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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-08-27
    Description: The plume structure of Perdido Bay Estuary (PBE), a typical bay on the Florida-Alabama coast along the Gulf of Mexico, was simulated using an existing calibrated model. To better understand plume dynamics in the PBE and similar bay systems, idealized sensitivity experiments were conducted to examine the influence of wind stress on the 3-D plume signature: the results indicate that wind speed and direction significantly influence plume orientation, area, width, length, and depth. The plume size was reduced under the effect of wind and increased wind forcing. Among wind-forced cases, the plume is largest for northerly (offshore) winds and smallest for southerly (onshore) winds. Bay-shelf salt flux and water flux were also investigated, since they are important for the formation of a 3-D plume structure. Model simulations show that water outflow to the coastal ocean is strongest under northerly winds and can be stopped by southerly winds. For moderately strong winds, the outflow and plume size are larger for easterly downwelling-favorable winds than for westerly upwelling-favorable winds; the opposite is true for outflow and plume size for these two wind directions under stronger winds. For all wind directions, the ratio of salt flux and water flux at the bay mouth increases with wind speed. This ratio trend is consistent with higher outflow salinities, and this decreased buoyancy signature, along with more energetic vertical mixing, reduces plume size. A detailed understanding of this water and salt flux is essential to the plume dynamics studied here and for other plumes. Additional particle transport analysis using variable wind forcing was conducted to determine the influence of the plume on particle movement. The results showed a consistency between the surface plume, salt flux, and particle transport and illustrate the strong effects that winds have on particle fate and dispersion.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: Abstract The folding and assembly of Rubisco large and small subunits into L8S8 holoenzyme in chloroplasts involves many auxiliary factors, including the chaperone BSD2. Here we identify apparent intermediary Rubisco‐BSD2 assembly complexes in the model C3 plant tobacco. We show BSD2 and Rubisco content decrease in tandem with leaf age with approximately half of the BSD2 in young leaves (~70 nmol BSD2 protomer.m2) stably integrated in putative intermediary Rubisco complexes that account for 〈0.2% of the L8S8 pool. RNAi‐silencing BSD2 production in transplastomic tobacco producing bacterial L2 Rubisco had no effect on leaf photosynthesis, cell ultrastructure, or plant growth. Genetic crossing the same RNAi‐bsd2 alleles into wild‐type tobacco however impaired L8S8 Rubisco production and plant growth, indicating the only critical function of BSD2 is in Rubisco biogenesis. Agrobacterium mediated transient expression of tobacco, Arabidopsis, or maize BSD2 reinstated Rubisco biogenesis in BSD2‐silenced tobacco. Overexpressing BSD2 in tobacco chloroplasts however did not alter Rubisco content, activation status, leaf photosynthesis rate, or plant growth in the field or in the glasshouse at 20°C or 35°C. Our findings indicate BSD2 functions exclusively in Rubisco biogenesis, can efficiently facilitate heterologous plant Rubisco assembly, and is produced in amounts nonlimiting to tobacco growth.
    Print ISSN: 0140-7791
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-3040
    Topics: Biology
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1998-01-24
    Description: Gene expression was visualized in single living mammalian cells with beta-lactamase as a reporter that hydrolyzes a substrate loaded intracellularly as a membrane-permeant ester. Each enzyme molecule changed the fluorescence of many substrate molecules from green to blue by disrupting resonance energy transfer. This wavelength shift was detectable by eye or color film in individual cells containing less than 100 beta-lactamase molecules. The robust change in emission ratio reveals quantitative heterogeneity in real-time gene expression, enables clonal selection by flow cytometry, and forms a basis for high-throughput screening of pharmaceutical candidate drugs in living mammalian cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zlokarnik, G -- Negulescu, P A -- Knapp, T E -- Mere, L -- Burres, N -- Feng, L -- Whitney, M -- Roemer, K -- Tsien, R Y -- NS27177/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jan 2;279(5347):84-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Aurora Biosciences, 11010 Torreyana Road, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9417030" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Separation/methods ; Clone Cells/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Energy Transfer ; Flow Cytometry ; Fluoresceins/metabolism ; Fluorescent Dyes/metabolism ; *Gene Expression ; *Genes, Reporter ; Half-Life ; Humans ; *Lactams ; Muscarinic Agonists/pharmacology ; Muscarinic Antagonists/pharmacology ; NFATC Transcription Factors ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Umbelliferones/metabolism ; beta-Lactamases/*genetics/metabolism ; beta-Lactams/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2009-01-03
    Description: Iridescence, the change in hue of a surface with varying observation angles, is used by insects, birds, fish, and reptiles for species recognition and mate selection. We identified iridescence in flowers of Hibiscus trionum and Tulipa species and demonstrated that iridescence is generated through diffraction gratings that might be widespread among flowering plants. Although iridescence might be expected to increase attractiveness, it might also compromise target identification because the object's appearance will vary depending on the viewer's perspective. We found that bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) learn to disentangle flower iridescence from color and correctly identify iridescent flowers despite their continuously changing appearance. This ability is retained in the absence of cues from polarized light or ultraviolet reflectance associated with diffraction gratings.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Whitney, Heather M -- Kolle, Mathias -- Andrew, Piers -- Chittka, Lars -- Steiner, Ullrich -- Glover, Beverley J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 2;323(5910):130-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1166256.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119235" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bees/*physiology ; Color ; Color Perception ; Cues ; *Flowers/cytology ; *Hibiscus/cytology ; *Optical Phenomena ; *Pigmentation ; Pigments, Biological ; Plant Epidermis/cytology ; Pollination ; Spectrum Analysis ; *Tulipa/cytology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1993-09-03
    Description: Arrays of ferromagnetic nickel and cobalt nanowires have been fabricated by electrochemical deposition of the metals into templates with nanometer-sized pores prepared by nuclear track etching. These systems display distinctive characteristics because of their one-dimensional microstructure. The preferred magnetization direction is perpendicular to the film plane. Enhanced coercivities as high as 680 oersteds and remnant magnetization up to 90 percent have also been observed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Whitney, T M -- Searson, P C -- Jiang, J S -- Chien, C L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Sep 3;261(5126):1316-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17731862" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2016-04-23
    Description: Sauropod dinosaurs exhibit the largest ontogenetic size range among terrestrial vertebrates, but a dearth of very young individuals has hindered understanding of the beginning of their growth trajectory. A new specimen of Rapetosaurus krausei sheds light on early life in the smallest stage of one of the largest dinosaurs. Bones record rapid growth rates and hatching lines, indicating that this individual weighed ~3.4 kilograms at hatching. Just several weeks later, when it likely succumbed to starvation in a drought-stressed ecosystem, it had reached a mass of ~40 kilograms and was ~35 centimeters tall at the hip. Unexpectedly, Rapetosaurus limb bones grew isometrically throughout their development. Cortical remodeling, limb isometry, and thin calcified hypertrophic metaphyseal cartilages indicate an active, precocial growth strategy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Curry Rogers, Kristina -- Whitney, Megan -- D'Emic, Michael -- Bagley, Brian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 22;352(6284):450-3. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf1509. Epub 2016 Apr 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biology and Geology Departments, Macalester College, St. Paul, MN 55105, USA. rogersk@macalester.edu. ; Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98185-1800, USA. ; Biology Department, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY 11530-0701, USA. ; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455-1333, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27102482" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Weight ; *Bone Development ; Bone and Bones/*anatomy & histology ; Calcification, Physiologic ; Cartilage/anatomy & histology/growth & development ; Dinosaurs/*anatomy & histology/*growth & development ; Droughts ; Ecosystem ; Extremities/anatomy & histology/growth & development ; Madagascar ; Starvation/veterinary
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2017-07-25
    Description: A multi-year observational time series was evaluated across the 150 km central axis of the U.S. east coast's Long Island Sound (LIS) estuary, in three distinct regions. Fluxes were calculated at the boundaries of the regions using observations coupled to a hydrodynamic model and applied to a mass balance to assess organic carbon (OC) export from LIS. For all years, during stratified summer periods, LIS was a net exporter of OC to the continental shelf. LIS annual net carbon export however, varied with river flow. The heterotrophic or autotrophic nature of LIS also shifted inter-annually. During the mass balance analysis period (2009–2012), LIS ranged between net OC import from the continental shelf and heterotrophy in the lowest river flow year (2012) and net export of OC and autotrophy in the highest flow year (2011). Analysis suggests that LIS switches from net OC import to export when the annual river inputs exceed 19 km 3 yr −1 . Applying these thresholds to the annual river flow record suggests that net import occurred in 15% of the last 20 years and that LIS usually is a net exporter of OC (85%). Annually averaged LIS carbon export values based on river flow conditions over the last 20 yr are estimated at 56 ± 64 × 10 6 kg yr −1 . Analysis also suggests that LIS shifts from net heterotrophic to net autotrophic when annual river flow exceeds 26 km 3 yr −1 (35% of the last 20 yr). Net heterotrophic conditions are most common, representing 65% of the last 20 yr.
    Print ISSN: 0024-3590
    Electronic ISSN: 1939-5590
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract Long Island Sound is a large macrotidal estuary. Connecticut River as the primary freshwater source enters near the sound's mouth. The summertime pathways of river water under low discharge and mild wind conditions are studied through both, numerical simulations with a passive dye pulse and field surface drifter observations. Within the 19‐day modeling analysis period a third of the river dye pulse remains in the eastern sound; another third of the pulse moves up‐estuary with the near‐bottom dense inflow into the central and western sound with a spring‐neap tidal modulation; and another third leaves the sound with the near‐surface outflow towards the continental shelf through Block Island Sound. The latter pathway is confirmed by field surface drifter tracks. Three scenarios of wind forcing are tested: a WRF‐ROMS Coupled case, a NARR data forcing case, and a No‐Wind case. The results show though the sound is tidal mixing dominated, mild winds still alter the position and strength of the estuarine exchange flow, either enhances by the cross‐estuary winds or lateral straining. On the shelf, winds play a more important role on the fresher estuarine water distribution. The sensitivities of circulation, salinity, and numerical drifter tracks to different atmospheric forcings also are studied. The results suggest that the coupled model has better performance to simulate surface drifter tracks.
    Print ISSN: 2169-9275
    Electronic ISSN: 2169-9291
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2014-04-09
    Print ISSN: 2330-1635
    Electronic ISSN: 2330-1643
    Topics: Computer Science , Information Science and Librarianship
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 1028 (1990), S. 14-20 
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Keywords: (Human erythrocyte) ; Calcium ion ; Cell fusion ; Osmotic swelling ; Phosphatidylserine ; Phospholipid asymmetry
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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