenses. Efficient cell entry, ability to exploit intracellular niches, and persistence make these parasites treacherous pathogens. Most intracellular parasites gain entry via host-mediated processes, but apicomplexans use a system of adhesion-based motility called "gliding" to actively penetrate host cells. Actin polymerization-dependent motility facilitates parasite migration across cellular barriers, enables dissemination within tissues, and powers invasion of host cells. Efficient invasion has brought widespread success to this group, which includes Toxoplasma, Plasmodium, and Cryptosporidium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sibley, L D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 9;304(5668):248-53.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. sibley@borcim.wustl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15073368" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Actins/physiology ; Animals ; Apicomplexa/*pathogenicity/*physiology ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Membrane/parasitology ; Cells/*parasitology ; Cryptosporidium/pathogenicity/physiology ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Motor Proteins/physiology ; Movement ; Plasmodium/pathogenicity/physiology ; Protozoan Proteins/metabolism ; Toxoplasma/pathogenicity/physiology ; Vacuoles/parasitology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 89
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    Genomics. New sequence boosts rats' research appeal (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-01-24
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 23;303(5657):455-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14739433" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Animal Experimentation ; Animals ; Biological Specimen Banks ; Cloning, Organism ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Genome ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Mice/genetics ; Models, Animal ; Mutagenesis ; *Rats/genetics ; Recombination, Genetic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 90
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    Ecology. Where rivers meet (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-09-28
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gascon, Claude -- Smith, Michael Leonard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 24;305(5692):1922-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Conservation International, Washington, DC 20036, USA. c.gascon@conservation.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15448259" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Electric Fish/*physiology ; Rivers ; South America
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 91
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    Basic and clinical immunology meeting. An old favorite is resurrected: regulatory T cells take the stage (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-08-07
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 6;305(5685):772.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15297644" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Autoimmune Diseases/immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Humans ; *Immune Tolerance ; Receptors, Interleukin-2/analysis ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 92
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    Use of CD134 as a primary receptor by the feline immunodeficiency virus (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-02-21
    Beschreibung: Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) induces a disease similar to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in cats, yet in contrast to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), CD4 is not the viral receptor. We identified a primary receptor for FIV as CD134 (OX40), a T cell activation antigen and costimulatory molecule. CD134 expression promotes viral binding and renders cells permissive for viral entry, productive infection, and syncytium formation. Infection is CXCR4-dependent, analogous to infection with X4 strains of HIV. Thus, despite the evolutionary divergence of the feline and human lentiviruses, both viruses use receptors that target the virus to a subset of cells that are pivotal to the acquired immune response.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shimojima, Masayuki -- Miyazawa, Takayuki -- Ikeda, Yasuhiro -- McMonagle, Elizabeth L -- Haining, Hayley -- Akashi, Hiroomi -- Takeuchi, Yasuhiro -- Hosie, Margaret J -- Willett, Brian J -- R01 AI49765-01A1/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 20;303(5661):1192-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14976315" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism/virology ; Cats ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA, Complementary ; Gene Library ; HIV/metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Heterocyclic Compounds/pharmacology ; Humans ; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline/*metabolism/pathogenicity ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Receptors, CXCR4/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Receptors, OX40 ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/chemistry/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Receptors, Virus/chemistry/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Species Specificity ; Transduction, Genetic ; Transfection
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 93
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    TGF-beta signaling in fibroblasts modulates the oncogenic potential of adjacent epithelia (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-02-07
    Beschreibung: Stromal cells can have a significant impact on the carcinogenic process in adjacent epithelia. The role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling in such epithelial-mesenchymal interactions was determined by conditional inactivation of the TGF-beta type II receptor gene in mouse fibroblasts (Tgfbr2fspKO). The loss of TGF-beta responsiveness in fibroblasts resulted in intraepithelial neoplasia in prostate and invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the forestomach, both associated with an increased abundance of stromal cells. Activation of paracrine hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signaling was identified as one possible mechanism for stimulation of epithelial proliferation. Thus, TGF-beta signaling in fibroblasts modulates the growth and oncogenic potential of adjacent epithelia in selected tissues.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhowmick, Neil A -- Chytil, Anna -- Plieth, David -- Gorska, Agnieszka E -- Dumont, Nancy -- Shappell, Scott -- Washington, M Kay -- Neilson, Eric G -- Moses, Harold L -- AR41943/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- CA102162/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA68485/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA85492/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DK46282/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 6;303(5659):848-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14764882" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/etiology/metabolism/pathology ; Cell Division ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cells, Cultured ; Epithelial Cells/*physiology ; Female ; Fibroblasts/*physiology ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/*etiology/metabolism/pathology ; Prostate/cytology/metabolism/pathology ; Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia/etiology/metabolism/pathology ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/metabolism ; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics/metabolism ; Recombination, Genetic ; *Signal Transduction ; Stomach/cytology/metabolism/pathology ; Stomach Neoplasms/etiology/metabolism/pathology ; Stromal Cells/*physiology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 94
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    Genetics. Development gene may give nerve cells a sense of identity (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-02-07
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 6;303(5659):744.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14764840" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Alternative Splicing ; Animals ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; Drosophila/cytology/*genetics/growth & development ; Drosophila Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes, Insect ; Neurons/*physiology ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Proteins/*genetics/physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 95
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    Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology meeting. Shark flexes its teeth for tough meals (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-02-14
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 13;303(5660):950.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14963304" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Crustacea ; Feeding Behavior ; Fishes ; Ligaments/chemistry/physiology ; *Mastication ; Predatory Behavior ; Sharks/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Tooth/*anatomy & histology/physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 96
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    Mouse biology at Monterotondo (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-11-30
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kafatos, Fotis C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 26;306(5701):1475.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15567837" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Academies and Institutes ; Animals ; Europe ; *Genetic Research ; International Cooperation ; Italy ; Mice/*genetics ; Research Personnel
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 97
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    Protein kinase C overactivity impairs prefrontal cortical regulation of working memory (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-10-30
    Beschreibung: The prefrontal cortex is a higher brain region that regulates thought, behavior, and emotion using representational knowledge, operations often referred to as working memory. We tested the influence of protein kinase C (PKC) intracellular signaling on prefrontal cortical cognitive function and showed that high levels of PKC activity in prefrontal cortex, as seen for example during stress exposure, markedly impair behavioral and electrophysiological measures of working memory. These data suggest that excessive PKC activation can disrupt prefrontal cortical regulation of behavior and thought, possibly contributing to signs of prefrontal cortical dysfunction such as distractibility, impaired judgment, impulsivity, and thought disorder.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Birnbaum, S G -- Yuan, P X -- Wang, M -- Vijayraghavan, S -- Bloom, A K -- Davis, D J -- Gobeske, K T -- Sweatt, J D -- Manji, H K -- Arnsten, A F T -- AG06036/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH068789/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 29;306(5697):882-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Yale Medical School, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8001, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15514161" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/pharmacology ; Alkaloids ; Animals ; Benzophenanthridines ; Carbolines/pharmacology ; Electrophysiology ; Enzyme Activation ; Female ; Imidazoles/pharmacology ; Lithium Carbonate/pharmacology ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Memory/drug effects/*physiology ; Neurons/drug effects/physiology ; Phenanthridines/pharmacology ; Prefrontal Cortex/enzymology/*physiology ; Protein Kinase C/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Stress, Physiological/physiopathology ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology ; Valproic Acid/pharmacology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 98
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    2004 election. Kerry blasts Bush over U.S. science (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-06-26
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 25;304(5679):1888.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15218115" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Biomedical Research ; Cell Line ; Humans ; *Politics ; *Research Support as Topic ; *Science ; Stem Cells ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 99
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    Anthropology. No pen or ink needed (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-07-03
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 2;305(5680):32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15232084" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture ; *Anthropology ; *Culture ; History, 16th Century ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Indians, South American/history ; Mathematics ; New Guinea ; Writing/*history
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 100
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    Neuroscience. Signposts to the essence of language (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-09-18
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Siegal, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 17;305(5691):1720-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TP, UK. m.siegal@sheffield.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15375252" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Child ; Cohort Studies ; Deafness ; Gestures ; Humans ; *Language ; *Learning ; Linguistics ; Movement ; Nicaragua ; *Sign Language
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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