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  • 1
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2012-04-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kelly, Daniel P -- R01 DK045416/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Apr 6;336(6077):42-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1221688.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA. dkelly@sanfordburnham.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22491843" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipocytes, Brown/metabolism ; Adipocytes, White/*metabolism ; Animals ; Energy Metabolism ; *Exercise ; Fibronectins/genetics/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Hormones/*metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism ; Muscle, Skeletal/*metabolism ; Oxygen Consumption ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; Physical Endurance ; *Physical Exertion ; Thermogenesis ; Trans-Activators/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2011-02-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kelly, Daniel P -- England -- Nature. 2011 Feb 17;470(7334):342-3. doi: 10.1038/nature09896. Epub 2011 Feb 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21307852" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/*metabolism/pathology ; Animals ; Cardiomyopathies/metabolism/pathology/physiopathology ; Cell Aging/*physiology ; Heart/physiopathology ; Liver/metabolism/pathology/physiopathology ; Mice ; Mitochondria/*metabolism/*pathology ; Telomere/genetics/*metabolism/*pathology ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2013-01-29
    Description: Cellular reprogramming of somatic cells to patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) enables in vitro modelling of human genetic disorders for pathogenic investigations and therapeutic screens. However, using iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) to model an adult-onset heart disease remains challenging owing to the uncertainty regarding the ability of relatively immature iPSC-CMs to fully recapitulate adult disease phenotypes. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C) is an inherited heart disease characterized by pathological fatty infiltration and cardiomyocyte loss predominantly in the right ventricle, which is associated with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. Over 50% of affected individuals have desmosome gene mutations, most commonly in PKP2, encoding plakophilin-2 (ref. 9). The median age at presentation of ARVD/C is 26 years. We used previously published methods to generate iPSC lines from fibroblasts of two patients with ARVD/C and PKP2 mutations. Mutant PKP2 iPSC-CMs demonstrate abnormal plakoglobin nuclear translocation and decreased beta-catenin activity in cardiogenic conditions; yet, these abnormal features are insufficient to reproduce the pathological phenotypes of ARVD/C in standard cardiogenic conditions. Here we show that induction of adult-like metabolic energetics from an embryonic/glycolytic state and abnormal peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) activation underlie the pathogenesis of ARVD/C. By co-activating normal PPAR-alpha-dependent metabolism and abnormal PPAR-gamma pathway in beating embryoid bodies (EBs) with defined media, we established an efficient ARVD/C in vitro model within 2 months. This model manifests exaggerated lipogenesis and apoptosis in mutant PKP2 iPSC-CMs. iPSC-CMs with a homozygous PKP2 mutation also had calcium-handling deficits. Our study is the first to demonstrate that induction of adult-like metabolism has a critical role in establishing an adult-onset disease model using patient-specific iPSCs. Using this model, we revealed crucial pathogenic insights that metabolic derangement in adult-like metabolic milieu underlies ARVD/C pathologies, enabling us to propose novel disease-modifying therapeutic strategies.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3753229/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3753229/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kim, Changsung -- Wong, Johnson -- Wen, Jianyan -- Wang, Shirong -- Wang, Cheng -- Spiering, Sean -- Kan, Natalia G -- Forcales, Sonia -- Puri, Pier Lorenzo -- Leone, Teresa C -- Marine, Joseph E -- Calkins, Hugh -- Kelly, Daniel P -- Judge, Daniel P -- Chen, Huei-Sheng Vincent -- R01 AR052779/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR056712/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL058493/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL101189/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL105194/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- TCR05004/Telethon/Italy -- England -- Nature. 2013 Feb 7;494(7435):105-10. doi: 10.1038/nature11799. Epub 2013 Jan 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Del E. Webb Neuroscience, Aging & Stem Cell Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23354045" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Age of Onset ; Apoptosis/genetics ; Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular ; Dysplasia/genetics/*metabolism/*pathology/physiopathology ; Cellular Reprogramming ; Culture Media/pharmacology ; Embryoid Bodies/drug effects/physiology ; Energy Metabolism/genetics ; Fatty Acids/metabolism ; Fibroblasts/metabolism/pathology ; Glucose/metabolism ; Glycolysis ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism/*pathology ; Lipogenesis/genetics ; *Models, Biological ; Myocardial Contraction/drug effects ; Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology ; PPAR alpha/metabolism ; PPAR gamma/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Plakophilins/genetics ; Time Factors ; beta Catenin/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: In developing hearts, changes in the cardiac metabolic milieu during the perinatal period redirect mitochondrial substrate preference from carbohydrates to fatty acids. Mechanisms responsible for this mitochondrial plasticity are unknown. Here, we found that PINK1-Mfn2-Parkin-mediated mitophagy directs this metabolic transformation in mouse hearts. A mitofusin (Mfn) 2 mutant lacking PINK1 phosphorylation sites necessary for Parkin binding (Mfn2 AA) inhibited mitochondrial Parkin translocation, suppressing mitophagy without impairing mitochondrial fusion. Cardiac Parkin deletion or expression of Mfn2 AA from birth, but not after weaning, prevented postnatal mitochondrial maturation essential to survival. Five-week-old Mfn2 AA hearts retained a fetal mitochondrial transcriptional signature without normal increases in fatty acid metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis genes. Myocardial fatty acylcarnitine levels and cardiomyocyte respiration induced by palmitoylcarnitine were concordantly depressed. Thus, instead of transcriptional reprogramming, fetal cardiomyocyte mitochondria undergo perinatal Parkin-mediated mitophagy and replacement by mature adult mitochondria. Mitophagic mitochondrial removal underlies developmental cardiomyocyte mitochondrial plasticity and metabolic transitioning of perinatal hearts.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4747105/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4747105/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gong, Guohua -- Song, Moshi -- Csordas, Gyorgy -- Kelly, Daniel P -- Matkovich, Scot J -- Dorn, Gerald W 2nd -- HL058493/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL108943/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL122124/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL128071/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL59888/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL058493/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL059888/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL108943/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL128071/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):aad2459. doi: 10.1126/science.aad2459. Epub 2015 Dec 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. ; Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. ; Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Cardiovascular Metabolism Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL, USA. ; Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. gdorn@dom.wustl.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785495" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cellular Reprogramming ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/genetics/metabolism ; Heart/*embryology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Mitochondria, Heart/metabolism/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Mitochondrial Degradation/genetics/*physiology ; Mitochondrial Dynamics ; Myocardium/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 90 (1968), S. 4758-4759 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key wordsThiobacillus taxonomy ; Thiobacillus halophilus ; Thiobacillus hydrothermalis ; DNA ; hybridization ; mol% G+C ; 16S rRNA sequences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Thiobacillus halophilus and Thiobacillus hydrothermalis share 98.7% similarity in 16S rRNA sequence, possess similar gross DNA composition (64.2 and 67.4 mol% G+C values, respectively), and have similar physiological properties. While this might have indicated that they were strains of a single species, DNA-DNA hybridization between the type strains of the two species showed only 59% hybridization, indicating the organisms to be different at the species level. Thiobacillus neapolitanus is the phylogenetically nearest neighbour of T. halophilus and T. hydrothermalis (91.6–92.1% similarity in 16S rRNA sequence) and is the only other Thiobacillus in the γ-subclass of the Proteobacteria that can be regarded as exclusively related to these two species. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of these three species are so different from those of the other thiobacilli in the γ-subclass that they justify recognition as a distinct phyletic group. Their comparative properties are summarized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 69 (1969), S. 330-342 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The growth of several strains of Thiobacillus neapolitanus and of T. concretivorus was inhibited by l-phenylalanine. Inhibited T. neapolitanus organisms were unchanged morphologically and little altered in gross carbon content, but cultures growing in the presence of partially inhibitory concentrations of phenylalanine excreted more of the 14C fixed from 14CO2 than did control cultures. Phenylalanine inhibition could be reversed by tyrosine, tryptophan and several other amino acids. Tryptophan greatly stimulated the growth of T. concretivorus. 14C-phenylalanine was incorporated by T. neapolitanus and T. concretivorus, but was not converted to tyrosine. Phenylalanine depressed 14C-phenylalanine synthesis from 14CO2 by growing T. neapolitanus and also depressed 14C-tyrosine synthesis by non-growing organisms. Tyrosine and phenylalanine synthesis from 14CO2 was depressed by shikimate, and by their respective precursors p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate and phenylpyruvate. The well known branched pathway for aromatic amino acid biosynthesis was concluded to function in T. neapolitanus, and the probability that phenylalanine inhibited growth by interference with this pathway is discussed.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 69 (1969), S. 360-369 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary DAHP synthetase (PODH lyase, EC4.1.2.15.) activity was demonstrated in undialysed and dialysed extracts of the wild type strain C and phenylalanine-resistant variant P4 of T. neapolitanus. Activity at pH 6.4 in extracts of both strains was inhibited at least 50% by 10-5 M phenylalanine. Strain C enzyme was inhibited at least 80% by 10-3M tyrosine, but was relatively unaffected by tryptophan. Tryptophan stimulated the P4 enzyme threefold at 10-5–10-4M. Inhibition of the P4 enzyme by phenylalanine could be virtually completely prevented by tyrosine or tryptophan, but these acids and histidine were much less effective in preventing inhibition of the strain C enzyme. Maximum activity in extracts of both strain C and P4 was obtained at pH 8.9, at which pH DAHP synthesis was 8 times greater than at pH 6.4. Activity at pH 8.9 in dialysed extracts of P4 showed K M values of 1.43×10-3 M and 4×10-3 M for E-4-P and PEP respectively. K i values for competitive inhibition by l-phenylalanine were 5.4×10-6 M and 1.45×10-5 M respectively for ranges of concentration of E-4-P and PEP. Inhibition of the growth of strain C by phenylalanine was concluded to be due to prevention of tyrosine and tryptophan synthesis through inhibitiom of DAHP synthesis. Resistance to phenylalanine was conferred on the mutant P4 by its possession of a system by which inhibition of DAHP synthesis by phenylalanine was prevented by tyrosine and tryptophan.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 73 (1970), S. 177-192 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A comparative study has been made of the metabolism in several strains of Thiobacillus neapolitanus of formate, acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate and pyruvate. Conflicting reports in the literature concerning the mechanism of pyruvate assimilation in thiobacilli have been resolved. Pyruvate undergoes decarboxylation to yield acetyl coenzyme A, which is converted to glutamate, proline and arginine via reactions of the incomplete Krebs' cycle of this organism. Pyruvate is converted also to alanine, valine, isoleucine, leucine and lysine by mechanisms like those in heterotrophs. No aspartate is formed from the C-3 of pyruvate. Removal of the C-1 of pyruvate yields carbon dioxide, which is refixed into all cell constituents. Formate is not produced by this scission reaction, as formate itself is incorporated almost exclusively into purines. Aspartate can be synthesized by the activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and oxaloacetate-glutamate transamination. Carbon from propionate is converted principally to lipids, although some amino acid production occurs with the same distinctive labelling pattern as is found after acetate assimilation by T. neapolitanus strains C and X. Butyrate and valerate also showed some distinctive patterns of incorporation into cell constituents. Fluoropyruvate and fluoropropionate inhibited the growth of T. neapolitanus and the mechanisms of this poisoning are discussed. Generally these compounds contributed only small proportions of the total cell carbon and tended to be converted to limited numbers of cell components. The thiobacilli thus tend to conserve carbon from these compounds and not to degrade them to carbon dioxide on a large scale when growing in an otherwise autotrophic medium.
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