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  • Animals  (27,852)
  • 550 - Earth sciences  (19,122)
  • ASTROPHYSICS  (16,581)
  • Earthquake precursor: prediction research
  • Tectonics
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2023-10-24
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This publication correspond to an abstract accepted as an oral presentation in the XXI International INQUA Congress 2023, held in Rome, on 14–20 July 2023. The work was presented in the session 185 &039;Active faults evolution: revelations from different timescales&039;. The abstract is shown in the inquaroma2023.exordo.com platform printed in a PDF.
    Keywords: Geoscientific Information ; Neotectonics ; Cosmogenic Nuclides ; Geomorphology ; Tectonics ; Structural Geology
    Type: Text , Abstract
    Format: 178 Kilobytes
    Format: PDF
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-01-19
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The present dataset correspond to georeferenced high-resolution DEMs (0.1-0.32 m) and orthophotos (0.035-0.08 m) of crustal faults&039; scarps and outcrops, derived from UAV imagery data obtained during a field campaign in December 2021. The imagery data was processed with Agisoft PhotoScan 1.4.0 (e.g., Uysal et al., 2015) for 4 key sites (~2.8 km²) between Quebrada de Tana and Quebrada Aroma, Northernmost Chile, and used as part of the input data for a fault database of the study area.
    Keywords: Imagery/Base Maps/Earth Cover ; Terrestrial Observation ; Quaternary Geology ; Geomorphology ; Structural Geology ; Tectonics ; Neotectonics ; 551 Geology, hydrology, meteorology
    Type: Dataset , DEMs and Orthophotos
    Format: 1590842661 Bytes
    Format: GeoTIFF
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2023-02-21
    Description: We take advantage of the new large AlpArray Seismic Network (AASN) as part of the AlpArray research initiative (www.alparray.ethz.ch), to establish a consistent seismicity-catalogue for the greater Alpine region (GAR) for the time period 2016 January 1–2019 December 31. We use data from 1103 stations including the AASN backbone composed of 352 permanent and 276 (including 30 OBS) temporary broad-band stations (network code Z3). Although characterized by a moderate seismic hazard, the European Alps and surrounding regions have a higher seismic risk due to the higher concentration of values and people. For these reasons, the GAR seismicity is monitored and routinely reported in catalogues by a 11 national and 2 regional seismic observatories. The heterogeneity of these data set limits the possibility of extracting consistent information by simply merging to investigate the GAR's seismicity as a whole. The uniformly spaced and dense AASN provides, for the first time, a unique opportunity to calculate high-precision hypocentre locations and consistent magnitude estimation with uniformity and equal uncertainty across the GAR. We present a new, multistep, semi-automatic method to process ∼50 TB of seismic signals, combining three different software. We used the SeisComP3 for the initial earthquake detection, a newly developed Python library ADAPT for high-quality re-picking, and the well-established VELEST algorithm both for filtering and final location purposes. Moreover, we computed new local magnitudes based on the final high-precision hypocentre locations and re-evaluation of the amplitude observations. The final catalogue contains 3293 seismic events and is complete down to local magnitude 2.4 and regionally consistent with the magnitude 3+ of national catalogues for the same time period. Despite covering only 4 yr of seismicity, our catalogue evidences the main fault systems and orogens’ front in the region, that are documented as seismically active by the EPOS-EMSC manually revised regional bulletin for the same time period. Additionally, we jointly inverted for a new regional minimum 1-D P-wave velocity model for the GAR and station delays for both permanent station networks and temporary arrays. These results provide the base for a future re-evaluation of the past decades of seismicity, and for the future seismicity, eventually improving seismic-hazard studies in the region. Moreover, we provide a unique, consistent seismic data set fundamental to further investigate this complex and seismically active area. The catalogue, the minimum 1-D P-wave velocity model, and station delays associated are openly shared and distributed with a permanent DOI listed in the data availability section.
    Description: The AlpArray-Switzerland project is funded by the Swiss-AlpArray SINERGIA project CRSII2_154434/1 by Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF).
    Description: Published
    Description: 921-943
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Earthquake source observations ; Seismicity ; Tectonics ; Statistical seismology ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.01. Earth Interior
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2023-07-04
    Description: The Andean Plateau of north‐western Argentina (Puna) at a mean elevation of ca. 4.2 km constitutes the southern continuation of the Altiplano; it is a compressional basin‐and‐range province comprising fault‐bounded, high‐elevation mountain ranges and largely internally drained basins with often thick sedimentary and volcaniclastic fill. Growing sedimentological and structural evidence supports the notion that the north‐western Argentine Andes between 22° and 26°S developed from an initial extensive broken‐foreland system that extended across the present‐day eastern Andean flank during the early to middle Eocene. However, compelling evidence of the tectonic history of this region is still missing. Here, we present new apatite fission track and zircon (U–Th)/He thermochronological data and U–Pb zircon ages from intercalated volcanic ash deposits from the Pastos Chicos Basin (23.5°S, 66.5°W) to constrain basin formation and the timing of major crustal deformation in the northern Puna. Inverse thermal modeling of the thermochronological data provides further temporal constraints on the late Cenozoic cooling history of the crust in this region and, by inference, on the timing of upper‐crustal shortening, range uplift, and basin formation in the northern sector of the present‐day Puna Plateau. Specifically, we argue for plateau‐wide distributed deformation in the Eocene between 23° and 24°S, followed by spatially disparate and diachronous deformation (Oligocene to Pliocene).
    Description: Plain Language Summary: The Argentine Puna Plateau is a mountainous region in the Central Andes of South America. It is the result of the tectonic convergence between the oceanic Nazca Plate and the continental South American Plate. However, the detailed tectonic evolution of this region is yet unknown. We present new thermochronologic data from the Puna Plateau that allow inferences about crustal deformation and mountain range uplift. Combined with previous studies, our results suggest deformation distributed over the entire plateau during the Eocene. Thereafter, local deformation occurred spatially non‐systematic, possibly related to zones of weakness in the crust.
    Description: Key Points: Thermal modeling of apatite fission track and (U‐Th)/He zircon data from the Pastos Chicos Basin shows Oligo‐Miocene onset of exhumation. Regional compilation of spatio‐temporal deformation at 23°–24°S suggests out‐of‐sequence deformation related to basement heterogeneities. Mio‐Pliocene U–Pb zircon ages of volcanic ash deposits refine the chronostratigraphy of the Pastos Chicos Basin.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: Brandenburg Ministry of Sciences, Research and Cultural Affairs, Germany
    Description: Blaustein Fund
    Description: Fulbright Foundation
    Description: France‐Stanford Center for Interdisciplinary Studies
    Description: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.20209865.v1
    Keywords: ddc:551.8 ; Puna Plateau ; NW Argentina ; thermochronology ; U–Pb zircon geochronology ; mountain range uplift ; Tectonics
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2023-06-28
    Description: In the brittle regime, faults tend to be oriented along an angle of about 30° relative to the principal stress direction. This empirical Andersonian observation is usually explained by the orientation of the stress tensor and the slope of the yield envelope defined by the Mohr-Coulomb criterion, often called critical-stress theory, assuming frictional properties of the crustal rocks (μ ≈ 0.6−0.8). However, why the slope has a given value? We suggest that the slope dip is constrained by the occurrence of the largest shear stress gradient along that inclination. High homogeneous shear stress, i.e., without gradients, may generate aseismic creep as for example in flat decollements, both along thrusts and low-angle normal faults, whereas along ramps larger shear stress gradients determine higher energy accumulation and stick-slip behaviour with larger sudden seismic energy release. Further variability of the angle is due to variations of the internal friction and of the Poisson ratio, being related to different lithologies, anisotropies and pre-existing fractures and faults. Misaligned faults are justified to occur due to the local weaknesses in the crustal volume; however, having lower stress gradients along dip than the optimally-oriented ones, they have higher probability of being associated with lower seismogenic potential or even aseismic behavior.
    Description: Published
    Description: 100211
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Keywords: Fault dip ; Tectonic settings ; Shear stress gradients ; Tectonics ; Seismogenic faults ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
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    University of Calgary Press
    Publication Date: 2022-07-19
    Description: How have our interactions with animals shaped Calgary? What can we do to ensure that humans and animals in the city continue to co-exist, and even flourish together? This wide-ranging book explores the ways that animals inhabit our city, our lives and our imaginations. Essays from animal historians, wildlife specialists, artists and writers address key issues such as human-wildlife interactions, livestock in the city, and animal performers at the Calgary Stampede. Contributions from some of Calgary's iconic arts institutions, including One Yellow Rabbit Performance Theatre, Decidedly Jazz Danceworks, and the Glenbow Museum, demonstrate how animals continue to be a source of inspiration and exploration for fashion, art, dance, and theatre. The full-colour volume is beautifully illustrated throughout with archival images, wildlife photography, documentary and production stills, and original artwork. Calgary: City of Animals is published in co-operation with the Calgary Institute for the Humanities.
    Keywords: Nature ; Animals ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFZ Animals & society
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    University of Calgary Press
    Publication Date: 2022-07-19
    Description: Animal Metropolis brings a Canadian perspective to the growing field of animal history, ranging across species and cities, from the beavers who engineered Stanley Park to the carthorses who shaped the city of Montreal. Some essays consider animals as spectacle: orca captivity in Vancouver, polar bear tourism in Churchill, Manitoba, fish on display in the Dominion Fisheries Museum, and the racialized memory of Jumbo the elephant in St. Thomas, Ontario. Others examine the bodily intimacies of shared urban spaces: the regulation of rabid dogs in Banff, the maternal politics of pure milk in Hamilton and the circulation of tetanus bacilli from horse to human in Toronto. Another considers the marginalization of women in Canada’s animal welfare movement. The authors collectively push forward from a historiography that features nonhuman animals as objects within human-centered inquiries to a historiography that considers the eclectic contacts, exchanges, and cohabitation of human and nonhuman animals. With contributions by: Kristoffer Archibald, Jason Colby, George Colpitts, Joanna Dean, Carla Hustak, Darcy Ingram, Sean Kheraj, William Knight, Sherry Olson, Rachel Poliquin, and Christabelle Sethna
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthropology ; Environmental Science ; History ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFZ Animals & society
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Berghahn Books | Berghahn Books
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Employing methodological perspectives from the fields of political geography, environmental studies, anthropology, and their cognate disciplines, this volume explores alternative logics of sentient landscapes as racist, xenophobic, and right-wing. While the field of sentient landscapes has gained critical attention, the literature rarely seems to question the intentionality of sentient landscapes, which are often romanticized as pure, good, and just, and perceived as protectors of those who are powerless, indigenous, and colonized. The book takes a new stance on sentient landscapes with the intention of dispelling the denial of “coevalness” represented by their scholarly romanticization.
    Keywords: Social Science ; Sociology ; Rural ; Nature ; Animals ; Social Science ; Anthropology ; Cultural & Social ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFS Social groups::JFSF Rural communities ; bic Book Industry Communication::W Lifestyle, sport & leisure::WN Natural history::WNC Wildlife: general interest ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social & cultural anthropology, ethnography
    Language: English
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2022-03-31
    Description: QUESTO VOLUME RACCONTA UNA STORIA DI CAMBIAMENTI. Da un lato i cambiamenti del nostro pianeta, un ambiente vivo e in continua trasformazione; dall’altro, i cambiamenti nel modo di pensare, vedere e spiegare il mondo che, nell’arco di duemila anni, hanno guidato l’uomo nella comprensione dei meccanismi che regolano l’evoluzione della Terra. Il risultato di questo lungo percorso è la teoria della Tettonica delle Placche, una delle più importanti rivoluzioni scientifiche del XX secolo. La sua enunciazione ha coronato un’epoca d’oro per le Scienze della Terra. Accolta inizialmente con scetticismo, talvolta apertamente osteggiata, è stata accettata da un’intera generazione di scienziati che hanno fatto proprie le idee sulla deriva dei continenti, ponendo le basi per il cambiamento del modo di studiare e comprendere la dinamica della Terra: dalla visione di un pianeta statico, cristallizzato nelle sue forme, si è passati alla consapevolezza di vivere su un pianeta dinamico, continuamente rimodellato dalla tettonica globale. La teoria della Tettonica delle Placche è in grado, da sola, di spiegare fenomeni apparentemente inconciliabili: l’attività sismica, l’orogenesi, la disposizione dei vulcani, il magnetismo delle rocce, la formazione di strutture come le fosse oceaniche e gli archi vulcanici, la distribuzione e la forma dei continenti, il riaggiustamento isostatico postglaciale, la distribuzione geografica delle faune e flore fossili e la sorprendente struttura dei fondali oceanici. In questo volume percorriamo un lungo viaggio attraverso le intuizioni e le scoperte degli scienziati che, più di tutti, hanno contribuito alla formulazione della teoria della Tettonica delle Placche. I geografi del XVI secolo avevano notato, per primi, la somiglianza tra i margini dei continenti che si affacciano sull’Oceano Atlantico; nei secoli successivi sono state formulate molte ipotesi per spiegare queste caratteristiche della superficie e comprendere come siano correlate con la struttura interna della Terra, fino ad arrivare all’ipotesi sulla deriva dei continenti di Alfred Wegener. All’inizio del XX secolo erano già stati raccolti tutti gli elementi per una prima formalizzazione della teoria. Ma saranno la seconda guerra mondiale, prima, e la guerra fredda, dopo, a fornire l’opportunità per studiare in modo approfondito i fondali oceanici e per realizzare le prime reti sismiche globali. I nuovi dati raccolti forniranno le evidenze più schiaccianti a sostegno della Tettonica delle Placche. Con l’avvento del nuovo millennio, l’attenzione di molti scienziati si è rivolta allo studio dei pianeti extraterrestri in cerca dei segni di attività tettonica. Oggi sappiamo infatti che ha avuto un ruolo fondamentale nella comparsa della vita sulla Terra: l’individuazione di questi segni sarà centrale per la ricerca di mondi alieni che possano aver ospitato, o potranno ospitare, la vita.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2TM. Divulgazione Scientifica
    Keywords: Tectonics ; Education ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2022-06-09
    Description: Near-continuous monitoring both of gas emissions (CO2, CH4 and H2S) and of water temperature at Santa Venera al Pozzo thermal springs (SE foot of Mt. Etna volcano, Sicily, Italy) was conducted from December 2017 to April 2019, using a novel and cheaper Chromatography Monitoring System (CMS) coupled with a water temperature sensor. The results showed methane as predominant gas and temporal changes in gas concentrations that were in part due to daily fluctuations, which caused small amplitude variations, and in part due to non-environmental causes. These latter were correlated with the occurrence of strong earthquakes and slow tectonic events related to magmatic intrusions, but not with input of magmatic gases into the thermal aquifer, given the nonmagmatic origin of all monitored gases. Methane spikes were observed during many volcano-tectonic events and call for a deep source of this gas. H2S was detected only during the strongest local tectonic events, including a Mw 4.9 earthquake, suggesting that this gas has a common origin as CH4 (i.e., mixing between microbial and thermogenic gas), but it is released only when tectonic stress is applied for sufficiently long periods as to cause H2S oversaturation in the hydrothermal aquifer. Water temperature decreases were also observed immediately after the two strongest earthquakes in the area, which helped us produce a comprehensive model to explain the observed geochemical variations. Our approach allowed revealing the great sensitivity of gases such as CH4 and especially H2S to tectonic stress, thus making them valuable indicators of impending strong tectonic or volcanotectonic events.
    Description: Published
    Description: 229388
    Description: 9T. Geochimica dei fluidi applicata allo studio e al monitoraggio di aree sismiche
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Earthquakes ; Volcanic activity ; Geothermal systems ; Fluids ; Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 11
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    transcript Verlag | transcript Verlag
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Wie werden Natur und Tiere durch die Multispezies-Ethnographie inklusiv in Forschungsprojekte integriert? Katharina Ameli fokussiert die inter- und multidisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit. Aus einer Untersuchung der Schnittstellen zwischen gesellschafts- und naturwissenschaftlich orientierten Fachdisziplinen ergibt sich eine komplexe Betrachtung von Natur, Mensch und Tier. Die Einblicke in Interdependenzen unterschiedlicher Fachdisziplinen verdeutlichen den Bedarf an einer Multispezies-Ethnographie zur Analyse von MenschenTiereNaturenKulturen.
    Keywords: Natur ; Mensch ; Tiere ; Naturverständnis ; Interdisziplinarität ; Qualitative Forschung ; Kultur ; Ethnographie ; Umwelt ; Tier ; Human-animal Studies ; Umweltsoziologie ; Kulturanthropologie ; Kultursoziologie ; Kulturwissenschaft ; Nature ; Human ; Animals ; Understanding of Nature ; Interdisciplinarity ; Qualitative Research ; Culture ; Ethnography ; Environment ; Animal ; Environmental Sociology ; Cultural Anthropology ; Sociology of Culture ; Cultural Studies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues::JBFU Animals and society ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNT Social impact of environmental issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social and cultural anthropology
    Language: German
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  • 12
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    University Press of Colorado | University Press of Colorado
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Animals and Inequality in the Ancient World explores the current trends in the social archaeology of human-animal relationships, focusing on the ways in which animals are used to structure, create, support, and even deconstruct social inequalities. The authors provide a global range of case studies from both New and Old World archaeology—royal Aztec dog burial, the monumental horse tombs of Central Asia, and the ceremonial macaw cages of ancient Mexico among them. They explore the complex relationships between people and animals in social, economic, political, and ritual contexts, incorporating animal remains from archaeological sites with artifacts, texts, and iconography to develop their interpretations. Animals and Inequality in the Ancient World presents new data and interpretations that reveal the role of animals, their products, and their symbolism in structuring social inequalities in the ancient world. The volume will be of interest to archaeologists, especially zooarchaeologists, and classical scholars of pre-modern civilizations and societies.  Contributors: Alejandra Aguirre Molina, Benjamin S. Arbuckle, Levent Atici, Douglas V. Campana, Roderick Campbell, Ximena Chá­vez Balderas, Pam J. Crabtree, Susan D. deFrance, Kitty F. Emery, Abigail Holeman, H. Edwin Jackson, Leonardo López Lujá­n, Michael MacKinnon, Arkadiusz Marciniak, Sue Ann McCarty, Neil L. Norman, Gilberto Perez, Bernardo Rodriguez, William A. Saturno, Ashley E. Sharpe, Nawa Sugiyama, Charlotte K. Sunseri, Naomi Sykes, Fabiola Torres, Raul Valadez, Norma Valentin Maldonado, Adam S. Watson, Joshua Wright, Belem Zuniga-Arelleno
    Keywords: History ; Ancient ; Social Science ; Archaeology ; Nature ; Animals ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHC Ancient history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NK Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WN Nature and the natural world: general interest::WNC Wildlife: general interest
    Language: English
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Neurodegenerative diseases are the most frequent cause of dementia, representing a burden for public health systems (especially in middle and middle-high income countries). Although most research on this issue is concentrated in first-world centers, growing efforts in South America are affording important breakthroughs. This emerging agenda poses new challenges for the region but also new opportunities for the field. This book aims to integrate the community of experts across the globe and the region, and to establish new challenges and developments for future investigation. We present research focused on neurodegenerative research in South America. We introduce studies assessing the interplay among genetic, neural, and behavioral dimensions of these diseases, as well as articles on vulnerability factors, comparisons of findings from various countries, and works promoting multicenter and collaborative networking. More generally, our book covers a broad scope of human-research approaches (behavioral assessment, neuroimaging, electromagnetic techniques, brain connectivity, peripheral measures), animal methodologies (genetics, epigenetics, proteomics, metabolomics, other molecular biology tools), species (all human and non-human animals, sporadic, and genetic versions), and article types (original research, review, and opinion papers). Through this wide-ranging proposal, we hope to introduce a fresh approach to the challenges and opportunities of research on neurodegeneration in South America.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; South America ; Multicenter research ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Neurosciences ; Public Health ; Animals ; Clinical Protocols ; Research ; Human Experimentation ; Dementia ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: drugs ; Behavior ; Memory tasks ; pre-clinical ; clinical ; Humans ; Animals ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKG Pharmacology
    Language: English
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2022-01-20
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This dataset includes raw data used in the paper by Reitano et al. (2022), focused on the effect of boundary conditions on the evolution of analogue accretionary wedges affected by both tectonics and surface processes; the paper also focuses on the balance between tectonics and surface processes as a function of the boundary conditions applied. These boundary conditions are convergence velocity and basal slope (i.e., the tilting toward the foreland imposed prior the experimental run). The experiments have been carried out at Laboratory of Experimental Tectonics (LET), University “Roma Tre” (Rome). Detailed descriptions of the experimental apparatus and experimental procedures implemented can be found in the paper to which this dataset refers. Here we present: •Pictures recording the evolution of the models. •GIFs showing time-lapses of models. •Raw DEMs of the models and Incision DEMs, used for extracting data later discusses in the paper.
    Description: Methods
    Description: We took digital images during the evolution of the experiments. These images are stored in the “2021-041_Reitano-et-al_Pictures_and_GIFs” folder. Digital Images The qualitative evolution of the analogue models has been recorded using a digital oblique-view camera (Canon EOS 200D). Digital pictures have not been modified with other imaging software. Data from models' surface Laser scan provides a point cloud, composed by x, y, z coordinated of the points composing the model surface (the number of points is function of the laser resolution). The laser scans are converted to raw DEMs, here stored in the “DEMs” folder. For making the file easily readable to GIS software, data are expressed in m (100 m = 1 mm, see scaling section in the main paper). Bottom left corner in the DEMs is randomly chosen to be -70 ∙ 103 m. No data values equal to -9999. Cell size is 100 m (1 mm in the models). Incision and Mass Balance The .txt files inside the “2021-041_Reitano-et-al_DEMs” folder named “CR****_dem**clip” has been used for producing Fig. 6, 8, 10, and S3 in Reitano et al. (2021). From these DEMs we calculated the Mass Balance, as described in the paper this repository refers to. The .txt files named “CR****_inc**ok” have been used for calculating the incision values shown in Fig. 5 and 7 in Reitano et al. (2021). To obtain incision maps and incision over time, the volume of material incised was computed by comparing the actual topography with the reconstructed non-eroded surface at every shortening step. The non-eroded surface has been calculated by creating an envelope surface using crest lines between valleys as constraints (the assumption is that crests do not erode). The results are then a minimum estimate of the amount of incision.
    Keywords: Tectonics ; Erosion ; Sedimentation ; Mass Balance ; Analogue models ; EPOS ; multi-scale laboratories ; analogue models of geologic processes ; property data of analogue modelling materials ; analogue modelling results ; software tools ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES 〉 FLUVIAL LANDFORMS 〉 FLOOD PLAIN ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES 〉 FLUVIAL LANDFORMS 〉 RIVER ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES 〉 FLUVIAL LANDFORMS 〉 STREAM ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES 〉 FLUVIAL LANDFORMS 〉 VALLEY ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES 〉 FLUVIAL LANDFORMS 〉 WATERSHED/DRAINAGE BASINS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES 〉 FLUVIAL PROCESSES 〉 SEDIMENT TRANSPORT ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES 〉 FLUVIAL PROCESSES 〉 SEDIMENTATION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES 〉 FLUVIAL PROCESSES 〉 WEATHERING ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES 〉 TECTONIC LANDFORMS 〉 MOUNTAINS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES 〉 TECTONIC PROCESSES 〉 OROGENIC MOVEMENT ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES 〉 TECTONIC PROCESSES 〉 TECTONIC UPLIFT ; hydrosphere 〉 water (geographic) 〉 surface water ; science 〉 natural science 〉 earth science 〉 geology 〉 tectonics
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2021-06-15
    Description: Sicily hosts many natural manifestations that include thermal waters, gas discharges and mud volcanoes. Due to the significant geodynamic and geological differences, the fluid discharges along a NE-WS–oriented transect that run from the Peloritani Mts. to the Sciacca Plain shows a large variability in water and gas chemical and isotopic compositions. The studied waters are characterized by Ca-HCO3, Ca(Mg)-SO4, Ca-Cl and Na-Cl compositions produced by distinct geochemical processes such as water-rock-gas interactions, mixing between deep and shallow aquifers and seawater and direct and reverse ion exchanges. The gas chemistry is dominated by CO2 to the east and CO2-N2 to the west of the study area, whereas the central part shows mud volcanoes discharging CH4-rich gases. Water isotopes suggest that the thermal waters are fed by a meteoric recharge, although isotopic exchange processes between thermal fluids and host rocks at temperature 〉150°C are recognized. Accordingly, liquid geothermometry suggests equilibrium temperatures up to 220°C. The carbon in CO2 and helium isotopes of the emissions from the westernmost sector of Sicily indicate that these two gases consists of up to 40 % of a mantle component, the latter decreasing to the east down to 10% where CO2 of thermometamorphic origin dominates. Accordingly, conceptual models of the fluid circulation for the western, central and eastern sectors are proposed. The regional geothermal reservoir, hosted in carbonates in the western sector and locally outcropping, is of low to medium temperature. Higher temperature conditions (up to 200-220°C) are suggested by geothermometry and probably related to deeper levels of the system. Sicily can be regarded as a potentially suitable area for future investigations to evaluate specific activities aimed at exploiting the geothermal resource.
    Description: Published
    Description: 102120
    Description: 9T. Geochimica dei fluidi applicata allo studio e al monitoraggio di aree sismiche
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Fluid geochemistry ; Stable isotopes ; Geothermal exploration ; Dissolved gases ; Tectonics ; 03. Hydrosphere
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2023-12-19
    Description: The Southern Andes are regarded as a typical subduction orogen formed by oblique plate convergence. However, there is considerable uncertainty as to how deformation is kinematically partitioned in the upper plate. Here we use analogue experiments conducted in the MultiBox (Multifunctional analogue Box) apparatus to investigate dextral transpression in the Southern Andes between 34 °S and 42 °S. We find that transpression in our models is caused mainly by two prominent fault sets; transpression zone-parallel dextral oblique-slip thrust faults and sinistral oblique-slip reverse faults. The latter of these sets may be equivalent to northwest-striking faults which were believed to be pre-Andean in origin. We also model variable crustal strength in our experiments and find that stronger crust north of 37 °S and weaker crust to the south best reproduces the observed GPS velocity field. We propose that transpression in the Southern Andes is accommodated by distributed deformation rather than localized displacements on few margin-parallel faults.
    Description: Upper crustal transpression in the Southern Andes is mainly accommodated by widespread deformation on oblique-slip reverse and thrust faults, according to a comparison of scaled analogue models with the observed GPS velocity field and fault patterns.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5880/fidgeo.2021.023
    Keywords: ddc:550.729 ; Structural geology ; Tectonics ; southern Andes ; transpression ; modelling
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 18
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution February 2021.
    Description: This thesis explores the volatile content of the mantle, subducted oceanic crust, and arc magmas as well as the structure of slow spreading ocean crust and the heterogeneity of Earth’s upper mantle. In Chapter 2, I directly explore the halogen (F and Cl) content of mantle minerals in situ, then use these measurements to assess the halogen content of the upper mantle. In Chapter 3, I investigate the volatile content of Raspas eclogites (SW Ecuador), a proxy for deeply subducted oceanic crust, to evaluate volatile transfer from crustal generation at divergent plate boundaries (e.g., mid-ocean ridges) to recycling of ocean crust at subduction zones. In Chapter 4, I use the H2O content of nominally anhydrous minerals in plutonic arc cumulates to elucidate the H2O content of the melts from which the rocks crystallized. In this way, I assert that primitive arc magmas may contain 4–10 wt.% H2O and through fractional crystallization up to ~20 wt.% H2O, making them far more hydrous than traditional methods (i.e., olivine-hosted melt inclusions) surmise. In Chapter 5, I show that mantle peridotite exposed along the 16ºN region of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge originated in an arc setting and has been remixed into subridge mantle, indicating that the sub-ridge mantle is more heterogeneous and depleted than inferences made from mid-ocean ridge basalts suggest. Chapter 6 surveys the life cycle of oceanic core complexes through zircon geochronology and posits an updated framework for understanding the termination of oceanic core complexes, and more broadly oceanic detachment faults. Together, this contribution highlights the chemical heterogeneity of the mantle, and quantifies the full extent of volatiles hosted by mantle and crustal reservoirs.
    Description: The Stanley Watson Fellowship (WHOI) provided financial support during my first year of graduate school. The Academic Programs Office Ocean Venture Fund (WHOI) provided seed funding which initiated Chapters 3 and 4, and ultimately led to two funded NSF proposals. These resources are vital to JP students, and I am incredibly grateful for them. Primary support was provided by the National Science Foundation grants to Veronique Le Roux (EAR P&G #1524311, #1839128, #1855302) and Henry Dick (MG&G #1637130, #1657983).
    Keywords: Geochemistry of the crust and mantle ; Volatile elements ; Tectonics
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Thesis
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2020-10-16
    Description: High strain rates and intense seismic activity characterize both the boundaries and the interior of the Aegean–Anatolian plate: the availability of geodetic and geophysical data makes this region ideal to make detailed models of continental deformation. Although the deformation occurring in the Aegean–Anatolian plate may be regarded as the primary effect of the Arabian indenter push, it has already been demonstrated that this mechanism cannot account for the observed extrusion/rotation of the whole plate. We investigate the present-day steady-state anelastic deformation of the Aegean–Anatolian plate by a thin plate thermomechanical finite element (FE) model that accounts for realistic rheological mechanisms and lateral variations of lithospheric properties. Studying the region with uniform models, where average values for thermal and geometric parameters are chosen, we find that two tectonic features, in addition to the Arabian plate push, are critical to reproduce a velocity field that gives a reasonable fit to the observations. The first is the E–W constraint of NW continental Greece, related to the collision between the Aegean–Anatolian plate and the Apulia–Adriatic platform, required in the model to attain the SW orientation of the velocity field along the Hellenic Arc. The second is the trench suction force (TSF) due to subduction of the African lithosphere, which is needed to fit the observed mean extrusion velocity of 30 mm yr−1 along the Hellenic Arc. Uniform models are useful to study the sensitivity to the interplay of rheological/thermal parameters in a simplified framework but, in all cases, predict a strong deformation localized along the Hellenic Arc, whereas geodetic and seismological data show that the highest strain rates are located in western Anatolia. Furthermore, uniform models are non-unique in the sense that since we model a vertically averaged thin plate, different thermal and rheological parameters can be combined to yield the same lithospheric strength. We account for internal sources of deformation with heterogeneous models, where the available constraints on lateral variations of crustal thickness and surface heat flow have been included. The heterogeneous distribution of lithospheric strength contributes to ameliorate the fit to geodetic and stress data, since the predicted velocity field is characterized by an acceleration from E to W, with a sharp increase in the proximity of the western margin of the Anatolian peninsula, where the highest rates of intraplate deformation are observed. In our model this partitioning of the deformation is due to the different rheology of the Aegean Sea, which, being slightly deformable, transmits the TSF to the western margin of Anatolia. Our results are consistent with the interpretation of the Aegean–Anatolian system as a single, rheologically heterogeneous plate.
    Description: Published
    Description: 760-780
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Rheology ; Tectonics ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2023-06-17
    Description: Hans Peter Cornelius was a squeamishly and accurately mapping field geologist with an eye for the finest detail as well as for the large-scale architectural structure of mountain ranges. His excellent work concerned the Rhaetian and Allgäu Alps, South Tyrol, the Valais and Ticino in Switzerland and many regions in Austria. His publications on the Err-Julier Group, the Insubric Line, the Großglockner Group, the Rax-Schneeberg Group, the alpine Grauwackenzone, and the Penninic series of the Western and Eastern Alps became particularly important.
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; Alps ; Mapping ; Profiles ; Tectonics ; Regional geology
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2023-05-22
    Description: We discuss two competing models for explaining the ground deformation associated with normal faulting earthquake in the brittle elastic upper crust. The classic elastic rebound theory is usually applied for all tectonic settings. In normal fault earthquakes, this model would predict a horizontal stretching eventually responsible for the elastic rebound at the earthquake. However, volumes mostly subside vertically during an extensional earthquake and the collapsed ground in the hanging wall is about one order of magnitude larger than the uplifted volumes of the surrounding hanging wall and footwall. The elastic rebound model would explain this asymmetry with a high horizontal elastic compressibility of the hanging wall and footwall absorbing the coseismic push. We rather suggest that the force activating normal fault earthquakes is mostly dictated by the sliding of the hanging wall, owing gravitational potential. The much larger coseismic subsidence with respect to the uplift can be explained by the closure at depth of a diffuse network of microfractures developed during the interseismic period. Since the horizontal stretching does not exist below ~1 km of depth, with the minimum horizontal stress tensor becoming positive below that depth, the development of a normal fault can be activated only by the vertical maximum stress tensor, i.e., the lithostatic load. The common fluids expulsion at the coseismic stage requires diffuse secondary permeability in the upper crust, in agreement with the presence of a diffuse network of microfractures.
    Description: Published
    Description: SE213
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Normal fault earthquakes; Graviquakes; Lithostatic load; Coseismic deformation; Fluid expulsion ; 04.07. Tectonophysics; ; 04.06. Seismology ; Tectonics ; Structural geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2019-12-05
    Description: High-resolution seismic reflection, magnetic and gravity data, acquired offshore of Etna volcano, provide a new insight to understanding the relationship between tectonics and spatial-temporal evolution of volcanism. The Timpe Plateau, a structural high pertaining to the Hyblean foreland domain, located offshore of southeastern Mt. Etna, is speckled by volcanics and strongly affected by strike-slip tectonics. Transpressive deformation produced a push-up and a remarkable shortening along WNW-ESE to NW-SE trending lineaments. Fault segments, bounding basinal areas, show evidence of positive tectonic inversion, suggesting a former transtensive phase. Transtensive tectonics favoured the emplacement of deep magmatic intrusive bodies and Plio-Quaternary scattered volcanics through releasing zones. The continuing of wrench tectonics along different shear zones led to the migration of transtensive regions in the Etna area and the positive inversion of the former ones, where new magma ascent was hampered. This process caused the shifting of volcanism firstly along the main WNW-ESE trending "Southern Etna Shear Zone", then towards the Valle del Bove and finally up to the present-day stratovolcano.
    Description: Published
    Description: 12125
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: 1V. Storia eruttiva
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: 3A. Geofisica marina e osservazioni multiparametriche a fondo mare
    Description: 2TR. Ricostruzione e modellazione della struttura crostale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Geodynamics ; Geophysics ; 04.06. Seismology ; Tectonics ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2020-12-17
    Description: We perform the finite-extent fault inversion of the three main events of the 2016 Central Italy seismic sequence using near-source strong motion records. We demonstrate that both earthquake nucleation and rupture propagation were controlled by segmentation of the (N)NW-(S)SE trending Quaternary normal faults. The first shock of the sequence (24 August, Mw 6.0) ruptured at the relay zone between the Laga Mts (LF) and the Cordone del Vettore (CVF) normal faults. The second shock (26 October, Mw 5.9) nucleated at a minor relay zone within the Mt. Vettore-Mt. Bove fault (VBF), while the third and largest one (30 October, Mw 6.5) initiated at the relay zone between the VBF and CVF, triggering the multiple rupture of the VBF, CVF, and probably LF. We show that this latter relay zone corresponds to the deeper, high-angle, fault zone of the Sibillini Mts cross structure, a thrust-ramp inherited from the Miocene-Pliocene contractional phase of the Apennines. This structure acted as a barrier to rupture propagation of the first two events thus defining an area of large stress concentration until it acted as the initiator of the rupture originating the largest Mw 6.5 event that crossed the barrier itself. We suggest that the “young” CVF have started to cut through the barrier acting as a soft-linkage between the two long-lived LF and VBF. The evidence that coseismic cumulative slip shows a maximum at the CVF, provided by both slip inversion and original surface rupture data, suggests that the CVF is growing faster than the adjacent faults.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2370-2387
    Description: 4T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Slip inversion ; Fault Segmentation ; Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2021-04-25
    Description: Niphargus is a speciose amphipod genus found in groundwater habitats across Europe. Three Niphargus species living in the sulphidic Frasassi caves in Italy harbour sulphur-oxidizing Thiothrix bacterial ectosymbionts. These three species are distantly related, implying that the ability to form ectosymbioses with Thiothrix may be common among Niphargus. Therefore, Niphargus-Thiothrix associations may also be found in sulphidic aquifers other than Frasassi. In this study, we examined this possibility by analysing niphargids of the genera Niphargus and Pontoniphargus collected from the partly sulphidic aquifers of the Southern Dobrogea region of Romania, which are accessible through springs, wells and Movile Cave. Molecular and morphological analyses revealed seven niphargid species in this region. Five of these species occurred occasionally or exclusively in sulphidic locations, whereas the remaining two were restricted to nonsulphidic areas. Thiothrix were detected by PCR on all seven Dobrogean niphargid species and observed using microscopy to be predominantly attached to their hosts' appendages. 16S rRNA gene sequences of the Thiothrix epibionts fell into two main clades, one of which (herein named T4) occurred solely on niphargids collected in sulphidic locations. The other Thiothrix clade was present on niphargids from both sulphidic and nonsulphidic areas and indistinguishable from the T3 ectosymbiont clade previously identified on Frasassi-dwelling Niphargus. Although niphargids from Frasassi and Southern Dobrogea are not closely related, the patterns of their association with Thiothrix are remarkably alike. The finding of similar Niphargus-Thiothrix associations in aquifers located 1200 km apart suggests that they may be widespread in European groundwater ecosystems.
    Keywords: amphipods; ecology; sulphide; symbiosis; systematics; taxonomy ; 551 ; Amphipoda ; Animals ; DNA, Bacterial ; Ecosystem ; Groundwater ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; Romania ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sulfur ; Symbiosis ; Thiothrix
    Language: English , English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2018-03-01
    Description: Geodesy, Geodynamics and Tectonics of the Italian Peninsula
    Description: We present a dense crustal velocity field and corresponding strain-rate pattern computed using Global Positioning System (GPS)- Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data from several hundred permanent stations in the Italian Peninsula. GPS data analysis is based on the GAMIT/GLOBK 10.6 software, which was developed and maintained mainly by Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), using tools based on the distributed-sessions approach implemented in this package. The GPS data span the period from January 2008 to December 2012 and come from several different permanent GPS networks in Italy. The GLOBK package implemented in the last version of the GAMIT package is used to compute the position time-series and velocities registered in the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) 2008. The resulting high-density intra-plate velocity field provides indications of the tectonics of the Mediterranean region. A computation of the strain-rate pattern from GPS data is performed and compared with the map of the epicentral locations of historical earthquakes that occurred in the last 1000 years in the Italian territory, showing that, in general, higher crustal deformation rates are active in regions affected by seismicity of greater magnitude.
    Description: Published
    Description: 303-316
    Description: 7T. Struttura della Terra e geodinamica
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Keywords: GPS ; Strain Rate ; Distributed Sessions ; Tectonics ; 04.03. Geodesy ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 26
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd
    Publication Date: 2018-03-01
    Description: Geodynamics of the Calabrian Arc, Geodesy, Tectonics, Strain Rate.
    Description: The tectonics and geodynamics of the Calabria region are presented in this study. These are inferred by precise computation of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) permanent station velocities in a stable Eurasian reference framework. This allowed computation of the coordinates, variance and covariance matrixes, and horizontal and vertical velocities of the 36 permanent sites analyzed, together with the strain rates, and using different techniques. Interesting geodynamic phenomena are presented, including compressional, and deformational fields in the Tyrrhenian coastal sites of Calabria, extensional trends of the Ionian coastal sites, and sliding movement of the Crotone Basin. Conversely, on the northern Tyrrhenian side of the network near the Cilento Park area, the usual extensional tectonic perpendicular to the Apennine chain is observed. The largescale pattern of the GNSS height velocities is shown, which is characterized by general interesting geodynamic vertical effects that appear to be due to geophysical movement and anthropic activity. Finally, the strain-rate fields computed through three different techniques are compared.
    Description: Published
    Description: 76-86
    Description: 7T. Struttura della Terra e geodinamica
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Keywords: Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) ; Geodesy ; Geodynamics ; Calabrian Arc ; Strain Rate ; Tectonics ; Reference Frame ; Network Adjustment ; 04.03. Geodesy ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2017. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 18 (2017): 4156–4178, doi:10.1002/2017GC007099.
    Description: Synthesis of seismic velocity, potential field, and geological data from Canada Basin and its surrounding continental margins suggests that a northeast-trending structural fabric has influenced the origin, evolution, and current tectonics of the basin. This structural fabric has a crustal origin, based on the persistence of these trends in upward continuation of total magnetic intensity data and vertical derivative analysis of free-air gravity data. Three subparallel northeast-trending features are described. Northwind Escarpment, bounding the east side of the Chukchi Borderland, extends ∼600 km and separates continental crust of Northwind Ridge from high-velocity transitional crust in Canada Basin. A second, shorter northeast-trending zone extends ∼300 km in northern Canada Basin and separates inferred continental crust of Sever Spur from magmatically intruded crust of the High Arctic Large Igneous Province. A third northeast-trending feature, here called the Alaska-Prince Patrick magnetic lineament (APPL) is inferred from magnetic data and its larger regional geologic setting. Analysis of these three features suggests strike slip or transtensional deformation played a role in the opening of Canada Basin. These features can be explained by initial Jurassic-Early Cretaceous strike slip deformation (phase 1) followed in the Early Cretaceous (∼134 to ∼124 Ma) by rotation of Arctic Alaska with seafloor spreading orthogonal to the fossil spreading axis preserved in the central Canada Basin (phase 2). In this model, the Chukchi Borderland is part of Arctic Alaska.
    Description: Funding for this work was provided in part through the Geological Survey of Canada as part of Canada’s UNCLOS Project and through the U.S. Geological Survey as part of the U.S. Extended Continental Shelf project.
    Keywords: Canada Basin ; Tectonics ; Arctic Ocean ; Strike slip ; Seafloor spreading
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The Laccadive–Chagos Ridge and Southern Mascarene Plateau in the north-central and western Indian Ocean, respectively, are thought to be volcanic chains formed above the Réunion mantle plume1 over the past 65.5 million years2,3. Here we use U–Pb dating to analyse the ages of zircon xenocrysts found within young lavas on the island of Mauritius, part of the Southern Mascarene Plateau. We find that the zircons are either Palaeoproterozoic (more than 1,971 million years old) or Neoproterozoic (between 660 and 840 million years old). We propose that the zircons were assimilated from ancient fragments of continental lithosphere beneath Mauritius, and were brought to the surface by plume-related lavas. We use gravity data inversion to map crustal thickness and find that Mauritius forms part of a contiguous block of anomalously thick crust that extends in an arc northwards to the Seychelles. Using plate tectonic reconstructions, we show that Mauritius and the adjacent Mascarene Plateau may overlie a Precambrian microcontinent that we call Mauritia. On the basis of reinterpretation of marine geophysical data4, we propose that Mauritia was separated from Madagascar and fragmented into a ribbon-like configuration by a series of mid-ocean ridge jumps during the opening of the Mascarene ocean basin between 83.5 and 61 million years ago.We suggest that the plume-related magmatic deposits have since covered Mauritia and potentially other continental fragments.
    Description: PDF is Published online 23 Feb 2013 version
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Palaeomagnetism ; Petrology ; Tectonics ; Volcanology ; Zircon
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.223-227
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: The final identity and functional properties of a neuron are specified by terminal differentiation genes, which are controlled by specific motifs in compact regulatory regions. To determine how these sequences integrate inputs from transcription factors that specify cell types, we compared the regulatory mechanism of Drosophila Rhodopsin genes that are expressed in subsets of photoreceptors to that of phototransduction genes that are expressed broadly, in all photoreceptors. Both sets of genes share an 11-base pair (bp) activator motif. Broadly expressed genes contain a palindromic version that mediates expression in all photoreceptors. In contrast, each Rhodopsin exhibits characteristic single-bp substitutions that break the symmetry of the palindrome and generate activator or repressor motifs critical for restricting expression to photoreceptor subsets. Sensory neuron subtypes can therefore evolve through single-bp changes in short regulatory motifs, allowing the discrimination of a wide spectrum of stimuli.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rister, Jens -- Razzaq, Ansa -- Boodram, Pamela -- Desai, Nisha -- Tsanis, Cleopatra -- Chen, Hongtao -- Jukam, David -- Desplan, Claude -- K99EY023995/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY13010/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1258-61. doi: 10.1126/science.aab3417.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Developmental Genetics, Department of Biology, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003-6688, USA. ; Center for Developmental Genetics, Department of Biology, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003-6688, USA. cd38@nyu.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785491" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Pairing ; Drosophila Proteins/*genetics ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/growth & development ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Mutation ; Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate/*physiology ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/*genetics ; Rhodopsin/*genetics ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Vision, Ocular/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 30
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tang, Zhenwu -- Huang, Qifei -- Nie, Zhiqiang -- Yang, Yufei -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1176-7. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6265.1176-c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Environmental Research Academy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China. ; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China. huangqf@craes.org.cn. ; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785469" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Migration ; Animals ; *Birds
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: Migratory species depend on a suite of interconnected sites. Threats to unprotected links in these chains of sites are driving rapid population declines of migrants around the world, yet the extent to which different parts of the annual cycle are protected remains unknown. We show that just 9% of 1451 migratory birds are adequately covered by protected areas across all stages of their annual cycle, in comparison with 45% of nonmigratory birds. This discrepancy is driven by protected area placement that does not cover the full annual cycle of migratory species, indicating that global efforts toward coordinated conservation planning for migrants are yet to bear fruit. Better-targeted investment and enhanced coordination among countries are needed to conserve migratory species throughout their migratory cycle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Runge, Claire A -- Watson, James E M -- Butchart, Stuart H M -- Hanson, Jeffrey O -- Possingham, Hugh P -- Fuller, Richard A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1255-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aac9180.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia. National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS), University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, USA. claire.runge@uqconnect.edu.au. ; School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia. Global Conservation Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, New York, NY, USA. ; BirdLife International, Wellbrook Court, Cambridge CB3 0NA, UK. ; School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia. ; School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia. Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, England, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785490" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Migration ; Animals ; *Birds ; Breeding ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Population Dynamics ; Seasons
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Underwood, Emily -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1188-90. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6265.1188.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785475" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/blood/genetics/*physiology ; Animals ; Biological Clocks/genetics/*physiology ; Biomarkers/blood/metabolism ; DNA/genetics ; DNA Methylation ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Humans ; Mice ; Rats ; Telomere Homeostasis
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scheid, Johannes F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1175. doi: 10.1126/science.aad7133.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA. The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA. fscheid@partners.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785466" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics/immunology/isolation & purification ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/genetics/*immunology/isolation & purification ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Cell Separation/methods ; HIV Antibodies/genetics/*immunology/isolation & purification ; HIV Infections/*blood ; Humans ; Immunologic Memory ; Mice ; env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/*immunology
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hurtley, Stella -- Roberts, Leslie -- Ray, L Bryan -- Purnell, Beverly A -- Ash, Caroline -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1180-1. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6265.1180.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785472" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/*genetics ; Animals ; Health ; Humans ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Stem Cells/physiology ; Telomere/*genetics ; *Telomere Homeostasis
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ford, Adam T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1175. doi: 10.1126/science.aad7134.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Integrative Biology at the University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada. adamford@uoguelph.ca.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785465" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; Antelopes ; *Dogs ; Endangered Species ; *Food Chain ; *Grassland ; *Herbivory ; Humans ; Plants
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: Mitochondrial morphology is shaped by fusion and division of their membranes. Here, we found that adult myocardial function depends on balanced mitochondrial fusion and fission, maintained by processing of the dynamin-like guanosine triphosphatase OPA1 by the mitochondrial peptidases YME1L and OMA1. Cardiac-specific ablation of Yme1l in mice activated OMA1 and accelerated OPA1 proteolysis, which triggered mitochondrial fragmentation and altered cardiac metabolism. This caused dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Cardiac function and mitochondrial morphology were rescued by Oma1 deletion, which prevented OPA1 cleavage. Feeding mice a high-fat diet or ablating Yme1l in skeletal muscle restored cardiac metabolism and preserved heart function without suppressing mitochondrial fragmentation. Thus, unprocessed OPA1 is sufficient to maintain heart function, OMA1 is a critical regulator of cardiomyocyte survival, and mitochondrial morphology and cardiac metabolism are intimately linked.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wai, Timothy -- Garcia-Prieto, Jaime -- Baker, Michael J -- Merkwirth, Carsten -- Benit, Paule -- Rustin, Pierre -- Ruperez, Francisco Javier -- Barbas, Coral -- Ibanez, Borja -- Langer, Thomas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):aad0116. doi: 10.1126/science.aad0116.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany. Max-Planck-Institute for Biology of Aging, Cologne, Germany. ; Myocardial Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain. ; Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany. ; INSERM UMR 1141, Hopital Robert Debre, Paris, France. Universite Paris 7, Faculte de Medecine Denis Diderot, Paris, France. ; Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Campus Monteprincipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain. ; Myocardial Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain. Department of Cardiology, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria (IIS), Fundacion Jimenez Diaz Hospital, Madrid, Spain. thomas.langer@uni-koeln.de bibanez@cnic.es. ; Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany. Max-Planck-Institute for Biology of Aging, Cologne, Germany. Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. thomas.langer@uni-koeln.de bibanez@cnic.es.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785494" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Diet, High-Fat ; Embryonic Development ; Female ; GTP Phosphohydrolases ; Gene Deletion ; Heart/embryology ; Heart Failure/genetics/*metabolism/pathology ; Male ; Metalloendopeptidases/genetics ; Metalloproteases/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mitochondria, Heart/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; *Mitochondrial Degradation ; *Mitochondrial Dynamics ; Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Muscle, Skeletal/enzymology ; Myocardium/*metabolism/pathology ; Myocytes, Cardiac/enzymology/pathology ; Proteolysis
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: Mitochondria generate adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and are a source of potentially toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). It has been suggested that the gradual mitochondrial dysfunction that is observed to accompany aging could in fact be causal to the aging process. Here we review findings that suggest that age-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction is not sufficient to limit life span. Furthermore, mitochondrial ROS are not always deleterious and can even stimulate pro-longevity pathways. Thus, mitochondrial dysfunction plays a complex role in regulating longevity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Ying -- Hekimi, Siegfried -- MOP-114891/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- MOP-123295/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- MOP-97869/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1204-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aac4357.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1B1, Canada. ; Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1B1, Canada. siegfried.hekimi@mcgill.ca.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785479" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/*metabolism ; Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics ; Electron Transport/genetics ; Electron Transport Complex III/genetics ; Longevity/genetics/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mitochondria/genetics/*metabolism ; Point Mutation ; Reactive Oxygen Species/*metabolism
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cleary, Allison S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1174-5. doi: 10.1126/science.aad7103.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey PA 17078, USA. acleary@hmc.psu.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785463" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism/*pathology ; Clone Cells/metabolism/pathology ; Female ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics/metabolism/*pathology ; Mice ; Neoplasms, Basal Cell/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Wnt1 Protein/genetics/*metabolism ; ras Proteins/genetics/metabolism
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: Age is the greatest risk factor for nearly every major cause of mortality in developed nations. Despite this, most biomedical research focuses on individual disease processes without much consideration for the relationships between aging and disease. Recent discoveries in the field of geroscience, which aims to explain biological mechanisms of aging, have provided insights into molecular processes that underlie biological aging and, perhaps more importantly, potential interventions to delay aging and promote healthy longevity. Here we describe some of these advances, along with efforts to move geroscience from the bench to the clinic. We also propose that greater emphasis should be placed on research into basic aging processes, because interventions that slow aging will have a greater effect on quality of life compared with disease-specific approaches.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaeberlein, Matt -- Rabinovitch, Peter S -- Martin, George M -- P30AG013280/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1191-3. doi: 10.1126/science.aad3267.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. kaeber@uw.edu. ; Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. ; Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785476" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Animals ; Diet ; Exercise ; Geriatrics/*trends ; *Health ; Humans ; Mortality ; Preventive Medicine/*trends ; Risk Factors ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors ; Translational Medical Research/trends
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1186-7. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6265.1186.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785474" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics/physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Caloric Restriction ; Death ; Humans ; Hydra/genetics/physiology ; Longevity/genetics/*physiology ; Mice ; Mutation ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics/physiology
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: In developing hearts, changes in the cardiac metabolic milieu during the perinatal period redirect mitochondrial substrate preference from carbohydrates to fatty acids. Mechanisms responsible for this mitochondrial plasticity are unknown. Here, we found that PINK1-Mfn2-Parkin-mediated mitophagy directs this metabolic transformation in mouse hearts. A mitofusin (Mfn) 2 mutant lacking PINK1 phosphorylation sites necessary for Parkin binding (Mfn2 AA) inhibited mitochondrial Parkin translocation, suppressing mitophagy without impairing mitochondrial fusion. Cardiac Parkin deletion or expression of Mfn2 AA from birth, but not after weaning, prevented postnatal mitochondrial maturation essential to survival. Five-week-old Mfn2 AA hearts retained a fetal mitochondrial transcriptional signature without normal increases in fatty acid metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis genes. Myocardial fatty acylcarnitine levels and cardiomyocyte respiration induced by palmitoylcarnitine were concordantly depressed. Thus, instead of transcriptional reprogramming, fetal cardiomyocyte mitochondria undergo perinatal Parkin-mediated mitophagy and replacement by mature adult mitochondria. Mitophagic mitochondrial removal underlies developmental cardiomyocyte mitochondrial plasticity and metabolic transitioning of perinatal hearts.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4747105/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4747105/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gong, Guohua -- Song, Moshi -- Csordas, Gyorgy -- Kelly, Daniel P -- Matkovich, Scot J -- Dorn, Gerald W 2nd -- HL058493/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL108943/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL122124/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL128071/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL59888/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL058493/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL059888/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL108943/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL128071/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):aad2459. doi: 10.1126/science.aad2459. Epub 2015 Dec 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. ; Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. ; Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Cardiovascular Metabolism Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL, USA. ; Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. gdorn@dom.wustl.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785495" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cellular Reprogramming ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/genetics/metabolism ; Heart/*embryology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Mitochondria, Heart/metabolism/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Mitochondrial Degradation/genetics/*physiology ; Mitochondrial Dynamics ; Myocardium/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics/*metabolism
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: Research into stem cells and aging aims to understand how stem cells maintain tissue health, what mechanisms ultimately lead to decline in stem cell function with age, and how the regenerative capacity of somatic stem cells can be enhanced to promote healthy aging. Here, we explore the effects of aging on stem cells in different tissues. Recent research has focused on the ways that genetic mutations, epigenetic changes, and the extrinsic environmental milieu influence stem cell functionality over time. We describe each of these three factors, the ways in which they interact, and how these interactions decrease stem cell health over time. We are optimistic that a better understanding of these changes will uncover potential strategies to enhance stem cell function and increase tissue resiliency into old age.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goodell, Margaret A -- Rando, Thomas A -- P01 AG036695/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG047820/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR062185/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 AG023806/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1199-204. doi: 10.1126/science.aab3388.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. goodell@bcm.edu rando@stanford.edu. ; Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA, and Center for Regenerative Rehabilitation, Veterans Administration Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA. goodell@bcm.edu rando@stanford.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785478" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult Stem Cells/*physiology ; Aging/*physiology ; Animals ; Cell Aging ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Genetic Drift ; *Health ; Humans ; Mice ; Mutation ; Organ Specificity ; Selection, Genetic
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gottlieb, Roberta A -- Bernstein, Daniel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1162-3. doi: 10.1126/science.aad8222.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA. roberta.gottlieb@cshs.org. ; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785456" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Heart/*embryology ; Heart Failure/*metabolism ; Male ; Mitochondria, Heart/*metabolism/*physiology ; Mitochondrial Degradation/*physiology ; *Mitochondrial Dynamics ; Myocardium/*metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/*metabolism
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1144-7. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6265.1144.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785454" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Breeding ; Cattle ; Europe ; *Extinction, Biological
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grimm, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1182-5. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6265.1182.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785473" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Cats ; Dogs ; Humans ; *Longevity ; Pets/*physiology
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kintisch, Eli -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1148-51. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6265.1148. Epub 2015 Dec 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785455" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bison ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Herbivory ; *Parks, Recreational ; *Permafrost ; Siberia ; *Taiga
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  • 47
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kupferschmidt, Kai -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 8;352(6282):128-9. doi: 10.1126/science.352.6282.128. Epub 2016 Apr 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27124428" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aedes/virology ; Angola/epidemiology ; Animals ; Chick Embryo ; Disease Outbreaks/*prevention & control ; Humans ; Vaccination/statistics & numerical data ; World Health Organization ; Yellow Fever/*epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Yellow Fever Vaccine/*administration & dosage
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  • 48
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-03-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kupferschmidt, Kai -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 11;351(6278):1143. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6278.1143.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26965608" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acinetobacter/*growth & development ; Animals ; *Death ; Humans ; Mice ; Moraxellaceae/*growth & development ; Rhizobiaceae/*growth & development ; Time Factors
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  • 49
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kupferschmidt, Kai -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 22;352(6284):391-2. doi: 10.1126/science.352.6284.391. Epub 2016 Apr 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27102452" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Communicable Diseases/diagnosis/*epidemiology/etiology ; Echinococcosis/diagnosis/epidemiology ; Echinococcus/isolation & purification ; *Emigration and Immigration ; Europe ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Methicillin Resistance ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification ; *Refugees
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  • 50
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-03-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schwartz, Gary J -- DK 020541/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK 026687/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK 105441/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 18;351(6279):1268-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf5216. Epub 2016 Mar 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Medicine & Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA. gary.schwartz@einstein.yu.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26989239" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Energy Metabolism/*physiology ; Feeding Behavior/*physiology ; Hyperphagia/*genetics ; Male ; N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases/*physiology ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/*physiology
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: In most animal species, juvenile growth is marked by an exponential gain in body weight and size. Here we show that the microbiota of infant mice sustains both weight gain and longitudinal growth when mice are fed a standard laboratory mouse diet or a nutritionally depleted diet. We found that the intestinal microbiota interacts with the somatotropic hormone axis to drive systemic growth. Using monocolonized mouse models, we showed that selected lactobacilli promoted juvenile growth in a strain-dependent manner that recapitulated the microbiota's effect on growth and the somatotropic axis. These findings show that the host's microbiota supports juvenile growth. Moreover, we discovered that lactobacilli strains buffered the adverse effects of chronic undernutrition on the postnatal growth of germ-free mice.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schwarzer, Martin -- Makki, Kassem -- Storelli, Gilles -- Machuca-Gayet, Irma -- Srutkova, Dagmar -- Hermanova, Petra -- Martino, Maria Elena -- Balmand, Severine -- Hudcovic, Tomas -- Heddi, Abdelaziz -- Rieusset, Jennifer -- Kozakova, Hana -- Vidal, Hubert -- Leulier, Francois -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 19;351(6275):854-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aad8588.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut de Genomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Universite de Lyon, Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Unite Mixte de Recherche 5242, 46 Allee d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France. Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Novy Hradek, Czech Republic. ; Institut de Genomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Universite de Lyon, Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Unite Mixte de Recherche 5242, 46 Allee d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France. Laboratoire CarMeN, Universite Lyon 1, Unite Mixte de Recherche INSERM U-1060 et INRA U-1397, Faculte de Medecine Lyon-Sud, Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69600 Oullins, France. ; Institut de Genomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Universite de Lyon, Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Unite Mixte de Recherche 5242, 46 Allee d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France. ; Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Novy Hradek, Czech Republic. ; UMR203 BF2I, Biologie Fonctionnelle Insectes et Interactions, Universite de Lyon, INRA, INSA-Lyon, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France. ; Laboratoire CarMeN, Universite Lyon 1, Unite Mixte de Recherche INSERM U-1060 et INRA U-1397, Faculte de Medecine Lyon-Sud, Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69600 Oullins, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912894" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Weight/*physiology ; Diet ; Femur/growth & development ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/*physiology ; Lactobacillus plantarum/*physiology ; Malnutrition/*microbiology/*physiopathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Weight Gain/*physiology
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2016-01-23
    Description: Mono-ubiquitination of Fancd2 is essential for repairing DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs), but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. The Fan1 nuclease, also required for ICL repair, is recruited to ICLs by ubiquitinated (Ub) Fancd2. This could in principle explain how Ub-Fancd2 promotes ICL repair, but we show that recruitment of Fan1 by Ub-Fancd2 is dispensable for ICL repair. Instead, Fan1 recruitment--and activity--restrains DNA replication fork progression and prevents chromosome abnormalities from occurring when DNA replication forks stall, even in the absence of ICLs. Accordingly, Fan1 nuclease-defective knockin mice are cancer-prone. Moreover, we show that a Fan1 variant in high-risk pancreatic cancers abolishes recruitment by Ub-Fancd2 and causes genetic instability without affecting ICL repair. Therefore, Fan1 recruitment enables processing of stalled forks that is essential for genome stability and health.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4770513/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4770513/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lachaud, Christophe -- Moreno, Alberto -- Marchesi, Francesco -- Toth, Rachel -- Blow, J Julian -- Rouse, John -- WT096598MA/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 19;351(6275):846-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aad5634. Epub 2016 Jan 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, Sir James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK. ; Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, Sir James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK. ; School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK. ; Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, Sir James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK. j.rouse@dundee.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26797144" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Chromosome Aberrations ; DNA Repair ; *DNA Replication ; Endodeoxyribonucleases/genetics/*metabolism ; Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group D2 Protein/genetics/*metabolism ; Female ; Gene Knock-In Techniques ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genomic Instability/*genetics ; Liver Neoplasms/genetics/pathology ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics/pathology ; Lymphoma/genetics/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/*genetics ; *Ubiquitination
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2016-03-19
    Description: Maintaining energy homeostasis is crucial for the survival and health of organisms. The brain regulates feeding by responding to dietary factors and metabolic signals from peripheral organs. It is unclear how the brain interprets these signals. O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) catalyzes the posttranslational modification of proteins by O-GlcNAc and is regulated by nutrient access. Here, we show that acute deletion of OGT from alphaCaMKII-positive neurons in adult mice caused obesity from overeating. The hyperphagia derived from the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus, where loss of OGT was associated with impaired satiety. These results identify O-GlcNAcylation in alphaCaMKII neurons of the PVN as an important molecular mechanism that regulates feeding behavior.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4817221/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4817221/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lagerlof, Olof -- Slocomb, Julia E -- Hong, Ingie -- Aponte, Yeka -- Blackshaw, Seth -- Hart, Gerald W -- Huganir, Richard L -- N01-HV-00240/HV/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL107153/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01HL107153/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK061671/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS036715/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01DK6167/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01NS036715/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 18;351(6279):1293-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aad5494.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. ; National Institute on Drug Abuse + National Institutes of Health/Johns Hopkins University Graduate Partnership Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. ; Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. ; Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Intramural Research Program, Neuronal Circuits and Behavior Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. ; Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. ; Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. rhuganir@jhmi.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26989246" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylglucosamine/metabolism ; Animals ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2/metabolism ; Energy Metabolism/genetics/*physiology ; Feeding Behavior/*physiology ; Gene Deletion ; Homeostasis/genetics ; Hyperphagia/*genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases/genetics/*physiology ; Neurons/enzymology ; Obesity/genetics ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/cytology/enzymology/*physiology ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Satiety Response/physiology
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2016-04-02
    Description: When animals encounter conflict they initiate and escalate aggression to establish and maintain a social hierarchy. The neural mechanisms by which animals resolve fighting behaviors to determine such social hierarchies remain unknown. We identified two subregions of the dorsal habenula (dHb) in zebrafish that antagonistically regulate the outcome of conflict. The losing experience reduced neural transmission in the lateral subregion of dHb (dHbL)-dorsal/intermediate interpeduncular nucleus (d/iIPN) circuit. Silencing of the dHbL or medial subregion of dHb (dHbM) caused a stronger predisposition to lose or win a fight, respectively. These results demonstrate that the dHbL and dHbM comprise a dual control system for conflict resolution of social aggression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chou, Ming-Yi -- Amo, Ryunosuke -- Kinoshita, Masae -- Cherng, Bor-Wei -- Shimazaki, Hideaki -- Agetsuma, Masakazu -- Shiraki, Toshiyuki -- Aoki, Tazu -- Takahoko, Mikako -- Yamazaki, Masako -- Higashijima, Shin-ichi -- Okamoto, Hitoshi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 1;352(6281):87-90. doi: 10.1126/science.aac9508.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for Developmental Gene Regulation, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan. ; Laboratory for Developmental Gene Regulation, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan. Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan. ; Laboratory for Neural Computation and Adaptation, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan. ; National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan. ; Laboratory for Developmental Gene Regulation, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan. Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan. Laboratory for Molecular Brain Science, Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8430, Japan. hitoshi@brain.riken.jp.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27034372" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aggression/*physiology ; Animals ; *Conflict (Psychology) ; Habenula/*physiology ; Hierarchy, Social ; Interpeduncular Nucleus/physiology ; *Negotiating ; Synaptic Transmission ; Zebrafish
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  • 55
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Larson, Christina -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 22;351(6271):323-4. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6271.323.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26797990" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Shells ; Animals ; Art ; *Bivalvia ; China ; *Endangered Species
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  • 56
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, Robert F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 22;351(6271):326-7. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6271.326.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26797993" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Migration ; Animals ; Birds ; *Carps ; Cattle ; *Environmental Restoration and Remediation ; Herbivory ; *Introduced Species ; Oregon ; Violence
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  • 57
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Landolt, Hans-Peter -- Holst, Sebastian C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 29;352(6285):517-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf8178.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Zurich Center for Interdisciplinary Sleep Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. landolt@pharma.uzh.ch. ; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Zurich Center for Interdisciplinary Sleep Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27126024" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cations/*metabolism ; Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ; Male ; Potassium/*metabolism ; Sleep/*physiology ; Wakefulness/*physiology
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2016-04-23
    Description: Ecological character displacement is a process of morphological divergence that reduces competition for limited resources. We used genomic analysis to investigate the genetic basis of a documented character displacement event in Darwin's finches on Daphne Major in the Galapagos Islands: The medium ground finch diverged from its competitor, the large ground finch, during a severe drought. We discovered a genomic region containing the HMGA2 gene that varies systematically among Darwin's finch species with different beak sizes. Two haplotypes that diverged early in the radiation were involved in the character displacement event: Genotypes associated with large beak size were at a strong selective disadvantage in medium ground finches (selection coefficient s = 0.59). Thus, a major locus has apparently facilitated a rapid ecological diversification in the adaptive radiation of Darwin's finches.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lamichhaney, Sangeet -- Han, Fan -- Berglund, Jonas -- Wang, Chao -- Almen, Markus Sallman -- Webster, Matthew T -- Grant, B Rosemary -- Grant, Peter R -- Andersson, Leif -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 22;352(6284):470-4. doi: 10.1126/science.aad8786.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA. ; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden. Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA. leif.andersson@imbim.uu.se.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27102486" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Beak/*anatomy & histology ; Body Size/genetics ; *Droughts ; Ecuador ; Female ; Finches/*anatomy & histology/classification/*genetics ; Genomics ; Genotype ; HMGA2 Protein/genetics ; Haplotypes ; Organ Size/genetics ; Phylogeny ; *Quantitative Trait Loci ; *Selection, Genetic
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2016-03-26
    Description: Shadlen et al's Comment focuses on extrapolations of our results that were not implied or asserted in our Report. They discuss alternate analyses of average firing rates in other tasks, the relationship between neural activity and behavior, and possible extensions of the standard models we examined. Although interesting to contemplate, these points are not germane to the findings of our Report: that stepping dynamics provided a better statistical description of lateral intraparietal area spike trains than diffusion-to-bound dynamics for a majority of neurons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Latimer, Kenneth W -- Yates, Jacob L -- Meister, Miriam L R -- Huk, Alexander C -- Pillow, Jonathan W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 25;351(6280):1406. doi: 10.1126/science.aad3596.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Perceptual Systems, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA. Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA. Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. ; Center for Perceptual Systems, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA. Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA. ; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. ; Center for Perceptual Systems, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA. Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA. Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA. Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA. ; Center for Perceptual Systems, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA. Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA. Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA. Princeton Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. pillow@princeton.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27013724" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Choice Behavior/*physiology ; Decision Making/*physiology ; Male ; Parietal Lobe/*physiology
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2016-03-26
    Description: Latimeret al (Reports, 10 July 2015, p. 184) claim that during perceptual decision formation, parietal neurons undergo one-time, discrete steps in firing rate instead of gradual changes that represent the accumulation of evidence. However, that conclusion rests on unsubstantiated assumptions about the time window of evidence accumulation, and their stepping model cannot explain existing data as effectively as evidence-accumulation models.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shadlen, Michael N -- Kiani, Roozbeh -- Newsome, William T -- Gold, Joshua I -- Wolpert, Daniel M -- Zylberberg, Ariel -- Ditterich, Jochen -- de Lafuente, Victor -- Yang, Tianming -- Roitman, Jamie -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 25;351(6280):1406. doi: 10.1126/science.aad3242.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) and Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. shadlen@columbia.edu. ; Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA. ; HHMI and Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. ; Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. ; Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. ; HHMI and Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. ; Center for Neuroscience and Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA, USA. ; Institute for Neuroscience, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Queretaro, Mexico. ; Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. ; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27013723" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Choice Behavior/*physiology ; Decision Making/*physiology ; Male ; Parietal Lobe/*physiology
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  • 61
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Servick, Kelly -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 1;351(6268):15. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6268.15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26721984" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; California ; Cell Differentiation ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drug Industry ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology/*transplantation ; Financing, Organized ; Humans ; Photoreceptor Cells/physiology ; Rats ; Regenerative Medicine/*economics/*trends ; Retina/cytology/physiology ; Stem Cell Research/*economics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 62
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 8;351(6269):111-2. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6269.111.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26744387" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Drinking Water ; *Droughts ; Humans ; Indian Ocean ; Iraq ; Mesopotamia ; Salinity ; Warfare ; Water Resources/*supply & distribution ; *Wetlands
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 63
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 1;351(6268):16-9. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6268.16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26721985" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomedical Research/*economics ; Communicable Disease Control/*economics ; Financial Management ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; United States ; Vaccines/*economics
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2016-02-27
    Description: Oocytes differentiate in diverse species by receiving organelles and cytoplasm from sister germ cells while joined in germline cysts or syncytia. Mouse primordial germ cells form germline cysts, but the role of cysts in oogenesis is unknown. We find that mouse germ cells receive organelles from neighboring cyst cells and build a Balbiani body to become oocytes, whereas nurselike germ cells die. Organelle movement, Balbiani body formation, and oocyte fate determination are selectively blocked by low levels of microtubule-dependent transport inhibitors. Membrane breakdown within the cyst and an apoptosis-like process are associated with organelle transfer into the oocyte, events reminiscent of nurse cell dumping in Drosophila We propose that cytoplasmic and organelle transport plays an evolutionarily conserved and functionally important role in mammalian oocyte differentiation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lei, Lei -- Spradling, Allan C -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 1;352(6281):95-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aad2156. Epub 2016 Feb 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute Research Laboratories, Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 3520 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA. spradling@ciwemb.edu leile@med.umich.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26917595" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis ; Biological Evolution ; Cytoplasm/physiology/ultrastructure ; Female ; Giant Cells/*cytology ; Mice ; Microtubules/drug effects/physiology ; Oocytes/*cytology ; *Oogenesis ; Organelles/*physiology
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2016-01-30
    Description: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the gene that encodes the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) anion channel. In humans and pigs, the loss of CFTR impairs respiratory host defenses, causing airway infection. But CF mice are spared. We found that in all three species, CFTR secreted bicarbonate into airway surface liquid. In humans and pigs lacking CFTR, unchecked H(+) secretion by the nongastric H(+)/K(+) adenosine triphosphatase (ATP12A) acidified airway surface liquid, which impaired airway host defenses. In contrast, mouse airways expressed little ATP12A and secreted minimal H(+); consequently, airway surface liquid in CF and non-CF mice had similar pH. Inhibiting ATP12A reversed host defense abnormalities in human and pig airways. Conversely, expressing ATP12A in CF mouse airways acidified airway surface liquid, impaired defenses, and increased airway bacteria. These findings help explain why CF mice are protected from infection and nominate ATP12A as a potential therapeutic target for CF.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shah, Viral S -- Meyerholz, David K -- Tang, Xiao Xiao -- Reznikov, Leah -- Abou Alaiwa, Mahmoud -- Ernst, Sarah E -- Karp, Philip H -- Wohlford-Lenane, Christine L -- Heilmann, Kristopher P -- Leidinger, Mariah R -- Allen, Patrick D -- Zabner, Joseph -- McCray, Paul B Jr -- Ostedgaard, Lynda S -- Stoltz, David A -- Randak, Christoph O -- Welsh, Michael J -- 5T32GM007337/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- DK054759/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- F30 HL123239/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- F30HL123239/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL091842/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL117744/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL51670/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K08HL097071/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 29;351(6272):503-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aad5589.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. ; Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. ; Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. ; Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. ; Department of Pediatrics University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. ; Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. ; Department of Pediatrics University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. ; Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. ; Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26823428" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acids/metabolism ; Animals ; Bicarbonates/metabolism ; Cystic Fibrosis/*metabolism/*microbiology ; H(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPase/genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Lung/*metabolism/*microbiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred CFTR/genetics/metabolism ; Mice, Transgenic ; Swine
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2016-01-02
    Description: Several recent studies link parental environments to phenotypes in subsequent generations. In this work, we investigate the mechanism by which paternal diet affects offspring metabolism. Protein restriction in mice affects small RNA (sRNA) levels in mature sperm, with decreased let-7 levels and increased amounts of 5' fragments of glycine transfer RNAs (tRNAs). In testicular sperm, tRNA fragments are scarce but increase in abundance as sperm mature in the epididymis. Epididymosomes (vesicles that fuse with sperm during epididymal transit) carry RNA payloads matching those of mature sperm and can deliver RNAs to immature sperm in vitro. Functionally, tRNA-glycine-GCC fragments repress genes associated with the endogenous retroelement MERVL, in both embryonic stem cells and embryos. Our results shed light on sRNA biogenesis and its dietary regulation during posttesticular sperm maturation, and they also link tRNA fragments to regulation of endogenous retroelements active in the preimplantation embryo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sharma, Upasna -- Conine, Colin C -- Shea, Jeremy M -- Boskovic, Ana -- Derr, Alan G -- Bing, Xin Y -- Belleannee, Clemence -- Kucukural, Alper -- Serra, Ryan W -- Sun, Fengyun -- Song, Lina -- Carone, Benjamin R -- Ricci, Emiliano P -- Li, Xin Z -- Fauquier, Lucas -- Moore, Melissa J -- Sullivan, Robert -- Mello, Craig C -- Garber, Manuel -- Rando, Oliver J -- DP1ES025458/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHS/ -- R01HD080224/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- UL1 TR000161/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- UL1 TR001453/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 22;351(6271):391-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aad6780. Epub 2015 Dec 31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. ; Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. ; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, Universite Laval, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada. ; RNAi Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. RNAi Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. RNAi Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. ; Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. RNAi Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. oliver.rando@umassmed.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26721685" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blastocyst/metabolism ; Diet, Protein-Restricted ; Epididymis/metabolism ; *Fertilization ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Male ; Mice ; MicroRNAs/metabolism ; RNA, Transfer, Gly/*metabolism/*physiology ; Retroelements/genetics ; *Sperm Maturation ; Spermatozoa/*metabolism ; Testis/metabolism
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  • 67
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leslie, Mitch -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 1;351(6268):13. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6268.13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26721982" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; DNA/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; *Epigenesis, Genetic ; Male ; Metabolism/*genetics ; Mice ; RNA, Transfer/genetics/*metabolism ; *Spermatozoa
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2016-04-30
    Description: Sleep has been described in animals ranging from worms to humans. Yet the electrophysiological characteristics of brain sleep, such as slow-wave (SW) and rapid eye movement (REM) activities, are thought to be restricted to mammals and birds. Recording from the brain of a lizard, the Australian dragon Pogona vitticeps, we identified SW and REM sleep patterns, thus pushing back the probable evolution of these dynamics at least to the emergence of amniotes. The SW and REM sleep patterns that we observed in lizards oscillated continuously for 6 to 10 hours with a period of ~80 seconds. The networks controlling SW-REM antagonism in amniotes may thus originate from a common, ancient oscillator circuit. Lizard SW dynamics closely resemble those observed in rodent hippocampal CA1, yet they originate from a brain area, the dorsal ventricular ridge, that has no obvious hodological similarity with the mammalian hippocampus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shein-Idelson, Mark -- Ondracek, Janie M -- Liaw, Hua-Peng -- Reiter, Sam -- Laurent, Gilles -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 29;352(6285):590-5. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf3621.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27126045" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Brain/*physiology ; CA1 Region, Hippocampal/physiology ; Lizards/*physiology ; Sleep, REM/*physiology
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2016-03-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Collins, Francis S -- Anderson, James M -- Austin, Christopher P -- Battey, James F -- Birnbaum, Linda S -- Briggs, Josephine P -- Clayton, Janine A -- Cuthbert, Bruce -- Eisinger, Robert W -- Fauci, Anthony S -- Gallin, John I -- Gibbons, Gary H -- Glass, Roger I -- Gottesman, Michael M -- Gray, Patricia A -- Green, Eric D -- Greider, Franziska B -- Hodes, Richard -- Hudson, Kathy L -- Humphreys, Betsy -- Katz, Stephen I -- Koob, George F -- Koroshetz, Walter J -- Lauer, Michael S -- Lorsch, Jon R -- Lowy, Douglas R -- McGowan, John J -- Murray, David M -- Nakamura, Richard -- Norris, Andrea -- Perez-Stable, Eliseo J -- Pettigrew, Roderic I -- Riley, William T -- Rodgers, Griffin P -- Sieving, Paul A -- Somerman, Martha J -- Spong, Catherine Y -- Tabak, Lawrence A -- Volkow, Nora D -- Wilder, Elizabeth L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 25;351(6280):1405. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6280.1405-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. collinsf@mail.nih.gov. ; Division of Program Coordination, Planning, and Strategic Initiatives, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Center for Advancing Translational Science, NIH, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. ; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. ; National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Office of Research on Women's Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Office of AIDS Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Fogarty International Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Office of Intramural Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Institute of Nursing Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Office of Research Infrastructure Programs, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Library of Medicine, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Office of Extramural Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Office of Management, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Office of Disease Prevention, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Center for Scientific Review, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Center for Information Technology, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Office of Strategic Coordination, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27013720" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomedical Research/*economics ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: Mota and Herculano-Houzel (Reports, 3 July 2015, p. 74) assign power functions to neuroanatomical data and present a model to account for evolutionary patterns of cortical folding in the mammalian brain. We detail how the model assumptions are in conflict with experimental and observational work and show that the model itself does not accurately fit the data.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewitus, Eric -- Kelava, Iva -- Kalinka, Alex T -- Tomancak, Pavel -- Huttner, Wieland B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 19;351(6275):825. doi: 10.1126/science.aad2029.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut de Biologie, Ecole Normale Superieure, Paris, France. lewitus@biologie.ens.fr huttner@mpi-cbg.de. ; MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK. ; Institute of Population Genetics, Vetmeduni, Vienna, Austria. ; Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany. ; Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany. lewitus@biologie.ens.fr huttner@mpi-cbg.de.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912886" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cerebral Cortex ; Humans ; Lissencephaly/*pathology ; Neurons/*cytology
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: Voltage-gated CaV1.2 channels (L-type calcium channel alpha1C subunits) are critical mediators of transcription-dependent neural plasticity. Whether these channels signal via the influx of calcium ion (Ca(2+)), voltage-dependent conformational change (VDeltaC), or a combination of the two has thus far been equivocal. We fused CaV1.2 to a ligand-gated Ca(2+)-permeable channel, enabling independent control of localized Ca(2+) and VDeltaC signals. This revealed an unexpected dual requirement: Ca(2+) must first mobilize actin-bound Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, freeing it for subsequent VDeltaC-mediated accumulation. Neither signal alone sufficed to activate transcription. Signal order was crucial: Efficiency peaked when Ca(2+) preceded VDeltaC by 10 to 20 seconds. CaV1.2 VDeltaC synergistically augmented signaling by N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors. Furthermore, VDeltaC mistuning correlated with autistic symptoms in Timothy syndrome. Thus, nonionic VDeltaC signaling is vital to the function of CaV1.2 in synaptic and neuropsychiatric processes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Boxing -- Tadross, Michael R -- Tsien, Richard W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 19;351(6275):863-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aad3647.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuroscience and Physiology and New York University Neuroscience Institute, New York, NY 10016, USA. ; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Beckman Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA. tadrossm@janelia.hhmi.org. ; Department of Neuroscience and Physiology and New York University Neuroscience Institute, New York, NY 10016, USA. Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Beckman Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912895" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autistic Disorder/genetics/metabolism ; Calcium Channel Blockers/pharmacology ; Calcium Channels, L-Type/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Calcium Signaling ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; HEK293 Cells ; Hippocampus/cytology ; Humans ; Long QT Syndrome/genetics/metabolism ; Neuronal Plasticity/*genetics ; Neurons/drug effects/*metabolism ; Nimodipine/pharmacology ; Protein Conformation/drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism ; Synapses/metabolism ; Syndactyly/genetics/metabolism
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  • 72
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shoubridge, Eric A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 1;352(6281):31-2. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf5248. Epub 2016 Mar 31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. eric@ericpc.mni.mcgill.ca.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27034357" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Humans ; Leigh Disease/*genetics/*therapy ; Mitochondria/*metabolism ; Oxygen/*metabolism ; Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein/*genetics
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2016-04-30
    Description: Sahl et al in their Comment raise criticisms of our work that fall into three classes: image artifacts, resolution criteria, and comparative performance on live cells. We explore each of these in turn.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Dong -- Betzig, Eric -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 29;352(6285):527. doi: 10.1126/science.aad8396. Epub 2016 Apr 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Laboratory of Biological Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China. Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147. lidong@ibp.ac.cn betzige@janelia.hhmi.org. ; Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147. lidong@ibp.ac.cn betzige@janelia.hhmi.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27126031" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cytoskeleton/*ultrastructure ; *Endocytosis ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional/*methods ; Microscopy, Fluorescence/*methods ; Organelles/*ultrastructure
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2016-02-27
    Description: Rasmussen and Svensson correctly point out that there is currently no satisfactory method to fully align the Greenland and Cariaco Basin records of climate change. However, our approach using interstadial onsets as tie-points allows direct comparison between radiocarbon dates and Greenland climate records. Crucially, both the standard Greenland and the merged Greenland-Cariaco time scales show that interstadial warming was associated with megafaunal genetic transitions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cooper, Alan -- Turney, Chris -- Hughen, Konrad -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 26;351(6276):927. doi: 10.1126/science.aad8016.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Adelaide, Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, and Environment Institute, Adelaide, Australia. alan.cooper@adelaide.edu.au. ; Climate Change Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. ; Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26917762" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Extinction, Biological ; Global Warming/*history ; Humans
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2016-03-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Junsheng -- Wang, Wei -- Axmacher, Jan Christoph -- Zhang, Yuanyuan -- Zhu, Yanpeng -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 11;351(6278):1160. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6278.1160-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biodiversity Research Center, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, China. lijsh@craes.org.cn wang.wei@craes.org.cn. ; UCL Department of Geography, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK. ; Biodiversity Research Center, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26965616" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; China ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Plants/*classification ; Vertebrates/*classification
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  • 76
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leslie, Mitch -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 1;352(6281):21-3. doi: 10.1126/science.352.6281.21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27034353" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology ; Infection/*immunology ; Inflammation/*immunology ; Lymph Nodes/cytology/*immunology ; Mice ; Pancreas/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2016-01-02
    Description: Eusocial insects organize themselves into behavioral castes whose regulation has been proposed to involve epigenetic processes, including histone modification. In the carpenter ant Camponotus floridanus, morphologically distinct worker castes called minors and majors exhibit pronounced differences in foraging and scouting behaviors. We found that these behaviors are regulated by histone acetylation likely catalyzed by the conserved acetyltransferase CBP. Transcriptome and chromatin analysis in brains of scouting minors fed pharmacological inhibitors of CBP and histone deacetylases (HDACs) revealed hundreds of genes linked to hyperacetylated regions targeted by CBP. Majors rarely forage, but injection of a HDAC inhibitor or small interfering RNAs against the HDAC Rpd3 into young major brains induced and sustained foraging in a CBP-dependent manner. Our results suggest that behavioral plasticity in animals may be regulated in an epigenetic manner via histone modification.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Simola, Daniel F -- Graham, Riley J -- Brady, Cristina M -- Enzmann, Brittany L -- Desplan, Claude -- Ray, Anandasankar -- Zwiebel, Laurence J -- Bonasio, Roberto -- Reinberg, Danny -- Liebig, Jurgen -- Berger, Shelley L -- 2009005/Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- DP2MH107055/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHS/ -- T32HD083185/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 1;351(6268):aac6633. doi: 10.1126/science.aac6633.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Program in Epigenetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. simola@upenn.edu danny.reinberg@nyumc.org juergen.liebig@asu.edu bergers@upenn.edu. ; Program in Epigenetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. ; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Program in Epigenetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. ; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. ; Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA. ; Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. ; Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. ; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biochemistry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. simola@upenn.edu danny.reinberg@nyumc.org juergen.liebig@asu.edu bergers@upenn.edu. ; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. simola@upenn.edu danny.reinberg@nyumc.org juergen.liebig@asu.edu bergers@upenn.edu. ; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Program in Epigenetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. simola@upenn.edu danny.reinberg@nyumc.org juergen.liebig@asu.edu bergers@upenn.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26722000" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Animals ; Ants/drug effects/*genetics/*physiology ; *Behavior, Animal ; Chromatin/metabolism ; *Epigenesis, Genetic ; Histone Deacetylase 2/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*physiology ; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; *Social Behavior ; Social Class ; Transcriptome
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: Many modern human genomes retain DNA inherited from interbreeding with archaic hominins, such as Neandertals, yet the influence of this admixture on human traits is largely unknown. We analyzed the contribution of common Neandertal variants to over 1000 electronic health record (EHR)-derived phenotypes in ~28,000 adults of European ancestry. We discovered and replicated associations of Neandertal alleles with neurological, psychiatric, immunological, and dermatological phenotypes. Neandertal alleles together explained a significant fraction of the variation in risk for depression and skin lesions resulting from sun exposure (actinic keratosis), and individual Neandertal alleles were significantly associated with specific human phenotypes, including hypercoagulation and tobacco use. Our results establish that archaic admixture influences disease risk in modern humans, provide hypotheses about the effects of hundreds of Neandertal haplotypes, and demonstrate the utility of EHR data in evolutionary analyses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Simonti, Corinne N -- Vernot, Benjamin -- Bastarache, Lisa -- Bottinger, Erwin -- Carrell, David S -- Chisholm, Rex L -- Crosslin, David R -- Hebbring, Scott J -- Jarvik, Gail P -- Kullo, Iftikhar J -- Li, Rongling -- Pathak, Jyotishman -- Ritchie, Marylyn D -- Roden, Dan M -- Verma, Shefali S -- Tromp, Gerard -- Prato, Jeffrey D -- Bush, William S -- Akey, Joshua M -- Denny, Joshua C -- Capra, John A -- 1K22LM011938/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- 1R01GM114128/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- 5T32EY021453/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01GM110068/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01LM010685/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- U01HG004438/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG004608/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG004609/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG004610/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG006378/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG006379/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG006380/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG006382/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG006385/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG006388/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG006389/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG008657/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG04599/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG04603/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 12;351(6274):737-41. doi: 10.1126/science.aad2149.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. ; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. ; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. ; Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. ; Department of Medicine (Medical Genetics), University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA. ; Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. ; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. Department of Medicine (Medical Genetics), University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA. ; Center for Human Genetics, Marshfield Clinic, Marshfield, WI, USA. ; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. ; Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. ; Division of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA. Biomedical and Translational Informatics, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA. ; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA. ; Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA. Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa. ; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA. ; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. ; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912863" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Depression/genetics ; Disease/*genetics ; European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genetic Variation ; Genome, Human ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Keratosis, Actinic/genetics ; Neanderthals/*genetics ; Phenotype
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2016-02-27
    Description: Ebola virus disease in humans is highly lethal, with case fatality rates ranging from 25 to 90%. There is no licensed treatment or vaccine against the virus, underscoring the need for efficacious countermeasures. We ascertained that a human survivor of the 1995 Kikwit Ebola virus disease outbreak maintained circulating antibodies against the Ebola virus surface glycoprotein for more than a decade after infection. From this survivor we isolated monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that neutralize recent and previous outbreak variants of Ebola virus and mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro. Strikingly, monotherapy with mAb114 protected macaques when given as late as 5 days after challenge. Treatment with a single human mAb suggests that a simplified therapeutic strategy for human Ebola infection may be possible.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Corti, Davide -- Misasi, John -- Mulangu, Sabue -- Stanley, Daphne A -- Kanekiyo, Masaru -- Wollen, Suzanne -- Ploquin, Aurelie -- Doria-Rose, Nicole A -- Staupe, Ryan P -- Bailey, Michael -- Shi, Wei -- Choe, Misook -- Marcus, Hadar -- Thompson, Emily A -- Cagigi, Alberto -- Silacci, Chiara -- Fernandez-Rodriguez, Blanca -- Perez, Laurent -- Sallusto, Federica -- Vanzetta, Fabrizia -- Agatic, Gloria -- Cameroni, Elisabetta -- Kisalu, Neville -- Gordon, Ingelise -- Ledgerwood, Julie E -- Mascola, John R -- Graham, Barney S -- Muyembe-Tamfun, Jean-Jacques -- Trefry, John C -- Lanzavecchia, Antonio -- Sullivan, Nancy J -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 18;351(6279):1339-42. doi: 10.1126/science.aad5224. Epub 2016 Feb 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universita della Svizzera Italiana, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland. Humabs BioMed SA, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland. ; Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA. ; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universita della Svizzera Italiana, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland. ; Humabs BioMed SA, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland. ; National Institute for Biomedical Research, National Laboratory of Public Health, Kinshasa B.P. 1197, Democratic Republic of the Congo. ; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universita della Svizzera Italiana, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland. Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. ; Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. njsull@mail.nih.gov.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26917593" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*administration & dosage/immunology/isolation & ; purification ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/*administration & dosage/immunology/isolation & ; purification ; Antibodies, Viral/*administration & dosage/immunology/isolation & purification ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Disease Outbreaks ; Ebolavirus/*immunology ; Female ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Humans ; Macaca ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Survivors
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  • 80
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-03-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin-Frankel, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 11;351(6278):1126. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6278.1126.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26965598" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cholesterol, HDL/*blood ; Coronary Disease/*blood/*genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Scavenger Receptors, Class B/*genetics
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: The fungal kingdom is the source of almost all industrial enzymes in use for lignocellulose bioprocessing. We developed a systems-level approach that integrates transcriptomic sequencing, proteomics, phenotype, and biochemical studies of relatively unexplored basal fungi. Anaerobic gut fungi isolated from herbivores produce a large array of biomass-degrading enzymes that synergistically degrade crude, untreated plant biomass and are competitive with optimized commercial preparations from Aspergillus and Trichoderma. Compared to these model platforms, gut fungal enzymes are unbiased in substrate preference due to a wealth of xylan-degrading enzymes. These enzymes are universally catabolite-repressed and are further regulated by a rich landscape of noncoding regulatory RNAs. Additionally, we identified several promising sequence-divergent enzyme candidates for lignocellulosic bioprocessing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Solomon, Kevin V -- Haitjema, Charles H -- Henske, John K -- Gilmore, Sean P -- Borges-Rivera, Diego -- Lipzen, Anna -- Brewer, Heather M -- Purvine, Samuel O -- Wright, Aaron T -- Theodorou, Michael K -- Grigoriev, Igor V -- Regev, Aviv -- Thompson, Dawn A -- O'Malley, Michelle A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 11;351(6278):1192-5. doi: 10.1126/science.aad1431. Epub 2016 Feb 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB), Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02143, USA. ; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA. ; Earth and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA. Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA. ; Earth and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA. ; Animal Production, Welfare and Veterinary Sciences, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire TF10 8NB, UK. ; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB), Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. momalley@engineering.ucsb.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912365" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aspergillus/*enzymology/genetics/isolation & purification ; Biotechnology/*methods ; Cellulases/genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Cellulose/metabolism ; Gastrointestinal Tract/*microbiology ; Herbivory ; RNA, Untranslated/genetics ; Substrate Specificity ; Trichoderma/*enzymology/genetics/isolation & purification ; Xylans/*metabolism
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  • 82
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-03-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Loreto, Elgion Lucio Silva -- Wallau, Gabriel Luz -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 18;351(6279):1273. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6279.1273-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departamento de Bioquimica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. ; Departamento de Entomologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhaes-FIOCRUZ-CPqAM, Recife, PE, Brazil. gabriel.wallau@cpqam.fiocruz.br.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26989241" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Culicidae/drug effects/*microbiology ; Dengue/*prevention & control/transmission ; Insecticides/pharmacology ; Mosquito Control/*methods ; Risk ; *Wolbachia
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2016-01-02
    Description: CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing holds clinical potential for treating genetic diseases, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), which is caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. To correct DMD by skipping mutant dystrophin exons in postnatal muscle tissue in vivo, we used adeno-associated virus-9 (AAV9) to deliver gene-editing components to postnatal mdx mice, a model of DMD. Different modes of AAV9 delivery were systematically tested, including intraperitoneal at postnatal day 1 (P1), intramuscular at P12, and retro-orbital at P18. Each of these methods restored dystrophin protein expression in cardiac and skeletal muscle to varying degrees, and expression increased from 3 to 12 weeks after injection. Postnatal gene editing also enhanced skeletal muscle function, as measured by grip strength tests 4 weeks after injection. This method provides a potential means of correcting mutations responsible for DMD and other monogenic disorders after birth.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4760628/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4760628/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Long, Chengzu -- Amoasii, Leonela -- Mireault, Alex A -- McAnally, John R -- Li, Hui -- Sanchez-Ortiz, Efrain -- Bhattacharyya, Samadrita -- Shelton, John M -- Bassel-Duby, Rhonda -- Olson, Eric N -- DK-099653/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- HL-077439/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-093039/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-111665/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK099653/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL077439/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL093039/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL111665/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL100401/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01-HL-100401/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HD 087351/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 22;351(6271):400-3. doi: 10.1126/science.aad5725. Epub 2015 Dec 31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. Sen. Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. ; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. ; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. Sen. Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. eric.olson@utsouthwestern.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26721683" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *CRISPR-Cas Systems ; Dependovirus ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dystrophin/*genetics ; Exons/genetics ; Female ; Forelimb/physiopathology ; Genetic Therapy/*methods ; Genome/genetics ; Hand Strength ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred mdx ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/genetics/*therapy ; Myocardium/metabolism
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  • 84
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Currie, Janet -- Grenfell, Bryan -- Farrar, Jeremy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 19;351(6275):815-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aad8521.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Princeton University, Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA. jcurrie@princeton.edu. ; Princeton University, Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA. ; Wellcome Trust, 215 Euston Road, London NW1 2BE, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912880" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Communicable Disease Control/*methods/*organization & administration ; Delivery of Health Care ; Disease Reservoirs ; Epidemics/*prevention & control ; *Global Health ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Zoonoses/prevention & control/transmission
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2016-01-23
    Description: Differentiated macrophages can self-renew in tissues and expand long term in culture, but the gene regulatory mechanisms that accomplish self-renewal in the differentiated state have remained unknown. Here we show that in mice, the transcription factors MafB and c-Maf repress a macrophage-specific enhancer repertoire associated with a gene network that controls self-renewal. Single-cell analysis revealed that, in vivo, proliferating resident macrophages can access this network by transient down-regulation of Maf transcription factors. The network also controls embryonic stem cell self-renewal but is associated with distinct embryonic stem cell-specific enhancers. This indicates that distinct lineage-specific enhancer platforms regulate a shared network of genes that control self-renewal potential in both stem and mature cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Soucie, Erinn L -- Weng, Ziming -- Geirsdottir, Laufey -- Molawi, Kaaweh -- Maurizio, Julien -- Fenouil, Romain -- Mossadegh-Keller, Noushine -- Gimenez, Gregory -- VanHille, Laurent -- Beniazza, Meryam -- Favret, Jeremy -- Berruyer, Carole -- Perrin, Pierre -- Hacohen, Nir -- Andrau, J-C -- Ferrier, Pierre -- Dubreuil, Patrice -- Sidow, Arend -- Sieweke, Michael H -- P01AG036695/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 12;351(6274):aad5510. doi: 10.1126/science.aad5510. Epub 2016 Jan 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Universite Aix-Marseille, UM2, Campus de Luminy, Case 906, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France. INSERM, U1104, Marseille, France. CNRS, UMR 7280, Marseille, France. Centre de Recherche en Cancerologie de Marseille, INSERM (U1068), CNRS (U7258), Universite Aix-Marseille (UM105), Marseille, France. sieweke@ciml.univ-mrs.fr erinn.soucie@inserm.fr arend@stanford.edu. ; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5324, USA. ; Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Universite Aix-Marseille, UM2, Campus de Luminy, Case 906, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France. INSERM, U1104, Marseille, France. CNRS, UMR 7280, Marseille, France. ; Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Universite Aix-Marseille, UM2, Campus de Luminy, Case 906, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France. INSERM, U1104, Marseille, France. CNRS, UMR 7280, Marseille, France. Max-Delbruck-Centrum fur Molekulare Medizin in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft, 10 Robert-Rossle-Strasse, 13125 Berlin, Germany. ; Broad Institute of Harvard University and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. ; Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Universite Aix-Marseille, UM2, Campus de Luminy, Case 906, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France. INSERM, U1104, Marseille, France. CNRS, UMR 7280, Marseille, France. Institut de Genetique Moleculaire de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5535, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France. ; Centre de Recherche en Cancerologie de Marseille, INSERM (U1068), CNRS (U7258), Universite Aix-Marseille (UM105), Marseille, France. ; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5324, USA. Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. sieweke@ciml.univ-mrs.fr erinn.soucie@inserm.fr arend@stanford.edu. ; Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Universite Aix-Marseille, UM2, Campus de Luminy, Case 906, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France. INSERM, U1104, Marseille, France. CNRS, UMR 7280, Marseille, France. Max-Delbruck-Centrum fur Molekulare Medizin in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft, 10 Robert-Rossle-Strasse, 13125 Berlin, Germany. sieweke@ciml.univ-mrs.fr erinn.soucie@inserm.fr arend@stanford.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26797145" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation/*genetics ; Cell Lineage/*genetics ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Down-Regulation ; Embryonic Stem Cells/*cytology ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic/*physiology ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; Macrophages/*cytology ; MafB Transcription Factor/metabolism ; Mice ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-maf/metabolism ; Single-Cell Analysis ; Transcriptional Activation
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2016-04-23
    Description: Sauropod dinosaurs exhibit the largest ontogenetic size range among terrestrial vertebrates, but a dearth of very young individuals has hindered understanding of the beginning of their growth trajectory. A new specimen of Rapetosaurus krausei sheds light on early life in the smallest stage of one of the largest dinosaurs. Bones record rapid growth rates and hatching lines, indicating that this individual weighed ~3.4 kilograms at hatching. Just several weeks later, when it likely succumbed to starvation in a drought-stressed ecosystem, it had reached a mass of ~40 kilograms and was ~35 centimeters tall at the hip. Unexpectedly, Rapetosaurus limb bones grew isometrically throughout their development. Cortical remodeling, limb isometry, and thin calcified hypertrophic metaphyseal cartilages indicate an active, precocial growth strategy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Curry Rogers, Kristina -- Whitney, Megan -- D'Emic, Michael -- Bagley, Brian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 22;352(6284):450-3. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf1509. Epub 2016 Apr 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biology and Geology Departments, Macalester College, St. Paul, MN 55105, USA. rogersk@macalester.edu. ; Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98185-1800, USA. ; Biology Department, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY 11530-0701, USA. ; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455-1333, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27102482" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Weight ; *Bone Development ; Bone and Bones/*anatomy & histology ; Calcification, Physiologic ; Cartilage/anatomy & histology/growth & development ; Dinosaurs/*anatomy & histology/*growth & development ; Droughts ; Ecosystem ; Extremities/anatomy & histology/growth & development ; Madagascar ; Starvation/veterinary
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  • 87
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stevens, Beth -- Muthukumar, Allie K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 19;351(6275):813. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf2849.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. beth.stevens@childrens.harvard.edu. ; Department of Neurology, F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912878" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Astrocytes/*metabolism ; Cerebellar Cortex/*cytology ; Female ; Hedgehog Proteins/*metabolism ; Male ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/*metabolism
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2016-04-02
    Description: Global climate change is a major threat to biodiversity. Large-scale analyses have generally focused on the impacts of climate change on the geographic ranges of species and on phenology, the timing of ecological phenomena. We used long-term monitoring of the abundance of breeding birds across Europe and the United States to produce, for both regions, composite population indices for two groups of species: those for which climate suitability has been either improving or declining since 1980. The ratio of these composite indices, the climate impact indicator (CII), reflects the divergent fates of species favored or disadvantaged by climate change. The trend in CII is positive and similar in the two regions. On both continents, interspecific and spatial variation in population abundance trends are well predicted by climate suitability trends.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stephens, Philip A -- Mason, Lucy R -- Green, Rhys E -- Gregory, Richard D -- Sauer, John R -- Alison, Jamie -- Aunins, Ainars -- Brotons, Lluis -- Butchart, Stuart H M -- Campedelli, Tommaso -- Chodkiewicz, Tomasz -- Chylarecki, Przemyslaw -- Crowe, Olivia -- Elts, Jaanus -- Escandell, Virginia -- Foppen, Ruud P B -- Heldbjerg, Henning -- Herrando, Sergi -- Husby, Magne -- Jiguet, Frederic -- Lehikoinen, Aleksi -- Lindstrom, Ake -- Noble, David G -- Paquet, Jean-Yves -- Reif, Jiri -- Sattler, Thomas -- Szep, Tibor -- Teufelbauer, Norbert -- Trautmann, Sven -- van Strien, Arco J -- van Turnhout, Chris A M -- Vorisek, Petr -- Willis, Stephen G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 1;352(6281):84-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aac4858.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Conservation Ecology Group, School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK. ; Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Centre for Conservation Science, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL, UK. ; Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Centre for Conservation Science, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL, UK. Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. ; United States Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, 12100 Beech Forest Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. ; Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK. ; Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 1, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia. ; Center for Mediterranean Forest Research, Centre Tecnologic Forestal de Catalunya, InForest JRU, Solsona 25280, Spain. REAF, Cerdanyola del Valles 08193, Catalonia, Spain. CSIC, Cerdanyola del Valles 08193, Catalonia, Spain. ; Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. BirdLife International, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK. ; MITO2000 National Committee; c/o Dream Italia, Via Garibaldi 3, 52015, Pratovecchio-Stia, Arezzo, Italy. ; Ogolnopolskie Towarzystwo Ochrony Ptakow, Odrowaza 24,05-270 Marki, Poland. ; Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wilcza 64, 00-679 Warszawa, Poland. ; BirdWatch Ireland, Unit 20 Block D Bullford Business Campus, Kilcoole, County Wicklow, Ireland. ; Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise Street 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia. Estonian Ornithological Society, Veski 4, 51005 Tartu, Estonia. ; Sociedad Espanola de Ornitologia/BirdLife Melquiades Biencinto, 34, 28053 Madrid. Spain. ; European Bird Census Council, Post Office Box 6521, 6503 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands. Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, Post Office Box 6521, 6503 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands. Department of Animal Ecology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Post Office Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. ; Dansk Ornitologisk Forening-BirdLife Denmark and University of Aarhus, Vesterbrogade 140, 1620 Kobenhavn V, Denmark. ; European Bird Census Council-Catalan Ornithological Institute, Natural History Museum of Barcelona, Placa Leonardo da Vinci 4-5, 08019 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. ; Section for Science, Nord University, 7600 Levanger, Norway. ; UMR7204 Sorbonne Universites-MNHN-CNRS-UPMC, CESCO, CRBPO, CP 135, 43 Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. ; The Helsinki Lab of Ornithology, Finnish Museum of Natural History, Post Office Box 17, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. ; Biodiversity Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden. ; The British Trust for Ornithology, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk IP24 2PU, UK. ; Natagora, Departement Etudes, Rue Nanon 98, B-5000 Namur, Belgium. ; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic. Department of Zoology and Laboratory of Ornithology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 17 Listopadu 50, 771 43 Olomouc, Czech Republic. ; Swiss Ornithological Institute, Seerose 1, 6204 Sempach, Switzerland. ; Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Nyiregyhaza, Sostoi ut 31/b, 4400 Nyiregyhaza, Hungary. ; BirdLife Austria, Museumsplatz 1/10/8, A-1070 Vienna, Austria. ; Dachverband Deutscher Avifaunisten e.V. (Federation of German Avifaunists), An den Speichern 6, D-48157 Munster, Germany. ; Statistics Netherlands, Post Office Box 24500, 2490 HA The Hague, Netherlands. ; Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, Post Office Box 6521, 6503 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands. Department of Animal Ecology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Post Office Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. ; Department of Zoology and Laboratory of Ornithology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 17 Listopadu 50, 771 43 Olomouc, Czech Republic. Pan-European Common Bird Monitoring Scheme, Czech Society for Ornithology, Na Belidle 252/34, CZ-15000 Prague 5, Czech Republic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27034371" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Migration ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Birds ; Breeding ; *Climate Change ; Ecological Parameter Monitoring ; Europe ; Population Dynamics ; United States
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  • 89
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ma, Eric H -- Jones, Russell G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 12;351(6274):670-1. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf1929.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada. Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada. ; Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada. Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada. russell.jones@mcgill.ca.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912848" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Humans ; Mitochondria/*metabolism ; Multiprotein Complexes/*metabolism ; Purines/*biosynthesis/*metabolism ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism ; Tetrahydrofolates/*metabolism
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: The cerebrum of large mammals is convoluted, whereas that of small mammals is smooth. Mota and Herculano-Houzel (Reports, 3 July 2015, p. 74) inspired a model on an old theory that proposed a fractal geometry. I show that their model reduces to the product of gray-matter proportion times the folding index. This proportional relation describes the available data even better than the fractal model.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de Lussanet, Marc H E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 19;351(6275):825. doi: 10.1126/science.aad0127.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Sports Science, University of Munster, Horstmarer Landweg 62b, D-48149 Munster, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912885" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cerebral Cortex ; Humans ; Lissencephaly/*pathology ; Neurons/*cytology
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2016-04-23
    Description: Tissue-resident memory T (Trm) cells permanently localize to portals of pathogen entry, where they provide immediate protection against reinfection. To enforce tissue retention, Trm cells up-regulate CD69 and down-regulate molecules associated with tissue egress; however, a Trm-specific transcriptional regulator has not been identified. Here, we show that the transcription factor Hobit is specifically up-regulated in Trm cells and, together with related Blimp1, mediates the development of Trm cells in skin, gut, liver, and kidney in mice. The Hobit-Blimp1 transcriptional module is also required for other populations of tissue-resident lymphocytes, including natural killer T (NKT) cells and liver-resident NK cells, all of which share a common transcriptional program. Our results identify Hobit and Blimp1 as central regulators of this universal program that instructs tissue retention in diverse tissue-resident lymphocyte populations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mackay, Laura K -- Minnich, Martina -- Kragten, Natasja A M -- Liao, Yang -- Nota, Benjamin -- Seillet, Cyril -- Zaid, Ali -- Man, Kevin -- Preston, Simon -- Freestone, David -- Braun, Asolina -- Wynne-Jones, Erica -- Behr, Felix M -- Stark, Regina -- Pellicci, Daniel G -- Godfrey, Dale I -- Belz, Gabrielle T -- Pellegrini, Marc -- Gebhardt, Thomas -- Busslinger, Meinrad -- Shi, Wei -- Carbone, Francis R -- van Lier, Rene A W -- Kallies, Axel -- van Gisbergen, Klaas P J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 22;352(6284):459-63. doi: 10.1126/science.aad2035.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia. Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. lkmackay@unimelb.edu.au kallies@wehi.edu.au k.vangisbergen@sanquin.nl. ; Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria. ; Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. ; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia. Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. ; Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia. ; Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia. Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. Department of Experimental Immunology, AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands. ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia. Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. ; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia. Department of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. ; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia. Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. lkmackay@unimelb.edu.au kallies@wehi.edu.au k.vangisbergen@sanquin.nl. ; Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia. Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. Department of Experimental Immunology, AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands. lkmackay@unimelb.edu.au kallies@wehi.edu.au k.vangisbergen@sanquin.nl.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27102484" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Gastrointestinal Tract/immunology ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Regulator/genetics/*physiology ; Immunologic Memory/*genetics ; Kidney/immunology ; Killer Cells, Natural/*immunology ; Liver/immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Natural Killer T-Cells/*immunology ; Skin/immunology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*physiology ; Transcription, Genetic ; Up-Regulation
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  • 92
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Magurran, Anne E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 29;351(6272):448-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aad6758.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Scotland, UK. aem1@st-andrews.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26823412" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Climate Change ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Extinction, Biological ; *Fishes ; Introduced Species ; Rivers
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2016-01-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dejana, Elisabetta -- Betsholtz, Christer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 22;351(6271):341-2. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf1139.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy. Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Milan University, Milan, Italy. elisabetta.dejana@igp.uu.se christer.betsholtz@igp.uu.se. ; Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. elisabetta.dejana@igp.uu.se christer.betsholtz@igp.uu.se.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26798001" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Movement ; Cerebral Cortex/*embryology ; Humans ; Neural Stem Cells/*physiology ; *Neurogenesis ; Oligodendroglia/*physiology ; *Organogenesis ; Spinal Cord/*embryology
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2016-01-28
    Description: Hydroxymethylcytosine, well described in DNA, occurs also in RNA. Here, we show that hydroxymethylcytosine preferentially marks polyadenylated RNAs and is deposited by Tet in Drosophila. We map the transcriptome-wide hydroxymethylation landscape, revealing hydroxymethylcytosine in the transcripts of many genes, notably in coding sequences, and identify consensus sites for hydroxymethylation. We found that RNA hydroxymethylation can favor mRNA translation. Tet and hydroxymethylated RNA are found to be most abundant in the Drosophila brain, and Tet-deficient fruitflies suffer impaired brain development, accompanied by decreased RNA hydroxymethylation. This study highlights the distribution, localization, and function of cytosine hydroxymethylation and identifies central roles for this modification in Drosophila.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Delatte, Benjamin -- Wang, Fei -- Ngoc, Long Vo -- Collignon, Evelyne -- Bonvin, Elise -- Deplus, Rachel -- Calonne, Emilie -- Hassabi, Bouchra -- Putmans, Pascale -- Awe, Stephan -- Wetzel, Collin -- Kreher, Judith -- Soin, Romuald -- Creppe, Catherine -- Limbach, Patrick A -- Gueydan, Cyril -- Kruys, Veronique -- Brehm, Alexander -- Minakhina, Svetlana -- Defrance, Matthieu -- Steward, Ruth -- Fuks, Francois -- R01 GM089992/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA117846/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 15;351(6270):282-5. doi: 10.1126/science.aac5253.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB Cancer Research Center (U-CRC), Universite Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium. ; Waksman Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA. ; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of the Gene, Faculty of Sciences, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium. ; Institut fur Molekularbiologie und Tumorforschung, Philipps-Universitat Marburg, Marburg, Germany. ; Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA. ; Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB Cancer Research Center (U-CRC), Universite Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium. ffuks@ulb.ac.be.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26816380" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*abnormalities/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cytosine/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Dioxygenases/genetics/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; Methylation ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcriptome
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  • 95
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Desban, Laura -- Wyart, Claire -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 1;352(6281):42-3. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf6016.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle epiniere, GH Pitie-Salpetriere, 75013 Paris, France. ; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle epiniere, GH Pitie-Salpetriere, 75013 Paris, France. claire.wyart@icm-institute.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27034363" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aggression/*physiology ; Animals ; *Conflict (Psychology) ; Habenula/*physiology ; *Negotiating
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2016-04-23
    Description: Pershing et al (Science, 13 November 2015, p. 809) concluded that recent warming in the Gulf of Maine contributed to the collapse of Gulf of Maine cod. We argue that this conclusion is based on a flawed analysis of the population dynamics of this cod stock. We believe that understanding the potential role of climate change in the collapse of this stock requires more defensible analyses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Swain, Douglas P -- Benoit, Hugues P -- Cox, Sean P -- Cadigan, Noel G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 22;352(6284):423. doi: 10.1126/science.aad9346.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Gulf Fisheries Centre, Moncton, NB E1C 9B6, Canada. ; Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Gulf Fisheries Centre, Moncton, NB E1C 9B6, Canada. hugues.benoit@dfo-mpo.gc.ca. ; School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. ; Centre for Fisheries Ecosystems Research, Marine Institute of Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5R3, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27102474" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; *Fisheries ; Gadus morhua/*physiology ; *Global Warming
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: T cell-mediated destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas causes type 1 diabetes (T1D). CD4 T cell responses play a central role in beta cell destruction, but the identity of the epitopes recognized by pathogenic CD4 T cells remains unknown. We found that diabetes-inducing CD4 T cell clones isolated from nonobese diabetic mice recognize epitopes formed by covalent cross-linking of proinsulin peptides to other peptides present in beta cell secretory granules. These hybrid insulin peptides (HIPs) are antigenic for CD4 T cells and can be detected by mass spectrometry in beta cells. CD4 T cells from the residual pancreatic islets of two organ donors who had T1D also recognize HIPs. Autoreactive T cells targeting hybrid peptides may explain how immune tolerance is broken in T1D.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Delong, Thomas -- Wiles, Timothy A -- Baker, Rocky L -- Bradley, Brenda -- Barbour, Gene -- Reisdorph, Richard -- Armstrong, Michael -- Powell, Roger L -- Reisdorph, Nichole -- Kumar, Nitesh -- Elso, Colleen M -- DeNicola, Megan -- Bottino, Rita -- Powers, Alvin C -- Harlan, David M -- Kent, Sally C -- Mannering, Stuart I -- Haskins, Kathryn -- 1K01DK094941/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- 1R01DK081166/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- 5U01DK89572/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK104211/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 12;351(6274):711-4. doi: 10.1126/science.aad2791.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. thomas.delong@ucdenver.edu katie.haskins@ucdenver.edu. ; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. ; Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. ; Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes Street, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia. ; Department of Medicine, Diabetes Division, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA. ; Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny-Singer Research Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. ; Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA. VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA. ; Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes Street, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia. University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912858" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; C-Peptide/chemistry/*immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Clone Cells ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/*immunology/pathology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/*immunology/pathology ; Epitopes/*immunology ; Immune Tolerance ; Insulin-Secreting Cells/*immunology/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred NOD ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptides/chemistry/immunology
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2016-01-02
    Description: Frame-disrupting mutations in the DMD gene, encoding dystrophin, compromise myofiber integrity and drive muscle deterioration in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Removing one or more exons from the mutated transcript can produce an in-frame mRNA and a truncated, but still functional, protein. In this study, we developed and tested a direct gene-editing approach to induce exon deletion and recover dystrophin expression in the mdx mouse model of DMD. Delivery by adeno-associated virus (AAV) of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 endonucleases coupled with paired guide RNAs flanking the mutated Dmd exon23 resulted in excision of intervening DNA and restored the Dmd reading frame in myofibers, cardiomyocytes, and muscle stem cells after local or systemic delivery. AAV-Dmd CRISPR treatment partially recovered muscle functional deficiencies and generated a pool of endogenously corrected myogenic precursors in mdx mouse muscle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tabebordbar, Mohammadsharif -- Zhu, Kexian -- Cheng, Jason K W -- Chew, Wei Leong -- Widrick, Jeffrey J -- Yan, Winston X -- Maesner, Claire -- Wu, Elizabeth Y -- Xiao, Ru -- Ran, F Ann -- Cong, Le -- Zhang, Feng -- Vandenberghe, Luk H -- Church, George M -- Wagers, Amy J -- 1DP2OD004345/OD/NIH HHS/ -- 5DP1-MH100706/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHS/ -- 5PN2EY018244/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- 5R01DK097768-03/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- 5U01HL100402/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P50 HG005550/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- T2GM007753/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 22;351(6271):407-11. doi: 10.1126/science.aad5177. Epub 2015 Dec 31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. ; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. ; Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Division of Genetics and Program in Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, and Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. ; Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Schepens Eye Research Institute, and Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. amy_wagers@harvard.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26721686" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; CRISPR-Cas Systems ; Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats ; Dependovirus ; Disease Models, Animal ; Exons ; Frameshift Mutation ; Genetic Therapy/*methods ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred mdx ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/genetics/*therapy ; Myocardium/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle/*metabolism ; Sequence Deletion ; Transduction, Genetic/*methods
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2016-01-28
    Description: Genes encoding human beta-type globin undergo a developmental switch from embryonic to fetal to adult-type expression. Mutations in the adult form cause inherited hemoglobinopathies or globin disorders, including sickle cell disease and thalassemia. Some experimental results have suggested that these diseases could be treated by induction of fetal-type hemoglobin (HbF). However, the mechanisms that repress HbF in adults remain unclear. We found that the LRF/ZBTB7A transcription factor occupies fetal gamma-globin genes and maintains the nucleosome density necessary for gamma-globin gene silencing in adults, and that LRF confers its repressive activity through a NuRD repressor complex independent of the fetal globin repressor BCL11A. Our study may provide additional opportunities for therapeutic targeting in the treatment of hemoglobinopathies.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4778394/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4778394/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Masuda, Takeshi -- Wang, Xin -- Maeda, Manami -- Canver, Matthew C -- Sher, Falak -- Funnell, Alister P W -- Fisher, Chris -- Suciu, Maria -- Martyn, Gabriella E -- Norton, Laura J -- Zhu, Catherine -- Kurita, Ryo -- Nakamura, Yukio -- Xu, Jian -- Higgs, Douglas R -- Crossley, Merlin -- Bauer, Daniel E -- Orkin, Stuart H -- Kharchenko, Peter V -- Maeda, Takahiro -- R01 AI084905/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL032259/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R56 DK105001/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 15;351(6270):285-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aad3312.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. ; Medical Research Council, Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, UK. ; Cell Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. ; Cell Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. ; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. ; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. peter.kharchenko@post.harvard.edu tmaeda@partners.org. ; Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. peter.kharchenko@post.harvard.edu tmaeda@partners.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26816381" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anemia, Sickle Cell/genetics ; Animals ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Chromatin/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Erythroblasts/cytology ; Erythropoiesis/genetics ; Fetal Hemoglobin/*genetics ; *Gene Silencing ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Sequence Deletion ; Thalassemia/genetics ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; gamma-Globins/*genetics
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2016-04-30
    Description: Wakefulness is driven by the widespread release of neuromodulators by the ascending arousal system. Yet, it is unclear how these substances orchestrate state-dependent, global changes in neuronal activity. Here, we show that neuromodulators induce increases in the extracellular K(+) concentration ([K(+)]e) in cortical slices electrically silenced by tetrodotoxin. In vivo, arousal was linked to AMPA receptor-independent elevations of [K(+)]e concomitant with decreases in [Ca(2+)]e, [Mg(2+)]e, [H(+)]e, and the extracellular volume. Opposite, natural sleep and anesthesia reduced [K(+)]e while increasing [Ca(2+)]e, [Mg(2+)]e, and [H(+)]e as well as the extracellular volume. Local cortical activity of sleeping mice could be readily converted to the stereotypical electroencephalography pattern of wakefulness by simply imposing a change in the extracellular ion composition. Thus, extracellular ions control the state-dependent patterns of neural activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ding, Fengfei -- O'Donnell, John -- Xu, Qiwu -- Kang, Ning -- Goldman, Nanna -- Nedergaard, Maiken -- NS078167/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS078304/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 29;352(6285):550-5. doi: 10.1126/science.aad4821.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA. Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China. ; Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA. ; Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA. Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark. nedergaard@urmc.rochester.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27126038" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/analysis/metabolism ; Cations/analysis/*metabolism ; Cerebral Cortex/chemistry/drug effects/*physiology ; Electroencephalography ; Magnesium/analysis/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neurons/drug effects/metabolism/physiology ; Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism/pharmacology ; Potassium/*metabolism ; Receptors, AMPA/metabolism ; Sleep/drug effects/*physiology ; Sodium Channel Blockers/pharmacology ; Tetrodotoxin/pharmacology ; Wakefulness/drug effects/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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